Java Programming Overview22

What is Java?
Java is a popular programming language, created in 1995.
It is owned by Oracle, and more than 3 billion devices run Java.
It is used for:
Mobile applications (specially Android apps)
Desktop applications
Web applications
Web servers and application servers
Games
Database connection
And much, much more!
Why Use Java?
Java works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.)
It is one of the most popular programming language in the world
It has a large demand in the current job market
It is easy to learn and simple to use
It is open-source and free
It is secure, fast and powerful
It has a huge community support (tens of millions of developers)
Java is an object oriented language which gives a clear structure to programs and allows code
to be reused, lowering development costs
As Java is close to C++ and C#, it makes it easy for programmers to switch to Java or vice
versa
Java Getting Started
Java Install
Some PCs might have Java already installed.
To check if you have Java installed on a Windows PC, search in the start bar for Java or type the
following in Command Prompt (cmd.exe):
C:\Users\Your Name>java -version
If Java is installed, you will see something like this (depending on version):
java version "11.0.1" 2018-10-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS, mixed mode)
If you do not have Java installed on your computer, you can download it for free at oracle.com.
Note: In this tutorial, we will write Java code in a text editor. However, it is possible to write Java
in an Integrated Development Environment, such as IntelliJ IDEA, Netbeans or Eclipse, which are
particularly useful when managing larger collections of Java files.
Setup for Windows
To install Java on Windows:
Go to "System Properties" (Can be found on Control Panel > System and Security > System >
Advanced System Settings)
Click on the "Environment variables" button under the "Advanced" tab
Then, select the "Path" variable in System variables and click on the "Edit" button
Click on the "New" button and add the path where Java is installed, followed by \bin. By default,
Java is installed in C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-11.0.1 (If nothing else was specified when you
installed it). In that case, You will have to add a new path with: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-
11.0.1\bin
Then, click "OK", and save the settings
At last, open Command Prompt (cmd.exe) and type java -version to see if Java is running on
your machine
Java Quickstart
In Java, every application begins with a class name, and that class must match the filename.
Let's create our first Java file, called Main.java, which can be done in any text editor (like
Notepad).
The file should contain a "Hello World" message, which is written with the following code:
Main.java
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World");
Don't worry if you don't understand the code above - we will discuss it in detail in later chapters.
For now, focus on how to run the code above.
Save the code in Notepad as "Main.java". Open Command Prompt (cmd.exe), navigate to the
directory where you saved your file, and type "javac Main.java":
C:\Users\Your Name>javac Main.java

This will compile your code. If there are no errors in the code, the command prompt will take
you to the next line. Now, type "java Main" to run the file:
C:\Users\Your Name>java Main
The output should read:
Hello World
Java Syntax
Java Syntax
In the previous chapter, we created a Java file called Main.java, and we used the following code
to print "Hello World" to the screen:
Main.java
public class Main {
Example explained
Every line of code that runs in Java must be inside a class. In our example, we named the class
Main. A class should always start with an uppercase first letter.
Note: Java is case-sensitive: "MyClass" and "myclass" has different meaning.
The name of the java file must match the class name. When saving the file, save it using the
class name and add ".java" to the end of the filename. To run the example above on your
computer, make sure that Java is properly installed: Go to the Get Started Chapter for how to
install Java. The output should be:
Hello World
The main Method
The main() method is required and you will see it in every Java program:
public static void main(String[] args)
Any code inside the main() method will be executed. Don't worry about the keywords before and
after main. You will get to know them bit by bit while reading this tutorial.
For now, just remember that every Java program has a class name which must match the
filename, and that every program must contain the main() method.
System.out.println()
Inside the main() method, we can use the println() method to print a line of text to the screen:
Note: The curly braces {} marks the beginning and the end of a block of code.
System is a built-in Java class that contains useful members, such as out, which is short for
"output". The println() method, short for "print line", is used to print a value to the screen (or a
file).
Don't worry too much about System, out and println(). Just know that you need them together to
print stuff to the screen.
You should also note that each code statement must end with a semicolon (;).
Test Yourself With Exercises
Exercise:
Insert the missing part of the code below to output "Hello World".
public class MyClass {
("Hello World");
Java Output / Print
Print Text
You learned from the previous chapter that you can use the println() method to output values or
print text in Java:
ExampleGet your own Java Server
System.out.println("Hello World!");
You can add as many println() methods as you want. Note that it will add a new line for each
method:
Example
System.out.println("Hello World!");
System.out.println("I am learning Java.");
System.out.println("It is awesome!");
Double Quotes
When you are working with text, it must be wrapped inside double quotations marks "".
If you forget the double quotes, an error occurs:
Example
System.out.println("This sentence will work!");
System.out.println(This sentence will produce an error);
The Print() Method
There is also a print() method, which is similar to println().
The only difference is that it does not insert a new line at the end of the output:
Example
System.out.print("Hello World! ");
System.out.print("I will print on the same line.");
Note that we add an extra space (after "Hello World!" in the example above), for better
readability.
We use println() as it makes it easier to read the output of code.
However, unlike text, we don't put numbers inside double quotes:
System.out.println(3);
You can also perform mathematical calculations inside the println() method:
Example
System.out.println(3 + 3);
Example
System.out.println(2 * 5);

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What is Java?

Java is a popular programming language, created in 1995.

It is owned by Oracle, and more than 3 billion devices run Java.

Mobile applications (specially Android apps)

Web servers and application servers

And much, much more!

Why Use Java?

It is one of the most popular programming language in the world

It has a large demand in the current job market

It is easy to learn and simple to use

It is open-source and free

It is secure, fast and powerful

It has a huge community support (tens of millions of developers)

Some PCs might have Java already installed.

C:\Users\Your Name>java -version

java version "11.0.1" 2018-10-16 LTS

Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS)

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS, mixed mode)

Setup for Windows

To install Java on Windows:

Click on the "Environment variables" button under the "Advanced" tab

Then, click "OK", and save the settings

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

C:\Users\Your Name>javac Main.java

C:\Users\Your Name>java Main

The output should read:

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Note: Java is case-sensitive: "MyClass" and "myclass" has different meaning.

The main Method

public static void main(String[] args)

public static void main(String[] args) {

Test Yourself With Exercises

public class MyClass {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Java Output / Print

ExampleGet your own Java Server

System.out.println("I am learning Java.");

If you forget the double quotes, an error occurs:

System.out.println("This sentence will work!");

System.out.println(This sentence will produce an error);

The Print() Method

There is also a print() method, which is similar to println().

System.out.print("Hello World! ");

System.out.print("I will print on the same line.");

However, unlike text, we don't put numbers inside double quotes:

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