BALINGATAN, RONALYN

DAUGDAUG, REBY JOY

SUMIGCAY,CHONA
MOSADAS, FERNAN

“EXPLORING THE TRENDS AND FACTORS

INFLUENCING E-CIGARETTES AMONG
HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS”

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

SUMMARY CITATION LINK
Vaporized nicotine products Levy, D. T., Cummings, K. M., https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13

(VNPs), including e-cigarettes Villanti, A. C., Niaura, R., Abrams, 394

and pressurized aerosols, are D. B., Fong, G. T., & Borland, R.

increasingly used as alternatives (2016). A framework for evaluating

to cigarettes. A framework the public health impact of e-

assessing toxic exposure effects cigarettes and other vaporized

on population health considers nicotine products. Addiction,

VNP use patterns, policy 112(1), 8–17.

effects, and industry influence https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13394

(Levy et al., 2016).

This study examines the impact Yong, H., Hitchman, S. C., https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx

of regulatory environments on Cummings, K. M., Borland, R., 056

the effectiveness of electronic Gravely, S., McNeill, A., & Fong,

cigarettes (ECs) as a smoking G. T. (2017). Does the regulatory

cessation aid. Results show that environment for E-Cigarettes

in less restrictive EC influence the effectiveness of E-

environments, ECs facilitate Cigarettes for smoking cessation?:

short-term sustained abstinence Longitudinal findings from the ITC

during a quit attempt, while in Four Country survey. Nicotine &

more restrictive environments, Tobacco Research, 19(11), 1268–

it inhibits it. The findings 1276.

highlight the need for careful https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx056

regulation to maximize EC

benefits and minimize public

health risks (Yong et al., 2017).

E-cigarette use is increasing Campus, B., Fafard, P., St Pierre, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socsc

globally, but governments face J., & Hoffman, S. J. (2021). imed.2021.114187

challenges in regulating and Comparing the regulation and

incentivizing them. Current incentivization of e-cigarettes

approaches range from health across 97 countries. Social Science

protection to harm reduction. & Medicine, 291, 114187.

Comparative public policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.

analysis reveals 97 countries' 2021.114187

approaches, aiming to inform

future decisions (Campus et al.,

2021).

The vaping epidemic in the Sese, L. V. C., & Guillermo, M. C. https://doi.org/10.1177/11791

Philippines highlights the L. (2023). E-Smoking out the 73x231172259

impact of commercial Facts: The Philippines’ Vaping

influences and government Dilemma. Tobacco Use Insights,

policies on public health. 16, 1179173X2311722.

Addressing the issue requires https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173x23

tailoring national policies, 1172259

funding research, and

improving health education for

youth (Sese & Guillermo,

2023).

This study examines the Hitchman, S. C., Brose, L. S., https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv

predictors of using e-cigarettes, Brown, J., Robson, D., & McNeill, 078

the association between type A. (2015). Associations between E-

used, frequency of use, and Cigarette type, frequency of use,

quitting. Results show that daily and quitting smoking: findings

tank users are more likely to from a longitudinal online panel

quit, while non-daily cigalike survey in Great Britain. Nicotine &

users are less likely. Tanks are Tobacco Research, 17(10), 1187–

more common among older and 1194.

lower-educated respondents https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv078

(Hitchman et al., 2015).

This paper presents data on e- Gravely, S., Fong, G. T., https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1

cigarette awareness, trial, and Cummings, K. M., Yan, M., Quah, 11111691

current use in 10 countries A. C. K., Borland, R., Yong, H.,

surveyed between 2009 and Hitchman, S. C., McNeill, A.,

2013. The study found Hammond, D., Thrasher, J. F.,

significant cross-country Willemsen, M. C., Seo, H. G.,

variation in awareness, trial, and Jiang, Y., Cavalcante, T. M., Perez,

use, likely due to country- C. M., Omar, M., & Hummel, K.

specific market factors, tobacco (2014). Awareness, Trial, and

control policies, and survey Current Use of Electronic

timing. The results provide an Cigarettes in 10 Countries:

early snapshot of global e- Findings from the ITC Project.

cigarette use progression International Journal of

(Gravely et al., 2014). Environmental Research and Public

Health, 11(11), 11691–11704.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph11111

1691

A systematic review and meta- Soneji, S., Barrington‐Trimis, J. L., https://doi.org/10.1001/jamape

analysis of longitudinal studies Wills, T. A., Leventhal, A. M., diatrics.2017.1488

found that e-cigarette use is Unger, J. B., Gibson, L., Yang, J.

associated with greater risk for W., Primack, B. A., Andrews, J. A.,

subsequent cigarette smoking Miech, R. A., Spindle, T. R., Dick,

initiation and past 30-day D. M., Eissenberg, T., Hornik, R.,

cigarette smoking. The study Dang, R., & Sargent, J. D. (2017).

found that e-cigarette use was Association between initial use of

associated with greater risk for e-Cigarettes and subsequent

ever vs never e-cigarette users cigarette smoking among

and past 30-day vs non-past 30- adolescents and young adults.

day e-cigarette users at baseline. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(8), 788.

Strong e-cigarette regulation https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatri

could potentially curb use cs.2017.1488

among youth and limit future

population-level burden of

cigarette smoking (Soneji et al.,

2017).

The prevalence of e-cigarette Cullen, K. A., Gentzke, A. S., https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2

use among US youth increased Sawdey, M. D., Chang, J., Anic, G. 019.18387

from 2011 to 2018, and M., Wang, T. W., Creamer, M. R.,

monitoring this is crucial for Jamal, A., Ambrose, B. K., & King,

public health policy and B. A. (2019). E-Cigarette use

planning. A survey of 19,018 among youth in the United States,

students in grades 6 to 12 found 2019. JAMA, 322(21), 2095.

that 27.5% of high school https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.1

students and 10.5% of middle 8387

school students reported current

e-cigarette use, 34.2% reported

frequent use, and 63.6%

reported exclusive use. Most

exclusive users used flavored e-

cigarettes, with fruit, menthol,

mint, and candy being the most

commonly reported flavors

(Cullen et al., 2019).

The study found that 40.2% of Pearson, J., Richardson, A., Niaura, https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2

US adults are aware of e- R., Vallone, D., & Abrams, D. B. 011.300526

cigarettes, with usage being (2012). E-Cigarette awareness, use,

higher among current smokers. and harm perceptions in US adults.

Non-Hispanic Whites, current American Journal of Public Health,

smokers, young adults, and 102(9), 1758–1766.

those with high school diplomas https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2011.3

perceive e-cigarettes as less 00526

harmful than regular cigarettes

(Pearson et al., 2012).

The Children's Health Study in Barrington‐Trimis, J. L., Urman, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2

Southern California found that R., Berhane, K., Unger, J. B., Cruz, 016-0379

e-cigarette use among never- T. B., Pentz, M. A., Samet, J. M.,

smoking youth may increase the Leventhal, A. M., & McConnell, R.

risk of cigarette initiation during (2016). E-Cigarettes and future

the transition to adulthood when cigarette use. Pediatrics, 138(1).

tobacco products become legal. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-

E-cigarette users were more 0379

likely to initiate use of hookah,

cigars, or pipes, suggesting e-

cigarette use is not a marker for

smoking (Barrington‐Trimis et

al., 2016).

This study explores the Dockrell, M., Morrison, R., Bauld, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt

prevalence and attitudes L., & McNeill, A. (2013). E- 057

towards e-cigarettes in Britain, Cigarettes: prevalence and attitudes

revealing an increase in in Great Britain. Nicotine &

awareness, trial, and current use Tobacco Research, 15(10), 1737–

between 2010 and 2012. 1744.

However, there is limited https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt057

evidence of e-cigarette use

among non-smokers.

Information on their

effectiveness, risks, and benefits

could improve public health

(Dockrell et al., 2013).

E-cigarettes, introduced in the Glantz, S. A., & Bareham, D. https://doi.org/10.1146/annure

mid-2000s, are seen as a safer (2018). E-Cigarettes: use, effects on v-publhealth-040617-013757

alternative to conventional smoking, risks, and policy

cigarettes, but still pose risks to implications. Annual Review of

cardiovascular and lung Public Health, 39(1), 215–235.

diseases, despite lower https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-

carcinogen levels (Glantz & publhealth-040617-013757

Bareham, 2018).

A 2013 survey of 1941 high Wills, T. A., Knight, R., Williams, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2

school students in Hawaii found R., Pagano, I., & Sargent, J. D. 014-0760

that e-cigarette use among (2015). Risk factors for exclusive

adolescents is high, with dual E-Cigarette use and dual E-

use and cigarette-only users Cigarette use and tobacco use in

having the highest risk status. adolescents. Pediatrics, 135(1),

E-cigarette only users and dual e43–e51.

users perceived e-cigarettes as https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-

healthier, suggesting medium- 0760

risk adolescents may be more

susceptible to tobacco use

(Wills et al., 2015).

E-cigarettes, non-combustible Gotts, J. E., Jordt, S., McConnell, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l5

tobacco products, have been R., & Tarran, R. (2019). What are 275

widely marketed as a smoking the respiratory effects of e-

cessation intervention. cigarettes? BMJ, l5275.

However, their impact on https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l5275

respiratory health remains

controversial, with studies

showing similar and different

effects. Current knowledge is

insufficient to determine their

potential health benefits (Gotts

et al., 2019).

The study examines the impact Harton, M. R., Seo, D., Evans- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addb

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misuse among 10-24-year-olds. use trajectories and prospective

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accelerating dual use. Results https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.20

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The study investigates the link Wang, Y., Sung, H., Watkins, S. L., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmed
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on volume, nicotine unit sales in the U.S.: 2019-2022.

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between 2019 and 2022, with 3.102506

tobacco flavor, pods, and non-

tobacco flavor dominated

(Majmundar et al., 2023).

The study analyzed the Rutherford, B. N., Lim, C. C. W., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addb

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