Sequence and Series

SOLUTIONS OF SEQUENCE & SERIES

EXERCISE - 1
PART-I
Section (A) :
A-1. (a + 2d) = 4a  3a = 2d.
 3a 
We have given that a + 5d = 17 a + 5   = 17
 2 
a = 2, d = 3
so series 2, 5, 8 .......

p 1 p(p  1)
A-2. Given that; Tp = + 2, then Sp = p + 2 = + 2p.
7 7 14
taking p = 35 S35 = 160

A-3. 994 = 105 + (n –1) 7  889 + 7 = 7n  n = 128

A-4. First No. = 103 last No. = 791

44
No. of terms = 44 s= [103 + 791] = 22 [894] = 19668
2

p 2q
A-5. q = [2A + (p – 1)d]  = 2A + (p – 1)d .....(i)
2 p
p 2q
p= [2A + (q – 1)d]  = 2A + (q – 1) d .....(ii)
2 p
on subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get
2 2
(q2 – p2) = (p – q) d  d= (p + q)
pq pq
 Sum of (p + q) terms is
pq pq p  q  2q  2 
= [2A + (p + q – 1) d] = [2A + (p – 1) d + qd] =  q  (p  q)
2 2 2 p  pq 
p  q  2q 2q 
=   2   = – (p  q) Ans.
2 p p

A-6. Numbers are a – d, a, a + d  s = a – d + a + a + d = 27  a=9

a(a2 –d2) = 504    9(81 –d2) = 504    81 – d2 = 56
d = 25
2
  d = ± 5. Numbers are 4, 9, 14

A-7.  (a – 3d) (a – d) (a + d) (a + 3d) + 16d4 = (a2 – 9d2) (a2 – d2) + 16d4

= a4 – a2d2 – 9a2d2 + 9d4 + 16d4 = a4 – 10a2d2 + 25d4 = [a2 – 5 d2]2
= (a2 – d2 – 4d2)2 =( (a – d) (a + d) – (2d)2 )2
 (a – d), (a + d), 2d are integers. Hence Proved

A-8. (i) a, b, c are in A.P. a (ab + bc + ac), b(ab + bc + ac), c(ab + bc + ac) are in A.P.
 a2 (b + c), b2 (c + a), c2 (a + b) are in A.P.
(ii) b + c – a, a + c – b, a + b – c are in A.P
  2(a + c –b) = (b + c – a) (a + b – c)  a + c = 2b  a , b , c are in A.P

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 Sequence and Series

 54  3  51
A-9. =d ; d=
n 1 n 1
51
38
A8 3 n 1 3 3n  3 408 3
=  =   
A n– 2 5 51 5 3n  3  51 n – 102 5
3  (n – 2)
n 1
  15n + 2055 = 162n – 297   147 n = 2352 ; n = 16
Section (B) :
B-1. Let the three terms be a, ar, ar2  ar2 = a2  a = r2 and ar = 8

 r3 = 8, r = 2 and a=4  T6 = 4(2)5 = 128

a a a
B-2. Let the Numbers are , a, ar so a3 = 216  a = 6  .a + a.ar + ar. = 156 
r r r
1 1 1 156
  a2 (1+ r + ) = 156  (1+ r + ) = 1 + r + = 
r r r 36
  r = 3 or 1/3. Numbers are 2, 6, 18 or 18, 6, 2

1– r 
2
a a3 (1  r)3 192
B-3. = 4  = 192  =  =3
1– r 1– r 3 1 r3 (4)3 1 r  r2
 1 + r2 – 2r = 3 + 3r + 3r2  2r2 + 5r + 2= 0  (2r + 1) (r + 2) = 0
r = –1/2, r = –2(rejected) When r = –1/2 , a = 6 so series is 6, –3, 3/2 .....

B-4. Let a – d , a, a + d   3a = 21  a =7
a – d, a –1, a + d + 1 are in G.P  7 – d, 6 , 8 + d are in G.P
 36 = (7– d) (8 + d)  36 = 56 – d –d2
 d2 + d – 20 = 0   d = –5 , 4
so Numbers are 3, 7, 11   12, 7, 2

Tq Tr a  (q  1)d a  (r  1)d
B-5. = = common ratio; = using dividendo
Tp Tq a  (p  1)d a  (q  1)d
(q  p) (r  q) Tq r q qr
=  = =
a  (p  1)d a  (q  1)d Tp qp pq

B-6. (i) Let b = ar

c = ar2 and d = ar3
So a2 (1– r2), a2(r2)(1 – r2),a2r4(1–r2) these are in G.P.
So (a2 – b2), (b2 – c2), (c2 – d2) are in G.P.

1 1 1 1 1 1
(ii) , 2 , = 2 , 2 2 , 2 4 are in G.P.
a b
2 2
b  c2 c d
2 2
a (1  r ) a r (1  r ) a r (1  r 2 )
2 2

1/ 6
 243 3  3
B-7. Common ratio of means =   =
 2 32  2
 means are 16, 24, 36, 54, 81
their sum is 211.
Section (C) :

1 1
C-1. T7 =  a + 6d = 20 ; T13 =  a + 12d = 38
20 38
1 1
d = 3, a = 2 so T4 = =
29 11
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 Sequence and Series
1
C-2. 1, A1, A2, A3,
7
1
= 1 + 4 .d
7
1
–1
–6 –3
d= 7 = =
4 28 14
3 11
A1 = 1 – =
14 14
6 18
A2 = 1 – =
14 14
9 5
A3 =1 – =
14 14
14 14 14
so , , are three harmonic means
11 8 5

a–x a–y a–z

C-3. Let   k
px qy rz
a–x a–y a–z
P= ,q = ,r =
kx kx kz
a– y a– x a– z
2  
 ky  kx kz
a  a a
2  – 1 = – 1 + – 1
y  x z
2a a a
 
y x z
2 1 1
 
y x z
Hence x, y, z are in H.P.

C-4. a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.

Let b + c, c + a, a + b are in H.P.
1 1 1
then are in A.P.
bc c a ab
2 1 1
= +
ca bc ab
2b2 = a2 + c2
hence a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
if a2 , b2, c2 are in A.P. then b + c, c + a, a – b are in H.P.

2ac
C-5. b=
ac
1 1 1 1
+ = 
ba bc a c
1 1 1 1 (a  c) (a  c)
L.H.S. =  = + = +
ba bc 2ac 2ac a(2c  a  c) c(2a  a  c)
a c
ac ac
ac (a  c) a  c  1 1 ac 1 1
= + =    = = + = RHS
a(c  a) c(a  c) (c  a)  a c  ac a c

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 Sequence and Series
2 3
C-6. (i) 1+ + 2 + ........... n terms
2 2
n
Tn =
2n–1
2 3 n
S = 1+ + 2 +............+ n–1 ...(i)
2 2 2
1 1 2 (n – 1) n
S= + 2 + ..........+ n–1
+ n ...(ii)
2 2 2 2 2
(i) – (ii) we get
1 1 1 1 n
S = [1+ + 2 +.........+ n–1 ] – n
2 2 2 2 2
  1 n 
1. 1–   
  2  
n
1 n  1  2n 2n
S= – n  S = 4 –4   – n ; S = 4 – n–1
2
1–
1 2 2 2 2
2
3 7 15 31
(ii) S=1+ + + + + ........ ..... (i)
4 16 64 256
1 1 3 7
S= + + + ........   ..... (ii)
4 4 16 64
(i) – (ii), we get
3 1 1 1 3 1 8
S=1+ + + + ........ S= S =
4 2 4 8 4 1/ 2 3

C-7. Tr = (2r + 1) 2r
S = 3.2 + 5.22 + 7.23 + .........+ (2n + 1) 2n ...(i)
2S = 3.22 + 5.23 + .........+ (2n + 1) 2n + (2n + 1) 2n–1 ...(ii)
(i) – (ii) we get
– S = 3.2 + (2.22 + 2.23 + ......+ 2.2n) – (2n +1) 2n+1  – S = 6 + 8 (2n–1 –1) – (2n + 1) 2n+1
S = 2 – 2n+2 + n. 2n+2 + 2n+1  S = n.2n+2 – 2n+1 + 2
Section (D) :
x 2 y  y 2 z  z2 x
D-1. (i) (x2y + y2z + z2x) (xy2 + yz2 + zx2)  9x2y2z2   (x2y. y2z. z2x)1/3
3
x2y + y2z + z2x  3xyz ......(i)
xy 2  yz2  zx 2
and  (xy2 . yz2 . zx2)1/3  xy2 + yz2 + zx2  3xyz ......(ii)
3
By (i) and (ii)
  (x2y + y2z + z2x) (xy2 + yz2 + zx2)  9x2y2z2
(ii) (a +b) (b + c) (c + a) > abc
abc  b2c  bc 2  c 2a  a2b  ab2  abc  a2c
 (abc. b2c. bc2. c2a. a2b. ab2. abc. a2c)
8
  (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)  8abc  (a + b) (b + c) (c + a) > abc

x100
D-2.
1  x  x 2  x3  .....  x 200
AM  GM
1
1  x  x 2  x3  .....  x 200 1
1  x  x 2  x3  .....  x 200  201  201
 
. 200
 1 . x . x 2 .....x 
200 201
  x 2 
201 201  
1  x  x 2  x3  .....  x 200 x100
1
 x100  
201 1  x  x  x  .....  x
2 3 200
201

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 Sequence and Series
2ab 16
D-3. Let a and b are two numbers = ..... (1)
ab 5
ab
=A and ab = G
2
 2A + G2 = 26  (a + b) + ab = 26 ..... (2)
10 ab
 + ab = 26  26 ab = 26 × 16  ab = 16 
16
  from (1), we get a + b = 10 So a, b are (2, 8) Ans.

(a  b  c)  (a  c  b)  (b  c  a)
D-4.  ((a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a))1/3
3
(a+b+c)  3((a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a))1/3
(a+b+c)3  27 (a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a) Hence Proved

D-5. Using A.M.  G.M.

1  a1  a12
 a1  1 + a1 + a21  3a1
3
similarly 1 + a2 + a22  3a2
: : :
1 +an + a2n  3an
multiplying
(1 + a1 + a21) (1 + a2 + a22) .........(1 + an + a2n) 3n(a1 a2 a3 ...... an)
Section (E) :

E-1. (i) S = 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ...........n terms ...(i)

S = 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ...........T n ...(ii)
(i) – (ii) we get
0 = 1+ [ 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 +........(n –1) term] – Tn

Tn = 1 +
4 2n–1
–1
= 1+2n+1 – 4 = 2n+1 – 3
(2 – 1)
Sn =  Tn =  (2n+1 – 3) = (2n+2 – 4) – 3n = 2n+2 –3n – 4

3
(ii) S= 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 + ........ n term.
9
3
S = [9 + 99 + 999 + .........n term] = [(10 – 1) + (102 – 1) + (103 – 1) + ......n term]
9
3 10(10n  1)  3
=   n = [10n +1 – 9n – 10]
9  10  1  81

1 3 7 15  1  1  1  1
E-2. Let S=     ...... to n term =  1–    1–    1–    1– + ... n term
2 4 8 16  2  4  8   16 
1 1 1 1 
= (1 + 1 + 1 +.....n times) –      ....n term 
 2 4 8 16 
1  1 
n
 1– 
2   2  
 = n – 1 + 1 = n . 2 – 2 1
n n
=n– 
 1 2n 2n
 1– 2 
 

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 Sequence and Series

3n 1  3 2n 1  2
E-3. (i) Tn = 3n – 2n ; Sn = 3 n
– 2n
Sn =
2
–
1
; Sn =
2

1 n1

3  1 – 2n+1
k k

  n(n  2) = 6 k(k + 1) (2k + 7)

1
(ii) tn =
n2 n2
(iii) clearly n6 term of the given series is negative or positive accordingly as n is even or odd respectively
(a) n is even
12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + 52 – 62 + ....... + (n – 1)2 – n2 = (12 – 22) + (32 – 42) + (52 – 62) + .....((n – 1)2 – n2)
n(n  1)
= (1 – 2) (1 – 2) + (3 – 4) (3 + 4) + (5 – 6) (5 + 6) + ...... + ((n –1) – (n)) (n – 1 + n) = –
2
(b) n is odd (12 – 22) + (32 – 42) + ..... {(n – 2)2 – (n – 1)2} + n2
= (1 – 2) (1 + 2) + (3 – 4) (3 + 4)+ ........+ [(n – 2) – (n – 1)) [ (n–2) + (n – 1)] + n2
(n – 1)(n – 1  1) n(n  1)
= –(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +..........+ (n–2) + (n – 1)) + n2 =  n2 =
2 2
10 n
(iv)  (3r  7)
r 1
2
= 6265 (v) Sn =  (r)
r 1
= n(2n2 + 9n + 13)  I(r) = Sr – Sr–1

= r(2r2 + 9r + 13) – (r – 1) (2 (r – 1)2 + 9(r – 1) + 13)= 6r2 + 12r + 6 – 6 (r + 1)2  (r) = 6(x  1)
n n
 n  3n 
2
3 2
  (r) = 6  (r  1) = 6  = (n  3n)
r 1 r 1  2  2
1 1 1 1
E-4. (i) S= + + + ......n terms; Tn =
1.3.5 3.5.7 5.7.9 (2n  1)(2n  1)(2n  3)
1  1 1  1  1 1  1  1 1 
 Tn =  ;T =  ,T =  ,
4  (2n  1)(2n  1) (2n  1)(2n  3)  1 4 1.3 3.5  2 4  3.5 5.7 
1  1 1  1  1 1 
T3 =  Tn =   sum of all terms gives Sn

4  5.7 7.9  4  (2n  1)(2n  1) (2n  1)(2n  3) 
1 1 1 
 Sn = 

4  3 (2n  1)(2n  3) 
(ii) 1.3.22 + 2.4.32 + 3.5.42 + ......... n terms
Tn = n(n + 2) (n + 1)2 = n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3 – 2)
Tn = n (n+1) (n+2) (n+3) – 2(n) (n+1) (n + 2)
Sn = S1 – 2S2
n n
1
S1 = r
r 1
(r  1)(r  2)(r  3) =  5 [r(r  1)(r  2)(r  3)(r  4)
r 1
– (r – 1) r (r + 1) (r + 2) (r + 3)

1 1 1 1
= [1.2.3.4.5 – 0] + [2.3.4.5.6 – 1.2.3.4.5] + [3.4.5.6.7 – 2.3.4.5.6] +........ + [n (n +1)
5 5 5 5
(n + 2) (n + 3) (n + 4) – (n – 1) n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3)]
1
  S1 = [n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (n + 4)]
5
n
1 n
Now S2 =  r (r  1)(r  2) =  [r(r  1)(r  2)(r  3)  (r  1) r(r  1)(r  2)]
r 1 4 r 1
1 1 1
= [1.2.3.4 – 0] + [2.3.4.5 – 1.2.3.4] + [3.4.5.6 – 2.3.4.5]
4 4 4
1
......... + [n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) – (n – 1) n (n + 1) (n + 2)]
4
1
  S2 = [n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3)]
4
 n (n  1)(n  2)(n  3)(n  4)  2
  Sn =   – 4 [n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3)]
 5 
n  4 1 1
= n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3)   = n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (2n + 3)
 5 2  10
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 Sequence and Series

PART - II
Section (A) :
2p  1
A-1. S= [2(p2 + 1) + 2p] = (2p + 1) (p2 + 1 + p) = 2p3 + 3p2 + 3p + 1 = p3 + (p + 1)3
2

A-2. a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225  3 (a1 + a24) = 225

(sum of terms equidistant from beginning and end are equal) a1 + a24 = 75
24
Now a1 + a2 + ........ + a23 + a24 = [a1 + a24] = 12 × 75 = 900
2
A-3. 2, 5, 8 .........
a = 2, d = 3  S2n = n (4 + (2n – 1) 3] = n(6n + 1)  57, 59, 61,........
Sn = [2 × 57 + (n – 1) 2] = n[57 + n – 1] = n (56 + n)
n (6n + 1) = n (56 + n)  5n = 55  n = 11.

50
A-4. Sum of the integer divided by 2 = 2 + 4 + ..........+ 98 + 100 = [2.2 + (50 –1)2] = 50 [51] = 2550
2
20
Sum of the integer divided by 5 = 5 + 10 +...................95 + 100 = [5 + 100] = 1050
2
10
Sum of the integer divided by 10    [10 + 100] = 550
2
Sum of the integers divided by 5 or 10 = 2550 + 1050 – 550 = 3050

ba  a2  b2 
A-5. A12 – A22 + A32 – A42 + A52 – A62 = – d (A1 + A2 + .....+ A6) = –   (3(b + a)) = 3   = Prime
 7   7 
 a = 4, b = 3
Section (B) :
B-1. T3 = 4
T1. T2. T3. T4. T5 = a5. r 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = a5. r10 = (ar2)5 = 45

a S–a a[1  r n ]   S – a n 
B-2. S = r = ; S = = S 1    
1 r S 1 r   S  
a a 2 a 2
B-3. a1 = 2; an+1 = n ;a2 = 1 = ; a3 = 2 = 2
3 3 3 3 3
  1 20 
2 . 1    
2 2   3    1 
a1 + a2 +.......................+ a20 = 2 + + 2 + .......... = = 3  1– 20 
3 3 1–
1  3 
3

B-4.  = 3 ,  = a ;  = 12 ,  = b

 are in G.P. Let r be the common ratio so  (1+ r) = 3
r2(1+ r) = 12  r2 = 4   r=2
so  = 1  so a = 2, b = 32 Ans

24
B-5. = 3[24 + 12 + 6 + .........] = 3 = 144
1
1
2

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 Sequence and Series
B-6. If a, G1, G2, G3, b are in G.P. with common ratio equal to 'r' then G1– a, G2 –G1, G3 – G2, b–G3 are also
G3  G2 b
in G.P. with same common ratio  r=2 = r4 = 16
G2  G1 a

Section (C) :
1 1 3
C-1. T3 = , T 6 = . T n=
3 5 203
203
then 3rd , 6th term of A.P. series are 3, 6,
3
a + 2d = 3  a = 5d = 5
2 5
d= ,a=
3 3
203 5 203
a + (n – 1)d =  + (n–1) =
3 3 3
(n–1)2 = 198
n = 100
1 1 1 1
 
1 1 1 ba bc
C-2. a, b, c are in H.P., then , , are in A.P. S = + = a b + c b
a b c b–a b–c 1 1 1 1
– –
a b c b
1 1 1 1
Let –  –  d
a b b c
 1 1  1 1  1 1
a  b–c  b  – 
S=     =  a c   2d = 2
d d d
C-3. x3 – 11x2 + 36x – 36 = 0
if roots are in H.P. , then roots of new equation
1 11 36
–  – 36  0 are in A.P.
x3 x 2 x
36x3 + 36x2 – 11x + 1 = 0
36x3 – 36x2 + 11x –1 = 0
Let the roots be , , 
 = 1
1
3 = 1 (2, =  + )  =
3
so middle roots in 3.
a b c d
C-4. a, b, c, d ; , , , 
abcd abcd abcd abcd
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , ; , , , 
bcd acd abd abc abc abd acd bcd
abc, abd, acd, bcd 
1 1
C-5. 3+ (3+d) + 2 (3+2d) + ..................+  = 8
4 4
S = 3 + (3+d) + (3+2d) + ..................+  ...... (i)
1 3 1
S= + 2 (3 + d) + ..............  ...... (ii)
4 4 4
(i) – (ii) we get
1
d
3 1 1 3
S=3+ d + 2 d + ..........  S = 3 + 4 
4 4 4 4 1
1
4

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 Sequence and Series
3 d 12 4 4 4
 S=3+ ;S= + d=8=4+ d = 8  d = 4  d = 9 Ans
4 3 3 9 9 9

ab ab
C-6. n  = n  2ab   ab = 1
 2   
C-7. If first and last term of A.P. and H.P. are same the product of x terms begining in A.P. and kth term from
end in H.P. is constant and equal = first term × last term
a7 h24 + a14 h17 = ab + ab = 2ab = 2(25) (2) = 100

C-8. Let a, b, c in G.P. then b2 = ac then a + b, 2b, b + c in HP

1 1 1 2 1 1
, , in AP = +
a  b 2b b  c 2b ab bc
(a + b) (b + c) = (a + c + 2b) b  ab + b2 + ac + bc = ab + bc + 2b2
 b2 = ac
So statement (1) and (2) is true

 1
310  
 6  = 6 .3   25  S = 310
10 2 10
3
C-9. S=   36 
 1  1
2
52  

6   1  6 
 1


3 15 35 63
C-10. S=     .......
2 22 23 24

1 3 15 35
S     .......
2 22 23 24

S 3 12 20
    .......
2 22 22 23
again use same concept S = 23
Section (D) :
D-1. xR
51+x + 51–x , a/2 , 52x +5–2x are in A.P
a = (52x + 5–2x) + (51+x + 51–x)  a = (52x + 5–2x) + 5(5x + 5–x) = (5x –5–x)2 +2 + 5 (5x/2 – 5–x/2)2 + 10
a =12 + (5x – 5–x)2 + 5(5 x/2 – 5–x/2)2  a 12

abc
D-2. AM = A = ; GM = G = (abc)1/3
3
3abc 3G3
HM = H = = .
ab  bc  ca ab  bc  ca
Equation whose roots are a,b,c  x3 –(a + b + c)x2 + (ab)x –abc = 0
3G3
 x3 – 3Ax2 + .x –G3 = 0 Ans
H
D-3. a + b + c + d = 2   a, b, c, d > 0
(a  b)  (c  d)
 (a  b) (c  d)  1 (a  b) (c  d) 0 
2
  0 (a + b) (c + d) 1  0 M 1
a a b b b c c
D-4. Taking A.M. and G.M. of number, , , , , , ,
2 2 3 3 3 2 2

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 Sequence and Series
a b c
2.  3.  2.   a  2  b 3  c  2 
1/ 7

we get A.M.  G.M. 2 3 2        

7  2   3   2  
 
1/ 7
3  a 2b3 c 2  37 a 2 b3 c 2 310.24
or   2 3 2 or  or a2b3c2 
7  2 .3 .2  77 24.33 77
310.24
 Greatest value of a2 b3 c2 =
77
 
2

ab a  b  2 ab a b
D-5. P= ,Q= ab ; P – Q = =
2 2 2
Section (E) :
1 1 1
E-1 Hn = 1 + + + ........ +
2 3 n
3 5 2n  1  1  1  1
1+ + + ......... + = (2 – 1) +  2   +  2   + ......... +  2  n  = 2n – Hn
2 3 n  2  3  
E-2. S = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + 16...............T n ...(i)
S = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 ...............Tn ...(ii)
(i) – (ii) we get
n  1 n n2 n
O = 1+(1+2+3+4+5............(n–1) term) – Tn  Tn  1   –  1
2 2 2
 General term = Tn = an2 + bn + c here a = 1/2, b= –1/2, c = 1
n n  1) (2n  1 n n  1 
Sn = T n =
12 4
+n –

30. 31. 61 30. 31

S30 = – + 30 = 4727.5 – 232.5 + 30 = 4525 Ans (D)
12 4
n
1 n
(a  rx)  a  (r  1) x
E-3.  ;  ;
r 1 ar x  a  (r  1) x r  1 (a  rx)  (a  (r  1) x)
1
= [ ( a  x  a  0.x ) + ( a  2x  a  x ) + ( a  3x  a  2x) + ..... + ( a  nx  a  (n  1) x) ]
x
1  n
= a  nx  a  = Ans
x   a  a  nx
10 10 10
E-4.  (2r  1)r
r 1
2
  2r
r 1
3
  r 2 = 6050 – 385 = 5665
r 1

PART - III
1. (A) 1x50 – (1 + 3 + 5 + ...... + 99)x49 + ( )x48 ....... coefficient x49 = –502 = –2500
2n
2a   2n – 1 d 2a   2n – 1 d
S 2n 3 2a
(B) = 2 =3 = =  d=
Sn n
2a   n – 1 d 2a  n – 1 d 2 n 1
2
 2a 
3n
2a   3n – 1 d 3 2a   3n – 1
n  1 3  n  1   3n – 1 
=  = 
S3n 3.4n
Now = 2 = =6
Sn n
2a   n – 1 d  2a   n  1   n – 1 2n
2 2a   n – 1 n  1
 
 
 1  1  1 1 
(C) S =  2  ; S = 2   r – 1 – r  1
r 2  r – 1 r 2  
1  1 1   1 1  1 1  1 1  1  1 3
S=   –    –    –    –   ...............  = 1  2  = 4
2  1 3  2 4 3 5 4 6  2  
(D) , r, r 2
  r = 27
3 3
(volume)  r = 3
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 Sequence and Series
surface area
 3 3 2 33 
2( .r + r . r2 + r2 ) = 78  2 (r + r2 + r3) = 39  2   2  3  = 39
 
33 9
3 + 32 + = 39    +3+ = 13

 2 – 10 + 9 = 0    = 1, 9  r = 3 and  > r

1
 r=  =9
3

2. (A) a, x, y, z, b in A.P. & a, x, y, z, b in H.P.

1 1 1 1 1 ab ab ab
, , , , in A.P. ; a, , , ,b in A.P,
b z y x a z y x

  ab = xz = y2 = zx = ba
 xz.y2 .zx = (ab) (ab) (ab)
 (xyz) (xyz) = a3 b3
ab = 3  a = 1, b = 3
or a = 3, b = 1

(B) S = 21/4 .41/8 .81/16................  S = 21/4 .22/8 .23/16................

 S = 21/4 + 2/8 + 3/16 .............

 2S 

1 2 3
Let S = + + ............
4 8 16
1 2 3 n
Sn = + + ............ n 1 ...(i)
4 8 16 2
Sn 1 2 n 1 n
= + +.........+ n 1 + n  2 ...(ii)
2 8 16 2 2
(i) – (ii) we get
Sn 1 1 1 1 n
= + + +........... n 1 – n  2
2 4 8 16 2 2

1  1– 1/ 2  
n
Sn n
 =   – n 2
2 4  1– 1/ 2  2
 

2.2   1 n  2n
Sn =  1     – n  2  S = 1
4  2  2
 

 S = 2S = 2

xz
(C) x,y,z are in A.P y = ,
2
or 2y = x + z
(x + 2y – z) (x + z + z – x) (z + x –y) = (x + (x + z) – z) (x + z + z – x) (2y–y) = 2x .2z .y = 4xyz
 k=4

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 Sequence and Series
30
1 7
31– 1 30 A7 m 1 = 5
(D) d= = ; 
m 1 m  1 A m 1 30 9
1  (m  1)
m 1
m  211 5
   
31 m  29 9

 146 m = 2044  m =14

m
 =2
7

EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
x1 x2 x3 x 2013 1
1.   = ...... = =
x1  1 x 2  3 x3  5 x 2013  4025 
1 3 5 4025
 x1 = ,x = ,x = , ........, x2013 =
 1 2  1 3  1  1
2
 x1, x2, x3, ........, x2013 are in A.P. with common difference = =d
 1
2
x1, x2, x3, ........, x2013 = =d
 1
2. 2b = a + c and b2 = ac
case-
3 1
if b2 = ac and a+c+b=   b=
2 2
1 1
a+c=1  ac =  (1 – c) c =
4 4
1 1 1
c2 – c + = 0  c=  a=
4 2 2
a = b = c so not valid
case-
1 1
 b2 = – ac and b = ; a+c=1  ac = –
2 4
1 1
(1 – c) c = –  c2 – c – =0
4 4
1 1 1 1 2
 c= =
2 2
1 2 1– 2
c=  a=
2 2

3. S1 + S2 + S3 + ....... + Sp
n n
 S1 = [2.1 + (n – 1) 1] S2 = [2.2 + (n – 1) 3]
2 2
n
S3 = [2.3 + (n – 1) 5]
2

  
n
Sp = [2.p + (n – 1) (2p – 1)]
2

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 Sequence and Series
n
So S1 + S2 + ..... + Sp = [2(1 + 2 + ..... p) + (n – 1) (1 + 3 + 5 + ..... (2p – 1))]
2
n  p (p  1)  n p
=  2 .  (n  1) p2  = (n p + 1) Ans.
2  2  2

ar p 1(r n  1) ar q1(r n  1)
4. =k . ; rp–1 = k. rq–1 ; k = rp–q
r 1 r 1

5. 452 = 2025 & 462 = 2116

 there are 45 squares  2056
which are left only from sequence of possible integers since 2056 = 2011 + 45
 2011th term = 2056 
1 1 1
6. x= ,y= ,z= a, b, c are in A.P.
1 a 1 b 1 c
1 1 1
 1 – a, 1 – b, 1 – c are also in A.P.  , , are in H.P.
1 a 1 b 1 c
n n n
a ai 1
7. f(k)  a
r 1
r – ak  = a – a
r 1
r
r 1
k f(k) =  – nak f(i) =  – nai i 
f(i)  – nai
=

<ai> in A.P.
–n
ai
1  1 a
   in A.P.   – n  in A.P.    in H.P.   i  in A.P.
ai ai  f(i)
–n
ai
a1  a2  a3  ......2an
8. a1 · a2 · a3 · .......an = c   (a1a2a3 ... 2an)1/n  (2c)1/n 
n
  a1 + a2 + a3 + ........2an  n(2 c)1/n

n(n  1)2
9. 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 2.62 + ......n terms = , when n is even
2
(n  1)2
12 + 2. 22 + 32 +.....2. n2= n when n is odd n + 1 is even
2
(n  2)2
12 + 2. 22 + 32 +..... n2 + 2. (n + 1)2 = (n + 1)
2
 (n  2)2
 (n  1) n2
12 + 2. 22 + 32 +..... n2 = (n + 1)  – 2(n  1) =
 2  2
10. Sn – Sn–2 = 2  Tn + Tn–1 = 2
 1  2 2n2 2(m  1)2
Also Tn – Tn–1 = 2; Tn + Tn–1 =  2  1 Tn–1 = 2 Tn–1 =  So T =
1  (m  1)2
1 2 1 n
m
n 
2
1
n
11. If 12 + 22 + 32 + ......... + 20032 = (2003) (4007) (334)
(1) (2003) + (2) (2002) + (3) (2001) + ......... + (2003) (1) = (2003) (334) (x)
2003 2003 2003
 r
r 1
(2003  r  1) = (2003) (334) (x)  2004. 
r 1
r – 
r 1
r 2 = (2003) (334) (x)

 2003 . 2004 
 2004   . – 2003. (4007). 334 = (2003) (334) (x)
 2 
 x = 2005 Ans.
n n 1 n n  1n  2 
12. 
r 1
tr = Sn  
r 1
tr = Sn – 1 tn = Sn – Sn – 1 =
2
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 Sequence and Series
n n
   1
  r r  1r  2
1 2 1 1 1
tr
= =   n n  1  n  1n  2  = –  n  1n  2  2 
r 1 r 1    
1 1 1  2
13.  = + 2 + 2 +......  =
12 2 3 6
1 1 1
Let + 2 + 2 + ......... = A
12 3 5
1 1 1  1 1 1 1 
 =  2  2  2  ......  + 2  2  2  2  ...... 
 1 3 5  2  1 2 3 
 3 3 2 2
 = A+ A = = ×  A =
4 4 4 6 8

14. = (–12 + 22 + 32 + 42 – 52 + 62 + 72 + 82 …..) + (12 + 22 – 32 – 42 + 52 + 62 – 72 – 82…..) – 4(62 + 142 + …)

= 2[22 – 62 + 102 – 142 + ……] {2n terms }
= 2[(2– 6)(2 + 6) + (10 – 14)(10 + 14)…..]
= 2 × (–4)[2 + 6 + 10 + 14 …..] {2n terms }
= 2 × (–4) × 2[1 + 3 + 5 + 7 …..] {2n terms }
= –16(2n)2 = –64n2 = –(8n)2
PART - II
1. Let first installment be = 'a' and the common difference of the A.P. be ‘d’
So a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ....... + (a + 39d) = 3600
40
 [2a + 39 d] = 3600
2
 2a + 39 d = 180 ..... (1)
30
and [2a + 29 d] = 2400 
2
  2a + 29d = 160 ..... (2)
By equations (1) & (2), we get
d = 2 and a = 51 Ans.

R
2. Area = A1 = R2  OB =
2
 R2   R2 R2  1
So Area A2 =    . So Lim  ( R 2
)    ....  =R2 . = 2R2
 2  n 
 2 4   1 
1  2 
 

2R 2 2R 2 2R 2
Now sum of areas of the squares = 2R2 + + + .......  = = 4R2
2 4 1
1
2
3. a + 6d = 9 ; T1 T2 T7 = a(a + d) (a + 6d) = 9a (a + d) = 9(9 – 6d) (9 – 5d)
 T7 = a + 6d = 9.
Let A = T1 T2 T7
dA
= 9[–45 – 54 + 60 d] = 0  60 d = 99
d(d)
33
 d= Ans.
20

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 Sequence and Series
4. Let AP has 2n terms
n
Sum of odd term = 24   [a + a2n – 1] = 24 ..... (1)
2 1
n
and sum of even terms = 30  [a2 + a2n] = 30 ..... (2)
2
21
and a2n = a1 + 
2
21 21
  a1 + (2n – 1)d = a1 +  (2n – 1) d = ..... (3)
2 2
By equation (1) & (2)
48 60
a1 + a2n – 1 = and a2 + a2n =
n n
24 30 6
So a1 + (n – 1)d = and a1 + nd = So d=
n n n
6 21 6 3
Now (2n – 1) =  n = 4, d = 
n 2 4 2
3 9
So no. of terms = 2n = 8 and a1 = 3/2. Numbers are , 3, .......
2 2

5. AP(1, 3) = {1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16……}

AP(3, 5) = {3, 8, 13, 18, ……}
AP(5, 7) = {5, 12, 19, 26, 33, ……}
AP(1, 3)  AP(3, 5) = AP(13, 15) = {13, 28, 43, 58, 73, 88, 103, ……}
AP(1, 3)  AP(3, 5)  AP(5, 7) = AP{103, 105)

1 1
6. log2 x + log2 ( x ) + log2 (x)1/4 + log2 (x)1/8 + ..... = 4  log2 x + log2 x + log2 x + .... = 4
2 4
log2 x
 =4  log2 x = 2  x=4
1
1
2
 x  3x  2 
2
x(x3  1)
   3x  log2 8
 x2  (x  1)(x 2  x  1) x 1
=
(x  1)(log2 3)(log3 4)(log4 5)(log5 2) x 1

4 1 6 1
7. += ,  = and +  =
,  =
A A B B
2 1
Since , , ,  are in H.P.  = = is root of Bx2 – 6x + 1 = 0  B = 8
 2
2 1
similarly  = = is root of Ax2 – 4x + 1 = 0 A = 3
 3

8. ar2, 3a.ar3, ar are in A.P. d = 1/8

3a2r3 – ar2 = 1/8 .....(1) ; ar = a2 + 2.1/8 ......(2)
1
  
2
from (2) a = ......(3)
4r(1  r)
1
from (1) & (3) r = ; r = –2 but 0<r<1
2
1 1 1 1 1
r=  a = 1  1, , , ......... sum = =2
2 2 4 8 1
1
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 Sequence and Series
9. a, b, c are in G.P.  b2 = ac  (a – b), (c – a), (b – c) are in H.P.
1 1 1 b
So , , are in AP. Let a, b, c are , b, br
ab c a bc r
1 1 1 2 1 1
So , , are in AP. So = +
b b b  br b b b  br
 b br  br  b
r r r r
2r r 1 2r
 = +  – = (1 + r)  (1 + r)2 = –2r
r2  1 1 r 1 r (r  1)
c 4b
 r2 + 1 + 4r = 0  +1+ =0  a + 4b + c = 0
a a

2ab
10. a, a1, a2 ........, a2n, b are in AP and a, g1, g2, ........g2n, b are in GP and h=
ab
a1  a2n a  a2n 1 a  an 1 ab ab ab ab 2n
 + 2 + ...... + n = + + ....... + = 2n   .= h
g1 g2n g2 g2n 1 gn gn 1 ab ab ab  2ab 

ab 2ab 3ab

11. =6 G2 + 3H = 48  ab + 3 = 48  ab + = 48
2 ab 6
3
 ab = 48  ab = 32    a = 4 , b = 8.
2
5 55 555 5  10 – 1 102 – 1 103 – 1 
12. S= + + + .........S =     ..... 
13  13  9  13 13  13  
2 3 2 3
13

 10  1 
5  13   5 10 1  5  39  65
=  –  13   = – = = Ans
9  10  1  9  3 12  9  12  36
1–  1– 
 13  13  
22 32 42 52 62
13. S= 12 – + 2 – 3 + 4 – 5 +.............. ...(i)
5 5 5 5 5
2 2 2
1 1 2 3 4 52
– S = – 2 + 3 – 4 + 5 – +.............. ...(ii)
5 5 5 5 5 5
(i) – (ii) we get
6 3 5 7 9 11
S = 1– + 2 – 3 + 4 – 5 +................. ...(iii)
5 5 5 5 5 5
6 1 3 5 7 9
– S = – + 2 – 3 + 4 – 5 +................. ...(iv)
25 5 5 5 5 5
(iii) – (iv) we get
6s  6  2 2 2 2
  =1–  –  – .........
5 5 5 5 2 53 5 4
 
36 2  1  36 2 5 2 25 2 25
S = 1–  ; S = 1–  = ; S= × = Ans
25 5  1 25 5 6 3 36 3 54
1
 5 

14. x1 + x2 + x3 +...............+ x50 = 50

AM  HM
x1  x 2  ........  x50 1
 
50 1 1 1 1
   .... 
x1 x 2 x 3 x 50
50
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 Sequence and Series
x1  x 2  ..........  x50 50
  
50 1 1 1
  ........ 
x1 x 2 x50
1 1 1
   ........   50
x1 x 2 x50
1 1 1
so min value of   ........  = 50
x1 x 2 x50

(a1  a2 )  (a3  a4 )
15.  (a1  a2 )(a3  a4 )
2
225
 (a1  a2 )(a3  a4 ) 
4
n  1   8n  n  1 
2
n
  1  
S3 1  8 S1  2 2 1  4n n  1  9
16. =     =  = 9 Ans
 n  n  1  2n  1   2n  1
2 2 2
S 2
 
 6 

n 1  (2n)  1  1 1 
17. Tn = =  2 
; Tn =   2 
1 n  n
2 4
2  (1  n  n )(1  n  n ) 
2
2 1  n  n 1  n  n 
2

1 1 1  1  1 1 1 1 1 
T1 =  , ; T2 =  , T3 =  ,
2 1 3  2  3 7  2  7 13 

1  1 1 
Tn =   2 
2 1  n  n 1  n  n 
2

1  1  n  n2
Sn =  Tn = 1 2 
=
2  1 n  n  2(1  n  n2 )

PART - III
1. Let a, a + d, a + 2d ....... are Interior angles
 sum of interior angles = (n – 2)  , where n is the number of sides
n
 a = 120°, d = 5°  [240° + (n – 1) 5°] = (n – 2) 180°
2
 n2 = 25n – 144   n = 16, 9 but n  16
because if n = 16, then an interior angle will be 180° which is not possible. So n = 9

2. 1, logy x, logz y, –15 logx z are in AP. Let commen diff. is d.

logy x = 1 + d  x = (y)1 + d ; logz y = 1 + 2d  y = (z)1 + 2d
 1 3d 
 
– 15 logx z = 1 + 3d  z = x  15 
 1 3d 
  (1  d) (1  2d)
So x = (y)1 + d = ((z)1 + 2d)1 + d  x = (x) 15 
So (1 + d) (1 + 2d) (1 + 3d) = –15
So d = –2  x = (y)–1  y = (z)–3  z = (x)1/3  z3 = x. Ans.
3. (D) a1 + 4a2 + 6a3 – 4a4 + a5 = 0  a – 4(a + d) + 6(a + 2d) – 4(a + 3d) + (a + 4d) = 0 – 0 = 0
Like wise we can check other options
1 b
4. a, b are in G.P. hence a2 = or 16a2 = b ......(1)
16 16

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 Sequence and Series

2a
1 6 2a
a, b, are in H.P. hence, b= = ....(2)
6 1 6a  1
a
6
From (1) and (2)
2a  1 
16a2 =  2a =  8a  =0  48a2 + 8a – 1 = 0
6a  1 
(a 0)
6a  1 
1 1
 (4a + 1)(12a – 1) = 0  a=  ,
4 12
2 2
1  1 1  1 1
when a = , then from (1) ; b = 16    = 1  when a = then from (1)  b = 16   
4  4 12  12  9
1 1 1
therefore a =  , b = 1 or a= ,b=
4 12 9
5. We have 1111.....1 (91 digits) = 1090 + 1089 + ..... + 102 + 101 + 100

1091 – 1 (1091 – 1)  107 – 1  1091 – 1  107 – 1 

= = ×  7  =  
10 – 1 10 – 1  10 – 1  107 – 1  10 – 1 
= (1084 + 1077 + 1070 + ... + 1) (106 + 105 + ... + 1)
Thus 111.... 1 (91 digits) is not a prime number
1 c2  c2
6. a + b + c = 25  2a = 2 + b  c2 = 18b   2    c  25 
2 18  18
c2
 c = 12, –24  c  –24   b= =8  a=5
18
a 3
7.  =4 and ar =
1– r 4
3 / 4r 3
 =4   = 4 – 4r
1– r 4r
16r2 – 16r + 3 = 0   16r2 – 12r – 4r + 3 = 0
1 3
4r (4r – 3) – 1 (4r – 3) = 0   (4r – 3) (4r – 1) = 0  r= ,
4 4
 1 1 
8. 1    .....  + (1  ( 2)  (2 2  1)  ......)  r = 1/ 2 d= 2 –1
 2 2 

9. ak–1 [ak–2 + ak] = 2akak–2

2ak ak 2 1 1 1
ak–1 =  , , are in A.P.  Ak–2, Ak–1, Ak are in A.P.
ak  ak 2 ak 2 ak 1 ak
2p
S2p (2a  (2p  1)d)
Now = 2 for independent of p
Sp p
(2a  (p  1)d)
2
2a – d = 0  d = 2a or d = 0 
 if d = 2a  A1 = 1, d = 2
A2016 = 1 + 2015 × 2 = 4031
1 1
 a2016 = =
A 2016 4031
If d = 0, A1 = 1 = A2 = A3 ....... = A2016

a k 1
10. is constant  G.P.
ak
an > am for n > m  increasing G.P.
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 Sequence and Series
a1 + an = 66 a2an–1 = 128
a + arn–1 = 66 a.arn–1 = 128 ....... (2)
a(1 + rn–1) = 66 ....... (1)
a(66 – a) = 128  a2 – 66a + 128 = 0
(a – 2)(a – 64) = 0  a = 2, a = 64
 rn–1 = 32
n
a(r n  1) 2(32r  1)
i 1
ai  126 
r 1
= 126 
r 1
 126 

 64r = 126 + 124 n = 6

11. Case - I
r>1
a2 + a2r2 = a2r4  r4 – r2 – 1 = 0
5 1 5 1
r2 = ;r=
2 2
1  2 
tangent of smallest angle = tan = =  
r  5  1
Case - II

0<r<1
a2 = a2r2 + a2r4
 r4 + r2 – 1 = 0
5 –1 5 –1
r2 = ;r=
2 2
5 –1
tangent of smallest angle = tan = r =
2
12. b1, b2, b3 are in G.P.  
 b3 > 4b2 – 3b1  
 r2 > 4r – 3
 r2 – 4r + 3 > 0
 (r – 1) (r – 3) > 0
So 0 < r < 1 and r > 3
a2017  1
13. Let a = 1, then s1 = 2017. If a 1 then s = .
a 1
2(a  1)
but a2017 = 2a – 1, therefore, S2 = =2
a 1

14. H.P. is 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60

a = 15, b = 30, c = 60
A.P. is 15, 20, 25, ….., 55, 60
sum of all term of A.P. is 10/2 (15 + 60) = 375

15. 2x = a + b ..... (1)

y2 = ab ..... (2)
2 ab
z= ..... (3)
ab
x=y+2 ..... (4)
and a = 5z ..... (5)
2 y2
z=  y2 = xz
2x
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 Sequence and Series
 x=y+2
ab
 = ab + 2..... (6)
2
(2ab)
and a=5
ab
 (a + b) = 10 b
 a = 9b ..... (7)
9b  b
= b . 9b + 2
2
 5b = 3b + 2
 b=1
So a=9  x>y>z

16. Obvious

17. (A) equal numbers are not always in A.P., G.P. and in H.P.
for example 0, 0, 0, ........
a–b a 2 ac
(B) =  ac – bc = ba – a c  2ac – bc = ab   b=
b–c c ac
consider
b b b
a – , ,c – in A.P.  b–a=c–b  2b = a + c
2 2 2
So statemet is false.
(C) Let numbers are a, b
ab
a, G1, G2, b or A=
2
1 1 2
 b 3  b 3  b 3
r =   ; G1 = a   , G2 = a.  
a a a
2
b b
a3 .  a3 . 2
G13  G32 a a = a b  ab = a + b = 2A
2 2
  =
G1G2 b ab
a2 .
a
(D) Let Tk + 1 = ark and Tk + 1 = brk. Since Tk + 1 = ark + brk = (a + b) rk, 
   Tk + 1 is general term of a G.P.

ab
18. 2 = 2  a  b = 2 use compendendo and dividendo rule
ab 1 2 ab 1

a  b  2 ab 3 a b 3 2 a 3 1
 =     
a  b – 2 ab 1 a– b 1 2 b 3 –1

 
a
=
3  1 2 3

a
=
2 3
=
2  3  2  3  =7+ 4 3 Ans
b 3  1– 2 3 b 2– 3 43

n
19.  r 1
r (r + 1) (2r + 3) = an4 + bn3 + cn2 + dn + e

n2  n  1 n  n  1  2n  1 n  n  1
2
n n

 r 1
(r2+r) (2r + 3) = 
r 1
(2r3 + 5r2 +3r) = 2.
4
+5
6
+3
2

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 Sequence and Series

n  n  1  5  n  n  1 6 n 2
n  10  2n  1  18  n  n  1
= n n  1  3  2n  1  3  = 



=
2   2

6

12

1 1
[6n2 + 26n + 28] = [6n4 + 26n3 + 28n2 + 6n3 + 26n2 + 28n] = [6n4 + 32n3 + 54n2 + 28n]
12 12
6 32 54 28 7
a= ; b= ;c= ;d= = ; e = 0 so a + c = b + d
12 12 12 12 3
2 32 2 24 42
b– = – = ; c –1 =
3 12 3 12 12
c 54
so a, b–2/3, c–1 are in A.P & = = 9 is an integer
a 6
20. Roots are 1, 2, 3, 4. ; A.M. = G.M. = 2.
Hence, all the roots are equal.

21. 6a = (a3 – a2) – (a2 – a1)

a1  a3  2a2
 a=
6

PART - IV
n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1) n(n  1)  2n  1  n(n  1) 2n  2
1. g(n) – f(n) = – =  3  1 =
6 2 2   2 3

n(n  1)(n  1) (n  1) n (n  1)
= =
3 3
(n  1) n (n  1) 1.2.3
for n = 2 = which is divisible by 2 but not by 22
3 3
(n  1) n (n  1)
 greatest even integer which divides ,
3
for every n  N, n  2, is 2
2
n(n  1) n(n  1)(2n  1)  n(n  1) 
2. f(n) + 3g(n) + h(n) = + +  
2 2  2 
n(n  1)  n(n  1)   n(n  1) 
 1  2n  1   2n  2  2 
2 
= = (1 + 2 + 3 + ...... + n)
2   
 for all n  N
Sol. (3, 4)
Let 1st term be a. and common difference is 2;
1
T2n + 1 = a + 4n = A (say) r =
2
Middle term of AP = Tn + 1;
Middle term of GP = T3n + 1

(a  4n) a  4n
Tn + 1 = a + 2n  T3n + 1 = A. rn = n
(a + 2n) =
2 2n
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 Sequence and Series
 2n a + 2n2n = a + 4n

4n  2n . 2n 4n  2n . 2n 2n . 2n 2n 1n
a= T = a + 4n = + 4n = =
2n  1 2n  1 2n  1 2n  1
2n + 1

a  4n 2n 1n 2n
T3n + 1 = = = n
2n
2 (2  1)
n n
2 1
Sol. (5 to 7)
Let first term is 'a'
(5) a (1–r)2 = 36
 r can be 2, 3, 4, 7, –1, –2, –5
a 7 7  3a
(6) = r=
1 r 3 7
 a can be 1, 2, 3, 4 and p can be 4, 1, –2, –5
(7) arn–1 (1–r)6 = arn–1 (1–r)2
(1–r)4 = 1 r=2

EXERCISE # 3
PART - I
1. (C)
Sn = cn2 ; Sn–1 = c(n – 1)2 = cn2 + c – 2 cn
Tn = 2cn – c ; Tn2 = (2cn – c)2 = 4c2 n2 + c2 – 4c2n
4c 2 . n(n  1)(2n  1)
Sum =  Tn2 = + nc2 – 2c2n (n + 1)
6
2c 2n(n  1)(2n  1)  3nc 2  6c 2n(n  1) nc 2 [4n2  6n  2  3  6n  6] nc 2 (4n2  1)
= = =
3 3 3
100
2.  (k
k 2
2
– 3k  1) Sk

for k = 2 |(k2 – 3k + 1) Sk| = 1

100
k –1 k – 1 1
 (k – 2)
k 3 !
–
(k – 1) !
100
1 1 1 1
 (k – 3)
k 3 !
 – –
(k – 2) ! (k – 2) ! (k – 1) !
100
 1 1 
  (k – 3) !
– 
(k – 1) ! 
k 3 
 1  1 1  1 1 1 1  1 1  1 1 
S = 1  1–    –  –  –  –  .... –
 2!   1 ! 3!   2! 4!   3! 5!   4! 6!  
 94! 96! 
 1 1   1 1   1 1  1 1
+  –  –  – = 2 – –
 95! 97!   96! 98!   97! 99 !  98! 99!
1002 1 1 1002 100 1002 100
 E= +3– – = +3– = +3– =3
100! 98! 99.98! 100! 99! 100.99! 99!
3. a1 = 15
ak  ak  2
= ak–1 for k = 3, 4,....,11 a1 , a2 , ......., a11 are in AP a1 = a = 15
2
a12  a22  .....  an2 (15)2  (15  d)2  ....  (15  10d)
= 90  = 90
11 11

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 Sequence and Series
9
 9d2 + 30d + 27 = 0  d = – 3 or –
7
27 a1  a2  ....  a11 11 [30  10( 3)]
Since 27 – 2a2 > 0  a2 <  d=–3 = =0
2 11 2 11
5n
[6  (5n  1)d]
Sm S 2 5[(6  d)  5nd]
4. = 5n = = ; d = 6 or d = 0
Sn Sn n [(6  d)  nd]
[6  (n  1)d]
2
Now if d = 0 then a2 = 3 else a2 = 9 for single choice more appropriate choice is 9, but in principal,
question seems to have an error.
 a2 = 3 + 6 = 9

5. A.M.  G.M.
1 1 1 1 1
 4  3  3  3  1  a8  a10 1/ 8
a 5
a a a a  1 1 1 1 1 8 10 
  5 . 4 . 3 . 3 . 3 .1.a .a 
8 a a a a a 
1 1 3
5
 4  3  1  a8  a10  8(1)1/ 8
 a a a
1 1 3
 minimum value of    1  a3  a10 = 8, at a = 1
a5 a4 a3
1 1
6. Corresponding A.P. ,..................... (20th term)
5 25
1 1 1  –4  4
= + 19 d  d=   =– an < 0
25 5 19  25  19  25
1 4 19  5
– × (n –1) < 0  < n – 1 n > 24 .75
5 19  25 4

4n k(k 1)
7.* Sn =  (1)
k 1
2
k 2 = –12 – 22 + 32 + 42 – 52 – 62 + 72 + 82 +........

= (32 – 1) + (42 – 22) + (72 – 52) + (82 – 62)...... = 2 [4 + 6 + 12 + 14 + 20 + 22 +......]

2n terms

= 2[(4 + 12 + 20 ......) + (6 + 14 + 22 ........)]

n terms n terms
n n 
= 2  (4  2  (n  1)8) (2  6  (n  1)8) = 2[n(4 + 4n – 4) + n(6 + 4n – 4)]
 2 2 
= 2(4n2 + (4n + 2)n) = 2(8n2 + 2n) = 4n(4n + 1)
(A) 1056 = 32 × 33 n=8
(B) 1088 = 32 × 34
(C) 1120 = 32 × 35
(D) 1332 = 36 × 37 n=9

n(n  1)
8. Numbers removed are k and k + 1. now – k – (k + 1) = 1224
2
n2 + n – 4k = 2450 n2 + n – 2450 = 4k (n + 50)(n – 49) = 4k  n > 49
Alternative
 To satisfy this equation n should be of the form of (4p + 1) or (4p + 2) taking n = 50
 4k = 100  k = 25  
 k – 20 = 5

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 Sequence and Series
Now if we take n = 53  k = 103  n<k
so not possible. Hence n  53 will not be possible.
a  ar  ar 2
9. Let b = ar, c = ar2  r is Integers. Also = ar + 2  a + ar2 = 2ar + 6 a(r – 1)2 = 6
3
a2  a  14 36  6  14
 r must be 2 and a = 6. Thus = = 4 Ans.
a 1 7
7
[2a  6d]
S7 6 2 6 7(a  3d) 6
10.  = Given 130 < a + 6d < 140 =
S11 11 11 11 11(a  5d) 11
[2a  10d]
2
7a + 21d = 6a + 30d  130 < 15d < 140 a = 9d Hence d = 9 a = 81
Alternative :
S7 6
Let the AP be a, a + d, a + 2d, .....where a , d  N Given = and 130 < a + 6d < 140..... (2)
S11 11
7
2a  6d 6 14a  42d 6 99d
 2 =  = 154a + 462d = 132a + 660d 22a = 198d a = = 9d
11 22a  110d 11
2a  10d 11 11
2
(2)   130 < 9d + 6d < 140  8.6 < d < 9.3
 d=9
1/ 3
1 1 dy 1  1 
11. 4x2 +  1  y = 4x2 + y’ = = 8x – 2 = 0  x =  
x x dx x  8 
1/ 3
4x 3  1 1/ 2  1 3  1  1
 f(x) = =     1/3  1/3  
x 1/ 8(8) 1/ 3
2  8  27
12. loge b1, logeb2, logeb3, ...... logeb101 are in A.P. b1, b2, b3, ..........., b101 are in G.P.
b
Given : loge(b2) – loge(b1) = loge(2)  2 = 2 = r (common ratio of G.P. a1, a2, a3, ......... a101 are in A.P.
b1
a1 = b1 = a b1 + b2 + b3 + ........ b51 = t, S = a1 +a2 + ...... + a51
(r 51 – 1) a(251 – 1)
t = sum of 51 terms of G.P. = b1 = b1 = a(251 –1)
r –1 2–1
51 51
s = sum of 51 terms of A.P. = [2a1 + (n–1)d] = (2a + 50d)
2 2
Given a51 = b51 a + 50d = a(2)50 50d = a(250 – 1)
51 50  51 
Hence s = a [2 + 1]  s = a  51.249  
2  2
 53 
 51  53   47.2  2 
49

s = 2  4.249  47.249   s = a  (251 – 1)  47.249   s–t=a  

 2  2 
Clearly s > t
a101 = a1 + 100d = a + 2a.250 – 2a = a (251 – 1) b101 = b1 r 100 = a.2100 Hence b101 > a101

a + 2d
a

13. a+d

1
a(a + d) = 24  a(a + d) = 48 ........(1)
2
a2 + (a + d)2 = (a + 2d)2  3d2 + 2ad – a2 = 0 (3d – a)(a + d) = 0

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 Sequence and Series
 3d = a ( a + d  0)  d=2 a = 6 so smallest side = 6
14. P = {1, 6, 11, ..........}
Q = {9, 16, 23,.........}

Common terms: 16, 51, 86

tp = 16 + (p – 1)35 = 35p – 19  10086  p  288.7

 n (P  Q) = n(P) + n (Q) – n (P  Q) = 2018 + 2018 – 288 = 3748

15. First series is {1, 4, 7, 10, 13,……..}

Second series is {2, 7, 12, 17, …….}
Third series is {3, 10, 17, 24, ………}
See the least number in the third series which leaves remainder 1 on dividing by 3 and leaves
remainder 2 on dividing by 5.
 52 is the least number of third series which leaves remainder 1 on dividing by 3 and leaves
remainder 2 on dividing by 5
Now, A = 52
D is L.C. M. of (3, 5, 7) = 105  A + D = 52 + 105 = 157

PART - II
1. a1 + a2 + .... + aN = 4500 notes
a1 + a2 + .... + a10 = 150 × 10 = 1500 notes = 4500 – 1500 = 3000 notes
a11 + a12 + ..... + an = 3000   148 + 146 ...... = 3000
[2 × 148 + (n – 10 – 1) (–2)] = 3000  n = 34, 135
a34 = 148 + (34 – 1) (–2) = 148 – 66 = 82  
 a135 = 148 + (135 – 1) (–2) = 148 – 268 = – 120 < 0. so answer in 34 minutes is taken
Hence correct option is (1)

2. a = Rs. 200 ; d = Rs. 40  savings in first two months = Rs. 400

remained savings = 200 + 240 + 280 + ..... upto n terms
n
= 400  (n  1) 40 = 11040 – 400  200n + 20n2 – 20n = 10640
2
20n2 + 180 n – 10640 = 0  n2 + 9n – 532 = 0
(n + 28) (n – 19) = 0  n = 19
 no. of months = 19 + 2 = 21.

3. Let A.P. be a, a + d, a + 2d, ....... 

100
 a2 + a4 + ...... + a200 =   [2(a + d)+ (100 – 1)d] =  .... (i)
2
100
anda1 + a3 + a5 + ...... + a199 =   [2a + (100 – 1)d] =  .....(ii)
2
–
on solving (i) and (ii) d=
100
7 77 777 1 11 111 
4.   + .......+ up to 20 terms = 7    3  .....up to 20 terms
10 100 103  10 100 10 
7 9 99 999 
=    .....up to 20 terms =
9 10 100 1000 
7  1  1   1  
  1–    1– 2   1– 3   .....up to 20 terms 
9  10   10   10  

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 Sequence and Series

 1   1  
20

  1–    
7  10   10    7  1   1   7 179 1  1   7 
20 20

179  10  
–20
= 20 –  =  20 –    
1– =     =
   
        
9  1 9 9 10 9  9 9 10 81
1– 
 10 
 
5. Let s = (10) + 2(11) (10) + 3 (11)2(10)7 +......................+10(11)9
9 1 8

11
s = (11)1 (10)8 + 2(11)2 (10)7 + .................+9(11)9 + (11)10
10
 11 
substract  1–  s = (10) + (11) (10) + (11) (10) + ................+(11) – (11)
9 1 8 2 7 9 10

 10 
  11 10 
109 1–   
–
1
s=
  10  
– (11)10 –
1
s =109 

1010 – 1110 10
–(11)10

10 11 10 1010 –1
1–
10
1
– s = –1010 + 1110 – 1110 s = 1011
10
 given 1011 = k(10)9  k = 100

6. a a1 ar2 G. P. ; a 2ar ar2 A. P.

L1ar = a + ar2 ; 4r = 1 + r2
4 2 3
r2 – 4r + 1 = 0 ; r =2+ 3, 2– 3
2
But r > 1 r = 2+ 3

n
7. M=
2
, G1 , G2 , G3 , n are in G.P. a
1
 n 4
r=  
 
1 1 3
 n 4  n 2  n 4
G1 =    G2 =    G3 =   
     
G14 + 2G24 + G34
n n2 n3
= 4 × + 24 2
+ 4 × 3

= 3n + 22n2 + n3

= n (2 + 2n + n2)
= n( + n)2
= 4m2n
n2 (n  1)2
8. Tn = 4
n2
1
Tn = (n + 1)2
4
1 2
Tn = [n + 2n + 1]
4
n
Sn = T
n 1
n

1  n(n  1) (2n  1) 
Sn =   n(n  1) n
4  6 
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 Sequence and Series
n=9
1  9  10  19  1 384
S9 =  9  10  9 = [285 + 90 + 9] = = 96.
4  6  4 4
9. a + d, a + 4d, a + 8d  G.P
 (a + 4d)2 = a2 + 9ad + 8d2
 8d2 = ad  a = 8d
12 4
 9d, 12d, 16d  G.P. common ratio r = =
9 3
2 2 2 2 2
 8   12   16   20   24  82 122 162 202 242
10.  5    5    5    5    5   ... 2  2  2  2  2  .....
          5 5 5 5 5
(4n  4) 2
1 10
16 10
T = 2
S = 2 16(n  1)2 =  (n2  2n  1)
n
5 n
5 n 1 25 n 1

16 10  11 21 2  10 11  16 16

=    10  =  505 = m  m = 101
25  6 2  25 5
11. 225a2 + 9b2 + 25c2 – 75ac – 45ab – 15bc = 0
(15a)2 + (3b)2 + (5c)2 – (15a)(3b) – (3b)(5c) – (15a) (5c) = 0
1
[(15a – 3b)2 + (3b – 5c)2 + (5c – 15a)2] = 0
2
15a = 3b, 3b = 5c, 5c = 15a
5a = b, 3b = 5c, c = 3a
a b c
  
1 5 3
a = , b = 5, c = 3
a, c, b are in AP
b, c, a are in AP

12. f(x) = ax2+ bx + c

f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy
a(x + y)2 + b(x+ y) + c = ax2 + bx + c + ay2 + by + c + xy
2axy = c + xy x, yR
(2a – 1)xy – c = 0 x, yR
1
 c = 0, a = a+b+c=3
2
1 5
+b+0=3b=
2 2
10 10 10
1 10  11 21 5 10  11
  
1 2 5 1 5
 f(x) = x + x f (n) = n2  n     = 330
2 2 n 1
2 n1 2 n1 2 6 2 2

13. The given quadratic equation is

nx2 + x( 1 + 3 + 5 +…….+(2n –1)) + (1. 2 + 2.3 +…….+ (n –1).n) – 10n = 0

n(n2  1) (n2  1)
nx2 + x(n2) + – 10n = 0 x2 + x(n) + – 10 =0
3 3 

 n2  1 
( –)2 = 1 (+ )2 – 4 = 1 n2 – 4   10  = 1 n = 11

 3 
14. a1 + a5 + a9 + a13 + …….+ a49 = 416
a1 + (a1+ 4d) + (a1+ 8d) + (a1+ 12d) +……..+ (a1+ 48d) = 416
13 a1+ 4d( 1+2+3+……+12) = 416
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 Sequence and Series
4d  12  13
13 a1 +  416
2
13a1 + 24 13d = 416
a1 + 24d = 32 a9 + a43 = 66 a1 + 8d + a1 + 42d = 66
2a1 + 50d = 66 a1 + 25d = 33 d = 1 a1 = 8
a12 + (a1 +d)2 + (a1 + 2d)2 + ……..+ (a1 + 16d)2 = 140 m
17a12  d2( 12 + 22 +…..+162 ) + 2a1d (1+2+3+……+16) = 140m
16  17  33 2  8  1 16  17
17  64 +  = 140 m
6 2
17 64 + 8  11  17 + 8  11 17 = 140 m
17 16 + 22  17 + 2  16  17 = 35 m
272 374 + 544 = 35 m
1190 = 35 m  m = 34

15. 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 2.62 + .....

A = 12 + 2.22 + ..... + 2.202
= (12 + 22 + ...... + 202) + (22 + 42 + ..... + 202)
20.21.41 10.11.21 20.21
= + 4. = {41 + 22} = 70 × 63 = 4410
6 6 6
B = 12 + 2.22 + ....... + 2.402
= (12 + 22 + ...... + 402) + (22 + 42 + ...... + 402)
40.41.81 4.20.21.41 40.41 40.41
= + = (81 + 42) = × 123
6 6 6 6
= 20 (41)2 = 33620
33620 – 8820 24800
B – 2A = 100   = = = 248
100 100
16. This series can be written as
3(12 ) 6(12  22 ) 9(12  22  32 ) 12(12  22  32  42 )
    .....
3 5 7 9
3r
Tr = (12 + 22 + 32 + …..r2)
(2r  1)
3r r(r  1)(2r  1)
Tr =
(2r  1) 6
1 2
Tr = r (r + 1)
2
1  n(n  1)  n(n  1)(2n  1) 
2
1 3
sum of n term  Tr  (r + r ) = 
2  
i 1 2 2  2  6 

1  15 . 16  15.16.31  1
2

hence sum of 15 term = 

2     = [14400 + 1240] = 7820
2  6  2

17. 5, 5r, 5r2 sides of triangle,

5 + 5r > 5r2 …. (1)
2
5 + 5r > 5r ….(2)
5r + 5r2 > 5 ….(3)
from (1) r2 – r – 1 < 0, (1)
  1  5    1  5   1 5 1 5 
r     r      0 r   ,  …(4)
  2     2    2 2 
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 Sequence and Series
from (2) , (2)
r2 – r + 1 > 0  r  R ….(5)
 1  5  1  5   1 5   1 5 
from (3), (3) r2 + r – 1 > 0 so,  r   r   0 r   ,    ,   …(6)



2  2   2   2 
 1  5 1  5 
from (4), (5), (6), r  ,  now check options
 2 2 


18. Natural numbers between 100 & 200.

101, 102, …., 199.
Either divide by 7 or divide by 13.
(sum of numbers (divide by 7) + (sum of number divide by 13) – (sum of number of divide by 91)
14 8
 14  15   89 

r 1
(98  7r )  (91 13r )  (182) =  98  14  7.
r 1
2  
   (91 8)  13 
2 
  182

= 1372 + 735 + 728 + 468 – 182 = 3121

19. a1, a2, a3, ….. a50 in A.P.

a6 = 2  a1 + 5d = 2
a1 a4 a5 = a1(a1 + 3d)(a1 + 4d)
= a1(2 – 2d)(2 – d)
= –2((5d – 2)(d – 1)(d – 2))
= –2(5d3 – 17d2 + 16d – 4)
dA
= –2(15d2 – 34d + 16)
d(d)
= –2(5d – 8)(3d – 2)
– + –

2/3 8/5

8
Maximum occurs at d =
5
20. Let b = ar, c = ar2
Hence 3a + 15ar2 = 14ar
15r2 – 14r + 3 = 0
15r2 – 9r – 5r + 3 = 0
(3r – 1) (5r – 3) = 0
1 3 1
r= ,  r=
3 5 3
7 5
AP is 3a, a, a, a, ………
3 3
 th
4 terms is a
(49)126 – 1 ((49)63  1)(4963 – 1)
21. =
48 48

 21 x  21 x  3 x  3  x 
22. f(x) =  
 2 
 
Using AM  GM
f(x)  3

23. Let GP is a, ar, ar2 ……..

100
ar 2 (r 200 – 1)

n 1
a2n 1 = a3 + a5 + ….. a201 = 200 
r2 – 1
= 200 ….(1)

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 Sequence and Series
100
ar(r 200 – 1)

n 1
a2n = a2 + a4 + ……. a200 = 100 =
r2 – 1
= 100 ….(2)

Form (1) and (2) r = 2

add both 
 a2 + a3 + ……….. a200 + a201 = 300  r(a1 + ………… a200) = 300
200

a
300
n = = 150
n 1
r

24. y = 1 + cos2 + cos4 + .......

1 1
y=  = sin2
1 – cos 
2 y
1 1 1
x= =  cos2 = x  +x =1  y (1 – x) = 1
1 – (– tan )2
sec 
2 y

HIGH LEVEL PROBLEMS (HLP)

PART - I
1. Tm  a + (m – 1) d = 2 ....(1)
Tn  a + (n – 1)d = 3 ....(2)
Tp  a + (p – 1) d = 5 ....(3)
(2)  (1) nm 3 2
 = . Not possible.
(3)  (2) pn 5 3
2. Let a denotes first term and d common difference of the A.P. then ak, the kth term of the A.P.
ak = a + (k – 1) d; a1 + a2 + a3 +.... + am = am + 1 + am + 2+ ....+ am + n
m mn
2Sm = Sm + n; 2. [2a + (m – 1) d] = [2a + (m + n – 1) d]
2 2
2m 2a  (m  n  1) d nd nd mn
= =1+  = ......(i)
mn 2a  (m  1) d 2a  (m  1) d 2a  (m  1) d mn
pd mp
similarly = ......(ii) divide (i) by (ii)
2a  (m  1)d mp
n mn mp (m  n)(m  p) (m  p)(m  n) (m  n)(m  p) (m  p)(m  n)
= .   =  =
p mn mp p n mp mn
 1 1  1 1
(m + n)    = (m + p)    Hence Proved
m p m n
ab
3. a = A + (p – 1) d  d= b = A + (q – 1) d
pq
pq pq
S= [2A + (p + q – 1) d] = [A + (p – 1) d + A + (q – 1)d + d]
2 2
pq pq  a  b
= [a + b + d] =  ab
2 2  p  q 
p 2a
4. Given [2a + (p – 1) d] = 0. so 2a + (p – 1)d = 0  d=–
2 (p  1)
Now sum of next q terms are = sum of (p + q) terms of this A.P.
pq pq pq a (p  q) q
= [2a + (p + q – 1) d] = [2a + (p – 1)d + qd] = . q. d = –
2 2 2 p 1
a  be y b  c ey c  d ey 2a 2b 2c
5.  1 =  1 =  1; = =
a – bey b – c ey c – d ey a–b e y
a–c e y
c – d ey

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 Sequence and Series

b ey c y d b c d
1– 1 – e = 1 – ey  = =   a, b, c, d are in G.P. 
a b c a b c
6. Let first term of AP = a andcommon difference = d
10
 [2a + 9d] = 155  .2a + 9d = 31
2
GP first term = a and common ratio = r a + ar = 9 a(1 + r) = 9 given a = r and a = d
9
  2r + 9a = 31 2r + 9. = 31  2r2 – 29 r + 50 = 0  r = 2, 25/2.
1 r
(i) if r = 2, So a = 2  a = 3 = d
25 25 9 2
(ii) if r=  a =  a = = =d
2 2 27 3
2
2 25 625
So the series 3, 6, 12.........second , ,
3 3 6
7. (i) 1, (2, 3), (4, 5, 6, 7), (8, 9, ......,15) ....
Number of terms in nth group = 2n – 1 ; 1st term in nth group = 2n – 1
2n 1
So, Sum of terms in nth group = [2.2n – 1 + (2n – 1 – 1) 1] = 2n – 2 [2n + 2n – 1 – 1]
2
(ii) (1) , (2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) ; 1st term in nth group let Tn

Tn = a + bn + cn2  T1 = a + b + c = 1 .... (i)

T2 = a + 2b + 4c = 2 .... (ii)
and T3 = a + 3b + 9c = 5 .... (iii)
a = 2, b = – 2, c = 1 On solving (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
 So  st term is Tn = (2 – 2n + n2). Number of terms in nth group = (2n – 1)
2n  1
 sum of terms in nth group = [2 (2 – 2n + n2) + 2n – 2]
2
= (2n – 1) [n2 – n + 1] = 2n3 – 2n2 + 2n – n2 + n – 1 = n3 + (n – 1)3

8. a, A1, A2, b  A.P.  A1 + A2 = a + b.

a, G1, G2, b  G.P.  G1 G2 = ab
ab H H2
a, H1, H2, b  H.P.  = 1
ab H1  H2

A1  A 2 G G2 1 1 1 1 a–b
 = 1  = +d = + 3d  =d
H1  H2 H1 H2 H1 a b a 3 a b
1 a  2b 1 2a  b 1 (a  2b) (2a  b) G1G2 (a  2b) (2a  b)
 = = =  =
H1 3ab H2 3 ab H1H2 9a2b2 H1 H2 9 ab
 n  1  n1
9. Tk = k.2n+1–k and Sn = 
 4 
 2 n2  
n n
 1 n 
Now, Sn   k.2n1k = 2n+1 k . 2k ; Sn  2n1. 2 . 1  n  n1  (sum of A.G.P.)
k 1 k 1  2 2 
 n  1 
 4 
 
 n 1

2  n  2 = 2. [2n+1 – 2 – n] 
n
4
1
=2  n=7

10. Let Gm be the geometric mean of G1, G2,..........,Gn  Gm = (G1· G2.....Gn)1/n

= [(a1)(a1a1r)1/2.(a1.a1r.a1r2)1/3... (a1.a1r.a1r2 ...a1rn – 1)1/n]1/n

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 Sequence and Series
(n –1)n
where r is the common ratio of G.P. a1, a2, .....,an. = [(a1.a1...n times) (r 1/2 . r 3 / 3 . r 6 / 4 .... r 2n
)]1/ n
1/ n
 21  (n–1) 
n
 n – 1 a1  a2  .....  an a (1– r n )
  a1 . r  2 
 = a1 r 4  . Now, An = = 1
    n n (1– r)
n n a1 n(1– r) r n – 1
and Hn = = =
1 1 1 1  1 1  1– r n
  ...    1  r  ...  n – 1 
 a1 a2 an  a 1  r 
n
a (1– r ) a1n (1– r) r n–1 n n
Again An.Hn = 1  = a12 r n–1   A k Hk =  (a 2
1 rk – 1 )
n (1– r) (1– r n ) k 1 k 1
n(n – 1) n – 1
 2 ....(n – 1)
= (a12 . a12 ... n times) × (r0.r1.r2 ...rn – 1) = a12n .r1  a12n r 2
= [a1 r 4 2n
]
1/ 2n
 n 
= [Gm]2n  Gm =   A K HK   Gm = (A1 A2 ... An.H1H2 ....Hn)1/2n
k  1 
11. 2b = a + c ..... (1)
2 pr
q= ..... (2)
pr
and b2 q2 =acrp ..... (3)
2 2
 a  c   2 pr  (p  r)2 (a  c)2
So  2   p  r  = acrp  =
    pr ac
p r a c p r a c
 + +2= + +2  + = + Ans.
r p c a r p c a

1 1  2  2 b b2  2ac
12. += + 2   +  =  – =
2   2 2 a c2
b c 2a
 – bc2 = ab2 – 2a2c  ab2 + bc2 = 2a2c  + =
c a b
c a b a b c
So , , are in A.P.  , , are in H.P.
a b c c a b

2ac ce
13. b= ; c2 = bd, d = ; ab + bc = 2ac
ac 2
ab 1  ab 
c= ; d=   e
2a  b 2  2a  b 
2
 ab  b  ab  a2b 2 b  ab  2ae  be 
from c = bd 
2
    e    
 2a  b  2  2a  b  (2a  b)2
2 2a  b 
2a2b ab
  e  e(2a – b)2 = 2a2b – ab(2a – b)  e(2a – b)2 = ab2
(2a  b)2 (2a  b)

14. x + y + z = 15 .......(i)
a, x, y, z, b are in AP
ba
Suppose d is common difference d =
4
ba b  3a 2b  2a 3b  a
 x=a+ = ,y= and z =
4 4 4 4
on substituting the values of X, Y and Z in (i), we get
6a  6b
 = 15 
4
 a + b = 10 ..... (ii)

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 Sequence and Series
1 1 1 5
 + + = .......(iii)
x y z 3
and a, x, y, z, b are in H.P.
1 1 1 1 1
 , , , , are in A.P.
a x y z b
 1 1
b  a

1 1
= +  , 1 = 1 + 2  1  1  and 1 = 1 + 3  1  1 
x a 4 y a 4  b a  z 
a 4 b a


1 1 1
on substituting the value of , , in (iii), we get
x y z
3 6  1 1 5 3 3 5 1 1 10
+    =  + =  + = ..... (iv)
a 4 b a 3 2a 2b 3 a b 9
By equations (ii) & (iv), we get
a = 9, b = 1 or a = 1, b = 9

15. Let n HM’s between a and c are H1, H2, H3 , ..... Hn

1 1 1 1 1
 , , , ...... , , are in A.P.
a H1 H2 Hn c
suppose 'd' is common difference of this A.P.
1 1 1  1 1
 = + (n + 1) d   d= 
c a (n  1)  c a 
1 1 1  1 1 nc  a (n  1) ca
so = +    =  H1 =
H1 a (n  1)  c a  (n  1) ca nc  a
1 1 n  1 1 c  na (n  1) ca
and = +    = (n  1) ca  Hn =
Hn a (n  1)  c a  c  na
 1 1   (a  c) (n  1) 
 H1 – Hn = ac(n + 1)    = ac(n + 1)  
 nc  a c  na   (nc  a) (c  na) 
ac (n2  1) (a  c)
H1 – H n = 2 .......(i)
n ac  n(a 2  c 2 )  ac
 n is a root of x2(1 – ac) – x(a2 + c2) – (1 + ac) = 0 we have n2(1 – ac) – n(a2 + c2) – (1 + ac) = 0
 n2ac + n(a2 + c2) + ac = (n2 – 1) .......(ii)
 from (i) and (ii), we get So H1 – Hn = ac(a – c) Ans.

16. (i) b2c2 + c2a2 + a2b2  abc (a + b + c)  (bc – ca)2 + (ab – bc)2 + (ca – ab)2  0
  b c + c a + a b  abc (a + b + c)
2 2 2 2 2 2

a2 b2 (a  b)2
If a, b, x, y are real number and x, y > 0, then +  .........(i)
x y xy
as on solving it we have (ay – bx)2  0
Similarly, we can extend the inequality to three pairs of numbers
a2 b2 c2 (a  b  c)2
i.e. + + 
x y z xyz
Now we use this result to following questions
a b c a2 b2 c2 (a  b  c)2
(ii) As + + = + + 
bc ca ab ab  ac bc  ba ca  cb 2(ab  bc  ca)
(a  b  c)2 3
Now, we have to prove that 
2(ab  bc  ac) 2
or a2 + b2 + c2  ab + bc + ca  (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2  0
2 2 2 2
( 2) ( 2) ( 2) (3 2) ( 2)2 ( 2)2 ( 2)2 9
(iii) L.H.S. = + +  L.H.S. = + + 
ab bc ca 2(a  b  c) ab bc ca abc

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 Sequence and Series
17. A.M. = G.M.
 x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 = 2.

18. Let a1 = b1 ; a2  1 = b2 ; a3  2 = b3 ; ................... an  (n  1) = bn

1 n(n  3)
 b1 + b2 + ...... + bn = [b 2 + (b22 + 1) + (b32 + 2) + ...... + (bn2 + (n – 1))] –
2 1 4
1 n(n  3)
 b1 = [(b12 + b22 + b32 + .......+ bn2) + (1 + 2 + 3 + .......+ (n – 1)] –
2 4
n(n  1) n(n  3)
 2b1 = b12 + –  2b1 = b12 + n
2 2
n
 b12 – 2b1 + 1 = 0   (b
i 1
1  1)2  0 b1 – 1 = 0  b12 = a1 = 1

b2 – 1 = 0  b22 = a2 – 1 = 1  a2 = 2
b3 – 1 = 0  b32 = a3 – 2 = 1  a2 = 3 and soon
100
hence an = n  a i 1
1 = 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 100 = 5050
n 1
ai1 1 8 8 8 8
19. i 1
(ai + 3ai+1)2  0 
ai

3
G.P. 8, , , ,
3 9 27 81
 1 1 1 1 8 488
Sum 8 1       (81 – 27 + 9 – 3 + 1) =
 3 9 27 81  81 81
1 1 1 1

– (y) 2 , n  N; a1 . a2. a3 ...... an

n n n n
20. an= (x) 2 + (y) 2 ; bn = (x) 2
1 1
 12 1
  1n 1
 (x 2  y 2 )
n n
xy
= (x1/ 2  y1/ 2 )  x 2  y 2  ........  x 2  y 2  
2 n
=
    bn bn
21. 2ai+1 = ai + ai+2
10
ai ai1 ai 2 1 10 1 10 1 10  11 21 2  10(11)  1 495
i 1 2ai1
  aiai 2 =  i(i  2)  
2 i1 2 i1 2 6

2 

= [385  110] 
2 2
ss

n n 1 1 n
n 1 n
1
22. + + ...... + ; Sn =  –  (r  1)(r  2)
1.2.3 2.3.4 n(n  1)(n  2) r  1 r(r  1)(r  2) r 1

n
1 n
1 1 1  1  n 1 n
1 
Now  = 2  r  r  2)  = 2   r(r  1)   (r  1)(r  2) 
r 1 r (r  1)(r  2) r 1 (r  1)   r  1 r 1 
1  1 n
1   1 n
1  1  1  1 1 
=          =  1  n  1    2  n  2  
2 r  1  r r  1  r  1  r  1 r  2   2    
1  n n  n  1 1 
=  n  1  2(n  2)  = 2  n  1  2(n  2) 
2    
n  1 1  1 1 
 –  
2  n  1 2(n  2)   2 n  2 
Now Sn= (n+1)  

n n(n  1) n 2n2  4n  n2  n  2n n2  n n(n  1)

= – – = = =
2 4(n  2) 2(n  2) 4(n  2) 4(n  2) 4(n  2)

3n  5n 1  3n 3n 1 
23. Tn = ; Tn=  n  n 1 
(5  3n )(5n1  3n 1 )
n
2 5 3n
5  3n 1 

1  3 32  1  32 33 
T1 =   2  ; T2 =  2  
2  5  3 5  32  2  5  3 2 53  33 

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 Sequence and Series

1  3n 3n1 
Tn =   
2  5n  3n 5n1  3n 1 
________________________
13 3n1  3
Sn =   n 1 n 1 
; S =
2 2 5  3  4
24. Radius of first circle = R Let Radius of second circle be = R'

B
R
B R
R
/2
O A A

OB  
= cosec  OB = R cosec
BA 2 2
OB  
Now = cosec  OB' = R' cosec = OB + R + R'
A B 2 2
   1  sin  / 2 
R + R cosec + R' = R' cosec R(1 + cosec /2) = R' (cosec /2 – 1)  R' = R  1  sin  / 2 
2 2  
2
 1  sin  / 2 
if radius of the third circle be R'', then similarly R'' = R  
 1  sin  / 2 
  1  sin  / 2 n 
   1
 1  sin  / 2 n 
So R + R' + R'' + .....n terms = R  
1  sin  / 2   = R  1  sin  / 2 
  1  sin  / 2    2sin  / 2     1
   1     1  sin  / 2  
  1  sin  / 2  
(a  b  c) 3
25. Given (abc)2/3 = .  (ab + bc + ac)3 = abc (a + b + c)3 .....(i)
3 1 1 1
 
a b c
Now consider the polynomial p(x) = x3 + mx2 + nx + p, with roots a, b, c, then have a + b + c
= –m;ab + bc + ca = n ; abc = – p using these values equation (i) becomes n3 = m3p ......(ii)
n3
Hence, if m  0, then equation p(x) = 0 can be written as x3 + mx2 + nx + 3 = 0
m
or m3x3 + m4 x2 + nm3x + n3 = 0 (mx + n) (m2 x2 + (m3 – mn) x + n2) = 0
n n2
It follows that one of the roots of p(x) = 0 is x1= – and other two satisfy the condition x2x3 = 2
m m
 x12 = x2 x3
Thus the roots are the terms of a geometric sequence. If should be noted that m, n  0 as in this case
x3 + p = 0 cannot have three real roots.
n (n  1)
26. tn = Sn – Sn–1 = (2n2 + 9n + 13) – {2(n – 1)2 + 9(n – 1) + 13}
6 6
 
1 1 1 1 
= [2n3 + 9n2 + 13n – 2(n – 1)3 – 9 (n – 1)2 – 13(n – 1)] = (n + 1)2  =  
r  1 
=1
6 r  1 r . (r  1) r 1  r

– b c
27.  + = ,  = ( + ), 2 + 2, 3 + 3 are in G.P then (2 + 2)2 = ( + ) (3 + 3)
a a
c b2 – 4ac
222 = 3 + 3 [2 + 2 – 2] = 0 so   ( – )2 = 0  . =0, a 0 c·  = 0
a a2
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 Sequence and Series
28. Sn = (1 + 2Tn)(1 – Tn)   T1 = (1 + 2T1) (1 – T1)
1
T1 = 1 – T1 + 2T1 – 2T12   2T12 = 1   T1 =
2
S2 = T1 + T2 = (1 + 2T2) (1 – T2)  T1 + T2 = 1 – T2 + 2T2 – 2T22
1
T1 = 1 – 2 T 2 2    2T22 = 1 –
2
2 1 2 2
T2 2 =  T2 2 =  a = 4, b = 2  a+b=6
2 2 4

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