SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS

B.Tech In Electrical Engineering

Elective Subjects

Elective – I
VLSI Design
High Voltage Engineering
Digital Signal Processing
ANN and its Applications in Electrical
Engineering

Elective – II
Restructuring and Deregulation
Embedded System
EHV Transmission
Smart Grid

Elective – III
VLSI Design
High Voltage Engineering
Digital Signal Processing
ANN and its Applications in Electrical
Engineering

Elective – IV

Modelling of Electrical System

Renewable Energy System
Digital Control System
Open Elective
 Semester I (Engineering Mathematics-I)

Unit 1
Matrices: Rank, Normal form, System of Linear Equations, Linear Dependence and Independence,
Linear and Orthogonal Transformations. Eigen values, Eigen Vectors, Cayley – Hamilton Theorem.
Application to problems in Engineering (Translation and Rotation of Matrix).
Unit 2
Complex Numbers & Applications: Argand’s Diagram, De'Moivre's theorem and its application to find
roots of algebraic equations. Hyperbolic Functions, Inverse Hyperbolic Functions, Logarithm of
Complex Numbers, Separation into Real and Imaginary parts, Application to problems in Engineering.
Unit 3
Infinite Series: Infinite Sequences, Infinite Series, Alternating Series, Tests for Convergence, Absolute
and Conditional Convergence, Range of Convergence.
Differential Calculus: Successive Differentiation, Leibnitz Theorem.
Unit 4
Expansion of Functions: Taylor's Series and Maclaurin's Series.
Differential Calculus: Indeterminate Forms, L' Hospital's Rule, Evaluation of Limits.
Unit 5
Partial Differentiation and Applications: Partial Derivatives, Euler's Theorem on Homogeneous
Functions, Implicit functions, Total Derivatives, Change of Independent Variables.
Unit 6
Jacobian: Jacobians and their applications. Errors and Approximations.
Maxima and Minima: Maxima and Minima of Functions of two variables, Lagrange's method of
undetermined multipliers.

Text Books:
Higher Engineering Mathematics by B.V. Ramana (Tata McGraw-Hill).
Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig (Wiley Eastern Ltd.).

Reference Books:
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 7e, by Peter V. O'Neil (Thomson Learning).
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 2e, by M. D. Greenberg (Pearson Education).
Higher Engineering Mathematics by B. S. Grewal (Khanna Publication, Delhi).
Applied Mathematics (Volumes I and II) by P. N. Wartikar & J. N. Wartikar
(Pune Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan, Pune).
 Semester I (Applied Science – I)

Both schemes are exactly half for Chemistry and Physics each
Chemistry
Unit 1 : Solid state and materials chemistry
Crystallography:- Unit cell, Bravais lattices, Cubic crystals - CN, APF, radius ratio. Three laws of crystallography,
Weiss indices and Miller indices with numericals, X-ray diffraction – Bragg’s Law and numericals. Crystal defects (point
and line defects) and their effects on properties of crystals.
Zinc sulphide – structure and applications as luminescent.
Molecular electronics:-Basic concepts. Study of following molecules for their structures and properties on the basis of
orbitals, chemical bonding, band theory, electrical conductivity, applications in electronics such as in diodes, transistors,
ICs, photovoltaic devices, sensors etc.
1.Conductive polymers-polypyrrole, polythiophene
2.Pure carbon compounds- graphite, single wall and chiral carbon nano-tubes, fullerenes
3. Liquid crystals
4.Charge transfer compounds-tetrathiofulvalene.
Unit 2 : Volumetric analysis
Standard solutions and their preparations, various ways of expressing concentrations of solutions, equivalent weights in
different types of reactions. Volumetric analysis – acid-base, complexometric, oxidation-reduction, precipitation – with
specific examples, theories of indicators used in above titrations, titration curve (acid-base only) numericals on all above.
Unit 3 : Polymers
Definition and important terms: Monomer, Polymer, Polymerization, Degree of polymerization (Dp), Glass transition
temperature (Tg), Molecular weight, Polymer dissolution.
Classification on the basis of - a) Polymerization mechanism – (step and chain polymers , brief mechanism should be
explained), b) Polymerization reactions – (addition and condensation), c)Thermal behaviour–(thermoplastics and
thermosetting), d)Types of monomers– (homopolymer and copolymer).
Commercial Polymers–Synthesis, properties and applications- Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polyvinyl
chloride (PVC), Polystyrene (PS), Phenol formaldehyde (PF), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Epoxy resin .
Compounding of Plastics.
Rubbers-Synthesis, structure, properties and applications of a) Natural rubber–isolation, Polyisoprene. b) Vulcanized
rubber-Valcanisation of rubber by sulfur. c) Synthetic rubber-Styrene – Butadiene rubber, Silicon rubber and Neoprene
rubber.
Speciality polymers –Basic concepts and applications of conductive, liquid crystalline, thermally stable and
biodegradable polymers. Polymer composites, Recycling of polymers.
Term work : Any four experiments
1. To standardize KMnO4 solution by preparing standard oxalic acid and to estimate ferrous ions.
2. To standardize Na2S2O3 solution by preparing standard potassium dichromate and to estimate
percentage of copper from brass.
3. To determine phenol by iodometric method.
4. To determine molecular weight of a polymer using Ostwald viscometer.
5. Preparation of (any one ) polystyrene, urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde and its
characterization.
6. To determine chloride ions from solution by Volhard method.
7. To determine calcium from the given sample of cement by volumetric method.
Term work is based on performance and regular checking of the experiments.
Reference Books :
1.Chemistry, Raymond Chang. (Tata McGraw Hill).
2.Principles of the solid state, H.V. Keer (New age international publishers).
3.Polymer Science, V.R. Gowarikar (Wiley Eastern Ltd.).
4. Inorganic quantitative analysis, Vogel. (Prentice Hall).
5. Text book of engineering chemistry, R.N. Goyal and Harrmendra Goel, (Ane books India).
Laboratory Manual :
1. Laboratory Manual on Engineering Chemistry, Sudharani (Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company).
 Physics

Unit 4 : Interference and electron Optics

Interference:- Interference of waves, Interference due to thin films of uniform (with derivation) and non-
uniform thickness (without derivation), Fringe width, Newton’s Rings, Applications of Newton’s Rings for
determination of (i) wavelength of incident light / radius of curvature of Plano convex lens (ii) refractive
index of a given liquid; Michelson’s interferometer, applications for determination of (i) wavelength of a
monochromatic source (ii) refractive index /thickness of a transparent material; Engineering applications of
interference (i) Testing of optical flatness of surfaces (ii) Nonreflecting / Antireflection coatings.
Electron Optics :- Motion of an electron in electric (parallel, perpendicular) and magnetic (extensive,
limited) fields, crossed fields. Electrostatic and magneto static focusing, Scanning electron microscope
(SEM) , Bainbridge mass spectrograph.
Unit 5 : Diffraction and ultrasonic
Diffraction : - Diffraction of waves, classes of diffraction, Fraunhoffer diffraction at a single slit
(geometrical method), conditions for maxima and minima, Intensity pattern due to a single slit, Plane
diffraction grating, conditions for principal maxima and minima, intensity pattern; Resolving power,
Resolving power of a grating.
Ultrasonics :- Ultrasonic waves, Piezo-electric effect, Production of ultrasonic waves by Piezoelectric
oscillator, Magnetostrictive effect, Production of ultrasonic waves by magnetostrictive oscillator, properties
of ultrasonic waves, Applications of ultrasonic waves (i) Scientific- Echo sounding, Sound signaling, depth
sounding, SONAR, cleaning of dirt etc (ii) Engineering –thickness measurement, cavitation, Ultrasonic
cleaning, Nondestructive testing, Flaw detection, Soldering, Drilling and welding (iii) Medical- for
diagnostics and treatment
Note: Discuss any one application for 4 marks
Unit 6: Polarisation and nuclear physics
Polarisation :- Introduction, production of plane polarised light by refraction (pile of plates), Law of Malus,
Double refraction, Huygen’s theory of double refraction, Cases of double refraction of crystal cut with the
optic axis lying in the plane of incidence and (i) parallel to the surface (ii) perpendicular to the surface (iii)
inclined to the surface, Retardation plates-quarter wave plate (QWP), Half wave plate (HWP); Analytical
treatment of light for the production of circularly and elliptically polarised light, Detection of various types
of light (PPL, CPL, EPL, Upl, Par PL), Optical activity, Specific rotation, Polaroids
Nuclear Physics :- Nuclear fission in natural Uranium-Chain reaction, Critical size. Nuclear fuels, Nuclear
fusion, and thermonuclear reactions-P-P and CN cycles, Particle accelerators-cyclotron, betatron.
Reference Books:
1.Optics, Jenkins and White (Tata Mcgraw Hill)
2.Text Book of Optics, Brijlal and Subramanyam (S. Chand and Company)
3.University Physics, Young and Freedman (Pearson Education).
4.Fundamentals of Physics, Resnick and Halliday (John Wiley and Sons).
5. Concepts of Modern Physics-Beiser (Tata Mcgraw Hill)
Term Work: Any Four experiments
1.Determination of wavelength by using diffraction grating.
2.Newton’s Rings (Determination of wavelength/radius of curvature /refractive index of a liquid).
3.Experiment on ultrasonic waves.
4.Resolving Power of a telescope / grating.
5.Determination of specific rotation by Laurent’s half shade polarimeter.
6.Demonstration of Lissajous figures (principles of interference and polarisation) using a CRO, phase
measurement.
7.Michelson’s interferometer
8. Determination of e/m by Thomson’s method.
9.An experiment on polarization.
(Determination of polarising angle for glass and to determine refractive index of glass using Brewster’s law
Or Experimental verification of law of Malus).
10.Determination of wavelength of the given source by Fraunhoffer diffraction at a single slit.
Term work is based on performance and regular checking of the experiments.
 Semester I (Fundamentals of Programming
Languages)
Objectives

• To learn and acquire art of computer programming

• To know about some popular programming languages and how to choose a programming
language for solving a problem using a computer
• To learn to program in C

1. Program Planning Concepts

Algorithm; Advantages of Generalized Algorithms; How to Make Algorithms Generalized;
Avoiding Infinite Loops in Algorithms – By Counting, By using a Sentinel Value; Different ways of
Representing an Algorithm – As a Program, As a Flowchart, As a Pseudo code; Need for Planning a
Program before Coding; Program Planning Tools – Flowcharts, Structure charts, Pseudo codes;
Importance of use of Indentation in Programming; Structured Programming Concepts – Need for Careful
Use of “Go to” statements, How all programs can be written using Sequence Logic, Selection Logic and
Iteration (or looping) Logic, functions.
2. Programming Languages

What is a Programming Language; Types of Programming Languages – Machine-level,

Assembly-level and High-level Languages, Scripting Languages, Natural Languages; Their relative
Advantages and Limitations; High-level Programming Language Tools – Compiler, Linker, Interpreter,
Intermediate Language Compiler and Interpreter, Editor, Matlab, GUI; Overview of some popular High-
level Languages – FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, C, C++, JAVA, LISP; Characteristics of a
Good Programming Language; Selecting a Language out of many Available Languages for Coding an
Application; Subprograms.
3. Program Testing and Debugging
Definition of Testing & Debugging; Difference between Testing and Debugging; Types of
Program Errors; Testing a Program; Debugging a Program for Syntax Errors; Debugging a Program for
Logic Errors, Concept of APIs/Libraries.
4. Program Documentation
What is Documentation; Need for Documenting Programs and Software; Forms of
Documentation – Comments, System Manual, User Manual; Documentation Standards and Notations.
5. Programming in C Language
Character set, Constants, Variables, Keywords and Comments; Operators and Operator
Precedence; Statements; I/O Operations; Preprocessor Directives; Pointers, Arrays and Strings; User
Defined Data Types – Structure and Union; Control Structures – Conditional and Unconditional
Branching Using “if”, “switch”, “break”, “continue”, “go to” and “return” Statements; Loop Structures –
Creating Pretest Loops using “for” and “while” Statements; Creating Posttest Loops using “do…while”
statement; Functions – Creating Subprograms using Functions; Parameter Passing by Value; Parameter
Passing by Reference; Main Function.
 Semester I (BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING)

SECTION – I

Unit 1.General:
Concepts of emf., p.d. and current, resistance, effect of temperature on resistance.
resistance temperature coefficient, insulation resistance. S.I. units of work, power and
energy. Conversion of energy from one form to another in electrical, mechanical
and thermal systems. batteries and cells, their types, primary cells and secondary cells,
Lead Acid, Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries, current capacity and cell ratings. charging ,
importance of initial charging and discharging of batteries. series and parallel battery
connections, maintenance procedure.
Unit 2. D.C.Circuits:

Classification of electrical networks, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff’s law and their applications
for network solutions. Simplifications of networks using series and parallel combinations
and star-delta conversions, Superposition theorem, Thevenin’s theorem and
maximum power transfer theorem.

Unit 3.Electromagnetism:

Magnetic effect of an electric current, cross and dot conventions, right hand thumb rule
and cork screw rule, nature of magnetic field of long straight conductor, solenoid and
toroid. concept of m.m.f., flux, flux density, reluctance, permeability and field strength,
their units and relationships. simple series and parallel magnetic circuits, comparison
of electrical and magnetic circuit, force on current carrying conductors placed in magnetic
field, Fleming’s left hand rule.
Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction, statically and dynamically induced e.m.f.,
self and mutual inductance, coefficient of couplings. energy stored in magnetic field.
 SECTION – II

Unit 4. Electrostatics and AC fundamentals:

A) Electrostatics field, electric flux density, electric field strength, absolute permittivity,
relative permittivity, capacitance and capacitor, composite dielectric capacitors,
capacitors in series and parallel, energy stored in capacitors, charging and
discharging of capacitors and time constant.

B) Sinusoidal voltages and currents, their mathematical and graphical representation,

Concept of instantaneous, peak(maximum), average and r.m.s. values, frequency , cycle,
period, peak factor and form factor, phase difference ,lagging, leading and in phase
quantities and phasor representation. rectangular and polar representation of phasors.

Unit 5. Single phase A.C. Circuits:

Study of A.C. circuits consisting of pure resistance, pure inductance, pure capacitance
and corresponding voltage-current phasor diagrams and waveforms. Development of concept of
reactance, study of series R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuit and resonance, study of parallel R-L, R-C and R-L-C
circuit, concept of impedance , admittance, conductance and susceptance in case of above
combinations and relevant voltage-current phasor diagrams, concept of active, reactive and apparent
power and power factor.
Unit 6. Polyphase A.C.Circuits and Single phase Transformers:

A) Polyphase A.C.Circuits: Concept of three-phase supply and phase sequence. voltages, currents and
power relations in three phase balanced star-connected loads
and delta-connected loads along with phasor diagrams.

B) Single phase transformers: Construction, principle of working, e.m.f. equation, voltageand current
ratios. losses, definition of regulation and efficiency, determination of these by direct loading
method. descriptive treatment of autotransformers and dimmerstats.
Term work:
The term work shall consist of record of minimum eight exercises and experiments, out of
which Group A is compulsory and any five experiments from Group B should be conducted.
Group A
1. Wiring Exercises:
a) Study of various wiring components (wires, switches, fuse, sockets, plugs, lamp
holders, lamps etc. their uses and ratings).
b) Control of two lamps from two switches (looping system).
c) Staircase wiring.
d) Use of Megger for insulation test and continuity test of wiring installations and
machines.
2. a) Study of fluorescent tube circuit.
b) Study of compact fluorescent lamp(CFL).
c) Study of HID lamps such as mercury vapour lamp /sodium vapour lamp.
3. a)Study of safety precautions while working on electric installations and necessity of
earthing.
b) Introduction to energy conservation and simple techniques to achieve it.
Group B

4. Determination of temperature rise of medium resistance such as shunt field winding.

5 .Verification of Kirchhoff’s laws and Superposition theorem.
6. Verification of Thevenin’s theorem.
7. Study of R. L. C. series circuits.
8. Verification of current relations in three phase balanced star and delta connected loads.
9. Single phase transformer
a)Voltage and current ratios.
b) Efficiency and regulations by direct loading.

Note: College should provide printed text and figures for Group A experiments
and only printed text for Group B experiments.

Text Books :

1. A Textbook of Electrical Technology Volume- I – B.L.Theraja, S.Chand and Company Ltd.,

2. New Delhi.
3. Basic Electrical Engineering, V.K.Mehta, S.Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Electrical Engineering- G.K.Mittal
5. Theory and problems of Basic Electrical Engineering- I.J.Nagrath and Kothari,
Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

Reference Books :

1. Electrical Technolgy- Edward Hughes, Seventh Edition, Pearson Education

2. Elements of Electrical Technology- H.Cotton, C.B.S. Publications
3. Basic circuits analysis by John Omalley Shawn Mc Graw Hill.
4 Principles of Electrical Engineering by Del. Toro, PH
 Semester I (Basic Civil and Environmental Engineering)

Section I
Unit 1: Introduction to Civil Engineering
a) Role of Civil Engineer in the construction of buildings, dams, expressways and infrastructure
projects for 21st century. Importance of an interdisciplinary approach in engineering.
b) Basic Areas in Civil Engineering Surveying, Construction Engineering, Project Management,
Transportation Engineering, Fluid Mechanics, Irrigation Engineering, Structural Engineering,
Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Quantity Surveying,
Earthquake Engineering, Infrastructure Development, Town Planning, Remote Sensing.

Unit 2: Materials and Construction

a) Use of basic materials cement, bricks, stone, natural and artificial sand, Reinforcing Steel-Mild,
Tor and High Tensile Steel. Concrete types - PCC, RCC Prestressed and Precast. Introduction
to smart materials. Recycling of materials.
b) Substructure-Function of Foundations, (Only concepts of settlement and Bearing capacity of
soils.) Types of shallow foundations, (only concept of friction and end bearing pile).
c) Superstructure - Types of loads :- DL and LL, wind loads, earthquake considerations. Types of
Construction-Load Bearing, Framed, Composite. Fundamental requirements of masonary.
d) Introduction to automation in construction:- Concept, need, examples related to different civil
engineering projects.

Unit 3: Uses of maps and field surveys

a) Various types of maps and their uses. Principles of survey.
Modern survey methods using levels, Theodolite, EDM, lasers, total station and GPS.
Introduction to digital mapping. Measuring areas from maps using digital planimeter.
b) Conducting simple and differential levelling for setting out various benchmarks, determining
the elevations of different points and preparation of contour maps. Introduction to GIS
Software and other surveying softwares with respect to their capabilities and application areas.
 Section II
Unit 4: Ecology and Eco System
a) Concept of Environment - biotic and abiotic factors. Concept of the ecological cycle. Impact
of the human behaviour and the technological advancements on the environment. Need for
conserving natural resources and preserving the environment. Engineer's role in achieving
sustainable development. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
b) Introduction to solid waste management, Disposal of electronic wastes.

Unit 5 :Planning for the Built Environment

a) Concept of an integrated built environment-natural and manmade. Principles of planning, viz.
Aspect, Prospect, Roominess, Grouping, Privacy, Circulation, Sanitation, Orientation,
Economy. Role of by-laws in regulating the environment.
b) Use of various eco-friendly materials in construction. Concept of green buildings.

Unit 6: Energy and Environmental Pollution

a) Types of energy:- conventional and non-conventional. Need for harnessing alternative
energies to meet the increased demand. Methods of harnessing energies.
b) Sources, causes, effects and remedial measures associated with
1. Air Pollution
2.Water treatment :- Objective, drinking water standards, pollution,introduction to waste water
treatment.
3. Noise Pollution
4. Land Pollution

Term Work:
Any 8 Practical Exercises from those given below should be carried out, record to be submitted in the
field book and file which will form a part of termwork.

1. Study of any 4 types of maps and writing their uses.

2. Exercise on use of dumpy level and laser level.
3. Measurement of area of irregular figures by digital planimeter.
4. Drawing of plan elevation & section for a residential building, single storeyed
framed/load bearing structure. Preparing schedule of openings [On half imperial sheet.]
5. Determination of coordinates of a traverse using Global Positioning system (GPS)
6. Measurement of distance by EDM and comparing it with the distance measured using
tape.
7. Visit to a construction site for studying the various construction materials used, type of
structure, type of foundation and components of superstructure – submission of visit
report.
8. Demonstration of use of any 4 Civil Engineering softwares.
9. Making a poster (Full imperial sheet size) in a group of 4 students, related to
Energy/Environment.
10. Presentation in a group of 4 students, any case study related to Energy/Environment.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Surveying and Levelling --- Kanetkar and Kulkarni, PVG Prakashana
2. Environmental Studies D.L.Manjunath – Pearson Education.
3. Building Construction --- Bindra Arora; Dhanpat Rai publication.
4. Text book of Environmental Studies-Erach Bharucha-UGC, Universities Press.
 Semester I (Engineering Graphics – I)

SECTION – I

UNIT – I Drafting Technology and Introduction to Any Drafting Software/Package

Layout of drawing sheets, sizes of drawing sheets, different types of lines used in drawing
practice, Dimensioning – linear, angular, aligned system, unidirectional system, parallel dimensioning,
chain dimensioning, location dimension and size dimension. Tolerances – methods of representing
tolerances, unilateral and bilateral tolerances, tolerance on linear and angular dimensions, geometrical
tolerances. Symbols used on drawing, surface finish symbols, welding symbols.
Advantages of using Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) packages, applications of CAD, basic
operation of drafting packages, use of various commands for drawing, dimensioning, editing, modifying,
saving and printing/plotting the drawings. Introduction to 3D primitives.

UNIT – II Curves used in Engineering Practice

Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola, normal and tangents to these curves, Involute, Cycloid, Epi-cycloid,
Hypo-cycloid, Archimedean Spiral, Helix on cone and cylinder.

UNIT – III Orthographic Projections

Reference planes, types of orthographic projections – First angle projections, Third angle
projections, methods of obtaining orthographic views by First angle method, Sectional orthographic
projections – full section, half section, offset section.

UNIT – IV Auxiliary Projections

Auxiliary planes – Auxiliary Vertical Plane (AVP), Auxiliary Inclined Plane (AIP), symmetrical
auxiliary view, unilateral auxiliary view, bilateral auxiliary view.

SECTION – II

UNIT – V Isometric Projections

Isometric view, Isometric scale to draw Isometric projection, Non-Isometric lines, construction of
Isometric view from given orthographic views and to construct Isometric view of a Pyramid, Cone,
Sphere.

UNIT – VI Interpretation of Given Views/Missing Views

Identification of lines/edges and surfaces, visualization of given orthographic views, adding a
missing/third view, adding a sectional view, to convert a given view in to a sectional view.

UNIT – VII Freehand Sketching

Free hand sketching -- FV and TV of standard machine parts – Hexagonal headed nut and bolt,
foundation bolts, shafts, keys, couplings, springs, screw thread forms, welded joints, riveted joints.
 Semester II (Engineering Mathematics – II)

Unit 1
Differential Equations (DE): Definition, Order and Degree of DE, Formation of DE. Solutions of
Variable Separable DE, Exact DE, Linear DE and reducible to these types
Unit 2
Application of DE: Applications of DE to Orthogonal Trajectories, Newton's Law of Cooling,
Kirchoff’s Law of Electrical Circuits, Motion under Gravity, Rectilinear Motion, Simple Harmonic
Motion, One–Dimensional Conduction of Heat, Chemical problems
Unit 3
Fourier Series: Definition, Dirichlet's conditions, Full Range Fourier Series, Half Range Fourier Series,
Harmonic Analysis and Applications to Problems in Engineering.
Integral Calculus: Reduction formulae, Beta and Gamma functions.
Unit 4
Integral Calculus: Differentiation Under the Integral Sign, Error functions.
Curve Tracing: Tracing of Curves, Cartesian, Polar and Parametric Curves. Rectification of Curves
Unit 5
Solid Geometry: Cartesian, Spherical Polar and Cylindrical Coordinate Systems. Sphere, Cone and
Cylinder
Unit 6
Multiple Integrals and their Applications: Double and Triple integrations, Applications to Area,
Volume, Mean and Root Mean Square Values, Mass, Center of Gravity and Moment of Inertia.

Text Books:
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 7e, by Peter V. O'Neil (Thomson Learning).
Higher Engineering Mathematics by B. S. Grewal (Khanna Publication, Delhi).

Reference Books:
Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig (Wiley Eastern Ltd.).
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wylie C.R. & Barrett L.C. (McGraw-Hill, Inc.)
Higher Engineering Mathematics by B.V. Ramana (Tata McGraw-Hill).
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 2e, by M. D. Greenberg (Pearson Education).

******************************************************************************
 Semester II (Applied Science – II)

Both schemes are exactly half for Chemistry and Physics each
Chemistry
Unit 1 : Fuels and combustion
Fuels : Definition, classification of fuels, calorific value and its units. Determination of calorific value – Bomb
calorimeter, Boy’s colorimeter – numericals. Solid fuels : Coal, classification of coal, proximate and ultimate analysis of
coal, numericals based on analysis of coal - Dulong and Goutel formula. types of carbonisation of coal-low temperature
and high temperature carbonization. Liquid fuels : Origin of petroleum, composition of petroleum, refining of petroleum,
octane number of petrol, cetane number of diesel, power alcohol, biodiesel. Gaseous fuels : Composition, properties and
applications of natural gas, treatment products such as CNG, LPG, LNG. Hydrogen gas as a fuel, production, properties,
storage and transportation. Rocket propellants-characteristics, classification. Combustion : Chemical reactions,
calculation on air requirement for combustion – numericals
Unit 2 : Corrosion and its prevention
Corrosion:- Definition, atmospheric corrosion-mechanism, Wet corrosion-mechanism, Electrochemical and galvanic
series, Factors affecting corrosion-nature of metal, nature of environment, Pourbaix diagram.
Methods of prevention of corrosion-cathodic and anodic protection. Metallic coatings, Electroplating, Hot dipping,
blacodizing, powder coating Surface conversion coating.
Unit 3 : Water and phase rule
Water :- Chemical analysis of water-hardness, chloride content, alkalinity- numericals. Ill effect of hard water in steam
generation, preventive measures. Softening of water by zeolite-with numericals and ion-exchange process.
Phase rule :- Gibb’s Phase rule and the terms involved in it with examples. One component system – Water and Sulphur.
Reduced phase rule. Applications and limitations of phase rule.
Term Work: Any four experiments
1. To determine total alkalinity of water sample.
2. To determine chloride content of water sample by Mohr’s method.
3. To determine temporary and permanent hardness of water sample by EDTA method.
4. Spectrophotometric / colorimetric estimation of Fe++ from the given solution.
5. To construct a phase diagram for a binary system, naphthalene and benzoic acid and find eutectic point.
6. Study of corrosion of metals in medium of different pH.
7. Analysis of mixture of phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid using indicators and pH meter separately.
8. To determine moisture, volatile matter and ash content of a given sample of coal.
Term work is based on performance and regular checking of the experiments.
Reference books :
1.Materials science and engineering an introduction, William D. Callister, (Jr.,Wiley. publisher)
2. Principles of the solid state, H.V. Keer, (New age international publishers).
3. Text book of engineering chemistry, R.N. Goyal and Harrmendra Goel, (Ane books India).
4. Text book of Physical chemistry, Samuel Glasstone (Mcmiillon and Co. Ltd.)
Laboratory manual
1. Laboratory manual on Engineering Chemistry, Sudharani (Dhanpat Rai publishing company)
2. Applied Chemistry theory and practical O.P. Virmani and A.K. Narular (New Age International publishers).
 Physics
Unit 4 : Wave particle duality and wave equations
Wave Particle Duality :- Wave particle duality of radiation and matter, concept of group velocity and
phase velocity; Uncertainty principle, Illustration of electron diffraction at a single slit.
Wave Equations :- Concept of wave function and probability interpretation, Physical significance of the
wave function, Schrodinger’s time independent and time dependent wave equations, Applications of
Schrodinger’s time independent wave equations to problems of (i) Particle in a rigid box (infinite
potential well), Comparison of predictions of classical mechanics with quantum mechanics (ii)Particle in
a non-rigid box (finite Potential Well)- Qualitative (results only);
Unit 5 : Lasers and superconductivity
Lasers :- Requirement for lasing action (stimulated emission, population inversion, pumping),
Characteristics– monochromaticity, coherence, directionality, brightness. Various levels of laser systems
with examples (i) Two level laser system- semiconductor laser (ii) Three level laser system- Ruby laser
and He-Ne laser. Applications i)Communication systems-fiber optics in brief, ii)Information technology
holography-construction, reproduction.
Superconductivity :- Introduction to superconductivity, Properties of superconductors (zero resistance,
Meissner effect, critical fields, persistent currents), isotope effect, BCS theory. Type I and type II Super
conductors, Applications (super conducting magnets, transmission lines etc), DC and AC Josephson effect
Unit 6: Semiconductor physics and physics of nano particles
Semiconductor physics :- Band theory of solids, Classification of solids on the basis of band theory,
Types of semiconductors, Introduction to the concept of electrical conductivity, conductivity of
conductors and semiconductors. Hall effect and Hall coefficient, Fermi-Dirac probability distribution
function, Position of Fermi level in intrinsic semiconductors (with derivation) and in extrinsic
semiconductors (variation of Fermi level with temperature (without derivation)), Band structure of PN
junction diode under zero bias, forward bias and reverse bias; Transistor working, PNP and NPN on the
basis of band diagrams, Photovoltaic effect, working of a solar cell on the basis of band diagrams and
Applications.
Physics of Nanoparticles :- Introduction, Nanoparticles, Properties of nanoparticles (optical, electrical,
magnetic, structural, mechanical), Brief description of different methods of synthesis of nanoparticles
such as physical, chemical, biological, and mechanical. Synthesis of colloids. Growth of nanoparticles,
Synthesis of metal nanoparticles by colloidal route, Applications of nanotechnology-electronics, energy,
automobiles, space and defence, medical, environmental, textile, cosmetics.

Reference Books:
1.Principles of Physics, Serway and Jewett (Saunders college publishing)
2.Introduction to Solid State Physics, Kittel C (Wiley and Sons)
3.Laser and Non-Linear Optics, B.B.Laud (Oscar publication)
4.Physics of the Atom, Wehr and Richards (Addison, Wesley)
5.Nanotechnology, Principles and Practices, Dr.S.K.Kulkarni (Capital Publishing Company)
Term Work: Any four experiments
1.Determination of band gap of a semiconductor.
2.Characteristics of a solar cell, calculation of fill factor, To plot power vs. resistance graph and hence to
calculate value of R for maximum value of workable power.
3.Hall effect and determination of Hall coefficient.
4.Characteristics of photocell/photo diode.
5.Diode characteristics (Ge/Si, LED, Zener)
6. Synthesis of metal nanoparticles (gold/silver) by the chemical route.
7.Measurement of diameter of a thin wire using a laser.
8.To find refractive index of glass using a laser (using Snell’s law). ( may show demonstrations of
polarisation and diffraction).
9. An experiment based on laser (e.g.: To find number of lines /cm of a given grating using a laser
source/ to find beam divergence/true beam width )
10.Determination of width of a slit using a laser.
Term work is based on performance and regular checking of the experiments.
 Semester II (Engineering Mechanics)

Section-I (Statics)
Unit 1. Resultant of coplanar force system.
A. Principle of statics, Force systems, Resolution and composition of forces,
Resultant of concurrent forces.
B. Moment of a force, Couple, Varignon’s theorem, Equivalent force couple
system, Resultant of parallel and general force system. Distributed forces,
Centroid of plane lamina and wire bends.

Unit 2. Equilibrium of Force system.

A. Free body diagram, Equilibrium of concurrent, parallel and general forces
in a plane, Equilibrium of three forces in a plane, Types of beams, simple
and compound beams, type of supports and reaction.
B. Resultant and Equilibrium of concurrent and parallel forces in a Space.
Unit 3. Analysis of structure and friction.
A. Two force member, Analysis of plane trusses by method of joint and
method of section, cables subjected to point loads.
Multi force member, Plane frames.
B. Friction - Application of friction on inclined plane, wedges, ladders and flat
belt.
Section-II (Dynamics)
Unit 4. Rectilinear motion of particles.
A. Kinematics- Basic concepts, Equations of motion for constant acceleration
and motion under gravity, Variable acceleration, Motion curves, Relative
motion and dependant motion.
B. Kinetics- Newton’s second law of motion and its applications.
Unit 5. Curvilinear motion of particles.
A. Kinematics-Basic concepts, Equation of motion in cartesian, path and polar
coordinate, Motion of projectile.
B. Kinetics-Newton’s second law of motion. Motion in cartesian and path
coordinate of a particle.

Unit 6. Work energy and impulse momentum principle for particle.

. Work, Power, Energy, conservative forces & Potential Energy ,
Conservation of energy, Work energy principle for motion of particle.
B. Linear Impulse & Momentum, Conservation of momentum, Direct central
impact and coefficient of restitution, Impuse momentum principle.
Term Work
Term work consists of the following.
a) Statics-(Any three experiments from the list below)
1. Verification of law of parallelogram of forces/ polygon of forces.
2. Support reaction of simple / compound beams.
3. Determination of coefficient friction of belt/inclined plane.
4. To determine forces in Space Force System.
b) Dynamics-
1. Curvilinear motion.
 2. Determination of coefficient of restitution.
c) Exercise-At least two examples on each part of the units should be solved
during practical hours under the guidance of the concerned teacher.
d) Assignment- Minimum five numerical examples from each unit given by
concerned teacher.
Note: Examples in Exercise and Assignment should be unsolved problems
from text and reference books prescribed in the syllabus.
Text book (latest editions)
1. Engineering Mechanics statics and dynamics by R. C. Hibbeler, McMillan
Publication.
Reference books
1. Mechanics for Engineers - Statics Fourth Edition, by F. P. Beer and E. R.
Johnson, McGraw-Hill Publication.
2. Mechanics for Engineers - Dynamics Fourth Edition, by F. P. Beer and
E. R. Johnson, McGraw-Hill Publication.
3. Engineering Mechanics statics and dynamics by J. L. Meriam and Craige,
John Willey and Son’s publication.
4. Engineering Mechanics by S. P. Timoshenko and D. H. Young, McGraw-
Hill publication.
5. Engineering Mechanics by F L Singer, Harper and Rowe publication.
6. Engineering Mechanics by A. P. Boresi and R. J. Schmidt, Brooks/Cole
Publication.
7. Engineering Mechanics by Shames I. H., P H I India.
Semester II (Basic Electronics Engineering)
 Semester II (Engineering Graphics – II)

NOTE – ONLY FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS IS TO BE USED IN ALL THE

UNITS.
UNIT – I Projections of Point and Line
Projections of points, projections of lines, lines inclined to one reference plane, lines inclined to
both reference planes. (Lines in First Quadrant Only) Traces of lines, Distance between skew lines.

UNIT – II Projections of Planes

Projection of planes, angle between two planes, distance of a point from a given plane, inclination
of the plane with HP and VP, True shape of a plane surface.

UNIT – III Projections of Solids

Projections of solids inclined to one reference plane, inclined to both the reference planes,
projections of cube, right regular prisms, right regular pyramids, right circular cylinder, right circular
cone, tetrahedron, frustum of solids.

UNIT – IV Sections of Solids

Types of section planes, projections of above solids cut by different section planes, True shape of
cut surfaces.
UNIT – V Development of Lateral Surfaces (DLS) of Solids.
Applications of DLS, method of development, development of lateral surface of above solids,
development of lateral surface of cut solids.

Term Work : Term Work should be prepared on Five A2 (594X420mm) (Half imperial) size drawing
screen using any drafting software/package as detailed below.
Sheet No. – 1 Projection of Line Minimum 2 Problems
Sheet No. – 2 Projections of Planes Minimum 2 Problems
Sheet No. – 3 Projections of Solids Minimum 2 Problems
Sheet No. – 4 Sections of Solids Minimum 2 Problems
Sheet No. – 5 DLS of Solids Minimum 2 Problems

Important Note: The problems for Term Work should be different for each student.
The Term Work of a batch should be preserved in a form of CD/DVD and the same should be produced
before a TW Verification Committee appointed by the University.
Text Books :
1. N.D. Bhatt, Elementary Engg. Drawing, Chartor Pub. House, Anand, India.
2. D. N. Johle, Engineering Drawing, Tata Mcgraw-hill Publishing Co. Ltd..
Reference Books :
3. P.S. Gill, Engineering Graphics.
4. N.D. Bhatt, Machine Drawing, Chartor Publishing house, Anand, India.
5. Warren J. Luzzader, Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi.
6. Fredderock E. Giesecke, Alva Mitchell & others, Principles of Engineering Graphics,
Maxwell McMillan Publishing.
 Semester II (Basic Mechanical Engineering)

Unit 1
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic work, p-dV work in various processes, p-V representation of various thermodynamic
processes and cycles
Ideal gas equations, Properties of pure substance, Statements of I and II laws of thermodynamics and their
applications in Mechanical Engineering.
Carnot cycle for Heat engine, Refrigerator and Heat pump.

Unit 2
Energy conversion devices (Theoretical study using schematic diagrams only)
Package Boiler, Turbine(Impulse & Reaction turbine, Gas turbine, Hydraulic turbines), Working principle
and applications of Reciprocating I.C. engines, Air motor. Reciprocating pumps (single acting & double
acting), reciprocating compressor, rotary compressors, fans, blowers, Study of household refrigerator,
window air conditioner, split air conditioner Ratings and selection criteria of above devices. Refrigerants
and their impact on environment.

Unit 3
Heat Transfer
Statement and explanation of Fourier’s law of heat conduction, Newton;s law of cooling, Stefan
Boltzmann’s law. Conducting and insulating materials and their properties. Selection of heat sink and heat
source.
Power Plants ( Description with Block Diagrams)
Thermal, Hydroelectric, Nuclear and Solar-Wind Hybrid Power Plants.

Unit 4
Machine elements:
Power transmission shafts, axles, keys, bush and ball bearings, Flywheel and Governors.
Power Transmission Devices
Types of Belts and belt drives, Chain drive, Types of gears, Types of Couplings, friction clutch (cone and
single plate), brakes (types and applications only)
Applications of these devices.
Mechanisms:.(Descriptive treatment only)
Slider crank mechanism, Four bar chain mechanism, List of various inversions of Four bar chain
mechanism, Geneva mechanism, Ratchet and Paul mechanism
Unit 5
Materials Used in Engineering and their Applications
Metals – Ferrous and Non-Ferrous, Nonmetallic materials, Material selection criteria
Design considerations
Steps in Design
Introduction to manufacturing processes and Their Applications:
Casting, Sheet metal forming, Sheet metal cutting, Forging, Fabrication, Metal joining processes.

Unit 6
Machine Tools (Basic elements, Working principle and types of operations)
Lathe Machine – Centre Lathe
Drilling Machine – Study of Pillar drilling machine
Introduction to NC and CNC machines
Grinding machine, Power saw, Milling Machine.

Term work: Term work shall consist of record of any eight experiments out of the following;

1. Assembly and working of 4-bar, 6-bar, 8-bar planer mechanisms

2. Finding relation between input angle and output angle for various link lengths
3. Demonstration of operations of centre lathe (turning, step turning, facing, boring, taper turning,
knurling, grooving, threading)
4. Demonstration of operations on drilling machines (drilling, reaming, spot facing , counterboring)
5. Demonstration of Two stroke and four stroke engine
6. Study of Package type boilers
7. Study of domestic refrigerator & window air-conditioner
8. Study of power transmitting elements: Coupling, Gears and bearings.
9. Joule’s porous plug experiment
10. Joule’s paddle wheel experiment.
11. Experimental verification of effect of insulating material on heat transfer

References :
Text Book:
P. K Nag “Thermodynamics”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd
Hajra-Chaudhari “ Workshop Technology”
Reference Books:
1. Yunus A. Cengel and Boles, “ Thermodynamics “,Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Co. Ltd
2. Arora and Domkunwar, “Thermal Engineering”, Dhanpat Rai and Sons.
3. R. K. Rajput, “Heat transfer”, S Chand Publication, Delhi.
4 V. B. Bhandari “Design of Machine Elements” Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Ltd
 Communication Skill

Teaching Scheme:
Practical: 02 Hrs.

The teacher shall explain in detail, the gist and techniques involved in the following work units to the
students. The Students should complete practical work based on the following topics. The teacher shall
subsequently formulate the exercises to adjudge the skill sets acquired by the students. These exercises
will be undertaken by the groups of the students of suitable strength.

Work Unit 1- Fundamentals of Communication:

Elements of communication, types of Communication- diagonal, downward, upward, horizontal
communication. Importance of effective communication, manners and etiquettes in communication,
stages of communication, ideation, encoding, transmission, decoding, response, general communication,
technical communication. , barriers to effective communication, Listening skill, speaking skill, Reading
skill, writing skill.

Work Unit 2- Organization and Listening Comprehension in Communication:

Spatial organization, chronological organization, order of increasing and decreasing importance, styles of
communication, accuracy, brevity, clarity, objectivity, impersonal language, professional speaking ability,
listening process, hearing and listening, types of listening- superficial, appreciative, focused, evaluative,
attentive, empathetic. Barriers to listening- physical, psychological, linguistic, cultural. Speech decoding,
oral discourse analysis, effective listening strategies, listening in conversational interaction, listening to
structured talks, pre-listening analysis, predicting, links between different parts of the speech, team
listening, listening and notes taking.

Work Unit 3- Speaking Skills:

The speech process, message, audience, speech style, feedback, conversation and oral skills, fluency and
self expression, body language phonetics and spoken english, speaking techniques, word stress, correct
stress patterns, voice quality, correct tone, types of tones, Job interview, interview process, characteristics,
of the job interview, pre-interview preparation techniques, interview questions and answers, positive
image projection techniques. Group discussion- characteristics, subject knowledge, oral and leadership
skills, team management, strategies, individual contribution. Presentation skills-planning,preparation,
organization, delivery.

Work Unit 4- Reading and language skills:

The reading process, purpose, different kinds of texts, reference material, scientific and technical texts,
active and passive reading, strategies-vocabulary skills, eye reading and visual perception,, prediction
techniques, scanning skills, distinguishing facts and opinions, drawing inferences and conclusions,
comprehension of technical material- scientific and technical texts, instructions and technical manuals,
graphic information. Note making- tool for study skills, topicalising, organization and sequencing.
Summarizing and paraphrasing.

Work Unit 5 - Referencing and Writing skills:

Methods of referencing, book references, user guides, references for reports, journal references,
magazines and news papers, unpublished sources, internet references, explaining and elucidating.
Writing skills - Sentence structure, sentence coherence, emphasis. Paragraph writing. letter writing skills -
form and structure, style and tone. Inquiry letters, Instruction letters, complaint letters, Routine business
letters, Sales letters.
Work Unit 6 – Reports, Resumes and Job Applications:
Types of reports, information and analytical reports, oral and written reports, formal and non formal
reports, printed forms, letter and memo format, manuscript format, proposals, technical articles, journal
articles and conference papers, review and research articles.
E-mails, Business Memos, Employment Communication- resume design, resume style,

Reference Book:

1. ‘Effective Technical Communication’ by M Ashraf Rizvi, Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Company Ltd.
2. Basic Managerial Skills for all’ E. H. McGrath, Eastern Economy Edition, Prentice
hall India.
3. ‘Developing Communication Skills’ Krishna Mohan, Meera Banerji, McMillan India
Ltd.
4. ‘Principles and Practice of management’ Dr. P. C. Shejwalkar, Dr. Ghanekar and Dr.
Bhivapathaki, Everest publishing House
 Semester III: Power Plant Engineering

Unit 01 Fuels and Combustion: Thermodynamic cycle of steam flow; Rankine

cycle; Actual Rankine cycle; Reheat cycle; Carnot cycle, heat rate.
Classification of fuels; calorific value and its determination; combustion
chemistry; Bomb calorimeter; Boy’s gas calorimeter; combustion equation;
stoichiometric air fuel ratio; excess air requirement; actual air fuel ratio;
flue gas analysis; pulverized coal firing system; fluidized bed combustion.

Unit 02 Thermal Power Plants:

Types of boilers, Feed water and its treatment, Steam turbine and
alternators.
Site selection, Main parts and its working.
Fuel Handling: delivery of load, unloading, preparation, transfer, outdoor
(dead) storage, indoor (live) storage, In plant Handling, Coal weighing.
Ash disposal and dust collation: Draught systems, electrostatic
precipitator
Prospectus and development of thermal plants in India

Unit 03 Hydro Power Plant:

Site selection, Hydrology, storage and pondage, general arrangements and
operation of hydro power plant, Hydraulic turbines, turbine size, pelton
wheel turbine, Francis and Kaplan turbines, selection of turbines, Dams,
Spillways, gates, intake and out take works, canals and layout of
penstocks, water hammer and surge tank, simple numerical on
hydrographs and number of turbine required
Prospectus and development of hydro plants in India

Unit 04 Nuclear power plant:

Introduction, atomic physics, nuclear reaction, materials, site selection,
nuclear reactors and working of each part, classification of nuclear reactor,
, nuclear waste disposal, plant layout, Prospectus and development of
nuclear plants in India
Diesel Power Plants:
Introduction, Site selection, Main components and its working, Diesel plant
efficiency and heat balance, choice and characteristic of diesel power plant.

Unit 05 Gas power plant:

Simple gas turbine power plant, methods to improve thermal efficiency,
open loop and closed loop cycle power plants, gas fuels, gas turbine
materials, plant layout.
Non-conventional power plant:
Sources, MHD plants, solar energy, fuel cells, tidal power generation,
geothermal power generation , wind power stations, Prospectus and
development of non conventional power plants in India
Comparison of all power plants
Unit 06 Economics Aspects of Power Generation:
Introduction, terms commonly used in system operations, factors affecting
cost of generation, reduction of cost by interconnecting generators, choice
of size and number of generator units, Input output curves of thermal and
hydropower plants, Incremental fuel rate curves, incremental fuel cost
curve, constrints on economic generation, economic loading of generators,
load allocation among various generators, base load and peak load plants.

Practicals: The term work shall consist of a record of any eight of the following:

1. Study of boiler mounting and accessories.

2. Study of modern thermal power plant.
3. Demonstration and study on diesel engine.
4. Demonstration and study on diesel power plant.
5. Study of modern hydro electric power plant.
6. Demonstration and study of solar photo voltaic system.
7. Demonstration and study of any water turbine.
8. Demonstration and study of a centrifugal pump.
9. Demonstration and study of a pelton wheel turbine, Francis and Kaplan turbines.

Text Books
1. P. K. Nag : Power Plant Engineering ,Tata McGraw Hil
2. Dr. P. C. Sharma: Power Plant Engineering ,
3. Chakrabarti, Soni, Gupta, Bhatnagar ”A text book on power system Engineering” Dhanpat
Rai publication
4. R.K.Rajput, “Power Plant Engineering”
5. J B Gupta, , “Power Plant Engineering”

Reference Books
1. Arora and Domkundwar: A course in Power Plant Engineering , Dhapat Rai publication

2. S. P. Sukhatme : Solar Energy

 Semester III: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS – III

SECTION I

Unit I: Linear Differential Equations (LDE)

Solution of nth order LDE with Constant Coefficients, Method of Variation of Parameters, Cauchy’s &
Legendre’s DE, Solution of Simultaneous & Symmetric Simultaneous DE, Modeling of Electrical Circuits.

Unit II: Complex Variables

(09 Hours)
Functions of Complex Variables, Analytic Functions, C-R Equations, Conformal Mapping, Bilinear
Transformation, Cauchy’s Theorem, Cauchy’s Integral Formula, Laurent’s Series, Residue Theorem

Unit III: Transforms

Fourier Transform (FT): Complex Exponential Form of Fourier Series, Fourier Integral Theorem, Sine
& Cosine Integrals, Fourier Transform, Fourier Sine and Cosine Transform and their Inverses,
Application to Wave Equation.
Introductory Z-Transform (ZT): Definition, Standard Properties, ZT of Standard Sequences and their
Inverses. Solution of Simple Difference Equations.

SECTION II

Unit IV: Statistics and Probability

Measures of Central Tendency, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Variation, Moments, Skewness and
Kurtosis, Correlation and Regression, Reliability of Regression Estimates
Theorems and Properties of Probability, Probability Density Function, Probability Distributions:
Binomial, Poisson, Normal and Hypergometric; Test of Hypothesis: Chi-Square test.

Unit V: Vector Differential Calculus

Physical Interpretation of Vector Differentiation, Vector Differential Operator, Gradient, Divergence
and Curl, Directional Derivative, Solenoidal, Irrotational and Conservative Fields, Scalar Potential,
Vector Identities.

Unit VI: Vector Integral Calculus

Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Work-done, Green’s Lemma, Gauss’s Divergence Theorem, Stoke’s
Theorem, Applications to Problems in Electro-Magnetic Fields.

Text Books:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Peter V. O'Neil (Cengage Learning).
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig (Wiley Eastern Ltd.).

Reference Books:
1. Engineering Mathematics by B.V. Raman (Tata McGraw-Hill).
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 2e, by M. D. Greenberg (Pearson Education).
3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wylie C.R. & Barrett L.C. (McGraw-Hill, Inc.)
4. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B. S. Grewal (Khanna Publication, Delhi).
5. Applied Mathematics (Volumes I and II) by P. N. Wartikar & J. N. Wartikar
(Pune Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan, Pune).
6. Advanced Engineering Mathematics with MATLAB, 2e, by Thomas L. Harman, James Dabney and
Norman Richert (Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning).
 Semester III: Material Science

Unit 01 A) Dielectric Properties of Insulating Materials: Static Field ,Dielectric

Parameters [Dielectric constant, Dipole moment, Polarization,
Polarizability], Mechanisms of Polarizations-Electronic, Ionic and
Orientational Polarization (Descriptive treatment only), Clausius Mossotti
Equation, Piezo-Electric, Pyro-Electric & Ferro-Electric Materials, Dielectric
Loss and loss Tangent.
B) Optical Properties of Materials & Cells used for Power Generation:
Photo-Conductivity, Photo-Electric Emission, Photo-Voltaic cells [Materials
Used, Construction, Equivalent Circuit, Working and Application], Photo-
Conductive cells, Photo-Emissive cells

Unit 02 A) Insulating Materials, Properties & Application:

Introduction, Characteristics of Good Insulating Material, Classification,
Solid Insulating Materials-Paper Press Board, Fibrous Materials, Ceramics,
Mica & Asbestos. Liquid Insulating Materials such as Transformer Oil,
varnish , Askarel, Insulating Gases like Air, SF6, Insulating Materials for
Power & Distribution Transformers, Rotating Machines, Capacitors,
Cables, Line Insulators and Switchgears
B) Dielectric Breakdown: Introduction, Concept of Primary & Secondary
Ionization of Gases(Descriptive treatment only), Breakdown Voltage,
Breakdown Strength, Factors affecting Breakdown Strengths of Gaseous,
Liquid and Solid Dielectric Materials. Breakdown in Vacuum.

Unit 03 Magnetic Materials:

Introduction, Magnetic Parameters [ Permeability, Magnetic Susceptibility,
Magnetization], Classification of Magnetic Materials, Diamagnetism, Para-
magnetism, Ferro-magnetism, Ferri-magnetism, Ferro-magnetic behavior
below Critical Temperature, Spontaneous Magnetization & Curie-Weiss
law, Anti-ferromagnetism, Ferrites, Applications of Ferro-magnetic
Materials, Magnetic materials for Electric Devices such as Transformer
Core , Core of Rotating Machines, Soft Magnetic Materials, Hard Magnetic
Materials, Magnetic Recording Materials, Compact Discs

Unit 04 Conducting Materials:

General Properties of Conductor, Electrical Conducting Materials - Copper,
Aluminum and its applications, Materials of High & Low Resistivity -
Constantan, Nickel-Chromium Alloy, Tungsten, Canthal, Silver & Silver
alloys ,Characteristics of Copper Alloys (Brass & Bronze), Materials used
for Lamp Filaments, Transmission Lines, Electrical Carbon Materials,
Material used for Solders, Metals & Alloys for different types of Fuses,
Thermal Bimetal & Thermocouple
Unit 05 Nanotechnology:
Introduction, Concepts of Energy bands & various Conducting Mechanism
in Nano-structures, Carbon Nano-structures, Carbon Molecules, Carbon
Clusters, Carbon Nano-tubes, Applications of Carbon Nano-tubes, Special
Topics in Nano Technology such as Single Electron Transitor , Molecular
Machines, BN Nanotubes, Nano wires.

Unit 06 Testing Of Materials:

1. Measurement of Tangent of Dielectric Loss Angle (tan δ) by Schering
Bridge-IS 13585-1994
2. Measurement of Dielectric Strength of Solid Insulating Material-IS 2584
3. Measurement of Dielectric Strength of Liquid Insulating Material -IS
6798
4. Measurement of Dielectric Strength of Gaseous Insulating Material -IS
2584
5. Measurement of P.F. and partial discharge of high voltage cables.
6. Testing of high voltage bushing.
7. Measurement of Flux Density by Gauss-meter

List of Experiments:

At least two experiments should be designed by the faculty members and can be included in
the term work apart from the experiment list given below. SIX experiments from the list below
and remaining two from the experiments designed and set up by the faculty member will form
part of term work.

1. To measure electric strength of solid insulating materials as per IS 2584

2. To measure electric strength of liquid insulating materials as per IS 6798.
3. To measure electric strength of gaseous insulating materials using Sphere Gap-Unit.
4. To obtain Hysteresis Loop of the Ferro-Magnetic Material.
5. To understand the principle of thermocouple & to obtain characteristics of different
thermocouples.
6. To measure Insulation Resistance & KVAr capacity of power capacitor.
7. To measure Resistivity of High Resistive Alloys.
8. To observe development of tracks due to ageing on different insulating materials e.g.
Bakelite, Perspex, Mica, Micanite, Fiberglass etc.
9. Testing of Cables as per IS 6380, 6474.
10. Measurement of Tangent of Dielectric Loss Angle (tan δ) by Schering Bridge
11. Measurement of Flux Density by Gauss-meter

Industrial Visits: Minimum one visit should be arranged to an industry related to material
science. A hand written report should be submitted by every student as part of term work.

Text Books:
1. A Course in Electrical Engineering Materials by S. P. Seth, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, Delhi -6.
2. Electrical Engineering Materials, T.T.T.I, Madras
3. Electrical Engineering Materials by K. B. Raina & S. K. Bhattacharya, S. K. Kataria & Sons,
Delhi-06.
4. Nanotechnology - A gentle introduction to next big idea by Mark Ratner & Daniel Ratner,
Pearson Education
5. Introduction to Nanotechnology by Charles P. Poole, Jr. Frank & J. Ownes (Wiley Student
Edition)
6. Introductioin to Nano Science & Technology – Chattopadhyay – PHI Publication
7. Material Science for Electrical Engineering by P.K. Palanisamy, Scitech Pub.(India) Pvt. Ltd.,
Chennai

Reference Books:
1. Electrical Power Capacitors-Design & Manufacture by D. M. Tagare, Tata McGraw Hill
Publication.
2. Electrical Engineering Materials by S. P. Chalotra & B. K. Bhatt, Khanna Publishers, Nath
Market, Delhi-06
3. Electrical Engineering Materials by C. S. Indulkar & S. Thiruvengadam, S. Chand &
Com.Ltd, New Delhi -55
4. Introduction to Material Science for Engineering by James F. Shackelford, M.K. Muralidhara,
Pearson Education, Sixth Edition.
 Semester III: Analog and Digital Electronics

Unit 01 BJT amplifier with reference to operational analysis of CE, CB and CC

configuration, their input-output characteristics, AC-DC load line analysis,
Class A, amplifier. Multistage BJT amplifier-direct, RC coupled and
transformer coupled, Darlington pair, Push-Pull amplifier and differential
amplifier FET-construction, Parameters, Characteristics.

Unit 02 Op- Amp : Block diagrams of 741 and 324 , ideal and practical parameters
open loop and close loop configuration of Op-Amp. Applications of Op-
Amp, Integrator, differentiator, Comparator, Schmitt trigger,
instrumentation amplifier, precision rectifiers, zero crossing detectors, V-I
and I-V converters

Unit 03 Waveform generation using Op-amp - sine, square, saw tooth and triangular
generator, peak detector, IC 555 –construction, working and modes of operation
- astable, monostable and multivibrators, Sequence generator, voltage regulators
using ICs Viz. 78xx, 79xx, LM 317, Active filters-Its configuration with frequency
response, Analysis of first order low pass and high pass filters

Unit 04 Numbering Systems and Boolean algebra- numbering systems-binary,

octal, decimal and hexadecimal and their conversion, codes-BCD, Grey
and excess3, Binary arithmetic:- addition and subtraction by 1’s and 2’s
compliment.
Revision of logic gates, Booleans algebra, De-morgon’s theory etc. K-map: -
structure for two, three and four variables, SOP and POS form reduction
of Boolean expressions by K-map 1-bit comparator analysis using K-map

Unit 05 Flip flops – R-S, Clocked S-R, D latches, Edge triggered D flip-flops, Edge
triggered JK flip flops, JK Master - slave flip flop, Registers and Counters,
Buffer registers, shift registers, controlled shift registers, asynchronous
counters,
synchronous counter, twisted ring counters, N - module counters.

Unit 06 Multiplexer, Demultiplexer using K-map, ADC, Dual slope SAR,

DAC-binary weighted, ladder type, Memories: RAM-static& dynamic,
ROM, PROMS and EPROMS , EEPROMS detailing.

Lab Experiments:

Minimum 10 experiments to be conducted.

1. Transistor amplifiers: frequency response of BJT, multistage BJT amplifier and FET
amplifier.
2. Op-amp as square, sine and triangular wave generator.
3. Op-amp as ZCD, Comparator and Schmitt trigger.
4. Instrumentation amplifier using 3 - op amp CMR measurement and precision rectifier
5. IC-555 applications- astable, monostable, sequence counter.
6. Study and verify shift register operation (IC 7495) and application of 7495 as pseudo
random no. generation
7. Voltage regulation of IC VR 78xx, 79xx and LM317
8. Study of counters, ring counter and twisted ring counter.
9. A to D and D to A converter using ADC 0809 and DAC 0808.
10. Study of up - down counters (IC 74192/74193) and N- modulo counter. (IC 7490/7493).
11. Study of various flip-flops and verification of truth table.
12. Study of Multiplexer and Demultiplexer.
13. Study of active filters- Low pass and high pass filters.

Text Books:

1. Fundamentals of Logic Design by Charles H. Roth, Jr. Forth Edition, A

Jaico Book.
2. Digital Computer Electronics - An Introduction to Microcomputers by
Malvino, Tata McGraw Hill
3. Electronics Devices & Circuits by Mottershed, PHI New Delhi
4. Digital Electronics by R. P. Jain, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
5. Digital Electronics-Principles and Application-Tokheim 6th edition, Tata McGraw Hill,
New Delhi.
6. Introduction to Electronics for Engineers and Scientists by Raja Raman, Vishwanathan
and Mehata.
References Books:

1. Operational Amplifier by Gaikwad R. PHI New Delhi

2. Integrated Circuits by K. R. Botkar, Khanna Publication, New Delhi.
3. Operational Amplifier and Linear Integrated Circuits Theory and
Application by James M. Flore, A Jaico Books
 Semester III: Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation

Unit 01 A) Measurement and Instrumentation theory: Characteristics of

measuring instruments: Static and dynamic, accuracy, linearity, speed of
response, dead zone, repeatability, resolution, span, reproducibility, drifts.
Need for calibration, standards and their classification. Block diagram of
generalized instrumentation system. Classification of measuring
instruments - Absolute and secondary instruments, types of secondary
instruments: indicating, integrating, and recording, analog / digital.

B) Essentials of indicating instruments: deflecting, controlling and

damping systems. Construction, working, torque equation, various
advantages and disadvantages of MI (attraction and repulsion), and
PMMC.

(a) C) Ammeter and Voltmeter theory: Extension of range of ammeters and

voltmeters using shunt, multiplier. Universal shunt, Universal multiplier.
Block diagram and operation of digital ammeters and voltmeters in brief.

Unit 02 A) Measurement of Resistance :

Measurement of low, medium and high resistance. Kelvin’s Double Bridge,
Ammeter-Voltmeter method, Megger, Earth tester for earth resistance
measurement, measurement of insulation
resistance when power is ON.

B) A.C. Bridges: Introduction, sources & detectors for a.c. bridge, general
equation for bridge at balance. Measurement of Inductance: Maxwell’s
Inductance & Maxwell’s Inductance – Capacitance Bridge, Andersons
Bridge.
Measurement of Capacitance: Shearing Bridge.

Unit 03 A)Wattmeter theory and measurement of power: Construction, working,

torque equation, errors and their compensation,
advantages/disadvantages of dynamometer type wattmeter, low power
factor wattmeter, poly-phase wattmeter. Power measurement in three
phase system.
Power measurement in three phase system for balanced and unbalanced
load using three wattmeter method, two wattmeter method. Modification
of two wattmeter method by single wattmeter & two way switch,
measurement of reactive power, determination of power factor of the load
and its nature in terms of two wattmeter readings

B) Special purpose measuring instruments:

Block diagram and operation of digital meters: Power factor meter,
frequency meter, Power analyzer, tri-vector meter, TOD meter, multi
meter.
Unit 04 A) Energy meter theory: Construction, working, torque equation, errors
and adjustments of single phase conventional (induction type) energy
meter, Block diagram and operation of electronic energy meter. Three-
phase energy meters.

B) Instrument Transformers: Construction, connection of CT & PT in the

circuit, advantages of CT / PT over shunt and multipliers for range
extension, transformation ratio, turns ratio, nominal ratio, burden etc, ratio
and phase angle error. (No derivation of formulae is expected)

Unit 05 A) Oscilloscope: Introduction, various parts, front panel controls, block

diagram of dual trace and dual beam CRO, use of CRO for measurement of
voltage, current, period, frequency, phase angle & frequency by lissajous
pattern.

B) Transducers: Introduction, classification, basic requirements, types:

Resistive, inductive, Capacitive (brief treatment only), advantages of
electrical transducers.

C) Pressure measurement: Introduction, classification of pressure as low /

medium / high, absolute / guage / vacuum, static / dynamic & head
pressure.
high pressure measurement using electric methods, low pressure
measurement by McLeod guage and pirani gauge, capacitive pressure
transducer.

Unit 06 A)Flow measurement: Introduction, types of flow, flow measurement

methods / meters: Nozzle, Orifice, Venturi-meter, Pitot tube, Rotameter,
electromagnetic flow meter, ultrasonic flow meter, hot wire meter

B) Level measurement: Introduction and importance of level measurement,

level measurement methods: mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical,
nucleonic, ultrasonic.

C) Displacement measurement: LVDT – construction, working,

application, null voltage, specifications, advantages / disadvantages, effect
of frequency on performance. RVDT. Strain Gauge: Introduction,
definition of strain, types of strain gauge: Wire strain gauge, foil strain
gauge, semiconductor strain gauge etc; their construction, working,
advantages and disadvantages. Construction, working and application of
load cell.

List of Experiments:
The term work shall consist of any 8 experiments from above list, out of which last experiment
is compulsory.

1. Measurement of power in three phase circuit using two wattmeter method (Balanced &
Unbalanced Loads)
2. Measurement of Reactive power in three phase balanced circuit using one wattmeter
method and by one wattmeter method with two way switch.
3. Calibration of Single phase or Three phase static energy meter at different power factors
using Digital meters.
4. Measurement of Low resistance using Kelvin’s Double Bridge.
5. Measurement of inductance using Anderson’s Bridge.
6. Earth resistance measurement by Earth Tester.
7. Electrical methods for measurement of liquid level.
8. Displacement measurement by LVDT.
9. Determination of characteristics of various pressure Transducers.
10. Extension of instrument range: ammeter, voltmeter, watt meter using CT / PT.
11. Measurement of power in three phase four wire using three CTs and Two wattmeters.
12. Study and use of CRO for measurement of Current, Voltage, Time period, Frequency,
Phase angle.

Text Books:

1. A Course in Electrical and Electronic measurements & Instrumentation – by A. K.

Sawhaney, Dhanpat Rai & Suns
2. A Course in Electronic and Electronic measurements by J. B. Gupta, S. K. Kataria & Sons.
3. Instrumentation: Measurement and Analysis by Nakra & Chaudhari Sixth Reprint, Tata
McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
4. Mechanical and Industrial Measurements by R. K. Jain, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.

Reference Books:

1. Electrical measurement & measuring instrument by E. W. Golding & widing, Fifth

edition, A. H. Wheeler & Co. ltd.
2. Electonic measurement and instrumentation by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Khanna Publisher,
New Delhi.
3. Introduction to Measurements and instrumentation by Ghosh, Second Edition PHI
Publication.
4. Introduction to Measurements and instrumentation by Anand PHI Publication.
 Semester III: Modern Manufacturing Techniques

TERM WORK

A. Following termwork should be covered by giving demonstration of different machine

tools and metrology instruments.

1. Study and working of machine tools - Lathe, milling and drilling etc.

2. Study of casting process.

3. Study of welding and joining processes.

4. Study of metrology and measuring instruments such as

i) Linear use of micrometer/ vernier/ dial gauge,

ii) Angular use of sine bar and slip gauges,

iii) Surface roughness measurement.

Students should submit assignments based on the above topics

B. Term work consisting of job on following processes:

1. Plain and taper turning : 1 job

2. Welding / Soldering : 1 job

3. Sheet metal working : 1 job

Sketches of jobs along with operation sequence should be submitted by each student

List of Books:

1. Manufacturing Technology by P.N.Rao., Volume I & II

2. Workshop Technology by Hazara Choudhary, Volume I & II

3. Engineering Metrology by R.K.Jain.

 Semester IV: Power System-I

Unit 01 A) Load curve , load duration curve, different factors connected with

generating stations such as load factor, demand factor, diversity factor,

plant capacity factor, annual plant use factor. Concept of base load and
peak load stations and interconnected operation. Fitting of available
stations into the area load duration curve.
B) Tariff : Residential, commertial, H.T., L.T. Time of Day tariff, Incentives
and penalties.

Unit 02 A) Major Electrical equipments in Power Stations : Descriptive treatment

of ratings, Special features, field of use of equipments like alternators,
transformers, bus-bars exciters and excitation systems, voltage regulators,
switches and isolators, reactors, carrier current equipments (P.L.C.C.),
Control panels, metering and other control room equipments in generating
stations.
B) Overhead line insulators : Types of insulators, pin type, suspension
type, strain type insulators, voltage distribution along string of suspension
insulators, string efficiency, Equalization of potential across each unit.

Unit 03 Constants of Transmission Line : Inductance, Resistance of line, skin effect

and its effects, proximity effect, inductance of single phase two wire line,
flux linkage of one conductor of one group, inductance of composite
conductor line , concept of G.M.R. and G.M.D., inductance of three phase
line with equilateral spacing, inductance of parallel circuit three phase
line, three phase line with equilateral spacing, unsymmetrical spacing,
double circuit three phase line, Calculation of inductance to be done with
and without transposition.

Unit 04 Constants of Transmission line: capacitance: Concept of G.M.R. and

G.M.D for capacitance calculations, capacitance of three phase line with
equilateral spacing, capacitance of parallel circuit three phase line with
equilateral spacing, unsymmetrical spacing, double circuit three phase line,
capacitance of single phase line with earth effect and without effect of
earth’s surface on electric field, calculation of capacitance to be done with
and without transposition.

Unit 05 A) Circuit Representation of Lines and generalized Circuit Constants :

Classification of lines based on length as short, medium and long lines.
Ferranti Effect Representation of lines as ‘Pi’ and ‘Tee’ circuits using R,L
and C parameters voltage and current relations for short and medium lines
only. Representation of ‘Tee’ and ‘Pi’ models of lines as two port networks,
evaluation and estimation of ABCD constants for both the models.
B) Long transmission line : Current and voltage relationship, Hyperbolic
equations, equivalence circuit.
Unit 06 A) Mechanical design of overhead lines : Line supports, spacing between
the conductors, length of span, calculation of sag, equal and unequal
supports, effect of ice and wind loadings.
B) Underground Cable : Classification, Construction of cable, XLPE
cables, insulation resistance, capacitance, dielectric stress in single
core/multi core cables, cable faults and location of faults.

Industrial visits :
Minimum one visit to a generating station and/or HV/EHV substations is recommended.

Text Books :
1. A text book on Power System Engineering by A Chakraborty, M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta,
U.S. Bhatnagar,Dhanpat rai & Co., Delhi.
2. Power System Analysis & Design by B.R.Gupta, 4th Reprint, S.Chand Publishing Co.
3. Power System Analysis by W.D. Stevenson, Tata McGraw Hill Publications.
4. Transmission and Distribution by J.B. Gupta, S.K.Kataria & Sons, New Delhi.
5. Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh, Prentice Hall
of India.

Reference Books :
1. Elements of Power Station Design by M.V. Deshpande, Wheeler Publishing.
2. Modern Power System Analysis by I.J. Nagrath and D.P.Kothari, Tata Mc Graw Hill
Publications.
3. Generation and Economic Considerations by J.B.Gupta, S.K.Kataria & Sons, New Delhi.
4. Power System Engineering by Nagrath & Kothari, Tata McGraw Hill Publications.
5. Websites of MERC and MSEDCL
6. Power System Analysis by Arthur R. Bergen. Pearson Education, New Delhi.
 Semester IV: Electrical Machines-I

Prerequisite : Single phase transformer : Constructional details, Arrangement of cores and coils
in shell-type and core type transformers. Material used for magnetic cores, windings and
insulation.

Unit 01 Transformers:
Single phase Transformer :Concept of leakage flux and its effects,
resistance, leakage reactance and leakage impedance of transformer
windings & their effects on voltage regulation and efficiency.
Exact and approximate equivalent circuits referred to either side. General
phasor diagrams on no-load and on load. Various losses in a transformer,
their variation with load. Efficiency, maximum efficiency, transformer
ratings.

Open circuit and short circuit tests, determination of equivalent circuit

parameters from the test data. Polarity test, Determination of voltage
regulation and efficiency from equivalent circuit.

Autotransformers and dimmerstats, their ratings and applications.

Comparison with two winding transformer with respect to saving of
copper and size.

Unit 02 Parallel operation of single phase transformers, conditions to be satisfied,

load sharing under various conditions.
Three phase transformers: Standard connections of three phase
transformers and their suitability for particular applications, voltage
phasor diagrams and phasor groups.

Descriptive treatment of Parallel operation of three phase transformers

Scott connection and V connections. Three winding transformers- tertiary
windings.

Unit 03 D.C. Machine:

Construction, main parts, magnetic system, poles, yoke, field winding,
armature core, typical flux path, Armature winding : Simple lap and
wave winding, commutator and brush assembly.

Generator action, e.m.f equation, magnetization curve , motor action of a

DC machine. Types of DC motors, torque equation, significance of back
e.m.f. working at no-load and on-load. Power flow diagram, losses and
efficiency.
Descriptive treatment of armature reaction.

Unit 04 Characteristics and applications of D.C. Shunt and D.C. Series Motors,
starting of DC motors, study of starters for series and shunt motor, solid
state starters, speed control of various types of DC motors.
Commutation : Process of commutation, time of commutation, reactance
voltage , straight line commutation, commutation with variable current
 density , under and over commutation, causes of bad commutation and
remedies, interpoles, compensating windings .(Descriptive treatment only)

Unit 05 Basic Theory : Production of rotating mmf by 3-phase currents fed to a

symmetrical 3-phase winding.
Construction : Stator & rotor, Stator 3-phase windings.
Types of rotors : Squirrel cage rotor & phase wound rotor. principle of
working, simplified theory with constant air gap flux; slip, frequency of
rotor emf & rotor currents, mmf produced by rotor currents, its speed w.r.t.
rotor & w.r.t. stator, production of torque & torque-slip relation, condition
for maximum torque & expression for the maximum torque, torque-slip
characteristics, effect of rotor resistance on torque-slip characteristics.
Ratios of starting torque, full load torque and maximum torque.

Losses in three phase induction motor, power-flow chart., relation between

rotor input power, rotor copper loss & gross mechanical power developed,
efficiency & condition for maximum efficiency.

Unit 06 Induction motor as a generalized transformer; phasor diagram. Exact &

approximate equivalent circuit; Circle diagram. Tests to determine the
equivalent circuit parameters & for plotting the circle diagram.
Computation of performance characteristics from the equivalent circuit &
from circle diagram. Performance curves.

Necessity of starter for 3-phase induction motor. Starters for slip-ring

induction motors & for cage rotor induction motors ; stator – resistance
starter, auto transformer starter, star delta starter & rotor resistance starter.
D.O.L. starter & soft starting, with their relevant torque and current
relations. Comparison of various starters. Methods of speed control.

Industrial Visit:-
Minimum One visit to a machine manufacturing industry is recommended
List of Experiments :
Note : Any three experiments on transformer, two on D.C. machine and three on Induction
motor.

1. O.C. S.C. test on single phase Transformer.

2. Polarity test on single phase and three phase transformer.
3. Sumpners test on two identical single phase transformers.
4. Parallel operation of two single phase transformers and study of their load sharing under
various conditions of voltage ratios and leakage impedance.
5. Speed control of D.C. Shunt motor and study of starter
6. Brake test on D.C. Shunt motor
7. Load characteristics of D.C. series motor.
8. Swinburne’s test on D.C. shunt Motor.
9. Load test on 3-phase induction motor.
10. No load test & blocked-rotor test on 3-phase induction motor :
(a) Determination of parameters of equivalent circuit
(b) Plotting of circle diagram.
11. Calculation of motor performance from (a) & (b) above.
12. Speed-torque characteristics of 3-phase slip-ring induction motor with different values of
resistances inserted in the rotor circuit.
Text Books :

1. Electrical Technology by Edward Hughes ELBS, Pearson Education.

2. Electrical Machines by Ashfaq Husain
3. Electrical Machine by S. K. Bhattacharya, 2nd Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill publishing co.
Ltd.
4. Electrical Machines by Nagrath & Kothari, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
5. Electrical Machines by Bhag S Guru, Husein R. Hiziroglu, Oxford University Press.
6. Electrical Machines- I and II, K Krishna Reddy, SCITECH Publications (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Chennai

Reference Books :

1. Performance and Design of Direct Current Machines by A.E.Clayton and N.N. Hancock .
CBS Publishers, Third Edition.
2. Electrical Machines by A.E. Fitzgerald, Charles Kingsley, Stephen D.Umans (Tata Mc Graw
Hill Publication Ltd) Fifth Edition.
3. Theory and performance of DC machines by A.S. Langsdorf (Tata Mc Graw Hill)
4. Theory and Performance of AC machines by A.S. Langsdorf (Tata Mc Graw Hill)
5. Performance and Design of AC. Machines by M.G. Say (CBS Publishers and Distributors)
6. Electrical Machines by Smarajit Ghosh (Pearson Education), New Delhi.
7. Electrical Machines Theory, Application, & Control by Charles I Hubert (Pearson
Education, New Dehli Second Edition)
 Semester IV: Network Analysis

Unit 01 Types of Networks: Lumped and distributed linear and nonlinear,

bilateral and unilateral, time variant and time invariant, space variant and
space invariant.
Independent and dependent (controlled) voltage and current sources.
source transformation and shifting.
Network Equations: Network equations on loop basis and node basis,
choice between loop analysis and node analysis. Concept of super node
and super mesh, concept of voltage and current divider, mutual
inductance, dot convention for coupled circuits, Concept of duality and
dual networks.

Unit 02 Superposition, Thevenin, Norton, Reciprocity, Substitution, Compensation,

Millmans theorems applied to electrical networks with all types of sources.

Unit 03 Solutions of differential equations and network equations using Laplace

transform method and classical method for R-L,R-C and R-L-C circuits
(series and parallel),Inverse Laplace transforms, transformed networks
with initial conditions.
Analysis of electrical circuits with applications of step, pulse, impulse &
ramp functions, shifted & singular functions the convolution integral.
Laplace transforms various periodic and non periodic waveforms
application of Laplace transforms.

Unit 04 A) Two Port Network: Z, Y, H and transmission parameters, Inter-

relations between parameters.
B) Input power, Power transfer and Insertion loss: Energy and power,
Effective or Root-Mean –Square values, Average power and complex
power, Problems in Optimizing power transfer, Insertion Loss

Unit 05 Fourier Analysis and Filters: The Fourier series, Evaluation of Fourier
coefficients, symmetry considerations, exponential form of Fourier series,
steady state response to periodic signals. Introduction to passive filters,
low pass filters, high pass filters and by-pass filters and mentioned filter
design.

Unit 06 Network Functions: Poles and Zeros: Terminal pairs or ports, network
functions for the one port and two port, The calculation of network
functions ,ladder networks, general networks. Poles and zeros of network
functions, Restrictions on poles and zeros locations for transfer functions,
Time –domain behavior from the pole and zero plot .Stability of active
networks
List of Practical :
Any four experiments from the first five of the following and any four experiments from
rest of the list. (Minimum four experiments should be based on simulation software
PSPICE/MATLAB along with hardware verification)

1. Verification of Superposition theorem in A.C. circuits.

2. Verification of Thevenin’s theorem in A.C. circuits.
3. Verification of Reciprocity theorem in A.C. circuits.
4. Verification of Millman’s theorem.
5. Determination of time response of R-C circuit to a step D.C. voltage input. (Charging and
discharging of a capacitor through a resistor)
6. Determination of time response of R-L circuit to a step D.C. voltage input. (Rise and decay
of current in an inductive circuit)
7. Determination of time response of R-L-C series circuit to a step D.C. voltage input.
8. Determination of parameter of two port network.
9. Harmonic analysis of no load current of a transformer.
10. Determination of resonance, bandwidth and Q factor of R-L-C series circuit.
11. Determination of resonance of R-L-C Parallel circuit.

Text Book
1. “Network Analysis” by M. E. Van Valkenburg. Third Edition, Prentice Hall of India Private
Limited.
2. Network Theory by N. C. Jagan, C. Lakshminarayana, Second Edition, BSP Publication.
3. Network Analysis & Synthesis – G. K. Mittal, Khanna Publication.
4. Introduction to Electric Circuits by Richard C. Dirof, James A. Svoboda, Sixth Edition,
Wiley.
5. Introduction to Electric Circuits -Alexander & Sadiku.
6. Introduction to Electric Circuits –S Charkarboorty.
7. Fundamentals of Electrical Networks- B.R.Gupta & Vandana Singhal – S.Chand
Publications
8. Electrical Circuit Analysis by P. Rameshbabu, Scitech PublicationIndia Pvt Ltd, Second
Edition
Reference Books:

1. Network Analysis by Cramer McGraw Hill Publication.

2. “Engineering Circuit Analysis” by William H. Hayt, Jr. Jack E. Kemmerly, McGraw Hill.
3. “Introduction to Circuit Analysis” by Bolylestad Robert L.
4. Electric Circuits and Networks by K.S. Suresh Kumar, Pearson Education
5. Network Analysis, N.C. Jagan, Second Edition, BS Publication, Hydrabad.
 Semester IV: Digital Computation Techniques

Unit 01 Introduction: Basic principle of numerical methods and necessity of

computers for high speed calculations. Floating point algebra with
normalized floating point technique, Significant digits.
Errors: Different types of errors, causes of occurrence and remedies to
minimize them.
Numerical instability in computations.
Concept of roots of an equation and methods to find the same. Descartes’
rule of signs, Sturm’s theorem.
Solution of Polynomial Equations using - Synthetic division, Birge-Vieta
and Lin-Bairstow methods.

Unit 02 Solution of Transcendental and Polynomial Equations : Bisection, Secant,

Regula-Falsi, Chebyshev and Newton-Raphson methods, Newton-
Raphson method for two variables and complex roots

Unit 03 Solution of Linear Algebraic Simultaneous Equations : Direct methods -

Gauss and Gauss-Jordan elimination methods, concept of pivoting.
Iterative methods – Jacobi and Gauss Seidal methods. Matrix inversion by
Gauss Elimination and Gauss-Jordan methods.

Unit 04 Interpolation :Difference operators, Introduction to interpolation -

Newton’s forward, backward, central (Stirling and Bessel) and divided
difference formulae Lagrange’s interpolation.
Curve Fitting using Least square approximation – First order and second
order.

Unit 05 Solution of ordinary differential equations : Euler’s, Modified Euler’s

methods.
Taylor’s series method, Runge-Kutta second and fourth order methods.
Milne-Simpson Predictor-Corrector method
Unit 06 Numerical Integration : Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules as special cases
of Newton-Cote’s quadrature technique.
Numerical Differentiation : Lagrangian and Newton-Gregory
polynomials.

TEXT BOOKS :
1. Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering Computations – M. K. Jain / S.
R.K.Iyangar / R. K. Jain
2. Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis – S. S. Sastry.
3. Calculus of Finite Difference and Numerical Analysis – Gupta / Malik.
4. Numerical Methods for Engineers by Steven Chapra, Raymond P. Canale – Tata McGraw
Hill Publication.
5. Numerical Methods, second edition, S. Arumugan, A. Thangapandi Isaac, A.
Somasundaram, SCITECH Publications (India) Pvt. Ltd.
6 Programming with ANSI and Turbo C, by Ashok N. Kamthe, Pearson Education, New Delhi
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Numerical Mathematical Analysis – J. B. Scarborough.
2. Numerical Methods with Programs in C and C++ - T. Veerarajan and T. Ramchandran -
Tata McGraw Hill Publication.
3. Numerical Methods – E. Balgurusamy - Tata McGraw Hill Publication.
 Semester IV: Computer Programming

Revision: Basics of ‘C’ language - Data types, Operator precedence, ‘if-

else’ and nested ‘if-else’ statements, ‘for, while and do-while’ statements
etc.

Unit 01 Arrays: Introduction, one and two dimensional arrays. Features of C

preprocessor, Macro expansion directives, File inclusion directives and
compiler control directives.

Unit 02 Functions: Function declaration and prototypes. Local and Global

variables, Types of functions – call by value, call by reference.

Unit 03 Pointers: Introduction, declaring and initializing pointers, pointer

expressions, pointer and arrays, pointers and functions

LAB PRACTICE:

Term work shall consists of minimum eight computer programs in C or C++ language with
flow charts and results based on syllabus of Digital Computational Techniques.
1. Minimum one program based on following methods of finding solution of Transcendental
/ polynomial equations –
a. Bisection method
b. Secant method
c. Regula-Falsi method
d. Newton –Raphson Method
2. Minimum one program based on following methods of finding solution of Polynomial
equations –
a. Birge Vieta method
b. Lin Bairstow’s method
3. Minimum one program based on following methods of solution of system of linear
simultaneous equations –
a. Gauss Elimination method
b. Gauss Seidal method / Jacobi method
c. Matrix Inversion using Gauss Jordan
d. Newton-Raphson method for two variables
4. Minimum one program based on following interpolation methods –
a. Newton’s Forward Difference formula
b. Newton’s Backward Difference formula
c. Newton’s Divided Difference formula
5. Minimum one program based on following interpolation methods –
a. Lagrange’s Interpolation method
b. Bessel’s or Stirling’s method using central difference formula
c. Curve Fitting using Least square approximation method.
6. Minimum one program based on following methods of Numerical Integration –
a. Trapezoidal Rule
b. Simpson’s 1/3rd Rule
c. Simpson’s 3/8th Rule
7. Minimum one program based on following methods for solution of Ordinary Differential
equation –
a. Modified Euler method
b. Runge-Kutta method (4th order)
8. Program based on Milne – Simpson’s method for solution of Ordinary Differential
equation
 Semester IV: Microprocessor Fundamentals and Programming

Unit 01 Architecture of 8085, Memory interfacing, Addressing modes, Instruction

set

Unit 02 Assembly language programming, timing diagrams, stack operations,

Interrupt structure, concept of lookup table.

Unit 03 Parallel Data transfer scheme (Synchronous, asynchronous, interrupt

driven, polling type). Concepts in serial Communication, standards RS232,
PCI 8251-Asynchronous mode.

Unit 04 Study, interfacing and programming of

a) PPI 8255- mode 0,1, BSR mode
b) PIT 8254- Mode 0,1,2

Unit 05 Study of ADC 0809, DAC 0808

Applications of 8085
1. Measurement of Voltage
2. Measurement of Current
3. Measurement of Power factor
4. Measurement of frequency
5. Measurement of Energy

Unit 06 Applications of 8085 :

1. Control of stepper motor
2. Control of DC motor
3. Temperature measurement
4. Speed Measurement
5. Flow measurement
6. 7-segment display

List of Experiments:

Experiment 1 is compulsory, out of remaining any 7 experiments.

1. Assembly language Programming (8 experiments minimum)

2. Interfacing of 8255 with 8085
3. Interfacing of 8254 with 8085.
4. Interfacing of 8 bit D/A and A/D converter with 8085.
5. Control of stepper motor using 8085.
6. Control of D.C. motor using 8085.
7. Measurement of temperature using 8085.
8. Measurement of speed using 8085.
9. Interfacing of seven segment LED display with 8085.
Text Books :

1. Fundamentals of Microprocessor and Microcomputer – B.Ram Dhanpat Rai & Sons , New
Delhi.
2. Microprocssor and Peripherals- S.P.Chaudhari, Sucheta Chaudhari SCITECH Publications,
Chennai.

Reference book :

1. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming & Applications- R.S. Gaonkar Wiley Eastern

Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Douglas Hall : microprocessors and interfacing , hardware and programming. Tata
McGraw Hill publication.
3. Liu and Gibson : Microprocessors and Digital systems : Tata McGraw Hill India
 Semester V: Engineering Economics and Management

UNIT -I
Business organizations -Types of business ownership- proprietary firm, partnership firm,
joint stock company, public sector under takings, cooperative society’s, private public
partnership, BOT, BOLT
Introduction to economics -Basic economics concepts- supply, demand, elasticity of
demand, elasticity of supply, law of variable proportion, methods of demand forecasting,
Role of government in macro economics

UNIT -2
Management- Meaning, scope, function, and importance of management. Difference
between administration and management, contribution of F.W.TAYLOR, HENRY
FEYOL, ELTON MAYO, meaning of organization, principles, types of organization
structure.
Current Trends in management- Just-In-Time ( JIT ), SIX SIGMA , Kanban, lean
manufacturing, TQM, ISO Standards, QS and CMM for software companies,
Production and inventory Management-
Plant layout, product layout types, Types of inventory, ABC Analysis, Purchasing and
store keeping Procedures.

UNIT -3
Marketing Management – Marketing function, marketing and selling, marketing
planning, market survey and market research, Online Marketing.
Financial management- Definition of financial management, cost, types of costs, and
methods of costing, price, capital, debit, credit, books of accounts, final accounts,
financial ratios, break even analysis, budget and budget re-control, depreciation, merger
and acquisition.

UNIT -4
Motivation
1.Motivation, human needs ,theories of work motivation, Maslow theory of need
hierarchy, X &Y theory, Herzberg theory.
2.Group dynamics- theories of group formation,types and interactions of
groups,formation of teams,team work, conflicts
3.Leadership, importance, theories and styles, qualities of good leadership.
4. Entrepreneurship-Definition, concept, traits, qualities of entrepreneur
UNIT -5
Human resource management, introduction, importance, scope, HR planning,
recruitment, selection, training and development, performance management.
Industrial Relations and Labour Welfare.
Personality, development of personality, attitude, job satisfaction and organizational
commitment, self development, time and stress management.
Process and principles of learning.
Professional and business ethics.

UNIT -6
Disaster management – Concept, definition, importance and scope-types of disasters,
Preparedness and mitigation of disasters, Government machinery in India for disaster
management, Use of GIS and GPS for disaster management, preparation of disaster
management plan for cases like earthquake, floods, fire, tsunami, fatal road accident,
terrorist attack
Industrial maintenance and TPM, industrial safety and safety measures.

Texts books :
1. O.P. Khanna, industrial engineering and management , Dhanpatrai & Sons, New
Delhi
2. E. H. McGrah, S. J. Basic managerial skill for all
3. Disaster Management text and case studies- DBN Murthy, Deep and deep, 2007,
XXII, ISBN 81-7629-906-5

Reference Books :
1. C. B. Mamoria- Personnel Management
2. Harold Koonz and O D’onnel – Management
3. Philip Kotler- Marketing Management
4. M.Kay Dupont, Business Etiquette & Professionalism, Vira Book Pvt.Ltd
5. Dandi Daly Mackally, Self Development, Vira Book Pvt.Ltd, Mumbai.
6. Susan L. Brock, Better Business Writing Vira Book Pvt. Ltd Mumbai.
7. Robert Heller, Managing Teams, Dorling Kindersley, London.
8. Robert Heller, Communicate Clearly, Dorling Kindersley, London.
9. dale H. Basterfields, TQM Person Education, Delhi.
10. Kelly John M, Total Quality Management, InfoTech Standard, Delhi.
11. Managerial Economics – K. L. Maheshwari
 Semester V: Micro controller and its Applications

Unit 1
Introduction to concept of microcontroller, comparison of Microprocessor and
microcontroller, Comparison of all 8 bit microcontrollers, Intel 8051 microcontroller
architecture, Pin diagram, Memory organization of 8051. Internal structure of I/O ports .

Unit 2
Addressing modes of 8051 Instruction set of 8051, Stack and Stack Related instruction
Data exchange, byte level logical operations, bit level logical operations, rotate and swap
operations, instruction affecting flags, incrementing, decrementing, arithmetic operations,
jump and recall instruction,
Call and subroutines, Stack Organization and stack related instruction,
Assembly language programming of 8051.

Unit 3
Timer ,Counter and its programming. Interrupts and interrupt programming .
Serial communication and its programming.
Study of SPI,I2C Modbus CAN bus MOST Bus ,FLEX RAY Bus Communication
protocols.

Unit 4
Microcontroller development systems, study of simulator, emulator, assemblers,
programmers, cross assembler for microcontrollers. Interfacing of 8051 with external
memory Interfacing of 8051 with 8255 for expanding of I/O, Interfacing of 8051 with
PC through RS232.

Unit 5
Programming and Interfacing of 8051 with 8 bit ADC(0809) , DAC(0808) , Stepper
motor (speed /position) Measurement of physical parameters such as pressure,
temperature flow, level, humidity.

Unit 6
Interfacing of 8051 with Keyboard and LCD
Interfacing of 8051 with single key and matrix(4 x 4 ) Keyboard
Measurement of voltage, current, power(KVA,KVAR,KW), frequency using 8051
Speed control of ac and dc motors, using 8051
List of Experiments:

Note : Experiment No. 1 to 6 are compulsory and any 6 out of experiment number 7 to
15. All experiments should be performed on 89C51 Trainer kit.

1. Study and use of 8051 Microcontroller trainer kit.

2. Assembly Language Program for addition of 8 bit numbers stored in array.
3. Assembly Language Program for Multiplication by successive addition of two 8
bit numbers.
4. Assembly Language Program for finding largest number from a given array of 8
bit numbers
5. Assembly Language program to arrange 8 bit numbers stored in array in
ascending order.
6. Assembly Language Program of conversion of 8 bit numbers.
7. Stepper motor control by 8051 Microcontroller.
8. Interfacing of 8 bit ADC 0809 with 8051 Microcontroller.
9. Interfacing of 8 bit DAC 0800 with 8051 Microcontroller.
10. Implementation of Serial Communication by using 8051 serial ports.
11. Assembly Language Program for use of Timer/Counter for various applications.
12. Programming 8051 using cross assembler.
13. LCD interface with 8051
14. Interfacing of matrix keyboard 7 segment display with 8051
15. Measurement of frequency /Pulse using 8051

Text Books:
1. K. J. Ayala , The 8051 Microcontrollers- Architecture, Programming and
Applications, Peram International Publications
2. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, J.G. Mazidi, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embeded
Systems.
3. Ajay Deshmukh Microcontroller 8051 –TATA McGraw Hill

4. Theagrajan, Microprocessor and Microcontroller , BS Publication

Reference Books.

1. 8051 Microcontroller by Scott Mackenzie –Pearson Education.

2. Intel Microcontroller data book.
3. Intel Corporation 1990- 8 bit embedded controller handbook.
 Semester V: Electrical Machines-II

Unit 1 :
Three phase Synchronous machines, Construction, principle of generator action & motor
action. Rotating-field type & rotating-armature type construction, salient-pole type &
non-salient-pole type construction. Their comparison. Introduction to 3-phase armature
windings, e.m.f. equation & winding factors. Generator on no-load. Effect of balanced
load : effects of armature currents, resistance drop, armature copper loss, leakage flux &
leakage reactance drop & armature reaction m.m.f. Electro-magnetic torque developed.
Losses, power – flow chart & efficiency of generator. Ratings brushless synchronous
generator.
Definition of voltage regulation at a given load. Definition of short-circuit ratio.
Determination of regulation by direct-loading test. Predetermination of regulation of non-
salient-pole alternators by e.m.f. i.e. synchronous impedance method, m.m.f. method,
Potier method. Power- power angle relation for non-salient pole alternators. Operating
chart of alternator.

Unit 2 :
Blondel’s two-reaction theory for salient-pole machines :
Direct-axis & quadrature-axis synchronous reactances, their determination by slip test.
Phasor diagram of Salient-pole alternator & calculation of regulation
Parallel operation of 3-phase alternators :
Load sharing between two alternators in parallel. Parallel-Generator theorem Process of
synchronizing an alternator with infinite bus-bars by lamp methods & by use of
synchroscope. Synchronizing torque, power and current.
Motor action of a synchronous machine; Why a synchronous motor is not self-starting ?
Various methods of starting. Phenomenon of hunting or phase – swinging – its remedies.
Operation of 3-phase Synchronous motor with constant excitation & variable load.
Significance of torque angle, load characteristics Phasor diagram on the basis of
synchronous impedance. Power flow chart , losses. Operation of 3-phase synchronous
motor with a constant mechanical load on its shaft & variable excitation. ‘V’ Curves &
‘inverted V’ (pf) curves.

Unit 3 :
Introduction to synchronous – induction motor.
Applications of 3-ph synchronous motors & comparison of 3 ph synchronous motor with
3-phase induction motor and 3 phase synchronous induction motor.
Speed control of three phase induction motor by V/f and rotor resistance control methods.
Introduction to testing of three phase induction motor as per IS:325 & IS: 4029,IEC
60034-2001.
Action of 3-phase induction motor as an induction generator, applications as induction
generator.
3-phase Induction voltage regulator : construction, principle of working, comparison with
autotransformer & tap-changing transformer.

Unit 4 : Operation of d.c. series motor on a.c. supply, nature of torque developed,
problems associated with a.c. operation.
Plain Series motor : direct & quadrature axis fluxes. Transformer & rotational emfs in the
field winding and the armature winding.
Approximate phasor diagram ( ignoring leakage fluxes, magnetising current & currents in
the short-circuited armature coils ). Circle diagram, performance characteristics from
circle diagram. Drawbacks of plain series motor.
Universal motors : ratings, performance & applications, comparison of their performance
on a.c. & d.c. supply.
Compensated series motor : Compensating winding, conductively & inductively
compensated motor. Use of compoles for improving commutation, connection of
compole winding, shunted compoles. Ratings & applications of Compensated Series
motors.
Unit 5 :
Harmonics in induction motors & synchronous generators, concept of time & space
harmonics, their generation in machines. Effects of these harmonics on the performance
of induction motors and synchronous generators. Remedies to reduce the harmonics.

Special Motors ( Descriptive Treatment Only )

Construction, principle of working, characteristics, ratings & applications of Brushless
d.c. motors, Stepper motors (only permanent and variable reluctances type), Permanent
Magnet motor & linear induction motors.
Unit 6 : Mmf produced by 1-phase stator winding carrying an alternating current. Its
representation by two revolving fields.
Construction of 1-phase induction motor. Equivalent circuit & torque-slip characteristics
on the basis of double revolving field theory. Tests to determine the parameters of
equivalent circuit & calculation of performance characteristics of motor.
Methods to make 1-phase induction motors self-starting. Types of 1-phase induction
motors : Split-phase motors ( resistor split-phase motor, Capacitor-start motor, Capacitor
motor ), Shaded pole motor – their construction, connections, torque-slip characteristics
& applications.
Comparison of 1-phase induction motor with 3-phase induction motor.
Introduction to cross-field theory
 Experiments:
Minimum ten experiments are required to be performed. Experiment number 1 to 7 , 14
are compulsory and any two experiments can be conducted from the remaining list of
experiments.

1. Determination of regulation of cylindrical rotor alternator by following methods

a) EMF method b) MMF method
2. Determination of regulation of cylindrical rotor alternator by Potier method. and
Regulation of alternator by Direct loading.
3. Determination of regulation of salient pole alternator by slip test.
4. V & ∧ V curves of synchronous motor at constant load.
5. No load & blocked-rotor test on a Capacitor-start 1-phase induction motor &
determination of its equivalent circuit parameters.
6. Simulation of performances characteristics of three phase induction motor by any
sowftware.
7. synchronization of three phase alternator by Lamp & Synchroscope methods.
8. Determination of current locus of 3 phase synchronous motor at constant excitation but
varying load.
9. Load test on 1-phase induction motor.
10. Load test on 1-phase series motor.
11. Performance characteristics of single phase series motor using circle diagram.
12. Performance characteristics of stepper motor
13. Study of BIS for standards of energy efficient three phase induction motor
14. speed control of three phase induction motor by V/F method.

Text Books
1. Nagrath & Kothari , Electrical Machines , 2nd Ed.,Tata McGraw Hill.
2. S. K. Bhattacharya, Electrical Machines, Tata McGraw Hill.
3. A.S. Langsdorf, Theory of Alternating Current Machinery , Tata McGraw Hill
4. P. S. Bimbhra, Electric Machinery, Khanna Pub.
5. B.R. Gupta & Vandana Singhal -Fundamentals of Electric Machines, New Age
International (P) Ltd.
6. E.Openshaw Taylor, Performance & design of a.c. commutator motors, Wheeler
Publishing.

Reference Books :
1. M.G. Say , Performance & Design of A.C. Machines ( 3rd Ed.) , ELBS
2. C.G. Veinot, J.E. Martin ,Fractional & sub-fractional kW Motors, McGraw Hill –
International student edition
3. Krishna Reddy –electrical machines vol.I,II,III, SCI Tech publication
 Semester V: Power Electronics

Unit 1 Thyristor Power Devices:

SCR: Static and dynamic Characteristics, specifications (Latching current,
Holding current, dv/dt, di/dt, I2t rating), Two-Transistor Analogy, Gate Characteristics,
Trigering Circuits (R, R-C, UJT), Protection (over voltage, over current, and Thermal),
GTO.

Unit 2 AC to DC Converters (1phase & 3 phase) :

Single phase Converter (mid point, bridge), three phase semi-controlled and fully
controlled bridges with R, R-L and RLE loads. Rectification and Inversion mode of
operation, Concept of overlap Angle and associated Voltage drop calculation. Dual
converter. Selection of transformers and semiconductor devices for Converters.
Numerical for R and RL Load only

Unit 3 AC Voltage Controllers & Protection of Power Circuits

.(a) DIAC, TRIAC- four mode operation, triggering of TRIAC using DIAC; AC Voltage
regulator principle, Single phase & three phase, analysis with R & RL Load, applications
of two stage, three stage & multi stage Voltage Controllers.
(b)Protection of Power Circuit: Protection from over voltage, over current, thermal,
design of snubber circuit .

Unit 4 Transistor Power Devices:

Characteristics, Specifications, Safe Operating Areas (SOA) Protection and
Switching action of Power MOSFET, IGBT, MCT and their control circuit requirement.
Comparison and Area of application of these devices.

Unit 5 DC to DC Converter :
Principle of operation of chopper, classification on the basis of Operating
quadrants. Control techniques: CLC,TRC, PWM and FM Techniques. Analysis of Step
up Chopper and Numericals with RLE load. Areas of application. Necessity of input
filter. Numericals

Unit 6 DC to AC Inverter :
Single phase & three phase inverters, Principle of operation, VSI and CSI
inverters, applications, their operating frequency range.
PWM inverters: Single Pulse, Multiple Pulse and Sinusoidal Pulse modulation PWM
Techniques for voltage control and harmonic elimination.
List of Experiments
Note: Any 8 experiments, however three (03) simulation experiment should be
covered using any professional software

1. V-I characteristics of SCR , DIAC,TRIAC ( any2 )

2. V-I characteristics of power semiconductor devices: GTO, MOSFET, IGBT (any 2)
3. 1-ph half controlled and full controlled converter. (R & RL Load )
4. 3-ph converter ( R, RL,RLE Load )
5. Step down chopper circuit (TRC techniques )
6. 3-ph voltage source transistorized inverter.
7. Firing circuit for 3-ph converter..
8. 1-ph or 3-ph. AC Voltage Regulator.
9. 3-ph AC-DC converter with RLE Load.
10. 1-Ph PWM bridge Inverter.
11. Commutation circuits of SCR.
12. Design of Snubber Circuit

Books for reference:

Text Books :

M.H.Rashid - Power Electronics 2nd Edition, Pearson publication

Ned Mohan, T.M. Undeland, W.P. Robbins - Power Electronics,3rd Edition,
John Wiley & Sons (International) student edition.

B.W. Williams: Power Electronics 2nd edition, Macmillan publication

Ashfaq Ahmed- Power Electronics for Technology, LPE Pearson Edition.

Dr. P.S. Bimbhra, Power Electronics, Thrid Edition, Khanna Publication.

K. Hari Babu, Power Electronics , Scitech Publication.

Reference Books :

Vedam Subramanyam - Power Electronics , New Age International , New Delhi

Dubey, Donalda, Joshi,Sinha, Thyristorised Power controllers, Wiely Eastern
New Delhi.

M. D. Singh and K. B. Khandchandani, Power Electronics, Tata McGraw Hill

Jai P. Agrawal, Power Electronics systems theory and design LPE, Pearson
Education. Asia.

L. Umanand, Power Electronics – Essentials & Applications Wiley Publication.

Randall Shaffer – Fundamentals of Power Electronics with Matlab.

J. Michael Jacob – Power Electronics Principal & Applications.
 Semester V: Electrical Installation, Maintenance and Testing

Unit-1 Distribution systems:

Classification of Supply systems. Types of supply systems (State only)
Details of supply systems: 1) 1 Phase 2 wire system
2) 3 Phase 3 wire systems
3) 3 Phase 4 wire systems.
Comparison of these systems, on the basis of volume requirement for conductor, for
overhead and underground systems.
AC Distribution system Design: Types of primary distribution systems, types of
secondary distribution systems, Voltage drops in ac distributors, Kelvin's law, and
limitation of Kelvin's law. General design considerations, load estimation. Design of
primary and secondary distribution design, economical design of distributors. (8 Hrs)
Unit 2 Substation and Earthing:
Substation: Classification and types, Layout of substation, Function and technical
specifications of each equipment. Voltage levels and clearances.
Earthing : Necessity and types of earthing systems. Substation grounding. Tolerable
limits of body currents, Estimation of soil resistance and its management. Tolerable step
and touch voltages. Different electrode configurations. Steps in grid design reference to
IEEE standard 80-2000.

Unit-3 Condition Monitoring and Maintenance:

Importance and necessity of maintenance, different maintenance strategies like
breakdown maintenance, planned maintenance and condition based maintenance. Planned
and preventive maintenance of transformer, induction motor, generators and powercables.
Insulation stressing factors, insulation deterioration, DC test for measurement of
insulation resistance, polarization index, dielectric absorption ratio, dielectric discharge
,concept or condition monitoring of electrical equipment
Unit-4 Condition Monitoring of transformers:
Testing and condition monitoring of oil as per the IS/IEC standards.
Filtration/reconditioning of insulating oil. Failure modes of transformer. Condition
monitoring of transformer bushings, insulation, on load tap changer dissolved gas
analysis, degree of polymerization, partial discharge measurement. IS/Specifications for
testing of transformer bushing and oil.
Unit-5 Testing of other electrical equipments:AC testing of insulation, tan delta,
partial discharge as per relevant standard. Testing of –
i. Power cables – Causes of cable failure, fault location methods.
ii. Induction motor – Various abnormal conditions, trouble shooting, faults, causes,
remedies. Signature analysis, Thermograpy.
Unit-6 Basics, Troubleshooting and Maintenance of Household Appliances:
Study of constructions, working, troubleshooting and maintenance of Fan, Mixer,
Refrigerator, Water Pump, Washing machines, Electric Oven, Microwave
(Limited to electrical faults)
Drawing:
1. Single line diagram of 132 or 220 or 400 KV substation (based on actual field
visit) Symbols, Plate or Pipe earthling – Using AutoCAD or other CAD software.
2. Project report on area electrification.
3. Project design and estimation of power circuit of labs/ workshops.

Experiments:
1. Measurement of insulation resistance of motors and cables.
2. Measurement of tan delta and partial discharge of transformer insulation either in
the college or by arranging visit to industry/ HV Lab
3. Study of troubleshooting of electrical equipment based on actual visit to repair
workshop (Any One).
I. Three phase induction motor
II. Transformer.
4. Study of thermography images and analysis based on these images.
5. Assignment – Construction, working and troubleshooting of any one household
electrical equipment
Text Books:

1) S. Rao, Testing Commissioning Operation & Maintenance of Electrical

Equipment, Khanna publishers.
2) S.L.Uppal - Electrical Power - Khanna Publishers Delhi.
3) Hand book of condition monitoring by B.K.N.Rao, Elsever Advance
Tech.,Oxford(UK).
4) S. K. Shastri – Preventive Maintenance of Electrical Apparatus – Katson
Publication House
5) B. V. S. Rao – Operation & Maintenance of Electrical Equipment – Asia
Publication
References :
IS/IEEE Standards.
1. IS : 1180 – Distribution Transformer
2. IS : 2026 – Power Transformer
3. IS : 4029 – Testing of 3 Phase Induction Motor.
4. IS : 996 – 1 Phase AC and Universal Motor.
5. IS : 694:1986 – PVC insulated cables for working voltages upto and
including 1100 V
6. IS : 900:1992 – Code of practice for installation and maintenance of
Induction Motors
7. IEEE 80:2000 – IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding.

Books
1. B. R.Gupta- power system analysis and design, 3th edition wheelers publication.
2. P.S Pabla –electric power distribution, 5th edition, tata McGraw Hill.
 Semester VI: Power System II

Prerequisite:
1. constants of transmission line ,circuit representation and generalized constants of short, medium and long
transmission lines.
2.Calculation of inductance and capacitance for symmetrical and unsymmetrical configuration of transmission
lines
Objective: To develop analytical ability for Power system subject with prerequisite of power system I
Unit 1: Performance of Transmission Line

Concept of complex power, power flow using generalized constants, receiving end power
circle diagram for transmission line(assuming ABCD constants are already given), surge
impedance loading, line efficiency, regulation and compensation, basic concepts.
Numerical based on: Power flow, circle diagram.
Unit 2: EHV-AC transmission:
Role of EHV-AC transmission, standard transmission voltages, average values of line
parameters, power handling capacity and line losses, phenomenon of corona, disruptive
critical voltages, visual critical voltages, corona loss, factors and conditions affecting
corona loss, radio and television interference, reduction of interference,
Numerical Based on power handling capacity, Corona and Corona loss
Unit 3: (a) Per unit system:
Impedance & reactance diagrams and their uses, per unit quantities, relationships,
selection of base, change of base, reduction to common base, advantages and application
of per unit system.
Numerical based on network reduction by using per unit system.
(b) Symmetrical Fault Analysis
Sudden 3-phase short-circuit analysis of unloaded alternator, sub-transient, transient and
steady state current and impedances, D.C. Offset, and effect of the instant of short-circuit
on the waveforms, estimation of fault current without pre-fault current for simple power
systems, selection of circuit-breakers and current limiting reactors and their location in
power system (Descriptive treatment only)
Numerical Based on symmetrical fault analysis
Unit 4: Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis:
Symmetrical components, transformation matrices, sequence components, power in terms
of symmetrical components, sequence impedances and sequence networks, solution of
unbalances by symmetrical components, L-L, L-G, and L-L-G fault analysis of unloaded
alternator and simple power systems with and without fault impedance.
Numerical based on symmetrical component and unsymmetrical fault calculation.
Unit 5: Load Flow Analysis:
Network topology, driving point and transfer admittance, concept of Z-bus and Y-bus
matrices, Introduction to load flow analysis, power- flow equations, generalization to n-
bus systems, classification of buses, Newton- Raphson(using polar method) , Gauss-
Seidal methods, (Descriptive treatment only)
Unit 06 HVDC Transmission ( Descriptive treatment only ) 7
Classification and components of HVDC systems, advantages and limitations of
HVDC transmission , comparison with HVAC systems, introduction to HVDC control
methods - constant current, constant ignition angle and constant extinction angle control ,
recent developments.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
NOTE: Five experiment are compulsory out of first six experiments and any three from
remaining using professional software

1. Measurement of ABCD parameters of a medium transmission line

2. Measurement of ABCD parameters of a long transmission line
3. Plotting of receiving end circle diagram to evaluate performance of medium transmission line
4. Study of the effect of VAR compensation on the profile of receiving end voltage using capacitor bank.
5. Static measurement of sub-transient reactances of a salient-pole alternator.
6. Measurement of sequence reactances of a synchronous machine.
7. Formulation and calculation of Y- bus matrix of a system using a software.
8. Solution of a load flow problem using Gauss-Seidal method using a software.
9. Solution of a load flow problem using Newton-Raphson method using a software.
10. Unsymmetrical fault analysis of a 3-bus system a software
11. Calculation of inductance and capacitance for symmetrical and unsymmetrical configuration of
transmission line using a software.

Visit : Compulsory visit to EHV-AC substation/ HVDC substation

TEXT BOOKS :
1. I.J. Nagrath & D.P. Kothari – Modern Power System Analysis – Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
2. B R Gupta , “Power System Analysis and Design”, S.Chand
3. Abhijit Chakraborty and Sunita Haldar, “Power System Analysis”
4. J.B.Gupta.”A course in power systems”.
5. P.S.R. Murthy, “Power System Analysis”, B.S. Publications.
6. Hemalatha and Jayachrista, “Power System Analysis”, Scitech Publication.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. H. Hadi Sadat: Power System Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill New Delhi.
2. Stagg & Abid – Computer Methods in Power System Analysis – Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
3. M.E.El-Hawary, Electric Power Systems: Design and Analysis, IEEE Press, New York.
4. Rakash Das Begamudre, “Extra High voltage A.C. transmission engineering”, New age publication.
5. M.A.Pai, “Computer Techniques in Power System Analysis”, Tata McGraw Hill Publication
6. Stevenson W.D. – Elements of Power System Analysis ( 4th Ed. ) - Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
7. K.R.Padiyar: HVDC Transmission Systems, New Age International Publishers Ltd, New Delhi.
8. Olle I. Elgard – Electric Energy Systems Theory – Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
 Semester VI: Energy Audit and Management

Unit 1
Global & Indian Energy Scenario:-

Commercial & non-commercial energy, primary & secondary sources, commercial

energy production, final energy consumption, Energy needs of growing economy,
short terms and long terms policies, energy sector reforms, Distribution reforms and
Upgaradation management, energy security, importance of energy conservation,
energy and environmental impacts, emission check standard, salient features of EC
Bill 2001 & Electricity act 2003. Indian & Global energy scenario. Introduction to
IE Rules. Study of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC),Concept of Green
Building.

Unit 2
Demand Side Management:-
Scope of demand management, Advantages and Barriers, areas of developement of
demand side management viz, agricultural,domestic, commercial,duties of energy
manager and energy auditor , general structure of energy management/manager.

Unit 3
Energy Audit:-
Definition, need of energy audit, types of audit, procedures to follow, data and
information analysis, energy consumption – production relationship, pie chart,
sankey diagram, cusum technique, least square methods,numericals based on it,
finding of audit, action plans, bench marking energy performance, energy audit
instruments, report writing.

Unit 4
Financial analysis and Energy conservation:-
Costing techniques:- cost factors, budgeting, standard costing, sources of capital,
cash flow diagrams and activity chart.
Financial appraisals:- criteria, simple payback period, return on investment, net
present value method, time value of money, break even analysis, sensitivity
analysis, cost optimization, cost of energy, cost of generation, PF tariff, TOD tariff,
apparent energy tariff, ABT tariff.
Unit 5
Energy Conservation in: -
Motive power.
a) Illumination
b) Heating and HVAC system
c) Cogeneration and waste heat recovery systems.
d) Pumping System
Few numericals based on them

Unit 6
Energy Audit Case Studies: -
1) Steel industries/heavy manufacturing industries
2) Paper & pulp industry
3) Sugar industries
4) Petroleum / chemical industries
5) Commercial organization / Municipal corporation
6) Textile industry
7) Thermal power stations
8) T & D Sector
9) Agricultural sector
10) IT Industry
11 ) Educational institutions

Books: -

1) Utilization of electrical energy by S. C. Tripathi.

2) Generation of electrical energy by B. R. Gupta
3) Energy management by Murphy
4) Energy Management W R Murthy & Mckay, BS Publication
 Semester VI: Utilization of Electrical Energy

Section - I
Unit 1: -Electric Heating
IntroductionAdvantages of electrical heating
Heating methods: - Resistance heating – Direct resistance heating, indirect resistance
heating, electric ovens, different types of heating materials, temperature control of
resistance furnaces, design of heating element, domestic water heaters and other heating
appliances.Induction heating – Principle, core type and coreless induction furnaces.
Electric arc heating – Direct and indirect arc heating, arc furnaces. Dielectric heating –
Principle and applications in various industrial fields.
Electric Welding
Welding methods–Electric arc wielding and resistance wielding. Modern wielding
techniques like ultrasonic wielding and laser welding

Unit 2: -Electrochemical Process

Need of electro-deposition.Applications of Faraday’s laws in electro-deposition. Factors
governing electro-deposition. Objectives of electroplating. Equipments and accessories
for electroplating plant, Electroplating on non-conducting materials, Principle of
anodizing and its applications.

Control devices-construction and working of push button, limit switches, float switches
pressure switches, contactors, thermostats, timers, relays
Application of above devices in 1) Automatic water level controller 2) reverse forward
operation of 3 –ph induction motor 3) Temperature controller in electric furnace 4) Air
compressor circuit.
Electrical Circuits Used in Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Water Coolers
Brief description of vapour compression refrigeration cycle.Description of electrical
circuits used in –Refrigerator, Air Conditioner,Water Cooler

Unit 3: -Illumination
Definitions of flux, solid angle, luminous intensity, illumination, luminous efficiency,
depreciation factor, coefficient of utilization, space to height ratio, reflection factor; Laws
of illumination. Calculation of number of light points for interior illuminations;
Calculation of illumination at different points, considerations involved in simple design
problems and illumination schemes, indoor and outdoor illumination level.different
sources of light: differences in incandescent and discharge lamps – their construction and
characteristics; fittings required for filament lamp, mercury lamp, fluorescent lamp,
sodium lamp, halogen lamp, compact fluorescent lamp, metal halide lamp,
electroluminescent lamp-LEDs, types, LASERs .Comparison of all above luminaries.
Main requirements of proper lighting, absence of glare contrast and shadow. Principles of
street lighting.
Unit 4: -Electric Traction
Advantages of electric traction. Traction systems – i) Steam engine drive, ii) electric
drive, iii) diesel electric drive.Introduction to metro system,mono rail system.
Systems of track electrification: D.C. system, single phase low frequency A.C. system, 3
phase low frequency A.C. systems, composite systems – kando systems, single phase
A.C. to D.C. systemDifferent accessories for track electrification such as overhead wires,
conductor rail system, current collector-pentagraph .Electrical block diagram of an
electric locomotive with description of various equipments and accessories.

Unit:-5 Traction Mechanics

Speed time curves, trapezoidal and quadrilateral speed-time curves, average and schedule
speed.Tractive efforts.Specific energy consumption.Mechanics of train movement,
coefficient of adhesion.
Unit 6: -Traction Motors, Control of Traction Motors, Train Lighting
Desirable characteristic of traction motors. Suitability of D.C. series motor, A.C. series
motor,3 phase induction motor and linear induction motor for traction.Control of traction
motors, Series-parallel control, Shunt and bridge transition.Electrical breaking,
Regenerative breaking in traction, Suitability of different motors for braking. Train
lighting system and Rosenberg generator.
Railway signalling:- history, necessity, block system route relay interlock and necessity.
Electromechanical system for route relay interlock.Introduction to train tracking system,
types. Anti-collision system-brief treatment only

Reference Books:-
1.‘Art and science of Utilization of Electrical Energy’ by H. Partab, Dhanpat Rai &
Co.(P) Ltd - Delhi
2.‘Utilization of Electric Power and Electric Traction’ by J.B. Gupta, S.K. Kataria &
sons, Delhi.
3.‘Generation, Distribution and Utilization of Electrical Energy’ by C. L. Wadhwa,
Eastern Wiley Ltd.
4.‘A text book on Power System Engineering’ by A. Chakraborti, M. L. Soni, P. V.
Gupta, U.S. Bhatnagar, Dhanpat Rai & Co.(P) Ltd – Delhi
5.‘Utilization of Electrical Energy’ by E. O. Taylor – Revised in S.I. Units by V.V.L.
Rao, Orient Longman.
6.Modern Electric Traction by H. Partb, Dhanpat Rai & Co. (P) Ltd - Delhi
7.“Lamps and lighting” by M. A. Cayless and A. M. Marsden
8.“BIS, IEC standards for Lamps, Lighting Fixtures and Lighting” By Manak Bhavan,
New Delhi
9.“Illumination Engineering from Edison’s Lamp to the Laser” Joseph B. Murdoch
10. “Practical railway engineering” By Clifford F.Bonntt (Imperial college press).
11.“Two centuries of Railway signalling” by Geoffrey, Kichenside and Alan Willims
(Oxford publishing CO-op).
12. Modern traction system by H.Pratab
 Semester VI: Design of Electrical Machines

Unit 1: Principles of Electrical Machine Design

Fundamentals of magnetic circuit, magnetization curve, Magnetic leakage. Determination
of iron losses, pulsation loss ,Magnetic leakage calculations ,effects of leakage flux,
leakage reactances slot leakage, tooth top leakage, zig-zag leakage ,overhang leakage,
leakage reactance calculation for polyphase machines, leakage reactance with fractional
pitch winding field form- Carter’s fringe curve and air-gap flux distribution (curve)
factor.

Unit 2: Transformer Design (Part-I):-

Modes of heat generation, various methods of cooling, temperature-rise, heating / cooling
cycles, heating time constant, cooling time constant, maximum temperature rise and their
estimation.Types, constructional features, Specifications as per IS 2026, Output equation,
design of main dimensions, core, yoke, windings (including selection).

Unit 3: Transformer Design ( Part-II ) :-

Evaluation of resistance, leakage reactance of windings, no-load current, estimation of
losses, efficiency and regulation.Cooling of transformers, design of tanks, temperature
rise estimation, and calculation of mechanical forces developed under short circuit
conditions, measures to overcome this effect.

Unit 4: Design of 3-phase Induction Motor (Part-I):-

Constructional features, types of ac windings, output equation, specific electrical and
magnetic loadings, ranges of specific loadings, turns per phase, number of stator slots,
calculations for main dimensions and stator design parameters.

Unit 5: Design of 3-phase Induction Motor (Part-II):-

Selection of length of air gap, factors affecting length of air gap, design of rotor,
unbalanced magnetic pull and its estimation, harmonic field effect on the performance of
3-phase induction motor, suitable combinations of stator & rotor slots, design of squirrel-
cage and wound rotor.

Unit 6 :Design of 3-phase Induction Motor (Part-III):-

Calculation of magnetic circuit, mmf calculations for air gap, stator teeth, stator core,
rotor teeth and rotor core, effect of saturation, effects of ducts on calculations of
magnetizing current, calculations of no-load current, leakage fluxes and leakage
reactance’s, performance calculations from circle diagram, calculations of losses,
efficiency and temperature rise.
 Term work:

The term work shall consist of three drawing sheets (Minimum one sheet to drawn in
AutoCAD.)
1. Details and assembly of 3- phase transformer with design report.
2. Details and layout of AC winding with design report.
3. Assembly of 3- phase induction motor.(only sheet)
4. Report based on Industrial visit to a manufacturing unit.(Transformer or
Induction motor)

Text Books :
1. A.K.Sawhney – A Course in Electrical Machine Design’ 10th Edition, - Dhanpat Rai
and sons New Delhi.
2. M.G. Say – Theory & Performance & Design of A.C. Machines, 3rd Edition, ELBS
London

Reference Books
1. K.L. Narang , A Text Book of Electrical Engineering Drawings, Reprint
Edition : 1993 / 94 – Satya Prakashan, New Delhi.
2. A Shanmugasundaram, G. Gangadharan, R. Palani, - Electrical Machine Design
Data Book, 3rd Edition, 3rd Reprint 1988 - Wiely Eastern Ltd., - New Delhi
3. Vishnu Murti, “ Computer Aided Design for Electrical Machines”, B.S.
Publications.
 Semester VI: Control Systems I

Unit-1 Introduction:
Basic Concepts of Control System, Open loop and Closed loop systems, Classifications,
effect of feedbacks on Control System performance.
Transfer function modeling and representation of Control system, pole & zero concept,
Linear mathematical physical systems “Mechanical System” (Translational and
Rotational), Electrical analogy, Block reduction techniques, Signal flow graph, Mason’s
gain formula.

Unit-2 Time Domain Analysis:

Type and Order of Control system, Typical tests signal “ Step, Ramp, parabolic and
Impulse signals”, Time Response of first and second order systems to unit step input.
Steady state errors “Static error coefficients”, series and dynamic error coefficients,
Generalized Error Series method. Time Domain Specifications of Second Order System,
Dominant Closed loop Poles of Higher Order Systems.

Unit-3 Stability
Concept of Stability: absolute, relative and marginal, nature of system response for the
various location of roots in S-plane of characteristic equation, stability analysis using
Hurwitz’s criterion, Routh’s criterion.Basic properties of Root Loci, construction of Root
loci. Angle and magnitude condition for stable systems, concept of inverse root locus and
root contour.

Unit-4 Frequency Domain Analysis

Steady state response of a system due to sinusoidal input; Relation between time &
frequency response for second order systems. Frequency response specifications.
Stability Analysis with bode plots, polar plots, conformal mapping, principal of
argument, Nyquist stability criterion.

Unit-5 State Variable Analysis of Linear System

Introduction to state space analysis, advantages, important definitions- state, state
variables, State vector, state space, state equation, output equation etc. State space
representation for i) Electrical Network ii) nth order differential equation iii) Transfer
function. State model from transfer function using: Direct, parallel,cascade
,decomposition method. TF of system using state model.
Unit-6
Control system components and controllers (only theoretical treatments)
Modeling and transfer function of control system components- Potentiometer, synchros,
DC and AC Servomotors, gear trains, tacho-generators ac and dc .
Design concepts of a) -P, PI, PD, PID controllers b) Compensator Networks-lag and lead
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
Minimum eight experiments should be conducted.
Note: Any professional software can be used.
1. Study of potentiometers- Modeling, transfer function and characteristics
2. Study of A.C. Servo Motor/DC. Servo Motor- modeling, Transfer function and
characteristics
3. Study of Syncros: Modeling, transfer function, and characteristics
4. Study of time response characteristics of second order control system using Software
5. To design PI / PID controllers for conceptual systems and simulate the closed loop
system using Software
6. To obtain the model of the Inverted pendulum and study the closed loop performance
using experiments on Bytronic® Inverted Pendulum/ using Software

7. Stability analysis using a) Bode plot b) Root locus c) Nyquist plot using Software

8. To design a Lead compensator and to obtain the characteristics by simulation using

Software. Verify the performance using experiments with the compensator circuit made
of passive elements.

9..To design a Lag compensator and to obtain the characteristics by simulation using
Software. Verify the performance using experiments with the compensator circuit made
of passive elements.

10.To conduct experiments on the Level Process Control Station and to study the
working of a level control loop.

TEXT BOOKS :
a. Nagrath & Gopal, “Control system engineering”, New Age International Publishers,
3rd Edition, 2001.
b. N.C. Jayan, “Control Systems”, 2nd Edition, B.S. Publications.
c. Ananda Natrajan, “Control System Engineering”, 2nd Edition, Scitech Publication (i

REFERENCES:
1. K. Oggata, “Modern control system engineering”, Pearson Education Asia, 4th
Edition, 2002.
2. B. C. Kuo, “Automatic control system”, Prentice Hall of India, 7th Edition, 1995.
3. Richard C Dorf & Robert H Bishop, “Modern control system”, Pearson Education
Asia. 8th Edition, 2004.
4. Nise N. S. John willey & sons, “Control System Engineering”, 4th Edition, 2004
 Semester VI: Seminar

Seminar should be based on a detailed study of any topic related to Electrical Engineering
preferably the advance areas/application and the topic should preferably on the topic
outside the syllabus of Electrical Engineering.

Format of the Seminar report should be as follows:

1. The report should be neatly written or typed on white paper. The typing shall be
with normal spacing and on one side of the paper.(A-4 size).
2. The report should be submitted with front and back cover of card paper neatly cut
and bound together with the text.
3. Front cover: This shall have the following details with Block Capitals
a. Title of the topic.
b. The name of the candidate with roll no. and Exam. Seat No. at the middle.
c. Name of the guide with designation below the candidate’s details.
d. The name of the institute and year of submission on separate lines at the
bottom.
4. Seminar approval sheet.
5. The format of the text of the seminar reports:
The report shall be presented in the form of technical paper. The
introduction should be followed by literature survey. The report of analytical or
experimental work done, if any, should then follow.
The discussion and conclusions shall form the last part of the text. They
should be followed by nomenclature and symbols used and then
acknowledgement. The reference shall form the last section.
The total number of typed pages, excluding cover shall from 20 to 25
only. All the pages should be numbered.
Two copies of the seminar report shall be submitted to the college. The
candidate shall present the seminar before the examiners. The total duration of
presentation and after-discussion should be about 30 minutes.
The assessment for the subject shall be based on 1
1. Report submitted.
2. Presentation,
3. Discussion.
 Semester VII: PLC and SCADA Application

Unit I
Introduction to PLC: Definition & History of PLC, Overall PLC system, PLC Input & Output
modules, central processing unit, CPUs & Programmer/monitors, Solid state memory, the
processor, Input modules (Interfaces), Power supplies, PLC advantages & disadvantages.
Selection criteria for PLC.

Unit II
Programming of PLC: Programming equipments, proper construction of PLC ladder diagram,
Basic components & their symbols in ladder diagram, Fundamentals of ladder diagram, Boolean
logic & relay logic, and analysis of rungs.
Input ON/OFF switching devices, Input analog devices, Output ON/OFF devices, Output analog
devices, programming ON/OFF Inputs to produce ON/OFF outputs.

Unit III
Advanced PLC Function: Analog PLC operation, PID control of continuous processes, simple
closed loop systems, problems with simple closed loop systems, closed loop system using
Proportional, Integral & Derivative (PID), PLC interface, and Industrial process example.
Motors Controls: AC Motor starter, AC motor overload protection, DC motor controller,
Variable speed (Variable Frequency) AC motor Drive.

Unit IV
SCADA Systems: Introduction and definitions of SCADA, Fundamental principles of modern
SCADA systems, SCADA system evolution.
Basic SCADA system Architecture: Human Machine Interface, Master Terminal Unit, Remote
Terminal Unit. SCADA data transfer through PLCC.
Communication Technologies, Communication system components, SCADA Communication in
an electrical power system.
SCADA system desirable Properties, Real Time System, SCADA server, SCADA functions.

Unit V
SCADA Architecture: First generation - Monolithic, Second generation - Distributed, Third
generation – Networked Architecture, Intelligent Electronic Devices.
Operation and control of interconnected power system, Automatic substation control, SCADA
configuration, Energy management system, system operating states, system security, State
estimation, SCADA system security issues overview.
SCADA systems in the critical Infrastructure: Petroleum Refining Process, Conventional
Electric Power Generation, water Purification System, Chemical Plant.

Unit VI
The Evolution of SCADA Protocols: Overview of Open systems interconnection (OSI) Model,
Functions of OSI Model Layers, OSI Protocols, Functions of Transmission control protocol /
Internet protocol (TCP/IP) Layers, TCP/IP protocol, DNP3 protocol, IEC61850 layered
architecture, Control and Information Protocol (CIP), DeviceNet, ControlNet, EtherNet/IP,
Flexible Function Block process (FFB), Process Field bus (Profibus), The Security Implications
of the SCADA protocols.
List of Experiments:
Note: Minimum 10 experiments should be conducted.
a) Experiment No. 1, 2, and 3 is compulsory.
b) Any 2 experiments should be conducted from experiment number 4 to 9.
c) Any 5 experiments should be conducted from experiment number 10 to 17.

1) a) Interfacing of lamp & button with PLC for ON & OFF operation.
b) Performed delayed operation of lamp by using push button.
2) a) Multiple push button operation with delayed lamp for ON/OFF operation.
b) Combination of counter & timer for lamp ON/OFF operation.
3) Set / Reset operation: one push button for ON & other push button for OFF operation.
4) DOL starter & star delta starter operation by using PLC.
5) PLC based temperature sensing using RTD.
6) PLC based thermal ON/OFF control.
7) Interfacing of Encoder with PLC (Incremental/Decremental)
8) PLC based speed, position measurement system.
9) Development of Dynamos & relating with parameters of PLC.
10) PLC interfaced with SCADA & status read/command transfer operation.
11) Parameter reading of PLC in SCADA.
12) Alarm annunciation using SCADA.
13) Reporting & trending in SCADA system.
14) Tank level control by using SCADA.
15) Temperature monitoring by using SCADA.
16) Speed control of Machine by using SCADA.
17) Pressure control by using SCADA.

Industrial Visit:
Compulsory visit to SCADA and PLC based automation industry.

Text Books:
1) Gary Dunning, “Introduction to Programmable Logic Controllers”, Thomson, 2nd Edition
2) John R. Hackworth, Frederick D., Hackworth Jr., “Programmable Logic Controllers
Programming Methods and Applications”
3) John W. Webb, Ronald A. Reis, “Programmable Logic Controllers: Principles and
Application”, 5th Edition
4) Ronald L. Krutz, “Securing SCADA System”, Wiley Publishing
5) Stuart A Boyer, “SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition”

Reference Books:
1) Batten G. L., “Programmable Controllers”, McGraw Hill Inc., Second Edition
2) Bennett Stuart, “Real Time Computer Control”, Prentice Hall, 1988
3) Doebelin E. O., “Measurement Systems”, McGraw-Hill International Editions, Fourth
Edition, 1990
4) Gordan Clark, Deem Reynders, “Practical Modem SCADA Protocols”
5) Krishna Kant, “Computer Based Industrial Control”, PHI
6) M. Chidambaram, “Computer Control of Process”, Narosha Publishing
7) P. K. Srivstava, “Programmable Logic Controllers with Applications”, BPB Publications
8) Poppovik Bhatkar, “Distributed Computer Control for Industrial Automation”, Dekkar
Publications
9) S. K. Singh, “Computer Aided Process Control”, PHI
10) Sunil S. Rao, “Switchgear and Protections”, Khanna Publication
11) Webb J. W, “Programmable Controllers”, Merrill Publishing Company, 1988
 Semester VII: Power System Operation and Control

Unit I
Power System Stability: Introduction to stability, dynamics of synchronous machine, swing
equation, power angle equation and curve, types of power system stability (concepts of steady
state, transient, dynamic stability), equal area criterion, applications of equal area criterion
(sudden change in mechanical input, effect of clearing time on stability, critical clearing angle,
short circuit at one end of line, short circuit away from line ends and recloser), solution of swing
equation by point by point method, concept of multimachine stability, methods to improve
steady state and transient stability, numerical based on equal area criteria.

Unit II
Reactive Power management: Necessity of reactive power control, reactive power generation
by a synchronous machine, effect of excitation, loading capability curve of a generator,
compensation in power system (series and shunt compensation using capacitors and reactors),
concept of sub synchronous resonance, synchronous condenser.

Unit III
FACTs Technology: Problems of AC transmission system, evolution of FACTs technology,
principle of operation, circuit diagram and applications of SVC, TCSC, STATCOM and UPFC.

Unit IV
Economic load dispatch and unit commitment:
A) Economic load dispatch: Introduction ,revision of cost curve of thermal and hydropower
plant, plant scheduling method, equal incremental cost method, method of lagrange multiplier
(neglecting transmission losses), Bmn coefficient , economic scheduling of thermal plant
considering effect of transmission losses, penalty factor, numerical.
B) Unit commitment:-
Concept of unit commitment, constraints on unit commitment – spinning reserve, thermal and
hydro constraints, methods of unit commitment – priority list and dynamic programming.

Unit V
Automatic generation and control: Concept of AGC, complete block diagram representation
of load-frequency control of an isolated power system, steady state and dynamic response,
control area concept, two area load frequency control, load frequency control with generation
rate constraints (G.R.C.S.), effect of speed governor dead band on A.G.C., digital load frequency
controller.

Unit VI
Energy Control: Interchange of power between interconnected utilities, economy interchange
evaluation, interchange evaluation with unit commitment, types of interchange, capacity and
diversity interchange, energy banking, emergency power interchange, inadvertent power
exchange, power pools.
List of Experiments:
Note:- Perform experiment 1 or 2 and any seven from 3 to 11 using software
1. To determine Steady state Stability of synchronous motor (performance).
2. To determine Steady state stability of medium transmission line (performance).
3. To plot swing curve by Point by Point method for transient stability analysis.
4. To apply equal area criteria for analysis stability under sudden rise in mechanical power
input.
5. To apply equal area criteria for stability analysis under fault condition.
6. To study reactive power compensation using any device by professional software.
7. To study lagrange multiplier technique for economic load dispatch by Professional software.
8. To develop dynamic programming method for unit commitment by professional software.
9. To study load frequency control using approximate and exact model by professional
software.
10. To study load frequency control with integral control by professional software.
11. To study the two area load frequency control.

Industrial Visit:
At least one industrial visit should be arranged to Load Dispatch Center / Power Station Control
Room.

Text Books:
1. Abhijit Chakrabarti, Sunita Halder, “Power System Analysis Operation and Control”,
Prentice Hall of India
2. I. J. Nagrath, D. P. Kothari, “Modern Power System Analysis”, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd.
3. P. S. R. Murthy, “Power System Operation & Control”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.
Ltd.
4. P. S. R. Murthy, “Operation & Control in Power System”, B. S. Publication

Reference Books:
1. Allen J. Wood, Bruce F. Wollenberg “Power Generation, Operation, and Control”, Wiley
India Edition.
2. “Electrical Power System Handbook”, IEEE Press
3. Hingorani, “Understanding FACTs” IEEE Press
4. Olle I. Elgerd, “Electrical Energy System Theory”, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd.
5. Prabha Kundur “ Power system stability and control” Tata McGraw Hill
6. R. Mohan Mathur, Rajiv K. Varma, “Thyrister based FACTs controller for Electrical
transmission system’, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
 Semester VII: Elective – I: Robotics and Automation

Unit I
Introduction: Basic concept of automation, types of automation: fixed, flexible &
programmable and their comparative study. Introduction to NC and CNC machines – Basic
concept, block diagram difference and comparison with robots, advantages, disadvantages.
A brief history, definition, laws of Robotics, Robot like devices such as prostheses, exoskeletons,
robot manipulator etc.
Basic structure, links & joints, types of joints, types of links, specifications: degrees of freedom
(DOF), accuracy, repeatability, spatial resolution, compliance, load carrying capacity, speed of
response, work volume, work envelope, reach etc., end effectors (Wrist), concept of: yaw, pitch
and roll. Motion conversion: Rotary to rotary, rotary to linear and vice versa.

Unit II
Anatomy of robots: Overview of a robot manipulator system – basic components of robot, robot
as a cell controller and as a peripheral device, overview of robot applications in industrial
automation.
Types of end effectors: Grippers and tools.
Robot classification: according to Co-ordinate system: Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical, SCARA,
Articulated, Control Method: Servo controlled & non-servo controlled, their comparative study,
Form of motion: P-T-P (point to point), C-P (continuous path), pick and place etc. and their
comparative study, Drive Technology: Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Electric (stepper motor, D.C. servo
motor) in detail with selection criteria.

Unit III
Homogeneous Coordinate, Translational Transformation, Rotational Transformation, coordinate
reference frames, Effect of pre and post multiplication of transformation, Concept of
Homogeneous transformation, Different Euler angle systems, Singularities in Euler angles.

Unit IV
Forward Kinematics: Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) representation of kinematic chains. Rules for
establishing link co-ordinate frames. Forward solution of robotic manipulator for STANFORD
Robot, Puma Robot, Puma Robot. Forward solution for simple robot systems.
Inverse Kinematics: Concept of Inverse Kinematics, difficulties in the inverse solution, inverse
solution by direct approach, Geometric approach and numericals based on direct approach.

Unit V

Robot Dynamics: Lagrange’s Equation, Kinetic and potential energy Equations, Euler-Lagrange
analysis for a single prismatic joint working against gravity and single revolute joint. Equation of
motion, Newton-Euler formulations.
Manipulator Differential Motion: Concept of linear and angular velocity, Relationship
between transformation matrix and angular velocity, manipulator Jacobean, Jacobean for
prismatic and revolute joint, Jacobean Inverse, Singularities.
Control of Robot manipulator: joint position controls (JPC), resolved motion position controls
(RMPC) & resolved motion rate control (RMRC).

Unit VI
Programming of Industrial Robots: Concept of on-line and off line programming, three levels of
robot programming such as specialized manipulation languages, Robot library for an existing
computer language, Robot library for a new general purpose language. Classification of robot
specific languages on the basis of hardware level, point-to-point level, the motion level and
structured programming level.
Industrial Applications of Robots: Welding, Spray-painting, Grinding, Handling of rotary tools,
Parts handling/transfer, Assembly operations, parts sorting, parts inspection, Potential
applications in Nuclear and fossil fuel power plant etc. (Details for the above applications are
selection criterion of robots, sensors used, selection of drives and actuators, methods of control,
peripheral devices used etc).

Industrial Visit:
At least one industrial visit should be arranged supporting the classroom teaching and student
should submit a report on that industrial robot application including selection of drive, actuators,
sensors, method of control etc.

Text Books:
1. K. S. Fu, R. C. Gonzalez, C. S. G. Lee, “Robotics: Control Sensing, Vision and Intelligence”,
International Edition, McGraw Hill Book Co.
2. Mikell P. Groover, Mitchell Weiss, Roger N. Nagel, Nicholas G. Odrey, “Industrial
Robotics: Technology, Programming and Applications”, McGraw Hill Book Company
3. Richard D. Klafter, Thomas A. Chemielewski, Michael Neign, “Robotic Engineering – An
Integral Approach”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Eastern Economy Edition

Reference Books:
1. John J. Craig, “Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and Control”, Pearson Education
2. R. K. Mittal, I. J. Nagrath, “Robotics and Control”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company
Ltd., New Delhi
3. Robert J. Schilling, “Fundamentals of Robotics: Analysis and Control”, Prentice Hall of
India, New Delhi
 Semester VII: Elective – I: Power Quality

Unit I
Introduction: Importance of power quality, terms and definitions of power quality as per IEEE
Std. 1159, such as transients, short and long duration voltage variations, interruptions, short and
long voltage fluctuations. Symptoms of poor power quality. Definitions and terminology of
grounding. Purpose of grounding. Good grounding practices and problems due to poor
grounding.

Unit II

RMS voltage variations in power system and voltage regulation, per unit system, complex
power. Subdivision of voltage variations in power system. Long duration and short duration
voltage variations, over voltage, under voltage, voltage sags, swells, imbalance, transient and
flicker. Principle of regulating the voltage. Basic power flow and voltage drop. Various devices
used for voltage regulation and impact of reactive power management. Various causes of voltage
flicker and their effects. Short term (Pst) and long term (Plt) flicker. Various means to reduce
flicker.

Unit III
Voltage Sag and Interruptions: Definitions of voltage sag and interruptions. Voltage sags vs
interruptions. Economic impact of voltage sag. Major causes and consequences of voltage sags.
Voltage sag characteristics i.e. magnitude, duration, phase angle jump, point on wave initiation
and point on wave recovery, missing voltage. Voltage sag assessment. Influence of fault location
and fault level on voltage sag. Area of vulnerability. Assessment of equipment sensitivity to
voltage sags. Voltage sag requirements for computer equipment, CBEMA, ITIC, SEMI F 47
curves. Representation of the results of voltage sag analysis. Voltage sag indices. Mitigation
measures for voltage sags, such as UPS, DVR, SMES, CVT etc. utility solutions and end user
solutions.

Unit IV
Waveform Distortion: Definition of harmonics, interharmonics, sub harmonics. Causes and
effect of harmonics on all equipments. Voltage vs current distortion. Overview of Fourier
analysis. Harmonic indices. A.C. quantities under nonsinusoidal conditions. Tripplen harmonics,
characteristics and non characteristics harmonics. Harmonics series and parallel resonances.
Consequences of harmonic resonance. K-rated transformer. Principles for controlling harmonics.
Reducing harmonic currents in loads, Study of different types of tuned and de-tuned filters,
Active filter topologies. Harmonic study procedure. Computer tools for harmonic analysis.
Locating sources of harmonics. Harmonic filtering, passive and active filters. Modifying the
system frequency response. IEEE 519-1992 harmonic standard.

Unit V
Transient Over Voltages: What are transients, their sources and effects? Impulsive transients
due to lightning. Transient velocity, surge impedance and the effect of line terminations.
Capacitor switching transients. Magnification of capacitor switching transient. Basic principles
of over voltage protection. Various devices used for over voltage protection. Load switching
related transient problems. Computer tools for transient analysis. Study of transient voltage surge
suppressor and types based on their application for Electrical Distribution systems of sensitive
Electronic Equipments, communication systems and LAN systems.
Unit VI
Power Quality Monitoring: Need of power quality monitoring and approaches followed in
power quality monitoring (Reactive and proactive approach). Power quality monitoring
objectives and requirements. Initial site survey. Selection of monitoring equipments and use of
various equipments required for power quality monitoring. Study of connection of power quality
monitor, selection of monitoring location and period. Requirement of power quality monitor to
monitor various power quality parameters. System wide and discrete power quality monitoring.
Setting thresholds on monitors, various techniques of data collection and analysis. Selection of
transducers.

Text Books:
1. J. Arrillaga, M. R. Watson, S. Chan, “Power System Quality Assessment”, John Wiley and
Sons
2. M. H. J. Bollen, “Understanding Power Quality Problems, Voltage Sag and Interruptions”,
New York: IEEE Press, 2000, Series on Power Engineering
3. R. C. Dugan, Mark F. McGranghan, Surya Santoso, H. Wayne Beaty, “Electrical Power
System Quality”, 2 nd Edition, McGraw Hill Publication

Reference Books:
1. Enriques Acha, Manuel Madrigal, “Power System Harmonics: Computer Modeling &
Analysis”, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
2. Ewald F. Fuchs, Mohammad A. S. Masoum, “Power Quality in Power Systems and
Electrical Machines”
3. G. J. Heydt, “Electric Power Quality”, Stars in a Circule Publications
4. IEEE Std. 519-1992, IEEE recommended practices and requirements for harmonics control
in electrical power system
 Semester VII: Elective – I: Illumination Engineering

Unit I
Importance of Lighting in Human Life: Optical systems of human eye ,Dependence of human
activities on light, performance characteristics of human visual system, External factors of
vision-visual acuity, contrast ,sensitivity, time illuminance, color, visual perception, optical
radiation hazards, Good and bad effects of lighting & perfect level of illumination, Artificial
lighting as substitute to natural light, Ability to control natural light, Production of light, physics
of generation of light, Properties of light, Quantification & Measurement of Light.

Unit II

Light Source:
Lamp materials: Filament, glass, ceramics, gases, phosphors and other metals and non-metals.
Discharge Lamps: Theory of gas Discharge phenomena, lamp design considerations,
characteristics of low and high mercury and sodium vapor lamps, Low Vapor Pressure discharge
lamps - Mercury Vapour lamp, Fluorescent Lamp, Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL), High
Vapour Pressure discharge lamps - Mercury Vapour lamp, Sodium Vapour lamp, Metal halide
Lamps, Solid Sodium Argon Neon lamps, SOX lamps, Electro luminescent lamps, LEDs
characteristics, features and applications, LASERS, characteristics, features and applications,
non-lighting lamps, Induction lamps. Optical fiber, its construction as a light guide, features and
applications

Unit III
Electrical Control of Light Sources:
Ballast and ignitors for different HID lamps, design considerations of Electromagnetic and
Electronic ballast for TL and HID lamps, Ballast material, Dimming.
Photometric Control of Light Sources and their Quantification:
Luminaries design considerations, optical control schemes, design procedure of reflecting and
refracting type of luminaries. Lighting Fixture types, use of reflectors and refractors, physical
protection of lighting fixtures, types of lighting fixtures according to installation type, types of
lighting fixtures according to photometric usages, ingress protection code, luminaries standard.
Indian standard recommendations.

Unit IV
Factors of Good Lighting Design:
Indoor Lighting Design: Zonal cavity method for general lighting design, coefficient of
utilization determination for zonal cavities and different shaped ceilings. Using COU (coefficient
of utilization), using beam angles and polar diagrams, glare calculations. Typical applications:
office, educational facility, theatre, residential, hospital. Indian Standard recommendation for
indoor lighting, selection criteria for selection of lamps and luminaries, design consideration and
design procedure. (problems on COV, beam angles and polar diagrams).

Unit V
Outdoor Lighting Design: Road classifications according to BIS, pole arrangement,
terminology, lamp and luminaire selection, different design procedures, beam lumen method,
point by point method, isolux diagram, problems on point by point method.
Energy Efficient Lighting: Comparison between different light sources, comparison between
different control gears, overcoming problems in energy efficient lighting, payback calculation,
life cycle costing, (problems on payback calculations, life cycle costing).
Unit VI
Solar Lighting: Day Lighting, Photovoltaic Lighting
Emergency Lighting: Central Systems, Stand alone systems
Cold Lighting: Concept, Method of generation – Optical Fiber cable (OFC), filters, Application
Switching Control for Lighting
Typical Lighting Project Design: New projects, Retrofits

Text Books:
1. H. S. Mamak, “Book on Lighting”, Publisher International lighting Academy
2. Joseph B. Murdoch, “Illumination Engineering from Edison’s Lamp to Lasers”
3. M. A. Cayless, A. M. Marsden, “Lamps and Lighting”

Reference Books:
1. “BIS, IEC Standards for Lamps, Lighting Fixtures and Lighting”, Manak Bhavan, New Delhi
th
2. D. C. Pritchard, “Lighting”, 4 Edition, Longman Scientific and Technical, ISBN 0-582-
23422-0
3. Elmer, “Design of Reflectors”
4. “IES Lighting Handbook”, (Reference Volume 1984), Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America
5. “IES Lighting Handbook”, (Application Volume 1987), Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America
 Semester VII: Elective – I: Project Management

Unit I
Introduction: Introduction to Project Management, Need for project Management, Categories
and characteristics of project Management, Project life cycle and phases (Conception phase,
Definition phase, Execution Phase and operation phase), Project Appraisal (Technical,
commercial, Economic and managerial), Project Organization (Functional, Product and matrix).

Unit II

Project Costing and Control: Project Selection, financial concepts of Projects, various cost
associated with Project, R.O.I., Project cost estimation, financial evaluation of Project,
Budgeting and allocation of budgets, analysis of returns, profitability index, Project cost control,
causes of Project Failures.

Unit III
Project Scheduling: Gantt chart and its application, AOA (Activity on Arrow diagram), AON
(Activity on Node) Diagram, Precedence diagramming methods (PDM), Critical Path Method
(CPM), Programme evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), GERT (Graphical Evaluation
and Review Technique), Resource allocation, Line of Balancing and crashing the network.

Unit IV
Project Cost Estimating and Budgeting: Introduction cost estimating: Cost estimating process,
Factors of cost escalation, Elements of budgets and estimates, Project cost accounting systems,
Cost scheduling and budgetary control.

Unit V
Project Quality Management: The processes of project quality management, Quality planning,
assurance and control, Quality of procured items, Techniques of quality assurance and control,
project execution and control, International Project Management.

Unit VI
Project Risk Management: Introduction, Managing risks in projects, Measurement and
assessment of risk, Sources of risks. Risk: - Adjusted discount rate method, certainly equivalent
method, correlation coefficient, portfolio risks, diversible & non diversible risks, CAPM (Capital
Asset pricing model) case studies of project management, computer aided project management.

Text Books:
th
1. K. Nagarajan, “Project Management”, 5 Edition, New Age International Publishers, 2010
2. Prasanna Chandra, “Projects: planning, analysis, selection, implementation and review”, 4 th
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd, New Delhi, 1995
3. Rosy Burke, “Project Management: planning and control technique”, Wiley India, 2003
4. S. Chaudhary, “Project Management”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1988

Reference Books:
1. J. R. Meredith, S. J. Mantel, “Project Management: A managerial approach”, Wiley India,
2010
2. John M. Nicholas, Herman Steyn, “Project Management”, 3 rd Edition, Elsevier Inc., 2008
3. Samuel Mantel, Jr. J. R. Meredith, S. M. Scafer, M. M. Sutton, M. R. Copalan, “Project
Management” 1 st Edition, 2011
 Semester VII: Elective – II: Restructuring and Deregulation

Unit I
Power Sector in India: Evolution of integrated, monopoly, state electricity boards (SEBs),
introduction to various institutions in Indian power sector such as CEA, planning commission,
PFC, Ministry of Power, state and central Governments, REC, financial institutions, PTC,
utilities and their roles, challenges before Indian power sector, electricity act 2003 and various
National policies and guidelines under the act, introduction to Indian Energy Exchange and its
working.

Unit II

Power Sector Economics: Introduction to various concepts such as capital cost, debt and equity,
depreciation, fixed and variable costs, working capital, profitability indices, net present value,
life cycle cost etc, typical cost components of utilities such as return in equity, depreciation,
interest and finance charges, O and M expenses etc and their determinants, introduction to
average, marginal and avoided costs, tariff setting principles and choice of the rate structure,
concepts of subsidy and cross-subsidy.

Unit III
Power Sector Regulation: Role of regulation and evolution of regulatory commissions in India,
types and methods of regulation (rate of return regulation, performance based regulation,
incentive regulation, benchmarking or yardstick regulation), the regulatory process in India
(composition of RCs, selection, authority, regulatory decision making process), non price issues
in regulation such as externalities (environment etc.), service quality, consumer service, social
equity, transparency and public participation in regulatory process.

Unit IV
Introduction to Power Sector Restructuring and Market Reform: Introduction, models
based on energy trading or structural models – monopoly, single buyer, wholesale competition,
retail competition etc, ring fencing or accounting separations, models based on contractual
arrangements – pool model, bilateral dispatch, pool and bilateral trades, multilateral trades,
ownership models (public sector – state owned and municipal utilities, co-operatives, private
sector, public-private partnership), rationale behind reforms, competition for the market vs
competition in the market, International experience with electricity reform – Latin America, The
Nordic Pool, UK, USA, China and India (Orissa, AP and Maharashtra), The California Energy
Crisis.

Unit V
Competitive Electricity Markets: Trading – electricity marketplaces, rules that govern the
electricity markets, peculiarity of electricity as a commodity, various models of trading
arrangements – integrated trading model, wheeling trading model, decentralized trading model.
Retail Competition – retail access framework, competing retailers, metering and accounting
issues, technological aspects of competition. Impact of market reform on regulation and
externalities (environment, social equity etc.)

Unit VI
Transmission Planning and Pricing: Transmission planning in the era of market structure,
transmission rights and pricing, different methods of transmission pricing, different transmission
services (ancillary services etc.) congestion issues and management, grid codes, transmission
ownership and control - Transo and ISO, transmission pricing and model in India – availability
based tariff (ABT), role of load dispatch centers (LDCs), open access.

Text Books:
1. “Deregulation in Power Industry”, Proceedings of a course under Continuing Education
Programme held by Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
Bombay.
2. “Know Your Power”, A citizens Primer On the Electricity Sector, Prayas Energy Group,
Pune

Reference Books:
1. Bhanu Bhushan, “ABC of ABT - A primer on Availability Tariff”
2. Central Electricity Regulatory Commission, Regulations and Orders - www.cercind.org
3. Electric Utility Planning and Regulation, Edward Kahn, American Council for Energy
Efficient Economy
4. Electricity Act 2003 and National Policies – www.powermin.nic.in
5. Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission Regulations and Orders -
www.mercindia.com
6. Paper “The real challenges in Power sector Restructuring: Instilling Public Control Through
TAP”, Prayas Energy Group, Energy for Sustainable Development, September 2001,
www.prayaspune.org
7. Privatization or Democratization The Key to the Crises in the Electricity Sector - The Case of
Maharashtra 2002, www.prayaspune.org
8. Regulation in infrastructure Services: Progress and the way forward - TERI, 2001
9. Sally Hunt, “Making Competition Work in Electricity”, 2002, John Wiley Inc
10. Various publications, reports and presentations by Prayas, Energy Group, Pune
 Semester VII: Elective – II: Embedded System

Unit I
Introduction to Embedded Systems: Embedded Systems & its applications, components,
classifications Categories of embedded systems, overview of ES Architecture, software in
embedded system, Design Process in ES, Microcontroller- characteristics and features, overview
of Atmel, Microchip. Examples in ES, DSP, RISC examples-ARM, PIC 16F877 & 18F452, DSP
processors, RISC CISC with examples.

Unit II

Embedded system hardware:

ADC- Types, sample and hold, real parts, microprocessor interfacing, clocked interfaces, serial
interfaces.
Sensors- Temperature sensors, optical sensors, motion sensors, strain gauges, and their
interfacing with microcontroller through ADC. Interfacing of switches and matrix keypad to
microcontroller.

Unit III
Analog output Interfacing
Solenoids- Relay control and clamping, pick/hold heaters, LED, LCD, DAC, actuators.
Motors- i) Stepper motors- bipolar and unipolar operation, half-stepping and micro-stepping,
driving steppers, motor drive ICs (L62D1 & LM18200), ii) DC motors- driving dc motors,
BLDC motor & its driving, DC motor controller ICs (LM628 & LM629).

Unit IV
Programming Concepts: Interprocessor communication and synchronization of process, tasks,
threads, scheduling, device drivers for embedded devices, RPC Functions, States Data, ISRS,
Concepts of semaphores, Message queue, mailbox

Unit V
Real Time Operating System Concept: Architecture of kernel, task scheduler, ISR,
Semaphores, mailbox, message queues, pipes, events, timers, memory management, RTOS
services in contrast with traditional OS. Overview of comemertial RTOS like Vxworks & RT
Linux.

Unit VI
Case Study of Embedded System: Case study of embedded system like digital camera, smart
card, flight simulation and control.

Text Book:
Rajkamal, “Embedded Systems”, TMH

Reference Books:
1. Frank Vahid, “Embedded System Design”, Prentice Hall Publication
2. J. W. Valvano, “Embedded Microcomputer Systems: Real time interfacing”, Brooks/Cole,
2000
3. Stuart R. Ball, “Analog Interfacing to Embedded Microprocessor Systems”, Newnes
Publication 2004
 Semester VII: Elective – II: E H V Transmission

Unit I
EHV AC transmission lines- Need for EHV transmission lines. Transmission line trends and
Preliminaries. Standard transmission voltages. Average values of line parameters. Power
handling capacity and line loss. Examples on Giant power pools and number of lines. Cost of
transmission lines and equipments. Mechanical consideration in line performance. Traveling
wave equations, Transmission, Reflection, Attenuation and Distortion of traveling waves.

Unit 2
Calculation of line and ground parameters: Resistance of conductors. Temperature rise of
conductors and current carrying capacity. Properties of bundled conductors. Inductance of EHV
line configurations. Line capacitance calculations. Sequence inductances and capacitances. Line
parameters for modes of propagation. Resistance and inductance of ground return.

Unit 3
Voltage gradient of conductors: Electrostatics. Field of a point charge and its properties, Field
of a sphere gap, Field of line charges and their properties, Corona inception gradient, charge
potential relations for multi-conductor lines, Maximum charge condition on three phase line.
Surface voltage gradient on conductors –single conductor, 2 conductors and multi conductor
bundle, maximum surface voltage gradient, Mangolt formula, design of cylindrical cage for
corona gradients.

Unit 4
Electrostatic and Magnetic fields of EHV lines: Electric shock and threshold currents.
Capacitance of long object. Effect of high electrostatic fields on Humans, Animals and Plants.
Electrostatic induction in unenergized circuit of a double circuit line. Induced voltage in
insulated ground wires. Magnetic field effects.

Unit 5
Analysis of HVDC converters: Three phase and six phase converter circuits, voltage and
current waveforms and ratios, apparent power factor and utilization factor, delay angle,
transformer rating, pulse number, commutation group, Graetz circuit, overlap, advance angle and
extinction angle, analysis of two and three valve conduction mode, equivalent commutation
resistance, reactive power requirements of HVDC converters.

Unit 6
Control of HVDC converters: Principle of dc link control, Converter control characteristics,
Reactive power requirement of HVDC converters Influence of AC systems strength on AC/DC
system interaction. Short circuit ratio, reactive power and AC system strength Problem with low
effective short circuit ratio, Solution to problem with weak systems, Effective inertia constant,
forced commutation.

Text Books:
1. Kimbark, “HVDC Transmission” John Willy & Sons Publication
2. Rakoshdas Begamudre, “Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering” New Age
International P. Ltd. Publishers
3. S. Rao, “EHV AC and DC Transmission” Khanna Publication
Reference Books:
1. Arrillaga, “HVDC Transmission” 2nd Edition, IEE London Publication
2. Narain. G. Hingorani, Gyugyi, “Understanding of FACTS Concept and Technology”, John
Wiley & Sons Publication
3. P. Kundur, “HVDC Transmission” Mc Graw Hill Publication
4. Padiyar, “HVDC Transmission” 1st Edition, New Age International Publication
 Semester VII: Elective – II: Smart Grid

Unit I
Introduction to Smart Grid: Evolution of Electric Grid, Concept of Smart Grid, Definitions,
Need of Smart Grid, Functions of Smart Grid, Opportunities & Barriers of Smart Grid,
Difference between conventional & smart grid, Concept of Resilient & Self Healing Grid,
Present development & International policies in Smart Grid. Case study of Smart Grid. CDM
opportunities in Smart Grid.

Unit II

Smart Grid Technologies: Part 1: Introduction to Smart Meters, Real Time Prizing, Smart
Appliances, Automatic Meter Reading(AMR), Outage Management System(OMS), Plug in
Hybrid Electric Vehicles(PHEV), Vehicle to Grid, Smart Sensors, Home & Building
Automation, Phase Shifting Transformers.

Unit III
Smart Grid Technologies: Part 2: Smart Substations, Substation Automation, Feeder
Automation. Geographic Information System(GIS), Intelligent Electronic Devices(IED) & their
application for monitoring & protection, Smart storage like Battery, SMES, Pumped Hydro,
Compressed Air Energy Storage, Wide Area Measurement System(WAMS), Phase
Measurement Unit(PMU).

Unit IV
Microgrids and Distributed Energy Resources: Concept of microgrid, need & applications of
microgrid, formation of microgrid, Issues of interconnection, protection & control of microgrid.
Plastic & Organic solar cells, Thin film solar cells, Variable speed wind generators, fuelcells,
microturbines, Captive power plants, Integration of renewable energy sources.

Unit V
Power Quality Management in Smart Grid: Power Quality & EMC in Smart Grid, Power
Quality issues of Grid connected Renewable Energy Sources, Power Quality Conditioners for
Smart Grid, Web based Power Quality monitoring, Power Quality Audit.

Unit VI
Information and Communication Technology for Smart Grid: Advanced Metering
Infrastructure (AMI), Home Area Network (HAN), Neighborhood Area Network (NAN), Wide
Area Network (WAN). Bluetooth, ZigBee, GPS, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max based communication,
Wireless Mesh Network, Basics of CLOUD Computing & Cyber Security for Smart Grid.
Broadband over Power line (BPL). IP based protocols.

Text Books:
1. Ali Keyhani, Mohammad N. Marwali, Min Dai “Integration of Green and Renewable Energy
in Electric Power Systems”, Wiley
2. Clark W. Gellings, “The Smart Grid: Enabling Energy Efficiency and Demand Response”,
CRC Press
3. Janaka Ekanayake, Nick Jenkins, Kithsiri Liyanage, Jianzhong Wu, Akihiko Yokoyama,
“Smart Grid: Technology and Applications”, Wiley
4. Jean Claude Sabonnadière, Nouredine Hadjsaïd, “Smart Grids”, Wiley Blackwell
5. Peter S. Fox Penner, “Smart Power: Climate Changes, the Smart Grid, and the Future of
Electric Utilities”, Island Press; 1 edition 8 Jun 2010
6. S. Chowdhury, S. P. Chowdhury, P. Crossley, “Microgrids and Active Distribution
Networks.” Institution of Engineering and Technology, 30 Jun 2009
7. Stuart Borlase, “Smart Grids (Power Engineering)”, CRC Press

Reference Books:

1. Andres Carvallo, John Cooper, “The Advanced Smart Grid: Edge Power Driving
Sustainability: 1”, Artech House Publishers July 2011
2. James Northcote, Green, Robert G. Wilson “Control and Automation of Electric Power
Distribution Systems (Power Engineering)”, CRC Press
3. Mladen Kezunovic, Mark G. Adamiak, Alexander P. Apostolov, Jeffrey George Gilbert
“Substation Automation (Power Electronics and Power Systems)”, Springer
4. R. C. Dugan, Mark F. McGranghan, Surya Santoso, H. Wayne Beaty, “Electrical Power
System Quality”, 2 nd Edition, McGraw Hill Publication
5. Yang Xiao, “Communication and Networking in Smart Grids”, CRC Press
 Semester VII: Control Systems – II

Unit I
Compensation Technique: Approaches and preliminary consideration. Design of Linear
Control System, Common compensating network, Transfer function of Lag, Lead and Simple
lag-lead network. Design using Bode diagram. Physical realization of compensators using active
and passive elements.

Unit II
State Space Analysis: Review of state space analysis, Concept of diagonalization, eigen values,
eigenvectors, diagonalization of system matrices with distinct and repeated eigen values, Vander
Monde matrix.
Solution of homogeneous and non-homogeneous state equation, state transition matrix, its
properties, various methods to determine eAt Laplace inverse transform, Caley-Hamilton
technique, Infinite power series method, Taylor’s series expansion technique.

Unit III
Design of Control System Using State Space Technique: Definition of controllability &
observability, controllability & observability matrices, condition for controllability &
observability from the system matrices in canonical form, Jordan canonical form, effect of pole
zero cancellation on the controllability & observability of the system, duality property. Pole
placement design by state feedback. State observer, design of full order observer.

Unit IV
PID Controllers: Design specifications in time domain and frequency domain. Time design of
P, PI and PID control. Frequency domain design of P, PI and PID control. Tunning of PID
controller. Ziegler-Nichol method.

Unit V
Non linear System Analysis: Introduction, qualitative analysis of nonlinearities in real life,
classification, common type of non-linearities, peculiar behavior of nonlinear system- response,
jump resonance, limit cycle: stable and unstable, amplitude as function of frequency oscillation,
non linear spring mass system, sub harmonic oscillation, asynchronous quenching, frequency
entrainment etc.
Introduction to describing function, describing function of ideal relay, relay with dead zone and
saturation nonlinearities, Stability analysis with describing function, Limitations.

Unit VI
Stability of Nonlinear System: Introduction to phase plane method, singular point, construction
of phase plane trajectory of a second order system using delta method and phase portrait,
calculation of time from phase plane trajectory, phase portrait, stability analysis from phase
plane.
Liapunov’s Stability analysis- Liapunov’s Stability, asymptotic stability, instability, positive
definiteness, negative definiteness, positive semi definiteness, negative semi definiteness,
indefiniteness. Methods of constructing Liapunov’s function for nonlinear systems, use of
Liapunov’s theory for control system design.
List of Experiments:
Minimum 8 experiments from the following list.
1. Linear analysis of DC position control system using simulink.
2. Phase plane analysis of nonlinear system using simulink.
3. Software programming for determination of STM.
4. Software programming for determination of controllability and observability of state model
of a given system.
5. Software programming for determination eigen values & eigen vector of system metrics.
6. Software programming for determination of state space representation for given transfer
function.
7. Assignment problem to draw phase plane trajectory.
8. Assignment problem to decide stability, amplitude & frequency of limit cycle using
describing function method.
9. Software programming to design system by pole placement through state feedback.
10. Software programming to obtain transfer function from state model.
11. Assignment problems optimal control theory.
12. Observer design using MATLAB.
13. To design Lead and Lag compensator and to obtain the characteristic by simulation using
Software.

Text Book:

I. J. Nagrath, M. Gopal “Control System Engineering”, 5th Edition. New Age International
Publishers

Reference Books:
1. Benjamin C. Kuo, “Automatic Control Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
2. K. Ogata, “Modern Control Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
3. M. Gopal, “Digital Control Engineering”, Wiley Eastern, 1988
4. M. N. Bandyopadhyan, “Control Engineering – Theory and Practice”, Prentice Hall of India
Ltd. Delhi
 Semester VIII: Switchgear and Protection

Unit I
Fundamentals of Arc Interruption: Current interruption in AC circuit breaker, high & low
resistance principles, arc interruption theories, arc voltage, recovery voltage, derivation and
definition of restriking voltage and RRRV, current chopping, interruption of capacitive current,
resistance switching.

Unit II
Circuit Breaker: Different ratings of circuit breaker (like rated voltage, rated current, rated
frequency, rated breaking capacity - symmetrical and unsymmetrical breaking, making capacity,
rated interrupting duties, rated operating sequence, short time rating). Classification of high
voltage circuit breaker. Working and constructional features of ABCB, SF6 and VCB -
advantages, disadvantages and applications. Auto reclosing.

Unit III
Fundamentals of Protective Relaying: Need for protective system, nature & causes of fault,
types of faults, effects of faults, evolution of protective relaying, zones of protection, primary &
backup protection, essential qualities of protective relaying. Trip circuit of circuit breaker, zones
of protection. Various operating principles of protection- over current, directional over current,
differential, distance, induction type relay, torque equation in induction type relay, current and
time setting in induction relay.

Unit IV
Static and Digital Relaying: Overview of Static relay, block diagram, operating principal,
merits & demerits of static relay. Numerical Relays :-Introduction ,Block diagram of numerical
relay, Sampling theorem, Anti –Aliasing Filter, Least square method for estimation of phasor,
concept of Discrete Fourier transform to estimate the phasor, Block diagram of PMU.

Unit V
A) Transformer Protection: Types of faults in transformer. Percentage differential protection
in
transformers, Inrush phenomenon, percentage differential relay with harmonic restraint.
Restricted E/F protection. Incipient faults, buchholz relay. Phenomenon of over fluxing in
transformer, protection against over fluxing. Realisation of numerical differential relay for
transformer protection.
B) Generator Protection: Various faults, abnormal operating conditions- stator faults,
longitudinal percentage differential scheme and transverse percentage differential scheme. Rotor
faults- abnormal operating conditions, inter turn fault, unbalance loading, over speeding, loss of
excitation, protection against loss of excitation using offset Mho relay, loss of prime mover.
Digital protection scheme based on injection of sub-synchronous component in rotor circuit.
C) Bus bar Protection: Differential protection of bus bars. Selection of C.T. ratios for bus bar
protection. High impedance differential relay.

Unit VI
A) Feeder protection: Time graded and current graded system protection of three phase feeder
using over current relays.
B) Transmission line: Over current protection for transmission lines, Introduction to distance
protection, impedance relay, reactance relay, mho relay & quadrilateral relays. Pilot wire
protection with distance relay, setting and co-ordination of distance relay, Effect of arc
resistance, load encroachment and power swing on performance of distance relay. Realization of
distance relays using numerical relaying algorithm, Introduction to Wide Area Measurement
(WAM) system.

List of Experiments:
Minimum 8 Experiments from the following list.
1. Study of switchgear testing kit.
2. Study of Fuse & MCB & testing of MCB.
3. Study & testing of contactors.
4. Study & characteristics of ACB.
5. Study & characteristics of thermal overload relay.
6. Characteristics of IDMT relay/Induction to digital over current relay.
7. Characteristics of impedance relay/Digital Impedance relay.
8. Percentage differential protection of transformer.
9. Merz - Price protection of alternator.
10. Study of various LT switchgears like ELCB, timers. Overview of co-ordination of ratings of
LT switchgear.
11. Study & testing of MCCB.
12. Protection of Transmission line using Impedance relay.

Industrial Visit:
Report on industrial visit to switchgear training centre / switchgear / relay manufacturing unit /
132 kV switchyard.

Text Books:
1. S. Rao, “Switchgear Protection and Power Systems”, Khanna Publications
2. Y. G. Paithankar, S. R. Bhide, “Fundamentals of Power System Protection”, Prentice Hall of
India

Reference Books:
1. A. G. Phadke, J. S. Thorp, “Computer Relaying for Power System” Research Studies Press
LTD, England (John Willy & Sons Inc New York)
2. A Web course on “Digital Protection of Power System” by Prof. Dr S. A. Soman, IIT
Mumbai
3. Badri Ram, D. N. Vishwakarma, “Power System Protection and Switchgear”, Tata McGraw
Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
4. Blackburn, “Protection of Power System”
 Semester VIII: Industrial Drives and Control

Unit I
Electrical Drives: Definition, Advantages of electrical drives, Components of Electric drive
system, Selection Factors, Types of Electrical Drives (DC & AC). Motor-Load Dynamics, Speed
Torque conventions and multi quadrant operation, Equivalent values of drive parameters.
Load Torque Components, Nature and classification of Load Torques, Constant Torque and
Constant Power operation of a Drive. Steady state stability, Load equalization by using flywheel.

Unit II
Electrical Braking: Electrical braking methods, characteristics of DC Motors: Rheostatic,
Plugging, and Regenerative.
Electrical braking method of three phase induction motor: DC Dynamic Braking, Plugging,
Regenerative Braking, AC Rheostatic braking, motor braking methods using static devices.
Closed loop control of drives: current limit control, torque control and speed control.

Unit III
Solid State Controlled D.C. Motors: Single phase and three phases fully controlled converter
drives and performance of converter fed separately excited DC Motor for starting and speed
control operations. Chopper controlled drives for separately excited and series DC Motor
operations. Closed loop speed control of DC motor below and above base speed.

Unit IV
Solid State Controlled Induction Motors: Thyristorised stator voltage control (using ac
regulators, for fixed frequency variable voltage control), Transistorised stator frequency control:
V/f control, voltage source inverter (VSI) control, Steady State Analysis, current source inverter
(CSI) control, Regenerative braking and multi quadrant operation of Induction motor drives,
relative merits and demerits of VSI and CSI for induction motor drives. Closed loop speed
control of CSI drives.

Unit V

Energy Saving Techniques:

Calculation of time and energy loss in transient operations: Starting, Speed variation and
Braking.
Energy Saving in starting of Induction Motor Drive: Static rotor resistance control,
Slip Power recovery schemes: Static Sherbius Drive, Static Kramer Drive
Energy Saving in running of Induction Motor Driving Pump and Blower: Consideration of load
torque characteristics and energy saving calculations.
Power Rating: Selection criteria of motors, motor duties, inverter duty motors.
Load diagram, Heating and cooling, Thermal Resistance, determination of HP rating of motor
based on duty cycle, derating of motor, effect of harmonic current and voltage harmonics, short
time rating.
Energy Conservation in Electrical drives, Energy efficient operations of drives.
Electrical drive systems and components, requirements of drive installation, interlocking
operations and protection.
Unit VI
Latest trends in Drives and Industrial Applications:
Latest trends in Drives: Rotor flux oriented vector control for induction motor drives.
Commutator less DC Motor (How Induction Motor is converted to Characteristics of DC Motor),
AC Servo Drives.
Industrial Applications: Drives for Rolling mills (Four Quadrant Operation), Machine tools
(Constant Torque Application), Textile mills (Synchronized operation of Drive in Tandem),
Sugar Mills: Centrifuged Drive, Traction drives.

List of Experiments:
Term work should include minimum eight experiments with at least one on simulation and report
on minimum one industrial visit.

1. Study of Electrical braking of D.C. Shunt motor (Rheostatic, Plugging).

2. Study of Electrical braking of 3 phase Induction Motor (DC Dynamic Braking, Plugging).
3. Study of Single phase converter fed separately excited D.C. motor speed control
characteristics (Fully controlled /Semi controlled).
4. Study of Three phase (Fully controlled/Semi controlled) converter fed / Dual converter fed/
separately excited D.C. motor (Open Loop Control).
5. Study of Chopper fed D.C. series motor speed control characteristics.
6. Study of VSI fed 3 phase Induction motor (using V/f control PWM inverter) speed control
characteristics.
7. Study of Solid state stator voltage control of 3 phase Induction motor (Using AC voltage
Regulator).
8. Study of Closed loop speed control of separately excited D.C. motor/ Induction Motor.
9. Simulation of starting characteristics of D.C. / 3 phase Induction motor.
10. Simulation of an electric drive system for steady state and transient analysis.
11. Energy saving Experiment for determining percentage energy saving with damper
(Conventional) Control and AC Drive Control.
12. Study of parameterization of drives (AC/DC) using manufacturer’s drive manual.

Industrial Visit:
Minimum one industrial visit must be organized for drives application in industry.

Text Books:
1. G. K. Dubey, “Fundamentals of Electric Drives”, 2nd Edition, Narosa Publishing House
2. N. K. De, P. K. Sen, “Electric Drives”, Prentice Hall of India Eastern Economy Edition
3. S. K. Pillai, “Analysis of Thyristor Power Conditioned Motors”, University Press

Reference Books:
1. K. Bose, “Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives”, Pearson Education
2. Malcolm Barnes, “Practical Variable Speed Drives and Power Electronics”, Newnes
3. R. Krishnan, “Electric Motor Drives – Modeling Analysis and Control”, PHI India
4. V. Subrahmanyam, “Electric Drives: Concepts & Application”, Tata Mc-Graw Hill
(An imprint of Elsevier)
 Semester VIII: Elective – III: VLSI Design

Unit I
Overview of Digital Logic Circuits: combinational circuits: Decoders, Multiplexer, ALU.,
sequential circuits: latch, flip flop – RS, JK, D, T., shift registers in SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO
models; Counters – synchronous, Asynchronous, Ring, Finite state machine (FSM): Moore,
Mealy Machines, Design applications of FSM like Traffic Light controller, Lift controller.

Unit II

VHDL Modeling and Design Flow:

Introduction to VLSI: complete VLSI design flow (with reference to an EDA tool), IEEE
Standards
VHDL Terms – Entity, architecture, Schematic, Components, Configuration.
Modeling types – Behavioral, data flow, & Structural with the help of digital functions like
multiplexer, Shift Register, counter, etc.

Unit III
VHDL Programming: sequential processing, concurrent Vs sequential statements, sub
programs and packages, attributes, data types and data objects, Test benches, Synthesizable, and
non synthesizable statements

Unit IV
CMOS LOGIC Design: NAND, NOR structures, FAN IN, FAN OUT, Propagation Delay,
Power dissipation and figure of merit (power delay product), Noise Margin, Voltage transfer
characteristics for CMOS Inverter, comparison of CMOS and NMOS

Unit V
Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs):
PAL, PLA, CPLD, FPGA – Architectures of these devices with the help of XILIN X 3000,
XILINX 4000, XILINX COOL RUNNER CPLD
EDA tools for PLDs: Simulation, synthesis, floor planning, Place and Route (PAR),
Configuration of FPGA, Boundry scan, BIST.

Unit VI
VLSI Design Applications: Barrel shifter, signed and unsigned comparators, Carry ripple and
carry look, Ahead address, Fixed- point division, serial data receiver, parallel to serial converter,
playing with a seven segment display and key board, signal generators, memory design, Vending
- Machine controller.

List of Experiments:
1. Simulation of 4 Bit adder.
2. Simulation of 1: 16 Multiplexer.
3. Simulation of 3 to 8 decoder.
4. Simulation of Multiple functions output using ROM or PAL or PLA.

(Any four combinational Logic assignments similar to above can be simulated.)

5. Simulation of Latches and registers with reset and clear.
6. Simulation of Counter.
7. Simulation of Shift Register.
8. Simulation of Special code to temporal code converter (Reference: shift register)

(Any four sequential logic assignments similar to above can be simulated)

9. Vending machine controller simulation.

10. Simulation of traffic light controller.

Each group of three students should implement at least one assignment from the above list.

Text Books:
1. Douglas Perry, “VHDL”, Tata McGraw Hill
2. John F. Wakerly, “Digital Design, Principles and Practices”, Prentice Hall Publication
3. Wolf, “Modern VLSI Design”, Pearson Education

Reference Books:
1. Charles H. Roth, “Digital System Design Using VHDL”, PWS Publishing Company
(Thomson Learning)
2. J. Bhaskar, “VHDL Primer”, 3 rd Edition, Addison Wesley Longman Singapore Pte Ltd.
3. Volner A. Dedroni, “Circuit Design with VHDL”, PHI Publications
4. Xilinx Data Manual “The Programmable Logic Data Book”
 Semester VIII: Elective – III: High Voltage Engineering

Unit I
Breakdown in Gases: Electrons as the best ionizers, Gases as an insulating medium, ionization
and decay and attachment process, breakdown in gases, Townsend’s Theory, current growth
equation in presence of primary and secondary ionization processes, Townsend’s breakdown
criterion, primary and secondary ionization coefficients and their variation with respect to E/P,
limitations of Townsend’s theory, Streamer mechanism of breakdown, Paschen’s Law and its
limitations, Corona discharges for point plane electrode combination with positive and negative
pulse application, time lag for and factors on which time lag depends, breakdown in extremely
non uniform fields. Practical considerations in using gases for insulation purpose. (Numerical on
Townsend’s theory, Paschen’s law).

Unit II

Breakdown in Liquid and Solid Dielectrics: Pure and commercial liquids. Conduction and
Breakdown in pure and commercial liquids, Breakdown mechanism in solid dielectrics: -
intrinsic breakdown strength and breakdown, electromechanical breakdown and thermal
breakdown. Cavity breakdown, surface discharge (treeing and tracking phenomenon), Properties
of composite dielectrics, breakdown in composite dielectrics. (Numerical on determining the
breakdown strength of transformer oil, solid dielectric)

Unit III
Lightning and Switching Over Voltages and Protection: Natural causes for over voltages –
Lightning Phenomenon, Over voltage due to switching surges, system faults and abnormal
conditions, impulse voltage specifications- wave front and wave tail time, protection from over
voltages, horn gap type lightning arrestor, Gap type and ZnO gapless lightning arrestors,
specifications of lightning arrestors and its selection for given application. Principals of
insulation co-ordinations on high voltage and extra high voltage power system and substation.

Unit IV
Generation of High Voltages and Current: Generation of high ac voltages-Cascading of
transformers ,series and parallel resonance system Generation of high dc voltages:- Van-de-Graff
generator, variable capacitance generator, rectifier circuits , ripple ripple factor, Cascading
circuits using number of stages of voltage doubler circuits-conduction and non-conduction
periods Expression n for total ripple and total voltage drop, voltage regulation, optimum number
of stages.
Generation of impulse voltages:-Impulse voltage definition, wave front and wave tail time.
Analysis of basic R-L-C and double RC circuits. Multistage impulse generator. Modified Marx
circuit. Tripping and control of impulse generators.
Generation of high ac voltage of high frequency using Tesla coil. Generation of high impulse
current using R-L-C circuit and its analysis.
(Numerical on impulse generation high dc voltage generation, optimum number of stages,
impulse current generation)

Unit V
Measurement of High Voltage and High Currents and Non-destructive Testing: Various
methods of measurement of Peak voltage, impulse voltage ,high dc and ac voltage measurement,
measurement of high current, cathode ray oscillographs for impulse voltage and current
measurement, measurement of dielectric constant and loss factor, partial discharge
measurements. (Numerical on generating voltmeter, peak voltmeter, peak reading ac voltage,
sphere gap voltmeter)

Unit VI
High Voltage Testing of Electrical Apparatus and H V Laboratories: Testing of insulators
and bushings, testing of isolators and circuit breakers, testing of cables, testing of power
transformers, testing of surge arresters, radio interference measurements.
Design, planning and layout of High Voltage laboratory:-Classification of H.V. laboratories, size
and rating of large size High Voltage laboratory, Grounding of impulse testing laboratory.

List of Experiments:
Minimum eight experiments
1. Measurement of breakdown strength of solid insulating materials.
2. Breakdown of air under uniform and non-uniform field.
3. Measurement of breakdown strength of liquid insulating materials.
4. Effect of gap length on liquid insulating material.
5. Breakdown of composite dielectric material.
6. Study of impulse generator.
7. High voltage withstand test on cables/safety gloves/shoes as per IS.
8. Surface flashover on the surface of polymer insulator materials.
9. Horn gap arrangement as surge diverter.
10. Measurement audible and visible corona inception and extinction voltage.
11. Surface flashover on corrugated porcelain insulator materials.
12. Sphere gap voltmeter.
13. Development of tracks and trees on polymeric insulation.
14. Measurement of breakdown strength of gaseous dielectrics.
15. Study of output voltage waveform of multistage voltage doubler circuit on CRO.

Industrial Visit:
Industrial visit to high voltage equipment manufacturing industry.

Text Books:
1. C. L. Wadhwa, “High Voltage Engineering”, New Age International Publishers Ltd.
2. M.
Ltd.S.New
Naidu, V. Kamaraju “High Voltage Engineering”, Tata McGraw Hill Publication Co.
Delhi

Reference Books:
1. E. Kuffel, W. S. Zaengl, J. Kuffel, “High Voltage Engineering Fundamentals”, Newnes
Publication
2. Prof. D. V. Razevig Translated from Russian by Dr. M. P. Chourasia, “High Voltage
Engineering”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
3. Ravindra Arora, Wolf Gang Mosch, “High Voltage Insulation Engineering”, New Age
International Publishers Ltd. Wiley Estern Ltd.
 Semester VIII: Elective – III: Digital Signal Processing

Unit I
Classification of Signals: Analog, Discrete-time and Digital, Basic sequences and sequence
operations, Discrete-time systems, Properties of D. T. Systems and Classification, Linear Time
Invariant Systems, impulse response, linear convolution and its properties, properties of LTI
systems: stability, causality, parallel and cascade connection, Linear constant coefficient
difference equations, Eigen functions for LTI systems and frequency response, Periodic
Sampling, Sampling Theorem, Frequency Domain representation of sampling, reconstruction of
a band limited Signal, A to D conversion Process: Sampling, quantization and encoding.

Unit II

Representation of Sequences by Fourier Transform, Symmetry properties of F. T., F. T.

theorems: Linearity, time shifting, frequency shifting, time reversal, differentiation, convolution
theorem, windowing theorem, Z-transform, ROC and its properties, Inverse z transform by
inspection, partial fraction, power series expansion and complex inversion, Z transform
properties: Linearity, time shifting, multiplication by exponential sequence, differentiation,
conjugation, time reversal, convolution, initial value theorem, Unilateral Z-transform: solution of
difference equation

Unit III
Frequency Response of LTI Systems: Ideal frequency selective filters, magnitude and phase
response, group delay, System Functions for LTI Systems: Stability and causality, inverse
systems, significance of poles/zeros, Frequency Response for Rational System Functions:
Frequency Response of a single zero or pole, systems with Linear phase, Generalized Linear
phase systems, Four Types of GLPS

Unit IV
Sampling the F.T., Fourier representation of finite-duration sequences: The Discrete Fourier
Transform, Properties of DFT: Linearity, circular shift, duality, symmetry, Circular Convolution,
Linear Convolution using DFT, Effective computation of DFT and FFT, DIT FFT, DIF FFT,
Inverse DFT using FFT

Unit V
Concept of filtering, Ideal filters and approximations, specifications, IIR filter design from
continuous time filters: Characteristics of Butterworth, Cheybyshev and elliptic approximations,
impulse invariant and bilinear transformation techniques, Design examples, FIR filter design
using windows: properties of commonly used windows, incorporation of Generalized Linear
Phase, Design Examples, Comparison of IIR and FIR Filters

Unit VI
Block diagrams and Signal flow graph representation of LCCDE, Basic structures for IIR
Systems: direct form, cascade form, parallel form, Transposed Forms, Basic Structures for FIR
Systems: direct form, cascade form, structures for linear phase FIR Systems, Finite Register
Length effect
Applications: Spectrum Analysis, Power factor correction, Harmonic Analysis & measurement,
applications to machine control, DSP based vibration analysis system
List of Experiments:
Note: Perform the practical using C language or any other professional software.
1. Plotting of discrete time waveforms (a) Sin, (b) Unit Step, (c) Exponential.
2. Find Linear convolution
3. Find DFT & IDFT of sequence
4. Find a) Circular convolution,
b) Using DFT IDFT method find Circular convolution,
c) Find linear convolution using Circular convolution.
5. Plot frequency response of given system function (Magnitude & Phase)
6. DIT / DIF FET algorithm
7. Design of IIR filter (butterworth apron method).
8. Design of FIR filter (window method).
9. Study of DSP starter kit and generation of Sine wave.
10. Demo of FIR Filter implementation using DSP kit.

Text Books:
1. Mitra S., “Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach”, Tata McGraw-Hill,
1998, ISBN 0-07-044705-5
2. Proakis J., Manolakis D., “Digital signal processing”, 3 rd Edition, Prentice Hall, ISBN 81-
203-0720-8

Reference Book:
Oppenheim A., Schafer R., Buck J., “Discrete time signal processing”, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall,
2003, ISBN-81-7808-244-6
 Semester VIII: Elective – III: ANN and its Applications in Electrical Engineering

Unit I
Introduction to Neural Network: Historical perspective, the biological inspiration, Types of
Transfer functions, Single Neural Model, Different architecture of NN, basic MC-Lock pitts
model of NN.

Unit II

Single Layer Network; ANN Learning/ Training Algorithms: Perceptron architecture –

Perceptron training algorithm, Least – Mean square algorithm, learning curves, Learning Rate
Annealing techniques. Learning with a Teacher, Learning without a Teacher, Learning Tasks.
Hebbian learning; Competitive learning; Boltzmann learning. Delta Rule (Gradient Descent
Rule)

Unit III
Multilayer Network: MLP (Multilayered Perceptron), Pattern Classification; Feed forward
Neural Network, Back propagation algorithm. Error based BP. Limitation of Back-propagation
algorithm.

Unit IV
NN in Control Systems: NN Predictive control; NARMA-L2 (Feedback Linearization) Control;
Adoptive Control; Model Reference Control

Unit V
Associative Memory: Kohonen Organizing Maps, Recurrent network, Hopfield Networks,
Radial Basis functions, Adaptive Resonance Theory.

Unit VI
Applications of Neural Network to Electrical Engineering: Robot Applications; Control
system applications; speed control of DC Motor; power system application considering Load
shedding, harmonic mitigation; power planning etc.

List of Experiments:
1. Study of various Transfer functions in MATLAB.
2. Neural Network Program for classification problem using Perceptron.
3. Neural Network Program for classification problem using Hopfield Network.
4. Neural Network Program for classification problem using Hebbian Network.
5. Neural Network Program for classification problem using Back propagation.
6. Neural Network Program for classification problem using Recurrent Network.
7. Neural Network Program for classification problem using Feed-Forward Network.
8. Neural Network Program using Radial basis Function.
9. Neural Network Predictive control.

Text Books:
1. Jacek Zurada, “Introduction to Artificial Neural Network”, Jaico Publishing House India
2. James A. Anderson, “An Introduction to Neural Networks”, Practice Hall India Publication
3. Mohamed H. Hassoun, “Fundamentals of Artificial Neural Network”, Practice Hall India
4. Simon Haykin, “Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation”, 2nd Edition, Pearson
Education

Reference Books:
1. Kelvin Waruicke, Arthur Ekwlle, Raj Agarwal, “AI Techniques in Power System”, IEE
London U.K.
2. S. N. Sivanandam, S. Sumathi, S. N. Deepa, “Introduction to Neural Network Using
MATLAB 6.0”, Tata McGraw Hill
3. S. Rajsekaram, G. A. Vijayalaxmi Pai, “Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic & Genetic
Algorithms Synthesis & Applications”, Practice Hall India
 Semester VIII: Elective – IV: Modelling of Electrical Systems

Unit I
Modelling of synchronous machines I: Basic models, electrical equations, mechanical
equations, per unit system and normalization, parks transformation, flux linkages equations
voltage and current equations.

Unit II

Modelling of synchronous machines II: Formulation of state-space equations, equivalent

circuit sub transient and transient inductances and time constants, simplified model of
synchronous machines, steady state equations and phasor diagram, determination of machines
parameters from manufactures data.

Unit III
Excitation system modelling: Modelling of excitation system components, modelling of
complete excitation system.

Unit IV
Modelling of induction motors I: Circuit model of a three phase induction motor, linear
transformation, phase transformation, transformation to a reference frame, and two axis models
for induction motor.

Unit V
Modelling of induction motors II: Voltage and current Equations in stator reference frame,
equation in rotor reference frame, equations in a synchronously rotating frame, torque equation.

Unit VI
Line and load modelling: Transformer model, transformer with nominal turns ratio, three
winding transformers model, phase shifting transformers, load modelling, constant current
model, constant impedance model, constant power model, composite load, dynamic
characteristics, static load modelling for load flow studies, voltage dependence of equivalent
loads, derivation for equivalent load powers.

Text Books:
1) P. S. Bimbhra, “Generalized theory of electrical machines”, Khanna Publishers
2) PSR Murty, “Modeling of power system components”, BS Publications

Reference Books:
1) P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, “Power System control and stability”, Wiley-India Edition
2) Paul C. Krause, Oleg Wasynezuk, Scott D. Sudhoff, “Analysis of Electric Machinery”, IEEE
Press, 1995
3) Prabha Kundur, Neal J. Balu, Mark G. Lauby, “Power System Stability and Control”, Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
4) Vedam Subramanyam, “Thyristor control of Electric Drives”
 Semester VIII: Elective – IV: Renewable Energy System

Unit I
Distributed Generation: Electricity Generation in Transition, Distributed Generation with
Fossil Fuels, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Technologies, Biomass for Electricity, Micro-
Hydropower Systems, Fuel Cells, Fuel Cell Thermodynamics: Enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and
Fuel Cell Efficiency, Types of Fuel Cells, Hydrogen Production. Economics of Distributed
Resources, Economics of Distributed Resources, Energy Economics, Energy Conservation
Supply Curves, Combined Heat and Power (CHP), Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) and
Demand-Side Management (DSM).

Unit II

Wind Energy Systems: Historical Development of Wind Power, Types of Wind turbine
electrical generators, Power in the Wind, Impact of Tower Height, Maximum Rotor efficiency,
Speed control for Maximum Power, Average Power in the wind, Wind turbine power converters,
Wind Turbine Economics, Simple Estimates of Wind Turbine Energy, Specific Wind Turbine
Performance Calculations, Environmental Impacts of Wind Turbines. Change in wind pattern
and forecasting the power generation based on the wind pattern.

Unit III
The Solar Resource: The Solar Spectrum, The Earth’s Orbit, Altitude Angle of the Sun at Solar
Noon, Solar Position at any Time of Day, Sun Path Diagrams for Shading Analysis, Solar Time
and Civil (Clock) Time, Clear Sky Direct-Beam Radiation, Total Clear Sky Insolation on a
Collecting Surface, Monthly Clear-Sky Insolation, Solar Radiation Measurements, Average
Monthly Insolation. Direct and diffused radiation and effect on power generation- PV and
Thermal.

Unit IV
Photovoltaic Materials and Electrical Characteristics: Basic Semiconductor Physics, A
Generic Photovoltaic Cell, The Simplest Equivalent Circuit for a Photovoltaic Cell From Cells to
Modules to Arrays, The PV I–V Curve under Standard Test Conditions (STC), Impacts of
Temperature and Insolation on I–V Curves, Shading Impacts on I–V curves, Crystalline Silicon
Technologies, Single-Crystal Czochralski (CZ) Silicon, Ribbon Silicon Technologies, Cast
Multicrystalline Silicon, Crystalline Silicon Modules, Thin-Film Photovoltaic, Efficiency of PV
system. Methods of measurements.

Unit V
Photovoltaic Systems: Introduction to the Major Photovoltaic System Types, Current–Voltage
Curves for Loads, Grid-Connected Systems: Interfacing with the Utility, DC and AC Rated
Power, The “Peak-Hours” Approach to Estimating PV Performance, Capacity Factors for PV
Grid-Connected Systems¸ Grid-Connected System Sizing, Grid-Connected PV System
Economics: System Trade-offs, Dollar-per-Watt Ambiguities, Amortizing Costs, Stand-Alone
PV Systems, PV-Powered Water Pumping, PV systems – off grid systems and scope for
inclusive growth of rural India. Grid autonomy. Bi-directions metering. Calculation of system
details.

Unit VI
Other Sustainable Energy Sources: Micro-turbine generation, Wave energy conversion
systems, Tidal energy conversion systems, Nuclear energy power plants, Clean coal power
plants, Biomass to electrical energy conversion, Geo-Thermal energy harvesting, Bio-
mechanical energy harvesting, Bio-chemical and photosynthesis techniques.
Environmental Issues: Global warming and climate change, Carbon trading, concept of Carbon
credits, Carbon dioxide sequestration, Atmospheric pollutants, nuclear waste disposal, Impact of
renewable energy sources. Kyoto Protocol, Ozone depletion.

Text Books:
1. Dr. Sukhatme, “Solar Energy”, Tata McGraw Hills
2. G. D. Rai, “Non Conventional Energy Sources”, Khanna Publication
3. Gilbert M. Masters, “Renewable and Efficient Electrical Power Systems”, Wiley - IEEE
Press, August 2004
4. Paul Gipe, “Wind Energy Comes of Age”, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
5. S. Rao, Dr. B. B. Parulekar, “Energy Technology – Non Conventional, Renewable and
Conventional”, Khanna Publication
6. Siegfried Heier, Rachel Waddington, “Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion
Systems”, Wiley Publications

Reference Books:
1. G. N. Tiwari, Sangeeta Suneja, “Solar Thermal Engineering Systems”, Narosa Publishing
House
2. L. L. Freris, “Wind Energy Conversion System”, Prentice Hall
3. Mili Majumdar, “Energy Efficient Buildings in India”, Published by Tata Energy Research
Institute & MNRE
4. Thomas Ackermann, “Wind Power in Power Systems”, Wiley Publications
5. Tony Burton et al, “Wind Energy Hand Book”, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
 Semester VIII: Elective – IV: Digital Control System

Unit I
Sampling and Reconstruction: Introduction, Configuration of the basic digital control scheme.
Advantages and limitations of digital control; Sampling & Reconstruction processes, Shannon’s
Sampling theorem, practical aspects of choice of sampling rate.
Standard discrete test signals:- unit step, unit ramp, exponential, sinusoidal etc.
Discrete system classification:- Static/ dynamic, Time variant/Time invariant, Linear/Nonlinear,
Causal/Non-causal, BIBO Stable/Unstable etc. Quantizing and quantization error; Types of
Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog converter.

Unit II

The z-Transform: Introduction, definition, z- transform of elementary functions; Important

properties and theorems of z- transforms; Inverse of z- transform (IZT), IZT computation by
Direct division method, Partial fraction expansion method and by Cauchy’s Residue theorem.
Solution of difference equation.
Pulse transfer function, General procedure for obtaining Pulse-transfer-function. Block-diagram
analysis of sampled data closed loop systems.

Unit III
Stability Analysis: Introduction, Mapping between s-plane and z-plane:-Primary strip and
complementary stripes; constant frequency loci, constant damping ratio loci. Stability analysis of
closed loop system in the z-plane. Jury’s stability test, Stability analysis by use of Bilinear
transformation and Routh Stability Criterion. Discrete system transient and steady-state response
analysis.
Design based on Root-locus method: effect of sampling period on the transient response and on
the stability; Design based on the frequency-response method.

Unit IV
State-Space Analysis: Conversion of pulse transfer functions to state space model and vice a
versa. Solution of LTI Discrete-time state equation; State Transition Matrix (STM) and
properties of STM; Computation of STM by z-transform method, by power-series expansion
method, by Cayley Hamilton theorem, by similarity transformation method. Discretization of
continuous-time state-space equation.

Unit V
Design Using State-Space: Controllability and observability of linear time invariant discrete –
data system, Tests for controllability and observability; Principal of Duality; Effect of pole-zero
cancellation; Relationship between controllability, observability and stability. Pole placement
design using linear state-feedback.State estimation and full order observer design, Ackermann’s
formula.

Unit VI
Digital Control System Applications
State Space Model of Digital System:- Transformation of state-space model to
various(controllable, observable, diagonal, and Jordan)-canonical forms.
Digital Control System Applications:- Digital temperature control, position control, stepper
motor control; Block diagram presentation and control algorithms.
Text Book:
K. Ogata, “Discrete Time Control System”, 2 nd Edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2009

Reference Books:
1. B. C. Kuo, “Digital Control Systems”, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press
2. M. Gopal, “Digital Control Engineering”, New Age International Publishers
3. M. Gopal, “Digital Control and State Variable Methods”, 3 rd Edition The McGraw Hill Co.
 Semester VIII: Project

Project Work:
The student shall take up suitable project from various below mentioned areas. The scope of the
project shall be such as to complete it within the time schedule. An individual can undertake
project but maximum number of students in one group should not be more than three (only in
exceptional cases a maximum four of students can be allowed by Head of the Department). The
project may be of the following nature:
1. Manufacturing / Fabrication of a prototype unit including selection, concept, design,

material, manufacturing the component, assembly of components, testing and performance

evaluation.
2. Improvement of the existing equipment / process.
3. Computer aided design, analysis of components.
4. Problems related to productivity improvement.
5. Problems related to value engineering.
6. Problems related to material handling systems.
7. Energy audit of organization.
8. Detail cost estimation of products.
9. Quality improvement systems and management.
10. Low cost automation etc.
11. Renewable Energy.
12. Energy Conservation.
13. Software based for any application in electrical engineering.

Submission of Report:
The student shall submit the detailed report based on his/her project work to his/her internal
guide. It shall include relevant circuit diagrams, graphs, photographs, specification sheets etc.

Format for the Project Report shall be as follows:

1. The report shall be neatly typed on white paper. The typing shall be of normal spacing and
only on one of the “A-4” size paper.
2. The report shall be submitted with front and back cover of card paper, neatly cut and bound
together with the text.
3. Front Cover: This shall have the following details in Block Capital in the following
sequence:
a) Title at the top.
b) Followed by the names of the candidate of the project group and Exam. Seat Nos. in the
next line.
c) Name of the guide with his designation below the details of the candidates.
d) The name of the institute and year of submission on separate lines in the end.
4. Project work approval sheet in the form of a certificate, duly signed, shall be included.
5. The format of the text of the Project report:
The synopsis shall be followed by literature survey. The report of analytical or experimental
work done, if any, shall then follow.

The discussion and conclusions shall form the last part of the text. It shall be followed by
nomenclature and symbols used and then acknowledgement. The bibliography shall form the last
section.
The total number of typed pages, excluding cover, shall be about 50 to 100. All the pages shall
be serially numbered.

Assessment:
At the end of semester I - Individual/Group must submit soft copy of progress report and give a
presentation in the internal seminar it should be recorded and kept by the department and should
be presented at the end of the semester II along with final report for assessment. The oral
examination will be based on project work.