1

THE NCC

1. NCC came into existence on 16 Apr 1948, through XXXI Act of Parliament.
Time Line
● Formally inauguration - 15 Jul 1948.

● Girls Division was raised - Jul 1949.

● Air Wing was raised on - 01 Apr 1950 (Bombay and Kolkata.)

● Naval Wing was raised - Jul 1952.

2. The Motto of NCC is Unity and Discipline‘.

3. Aims of NCC are :

(1)To develop following qualities in the cadets:
● Development of Character,

● Comradeship,

● Discipline,

● Secular Outlook.

● Spirit of Adventure.

● Sportsmanship,

● Ideals of selfless service

(2) To create a human resource of Organized, Trained and motivated youth, available
for the service of the nation.
(3) Motivate the youth to take up a career in the Armed Forces.

4. Organization

● Headquarters level officer of the rank of -Lieutenant General.

(Presently- Lt Gen A Chakravarthy)
● 11 Directorates located in the state capitals headed by- Major General / Brigadier or
equivalent. (presently Air Cmdre R Shankar)
● 14 Group Headquarters are headed by -Brig / Colonel or equivalent known as
Group Commander. (Presently Col R Sharma)
● 5-7 NCC units / battalions, Commanded by- Colonel / Lieutenant Colonel or equivalent.
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● There are: 95 Group Headquarters

667 Army Wing Units
60 Naval Wing Units
61 Air Squadrons.
ANO (Associate NCC Officers)
● Officers Training School- Kamptee.

● Women Officers Training School, Gwalior.

5. Training in NCC
The different Types of Camps organized in NCC are
● Annual Training Camps (ATC) -Organized by respective NCC Dtes

● Centrally Organised Camps (COC) -planned by HQ DGNCC

i) Leadership Camps (Basic and Advance).
ii) Thal Sainik Camp (TSC).
iii) Vayu Sainik Camp (VSC).
iv) Nau Sainik Camps (NSC).
v) Rock Climbing Camp.
vi) National Integration Camps (NIC).
vii) RDC and PM‘s Rally.
● Adventure Training and Sports Camps.

● Youth Exchange Programme (YEP).

NATIONAL INTEGRATION

1. Six major Religions in India

● Hindus comprising of 83.5 %,

● Muslims 0.7 %,

● Christians 2.44 %,

● Sikhs 1.79 %
2. Indian civilisation is one of the oldest civilizations in the world.

3. National integration means,

A feeling of togetherness and unity among the people of a country. It also means an
atmosphere in which all citizens, irrespective of their caste, religion and region live together
peacefully.

4. National integration does not mean uniformity of all.

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5. The role of NCC in National Integration is,

National integration has been made part and parcel of NCC training. Lot of emphasis is
laid on national integration by conducting national level camps and number of other activities
where cadets from all over the Country participate.

6. Importance of National integration,

● Maintenance of sovereignty and territorial integrity of the nation.

● Maintenance of peace and harmony.

● Growth and development of the nation.

● Eradication of poverty and illiteracy.

● Internal security and law and order.

● Culture and religious development.

● Economic and industrial growth.

● Attract foreign investment and increase import and export.

● Exchange of technological know-how and culture.

● Dignity and self respect as a nation.

● Welfare and well-being of the people.

● Foreign relations and better standing among the nations of the world.

FREEDOM STRUGGLE AND NATIONALIST MOVEMENT IN INDIA

1. Hue-en Tsang from China came in pursuit of knowledge and to visit the ancient Indian
universities of Nalanda and Takshila.
2. The battle of Plassey in 1757, the British achieved political power in India.

3. Mutiny of 1857:
Leaders of the Mutiny of 1857 are:
● Kanwar Singh.

● Bakht Khan.

● Nana Sahib.

● Tantya Tope.
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● Rani Lakshmibai.
4. Revolt began from Meerut on 10 May 1857 and ended in Gwalior on 20 June 1858

5. Consequences of Mutiny of 1857 are:

● End of the East India Company's rule in India.

● People's disgust with the British rule kept mounting, which gave rise to the birth of
Indian National Movement.

6. Raja Rammohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828.

7. Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) the disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, established the

Ramkrishna Mission at Belur in 1897.

8. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay in December 1885
under the president ship of Womesh Chandra Banerjee.

9. Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919, which empowered the Government to put people in jail
without trial.

10. Jaliawalla Bagh massacre -13 April 1919 (General Dyer).

11. The Non-Cooperation Movement from September 1920 to February 1922,

12. Lala Lajpat Rai, is called Sher-e-Punjab (Lion of Punjab)

13. Civil Disobedience movement was started on-Dec 1929

14. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged to death on March 23, 1931.

15. Gandhiji started the 'Quit India Movement' on August 1942,

16. The Second World War broke out in September of 1939.

17."Give me blood and I shall give you freedom" -words by Subash Chandra Bose.
19. On January 26, 1950, the Constitution came into force and Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected
the first President of India.

20. The Problems in the way of National Integration are,

1. Casteism.
2. Communalism.
3. Linguistic Fanaticism.
4. Regionalism.
5. Social Disparity
6. Economic Inequalities
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21. The Measures required to achieve National Integration are,

1. Education
2. Religious Tolerance.
3. Linguistic Tolerance.
4. Use of Radio / TV.
5. Government Initiative.

22. The role of NCC in unifying India,

1. By creating awareness amongst youth about the diverse heritage of our country and
fosters national integration

2. By helping cadets gain experience to live together, co-operate with each other and
work in harmony with cadets of other states whom they have not known before, thus
promoting,

a) Ethics and Social Values

(b) Cultural and Traditional Values

(c) Discipline and Patriotism.

CIVIL DEFENCE

1. Civil Defence means,

Any measures, not amounting to actual combat, for affording protection to any person,
property, place or thing in India, against any hostile attack.

2. Civil Defence was first established in India on 24th October 1941.

3. Civil Defence measures mainly consists of

(a) Protective Preventive Measures.
(b) Control Measures.
(c) Restorative Measures.

4. At the national level, the Home Ministry is responsible for the Civil Defence.

5. At State Level it is under control of its Inspector General of Police.

6. At the District Level under the control of the District Magistrate

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CIVIL ADMINISTRATION

1. Head of civil Admin in a District-District Collector.

2. At Tahsil Level head is Sub Divisional Magistrate.

NATURAL DISASTERS

1. Disasters are classified into Two based on there nature of onset,

(a) Natural Disasters:

(i) Wind related.

(ii) Water related.
(iii) Earth related

(b) Man-made Disasters

(i) Accidents
(ii) Fire
(iii) Industrial Mishaps
(iv) Contamination
(v) Terrorists Activitties
(vi) Ecological

2. Role of NCC during Natural Disasters,

Cadets can effectively assist the state system in disaster management, which could take
shape in the form of:
(a) Traffic Management under supervision.
(b) Search and Rescue.
(c) First Aid and evacuation of rescued people.
(d) Helping in setting up and administration of Relief Camps.
(e) Collection, loading and dispatch of medical aid, material, food and other articles.

FIRE FIGHTING

1. The three elements which are essential for creation of fire and its continuation are,
(a) Oxygen.

(b) Sufficient heat to raise the temperature of fuel to its burning point
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(c) Combustible or burnable material (Solid, Liquid or Gas).

2. The modes of spreading of Fire are,

(a) Conduction- Transfer of heat by the intermediary material.

(b) Convection- Transfer of heat through gases or smoke.

(c) Radiation- Radiation means transfer of heat from the source of fire, without
heating the midway media e.g. air.

(d) Direct Burning-due to a combination of the above two or three factors viz,
conduction, convection and radiation.

3. Fire can be extinguished by the following methods,

(a) Starvation: Starvation means removal of fuel combustible material

(b) Cooling: Cooling implies the removal of heat to lower the temperature of burning
material to a point below its ignition point.

(c) Smothering (blanketing): Smothering means Choking or restricting the supply of

Oxygen

4. Fire Fighting Equipment

(a) Fire Extinguishers.
(b) Stirrup Pumps.
(c) Buckets.
(d) Fire Beaters and Hooks.

5. The different type of fire extinguishers is

a) Soda Acid Extinguishers-for extinguishing fires involving ordinary combustible

material. Conical /cylindrical in shape.

(b) Foam Type or Dry Chemical Powder Extinguishers-are exclusively meant for
extinguishing fires involving inflammable liquids such as oils, fats, or grease,

(c) CTC Carbon dioxide and Dry Chemical Extinguishers-are mainly used to fight fires
involving “Live” electrical equipment etc.

LITERACY ENHANCEMENT

1. India has managed to achieve an effective literacy rate of 74.04 per cent in 2011.

2. The reasons for low literacy rate in India are

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(a) Inadequate / Poor Infrstructure.

(b) Caste System.
(c) Poverty
(d) Gender Bias.
(e) Lack of Political Will.

3. The steps taken by Government of India to Improve Literacy Rate are,

(a) National Literacy Mission-launched in 1988, aimed at attaining a literacy rate of 75

per cent by 2007.

(b) Sarva Siksha Abhiyan- launched in 2001, to ensure that all children in the 6–14-year
age-group attend school and complete eight years of schooling by 2010.

(c) Non-Governmental Efforts-ITC, Rotary Club, Lions Club have worked to improve
the literacy rate in India.

(d) Saakshar Bharat-launched on the International Literacy Day, 8th September, 2009
which aims to further promote and strengthen Adult Education.

(e) Right to Education (RTE) Act 2010.-was passed by the Indian parliament on
4 August 2009,

POVERTY ALLEVIATION

1. Main causes for Poverty in India are,

(a) Lack of Market Economy. (b) High Population Growth Rate.

(c) Neglecting Agricultural Sector.

2. Some of the Proverty alleviations programmes of the government are

a) Jawhar Gram Samridhi Yojna-started on 1 April 199 for development of rural areas.

(b) National Old Age Pension Scheme(NOAPS)-provide pension to people above the
age of 65.

(c) National Family Benefit Scheme(NFBS)- started in August 199 provides a sum of
Rs 10000 to a person of a family who becomes the head of the family.
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(d) National Maternity Benefit Scheme-provides a sum of 500 Rs to a pregnant mother

for the first two live births.

(e) Annapurna-started by the government in 1999-2000 to provide food to senior

citizens

(f) Rural Housing-Indira Awaas Yojana(IAY) - aims at creating housing for everyone.

(g) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)-

started in 2005, and guarantees 100 days of paid work to people in the rural areas.

DRUG ABUSE AND DRUG TRAFFICKING

1. Drug Abuse-is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which, the user consumes the
substance in amounts or with methods, neither approved nor supervised by medical
professionals.

2. The 3 main types of Drugs-

(a) Depressants. Depressants are drugs that slow down the function of the central
nervous system eg Alcohol.

(b) Stimulants. Stimulants act on the central nervous system to speed up the
messages to and from the brain.eg Ephedrine,Caffeine, Nicotine

(c) Hallucinogens. Hallucinogens affect perception.eg Dhatura, Ketamine.

PREVENTION OF HIV / AIDS

1. HIV (Human Immuno-deficiency Virus) is a virus that gradually destroys the body‘s
immune System.

2. AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is a condition wherein various

diseases affect the body because of the body‘s weak natural defense mechanism.

3. HIV/AIDS spreads through

(a) Sexual Transmission-unprotected sex between two people, where at least one has
HIV infection.
(b) Blood Transfusions
(c) Sharing Needles and Syringes for Intravenous Drug Use.
(d) Mother to Child Transmission.

4. National AIDS Control Organisation-NACO

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5. HIV/AIDS can be prevented in four main ways

(i) Being in a mutually faithful sexual relationship.

(ii) Checking all the blood and blood products for HIV infection before transfusion.

(iii) Avoiding drug abuse, especially sharing needles and syringes for injecting drugs.

(iv) Reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission by following recommended

guidelines.

(v)Use of Condoms

FEMALE FOETICIDE

1. Causes of Female Foeticide

(a) Fanatic Desire / Preference to Have a Male Child.

(b) Unwanted Pregnancy.

(c) Foul Medical Ethics.

(d) Dowry System.

(e) Deteriorated Status of Women.

2. Effects of Female Foeticide

(a) Skewed Sex Ratio: the sex ratio all time low of only 914 girls for 1000 boys in 2011.

(b) Female / Women Trafficking.

(c) Increase in Rape and Assault.

(d) Population Decline

3. Measures to Prevent Female Foeticide

a) Cancellation / permanent termination of the doctor‘s license who do sex

determination.

(b) Heavy penalty imposed on companies that market medical equipments used for
illegal sex determination.
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(c) High fines and judicial action against parents for illegal termination of pregnancy.

(d) Widespread campaigns and seminars for young adults and potential parents.

(e) High incentives for the girl child in education, employment etc.

(f) Equal rights for women in the property of the parents / husband.

DOWRY

1. Causes of Dowry System:

(a) Divine Sanction. (b) Growing Economic Inequality.

(c) Increasing Unemployment of Males (d) Parental Compulsions.

2. Effects of Dowry System:

(a) Increase in Domestic Violence.

(b) Increase in Mortgage and Loans.

(c) Female Foeticide.

(d) Female Trafficking. (e) False Dowry Allegations.

3. Prevention of Dowry:

(a) Start practicing dowry prohibition in your family.

(b) Educate the members of your family about bad efects of dowry

(c) Educate society to respect a woman‘s rights and privileges.

(d) Encourage women to raise their voice about their rights.

ANTI DRUNKEN DRIVING

1. In India, while driving a motor vehicle, if a person has a Blood Alcohol Level (BAC)
Exceeding 30 mg of intake per 100 ml of blood detected by a Breathalyzer, he or she is booked
under 'first offense'.
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2. Measures to prevent deaths / accidents due to drunk driving

(a) Don‘t drive after drinks under any circumstances.

(b) Strict checking and penalty by police, if found drunk while driving.

(c) Change of Laws to make it more serious a offence.

(d) Report cases of drunk driving to police.

3. Most common violators of drunken driving are:

(a) Children between 16-25 years age.

(b) Truck drivers.

(c) People returnung from parties.

(d) After New Year parties.

HEALTH & HYGIENE

1. The human body has 206 bones of various shapes and sizes.

2. The loosely arranged bone is called “spongy bone”

3. Densely arranged bone is called “compact bone”.

4. Classification of Bones.

(a) Long Bones- are long and tubular and are confirmed to upper / lower limbs.

(b) Short Bones- are short and tubular and are found in the ankle / wrists.

(c) Flat Bones- are flat like plates, e.g. bones of cranium (Skull), shoulder or hips.

(d) Irregular Bones- Irregular or mixed shape. Eg Vertebral column.

(e) Sesamoid Bones- develop in the tendons of the muscles around the joint. Eg patella.

5. Muscular system forms about half of the total weight of the body.

6. Classification of Muscles.

(a) Voluntary/Skeletal Muscles- Attached to the surface of bones,

Form about 47% of the body weight.
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Acts upon joints and produce body movements.

(b) Involuntary Muscles - Are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

(c) Cardiac Muscles - Form the main part of heart wall.

7. Heart.-
o Situated in thorax between the lungs and on to the left side of the body.
o Size of heart in equal to a cloned fist.
o The average wt of heart in a male is about 300 Gms, and in a female about 250
gms.
o Divided into two compartments, the right side contains impure blood while left
side contains pure blood.

8. Blood Vessel.
● Arteries ----------------- Carry pure blood from the heart.

● Capillaries -------------Blood vessels which connect the small arteries & veins.

● Veins ------------------ These blood vessels carry impure blood to the heart.

9. Nervous System.
● Central Nervous System – Brain and Spinal Cord.

● Peripheral Nervous System- Connection between the Central Nervous System

and organs.

● Autonomic Nervous Syatem – Controls Involuntary Functions

PERSONAL AND FOOD HYGIENE

1. Personal Hygiene main components.

a) Sleep. The average requirement of sleep is about 7 to 8 hours a day.

(b) Bathing.

(c) Eating and Drinking.

(d) Care and Cleanliness of Skin, Hair and Teeth.

(e) Exercise.
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2. Sources of Water Supply.

(i) Rain Water.

(ii) Surface Water.

(iii) Underground Streams.

3. Methods for Purification of Water.

i) Boiling and Filtering Water - Boiling at 100 degrees afor 30mins

(ii) Clarification.

(iii) Sterilization - Adding chlorine

(iv) Pinking - During cholera epidemic potassium permanganate should be used

for pinking of wells.

(v) Precipitation - This is done by adding alum or some similar chemical to

Water.

4. Pasteurization- is the heating of milk to such temperature and for such periods of time, as are
required to destroy any pathogens without destruction of nutritive value (Temperature 130 C
and time 1 to 2 seconds).

INFECTIOUS & CONTAGIOUS DISEASES AND ITS PREVENTION

1. Communicable diseases can be classified as follows:

(a) Excremental Diseases- transferred through human excreta (urine and faeces).
Eg: Typhus fever, Dysentery, Diaorreah, Jaundice.

(b) Droplet Infection- transferred through germs which are sprayedout from the nose,
throat or lungs. Eg: Common cold, Influenza, Tuberculosis.

(c) Contact Diseases- transferred by actual body contact.

Eg: Syphilis, Gonorrhea and Skin infection.
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(d) Insect Borne Disease- Which are communicated through Blood sucking insects
known as ‘Carriers‘.
Some of the carrier insects and their disease are:

i) Mosquito -Malaria, Dengue and Filaria.

(ii) Sand fly -Sand fly fever, Kala Zar, Oriental Sore.
(iii) Lice -Typhus, Relapsing Fever.
(iv) Flies -Diaorreah, Dysentery, Cholera, Typhoid.
(v) Fleas -Plague, Typhus.
(vi) Ticks -Relapsing Fever, Typhus.

(f) Water Borne Diseases - Eg: Cholera, Dysentery, Diaorreah, Jaundice etc.

(g) Animal Borne Diseases – Eg: Rabies, plague, anthrax and Tuberculosis

2. Name of Vaccine taken to prevent Typhoid is Inj TAB.

3. Asphyxia – Anything which interferes with respiration producing irregularities in breathing.

The main causes of Asphyxia are:(a) Drowning (b) Hanging and Strangulation
(c) Suffocation(i) Due to obstruction to entry of air through the air passage.

4. First aid Treatment.

● Burn Treatment.
(a) If the burn is chemical, let water from a pipe or hose flow freely on the burn so that
the chemical flows off.
(a) Protect the burnt area by applying bandage or cover exposed part with clean towel
or cloth.
(b) Give complete rest and plenty of fluids to the patient.
(c) Re-assure the patient.
(d) Give him morphia, if required.
(f) Evacuate patient to the nearest hospital or dispensary.

● Snake Bite.
a) Make the victim lie down comfortably.
(b) Give convincing reassurance against fear of death.
(c) Apply a light constricting tourniquet with above the knee for a bite on the leg and
above elbow for a bite on the arm, so that the poison does not flows to all parts of the
body.
(d) Wash with soap and water. Use water freely.
(e) Incise into the skin 2.X ½. across the fang mark with a blade.
(f) Suck the blood either with mouth or with a suction pump. Be careful that there is no
cut out or ulcer in the mouth.
(g) Evacuate the patient quickly to the nearest dispensary or hospital.
(h) If breathing fails, start artificial respiration.
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● Rabid Dog Bite.

(a) Immediately wash the bite area with lots of water and soap.
(b) Wound should be cleaned with available antiseptic.
(c) Patient should be sent to hospital for an anti-rabies injection course.
(d) Dog and the patient should be kept under observation for at least 10 days.

5. Unconsciousness – caused due to interruption of the action of the brain.

6. Stages of unconsciouness

(a) Ist Stage - Delirium

(b) 2nd Stage - Patient responds to loud commands, gives maximum response to
minimum stimulus.

(c) 3rd Stage (Semi-Coma)- Patient responds to painful stimuli only (minimum response
to maximum stimulus).

(d) 4th Stage - When the patient makes no response to any Stimulus.

6. Wounds can be defined as a brake in continuity of the skin or muscles membrane.

7. Classification.
a) Inside wound - caused by a sharp instrument like knife, razor and so on. Its edges are clean.

(b) Lacerated wound - caused by blunt instrument. The edges are torn or uneven.

(c) Punctured wound - caused by a pointed instrument like knife, bayonet, may be very deep
causing injuries to internal organs.

(f) Contusion - is an injury or a bruise in which some of the tissues or a part is irregularly torn
or ruptured but, the skin may not be broken. It is caused by a blow.

ENVIROMENT AWARENESS AND CONSERVATION

1. A natural resource is any useful product which is produced by nature and is essential for
our survival.

2. Classification of Natural Resources.

(A) By their renewability as:
● Renewable Resources. These are resources which can be replenished naturally.
Eg: Sunlight, air, wind, water etc.
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● Non-Renewable Resources. These are resources which are formed extremely slowly and
those which do not naturally form in the environment. Eg: Minerals and Fossil Fuels

(B) On the basis of origin as:

● Biotic - are obtained from the biosphere (living and organic material).
Eg: Forests, Animals, Fossil fuels etc.
● Abiotic - are those that come from non-living, non-organic material.
Eg: Land, Fresh-water, Air and Heavy metals.

(C) Stage of development as:

● Potential Resources - Potential resources are those that exist in a region and may
be used in the future. Eg: Petroleum.
● Actual Resources - Actual resources are those that have been surveyed, their quantity
and quality determined and are being used in present times.
Eg: wood processing.
● Reserve Resources - The part of an actual resource which can be developed profitably in
the future is called a reserve resource.
● Stock Resources - Stock resources are those that have been surveyed but cannot be used
by organisms due to lack of technology. Eg: Hydrogen.

3. Major effects of unrestricted use of natural resources:

● Ozone Depletion - This is a process by which the total volume of ozone in the Earth‘s
atmosphere decreases. The major reason for this ozone layer depletion is the production
CFCs, Freon, Halons. Since the ozone layer prevents most harmful UVB wavelengths
(280–315 nm) of ultraviolet light (UV light) from passing through the Earth's
atmosphere, depletion of the ozone layer has serious damaging effects.

● Soil Erosion - Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the
Earth's surface by natural processes such as, wind or water flow and then transported
and deposited at other locations. Excessive soil erosion causes:
(a) Desertification,
(b) Land degradation,
(c) Sedimentation of waterways
(d) Ecological collapse due to loss of the nutrient rich upper soil layers.

● Acid Rain - It is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, it
possesses added levels of hydrogen, caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen
oxide. Harmful effects include, paint to peel, corrosion of steel, total destruction to crop.
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● Global Warming. Global warming is a phenomenon associated with the increase of

earth‘s temperature caused by Greenhouse gas.
Greenhouse - is a gas that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. Eg:
Water vapour, Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide and ozone.

4. Methods for Conservation of Natural Resources:

● Recycling. This is a method by which some of the resources can be conserved by

recycling them or reusing them by adopting certain methods as under
Eg: Re-cycling of paper, Re-cycling of water.

● Water Harvesting - This method can be used for storing rainwater for use at a later
date.
● Aforestation

● Proper Waste Management.

● Greater Use of Renewable Sources..

● Avoid Wastage.

● Increasing Energy Efficiency.

● Monitoring and Control.

5. Role of NCC in Conservation of Natural Resources:

● Avoiding cutting of trees and by planting more trees.

● Not polluting water sources like river, ponds, and sea.

● Avoiding use of plastic.

● Avoiding noise pollution.

● Recycling natural resources to ensure their efficient sustainable use.

● Using renewable sources of energy like solar and wind power.

● Saving energy

6. Only 1% of total water on earth is available for human consumption.

7. Rain Water Harvesting - means capturing the runoff of the rainwater in our own house,
village, town or city.
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8. Need for Rainwater Harvesting:

● It helps to recharge sub soil and groundwater thus increasing the level of the water
table.
● It helps to create large quantity of pollution free potable water

● It ensures ready supply of water on the land surface thereby reducing dependence
on the groundwater.

9. Types of Rainwater Harvesting Systems

● Ground Catchment Systems. Channelise water from a prepared catchment area

into a storage system.

● Roof Catchment Systems. Roof catchment systems channelise rainwater that

falls onto a roof, into a storage tank via a system of pipes.

● Subsurface Dyke. A subsurface dyke is built in an aquifer to obstruct the natural flow of
groundwater, thereby raising the groundwater level and increasing the amount of water
stored in the aquifer.

10. E-Waste. Electronic waste or E-waste as it is popularly called, is a collective terminology

for the entire stream of electronic wastes such as Used TV's, Refrigerators,

11.Choloro Fluro Carbons(CFC) causes depletion of Ozone layer.

12. WWF – World Wildlife Fund.

ADVENTURE TRAINING

1. Trekking – is a long adventourous journey undertaken on foot in areas where common means
of transport are generally not available.

2. Lightweight cycle touring is informally called “Credit card touring”.

3. Fully loaded cycle touring is also known as “Self-supported Touring”.

4. Rock Climbing-is an activity in which participtants climb up, down or across natural rock
formations or artificial rock walls.

5. Dynamic Ropes ar designed to absorb energy during fall and is used as Belaying ropes.

6 .Long Elongation Ropes are also called Static Ropes used as anchoiring systems.
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7. Carabiners are metal loops with spring loaded gates, made of steel and is used as connectors.

8. Rappel Devices are Friction brakes for descending ropes.

9. Belay Gloves have heat resistant padding on the palm and fingers.

9. An ice cutting axe should always be carried heading into a Snowy Terrain.

10. The standard obstacle course in NCC consists of 10 obstacles.

11. Each obstacle is placed at a distance of 30 ft from each other.

12. Benefits of Obstacle Course:

● Ensures physical fittness.

● Ensures agility.

● Ensures mental robustness.

● Co ordination of mind and body

● Improves risk taking ability.

● Evaluvate problem sloving skill.

● Overall team spirit

.
PERSONALITY DVELOPMENT

1.Ten core life skills:

(a) Self-awareness. (b) Empathy (c) Critical thinking. (d) Creative thinking

(e) Problem sloving skills (f) Decision Making (g) Inter-personal relationships.

(h) Effective Communication (i) Coping with errors. (j) Coping with stress.

2. Skills are required through- Practice and Patience.

3. A heallthy Self Image is the core determining factor of a strong personality.

4. Factors influencing Personality,

● Physical:
(a) Hereditary (b) Self- Development (c) Enviroment

(d) Education (e) Life-Situations.

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● Psycological and Philosophical:

(a) Past Experinces (b) Dreams and Ambitions (c) Self Image (d) Values.

SELF-AWARENESS

1. Personality is defined as the distinctive and characteristic patterns of thoughts, emotions and
behaviour that define an individual’s personal style of interacting with the physical and
social enviroment.

2. Character is defined as the collective qualities or characteristics that distinguish a person,

including his reputation, morals and will power.

3. Body Image is the way we percieve our body and also how we believe others perceive our
body.

4. Steps to tackle poor Body Image,

● Enhance Self esteem.

● Build up critical thinking.

● Build up positive qualities.

● Understand cultural variations.

● Utilize life skills.

5. Critical Thinking is the ability to analyze information and experinces in a objective manner.

6. Creativity is the ability to imagine or invent something new by combining, changing or by

reapplying existing ideas.

7. The link between positive thinking and creative thinking is Critical thinking.

8. Characteristics of a Creative Person,

(a) Curious (b) Optimistic (c) Enjoys Challenges

(d) Doesn’t give up easily (e) See’s problems as Oppurtunities.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

1. Styles of Communication,
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● Aggressive

● Passive

● Assertive

2. Ways of Communication,
● One way Communication. Eg: Announcements at School.

● Two way Communication. Eg: Parents interacting with their Children.

3. Constitiuents of effective communication

● Verbal Communication

● Non- Verbal Communication

● Listening
COURAGE

1. Courage is the abilty to confront pain, danger, uncertainity or intimidation.

2. Courage is of two kinds,

● Physical Courage – endure physical pain, hardship etc.

● Moral Courage – ability to act rightly in the face of popular opposition.

TIME MANAGEMENT

1. Principles of ime Management,

● Develop a persnal sense of time.

● Identify long term goals

● Concentrate on High return goals.

● Daily and weekly planning of goals.

● Make best ude of time

● Manage your Health.

CHARACTER

1. Role of NCC in character building,

NCC develops overall personality through,
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● Drill

● Interaction of Cadets in Camps.

● Competitions

● Sports and Adventure activities.

SOCIAL SKILLS

1. A Persons behaviour is reflected in his Conduct.

2. Etiquette- the manner and forms prescibed by customs, usage or authority and is accepted.

3. Mannerism – is any exaggerated style, distinctive traits of one individual.

4. The main reason for making one forget social courtesies is Eccentricity.

5. Importance of Etiquette,
● Mark of a cultured person.

● Teaches how to behave in a society.

● Makes a ever lasting impression

● Earns one respect and appreciation in the society.

6. Steps to Improve Social Skills,

● Be Yourself

● Be Responsible

● Be Open

● Be Attentive

● Be Polite

● Be Aware

● Be Cautious