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APAYAO STATE COLLEGE BS AGRICULTURE 1

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SKILLS DEVELOPMENT PRACTICUM AT APAYAO STATE COLLEGE

DURING THE S.Y. 2021-2022 MIDYEAR CLASS

A Narrative Report
Submitted to the Faculty of
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY
Apayao State College
North Apayao Campus
San Isidro Sur, Luna, Apayao

in Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for the degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
Major in Crop Science

ELSA A. DE GUZMAN

AUGUST 2022
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ABSTRACT

Title : SKILLS DEVELOPMENT PRACTICUM AT APAYAO STATE

COLLEGE DURING THE S.Y. 2021-2022 MIDYEAR CLASS

Trainee : ELSA A. DE GUZMAN

Degree : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

Major : CROP SCIENCE

Adviser : MARITES GARILLO

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APPROVAL SHEET

This narrative report attached hereto a “SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

PRACTICUM AT APAYAO STATE COLLEGE DURING THE S.Y. 2021-2022

MIDYEAR CLASS” presented by MS. ELSA A. DE GUZMAN in partial fullfilment

of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Agriculture Major in Crop

Science, is hereby for approval.

MINARDO VILLANUEVA
Dean, College of Agriculture

____________________
Date

Accepted and approved in partial fullfilment of the requirements for the degree

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture Major in Crop Science.

GERONIMO L. DIGMA, PhD.

Program chair, Agriculture Department

___________________
Date
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DEDICATION

I’d like to dedicate this paper to my family, who have provided me with courage,

inspiration, and their support throughout my life.

To my fellow YP’s, thank you for your prayers and encouraging words.

Lastly, I dedicate this to the Almighty God for his provision of safety, direction, and

health. And thanks for giving me the chance to complete this summer practicum all

the way through.

Elsa A. De Guzman
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the almighty God for the

wisdom and strength He had showered to me and my family. Likewise a sincere

gratitude is also extended to the following individuals who inspired her to move

forward.

To Mrs. Marites Garillo, her adviser, for her patience, encouragement, guidance,

pieces of advice, and supervision throughout the duration of Summer Practicum.

May God Showered You His Blessing Abundantly.

To Mr. Marfel Angelo Fontanilla , Thank you for your hard work and for sharing

your ideas about banana macropropagation with us. You even mention the common

diseases that usually affect the said crops. We can put our knowledge to use in the

future.

To Mr. Leandro, for his never-ending concern and for guiding us during our

practicum on his site.

To Mr. Ryan Lamug, I thank him a lot for inspiring everyone to continue pursuing

our dreams. For giving me a certificate entitled, "Most trustworthy student," thank

you for that simple encouragement. Thank you for the uplifting words. Your words

mean a lot to me.

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To Mr. Norbert, I thank you for your kindness and patience with us.

To Mrs. Mary Chris Undajon, Thank you for the concern. Thank you for a lot. I
will
not mention them all, but God knows that you did all your best to teach us about
our activities and also how to be humble. Thank you for the moral support and for
the kindness. I adore you so much.
To Mrs. Nerissa Molina, for her friendliness toward her students and her
determination to help us. Thank You for the fruitful adviced you gave us.
To Mr. Janray Aribuabo, , thank you for sharing your thoughts on how to make a
bonsai and for your kindness.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page 1
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Approval Sheet 3
Dedication 4
Acknowledgement 5-6
CHAPTER 1: IMPORTANT POINTS IN ON THE JOB TRAINING
Introduction 9
Objectives of the Local On the Job Training 10
Trainees Personal Objectives 10
Expected Output of the Student 10-11
Time and Place of the Training 11
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 12-34
CHAPTER 3: TERMINAL REPORT 35-37
ACTUAL PRACTICES 37– 43
Problems Encountered with Solutions 44
Lessons Learned 45
Applications in the Field of Specialization 45
CHAPTER 4: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 46-47
LITERATURES CITED 48
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Apayao State College History, Vision, 65-71
Mission,Goals, and Core Values
Appendix B. ASC Agriculture Department Mandates 72
and Objectives
Appendix C. Curriculum Vitae 73
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Chapter I

INTRODUCTION
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Skills Development Practicum

Practicum: also called an internship, it is an on-the-job learning experience

undertaken within an academic framework; a supervised/mentored, practical

application of a previously studied theory.

Internships provide students with hands-on learning experience as they gain a

glimpse into the real world, giving them a front-row seat to a potential career choice.

They go into the internship thinking they want to work at a specific company or in a

specific industry and come out of the internship either having confirmed those thoughts

or having decided to pursue something completely different. The idea is that they get to

know now if they like a job rather than when they graduate. So many people move into

jobs they dislike after graduation because they didn't know any better. Internships are a

good way to curb that likelihood.Internships also provide networking opportunities. Most

college students don't have a professional network. Internships change that. Students

leave internships with a Rolodex of professional contacts who can help them gain future

employment, whether by serving as a reference or by alerting them to job opportunities.

Objectives of the Practicum

1. To expose the student to the field.

2. To make the students apply what they learn in the school.

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Trainee’s Personal Objectives in Joining the Skills Development Practicum

Generally, the student trainee aims to learn the basic ins and outs of agriculture

professional actually working.

Specifically, the trainee aims,

1. To expose the trainee to a particular job and a profession or industry

2. To learn from the different actual practices about poultry, Geo-mapping,

Vegetable area establishment, Ruminant production, poultry production,

mushroom production, vermi-culture, floriculture, Banana Production.

3. To gain experience and, at the same time we can apply or share these

knowledge to our farmers and to our community in the future.

Expected Output from the Student

The student trainee is expected to accomplish the different activities given and it

is expected that they learn from the activities. The student trainees also expected to

develop positive work ethics in all aspects of their participation in the field. Finally, the

student is expected to be a good observer of his or her surroundings and to be able to

communicate effectively with his or her fellow trainees.

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Time and Place of the Training

Our summer practicum is composed of different areas such as banana

macropropagation, geo-mapping, ruminant production, poultry production, mushroom

production, vermicompost, landscaping and bonsai making, and vegetable production.

The training was conducted from June 13, 2022 to August 8, 2022 for a total of 240

hours. The practicum was scheduled From Monday to Friday.

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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Practicum

Praticum is an important part of every paradeic program, providing students a learning

environment to develop new skills and adjust their previous practice. At the same time, it

is also seen as a final exam, a chance to see if the student is ready for practice outside the

classroom setting. This occurs under the watchful eyes of their preceptors, who serve as

teachers and adjudicators at the same time. These diverging objectives can cause

confusion and challenges for both the student and the preceptor. Is thus necessary to

clarify the point of practicum and the role of the preceptor.

Practicum is meant to provide students a bridge between the classroom and the

practice environment they will soon enter. The students are expected to learn how to

assess based on the knowledge developed during their schooling. At the same time,

students adapt skills during the practicum.

State of Agriculture in the Philippines

The Philippines is still primarily an agricultural country despite the plan to make

it an industrialized economy by 2000. Most citizens still live in rural areas and support

themselves through agriculture. The country's agriculture sector is made up of 4 sub-

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sectors: farming, fisheries, livestock, and forestry (the latter 2 sectors are very small),

which together employ 39.8 percent of the labor force and contribute 20 percent of GDP.

The country's main agricultural crops are rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane, bananas,

pineapple, coffee, mangoes, tobacco, and abaca (a banana-like plant). Secondary crops

include peanut, cassava, camote (a type of root crop), garlic, onion, cabbage, eggplant,

calamansi (a variety of lemon), rubber, and cotton. The year 1998 was a bad year for

agriculture because of adverse weather conditions. Sector output shrank by 8.3 percent,

but it posted growth the following year. Yet, hog farming and commercial fishing posted

declines in their gross revenues in 1999. The sector is burdened with low productivity for

most of its crops.

The Philippines exports its agricultural products around the world, including the

United States, Japan, Europe, and ASEAN countries (members of the Association of

Southeast Asian Nations). Major export products are coconut oil and other coconut

products, fruits and vegetables, bananas, and prawns (a type of shrimp). Other exports

include the Cavendish banana, Cayenne pineapple, tuna, seaweed, and carrageenan. The

value of coconut-product exports amounted to US$989 million in 1995 but declined to

US$569 million by 2000. Imported agricultural products include unmilled wheat and

meslin, oilcake and other soybean residues, malt and malt flour, urea, flour, meals and

pellets of fish, soybeans and whey.

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One of the most pressing concerns of the agricultural sector is the rampant

conversion of agricultural land into golf courses, residential subdivisions, and industrial

parks or resorts. In 1993 the nation was losing irrigated rice lands at a rate of 2,300

hectares per year. Small land-holders find it more profitable to sell their land to

developers in exchange for cash, especially since they lack capital for seeds, fertilizers,

pesticides, and wages for hiring workers to plant and harvest the crops. Another concern

is farmers' continued reliance on chemical-based fertilizers or pesticides that have

destroyed soil productivity over time. In recent years however, farmers have been slowly

turning to organic fertilizer, or at least to a combination of chemical and organic inputs.

Environmental damage is another major concern. Coral-reef destruction, pollution

of coastal and marine resources, mangrove forest destruction, and siltation (the clogging

of bodies of water with silt deposits) are significant problems.The agriculture sector has

not received adequate resources for the funding of critical programs or projects, such as

the construction of efficient irrigation systems. According to the World Bank, the share

of irrigated crop land in the Philippines averaged only about 19.5 percent in the mid-

1990s, compared with 37.5 percent for China, 24.8 percent for Thailand, and 30.8 percent

for Vietnam. In the late 1990s, the government attempted to modernize the agriculture

sector with the Medium Term Agricultural Development Plan and the Agricultural

Fisheries Modernization Act.

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The fisheries sector is divided into 3 sub-sectors: commercial, municipal, and

aquaculture (cultivation of the natural produce of bodies of water). In 1995, the

Philippines contributed 2.2 million tons, or 2 percent of total world catch, ranking it

twelfth among the top 80 fish-producing countries. In the same year, the country also

earned the distinction of being the fourth biggest producer of seaweed and ninth biggest

producer of world aquaculture products.

In 1999 the fisheries sector contributed P80.4 billion at current prices, or 16

percent of gross value added in agriculture. Total production in 1999 reached 2.7 million

tons. Aquaculture contributed the most, with 949,000 tons, followed closely by

commercial fishing with 948,000 tons, and municipal fisheries with 910,000 tons.

Domestic demand for fish is substantial, with average yearly fish consumption at 36kg

per person compared to a 12kg figure for consumption of meat and other food products.

State of Agriculture in the Cordillera Administrative Region

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) produced a total of 235,420.0 metric

tons (MT) of crops excluding palay and corn during the first semester of 2018. Crops are

classified in three types: fruit crops, non-food and industrial commercial crops (NFICCs)

and vegetable crops. Crop production in CAR increased by 2.5 percent or 5,790.2 MT

during first semester of 2018 compared to that of 229,629.8 MT during same period in

2017.CAR crop production by type in first semester 2018 were distributed as follows:

75.4 percent or 177,559.7 MT of Vegetables production, 16.8 percent or 39,638.3 MT of

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NFICCs production and 7.7% or 18,222.0 MT of fruit crops production.Out of CAR’s

total crop production, the province of Benguet contributed the largest share with 65.1

percent or 153,313.1 MT, followed by Kalinga province with 13.2 percent or 30,986.2

MT. Abra shared 6.3 percent or 14,820.8 MT while Ifugao, Apayao and Mountain

Province contributed 5.9 percent, 5.0 percent and 4.6 percent, respectively.

Major Crops of Cordillera, out of the 235,420.0 MT of crop production in CAR

during the reference period, cabbage was largely produced with 41,773.6 MT or 17.7

percent. White potato followed with 13.5 percent or 31,744.0 MT; sugarcane with 12.2

percent or 28,806.8 MT and carrots and chayote fruit with 8.2 percent and 7.0 percent,

respectively.

Crop Production by ProvinceAbra, produced 14,820.8 MT during first semester of

2018. The crop production decreased by 1.9 percent or 288.3 MT compared to 15,109.1

MT of output during first semester of 2017.The top three produced crop by the province

were bananas with 26.6 percent (3,936.7 MT) contribution to the total banana production

of the province, followed by squash fruit with 13.6 percent or 2,016.0 MT, and tobacco

with 10.9 percent or 1,613.4 MT.Abra was the top producer of bananas in the region with

38.4 percent of the total regional banana production, squash fruit and tobacco with 58.3

percent and 99.7 percent to the regional total production, respectively.

ApayaoThe province of Apayao produced 11,815.0 during first semester of 2018.

Crop production of the province increased by 8.7 percent or 944.0 MT compared to the
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10,871.0 MT produced in first semester of 2017.The top three crops by the province were

cassava with 76.3 percent (9,020.5 MT) contribution to the total production in Apayao,

followed by banana with 7.9 percent or 933.4 MT, and squash fruit with 6.5 percent or

766.4 MT.Apayao was the top producer of cassava with 61.1 percent of the regional

cassava production; second top producer of squash fruit with 22.2 percent; and third top

producer of banana with 9.10 percent.

BenguetAmong the provinces of CAR, Benguet had the largest crop production

with 153,313.1 MT during the reference period sharing 65.1 percent to the total crop

production of the region owing to wide farming areas and temperate weather suitable of

producing highland vegetable crops.Crop production in the province decreased by 1.4

percent or 2,241.3 MT during first semester of 2018 compared to the 155,554.4 MT

output in 2017.The top three crops produced by the province were cabbage with 25.4

percent or 38,925.0 MT contribution to the total crop production of the province,

followed by white potato with18.7 percent or 28,600.0 MT and carrots with 11.9 percent

or 18,209.0 MT.Benguet was the tSSSSop producer in the region for the following crops:

cabbage with 93.2 percent of the regional cabbage production; white potato with 90.10

percent of the regional white potato production; carrots with 94.2 percent of the regional

carrots production; and chayote fruits with 97.78 percent of the total regional chayote

production.
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Ifugao, produced 13,772.4 MT of crops during the first semester of 2018

accounting to 5.9 percent share to the total crop production in the region.Crop production

of the province increased by 14.5 percent or 1,745.6 MT during first semester of 2018 as

compared to the 12,026.7 MT production in 2017.The top three crops produced by the

province were cassava with 38.6 percent (5,315.5 MT) contribution to the total

production of the province, followed by banana with 22.6 percent or 3,106.5 MT, and

camote with 8.3 percent or 1,140.9 MT.

Kalinga, produced a total of 30,986.2 MT of crops during the first semester of

2018. Production increased by 21.0 percent or 5,371.2 MT compared with the 25,615.0

MT crop production of the province in same period in 2017.The top three crops produced

by the province were sugarcane with 28,107.0 MT or 90.7 percent contribution to the

total production of the province, followed by banana with 2.9 percent or 88.5 MT and

coffee with 2.6 percent or 801.2 MT.Kalinga was the top producer of the region in

sugarcane with 97.6 percent of the total regional sugarcane production.

Mountain Province, produced 10,712.6 MT of crops during first semester of

2018. This was 4.6 percent of the regional crop production. The province’s crop

production increased by 2.5 percent (259.0 MT) compared to the 10,453.6 MT during the

first semester of 2017.The top three crops produced by the province were white potato

with 28.9 percent or 3,101.1 MT, followed by cabbage with 24.4 percent or 2,610.6 MT,

and carrots with 8.3 percent or 893.1 MT.Mountain Province was the second top
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producer of the region for the following crops: white potato with 9.8 percent of the

regional white potato production, cabbage with 6.25 percent, and carrots with 4.6 percent.

State of Agriculture in the Apayao Province

The Province of Apayao is one of the six provinces of the CAR. It is located in

the northwestern part of Luzon. It is bounded on the East and North by the Province of

Cagayan, on the West by the Province of Ilocos Norte and Abra, on the South by the

Province of Kalinga.

The province is composed of seven 7 municipalities and 134 barangays and

geographically subdivided into two separate regions the Upper and Lower Apayao. Upper

Apayao is composed of the upland municipalities of Calanasan, Conner, and Kabugao.

Lower Apayao is composed of the lowland municipalities of Luna, Pudtol, Flora, and Sta.

Marcela. With an approximate land area of 5,113 square kilometers, Apayao has the

largest land area in the entire region sharing almost 26% of the Region’s total land area of

19,748.85 square kilometers.

Calanasan shares the largest land area in the province with a total land area of

1,692.27 square kilometers or a percentage share of 33.10% of the total land area.

Meanwhile, the Municipality of Sta. Marcela is the smallest municipality in terms of land

area with only 196.10 square kilometers or a percentage share of 3.84% of the total land

area.
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The province of Apayao produced 11,815 metric tons (MT) of crops during the first

semester of 2018. Crop production of the province increased by 8.7% or 944MT

compared to the 10,871 MT produced in first semester of 2017.The top three crops of the

province are cassava with 76.3% (9,020.5 MT) contribution to the total production in

Apayao, followed by banana with 7.9% or 933.4 MT, and squash fruit with 6.5% or

766.4 MT.

Apayao is the top producer of cassava with 6.1 of the regional cassava production;

second top producer of squash fruit 22.2% and third top producer of banana with 9.10%.

According to the data released by PSA in 2019, Apayao ranked 5th among the six

provinces in CAR with a contribution of 7.8% or 323.7 MT out of the 4,157.6 MT fishery

production in the region. Of this production, 234.9 MT came from inland fisheries while

88.9MT were harvested from 62.1 hectares of aqua farm areas in the province (PSA,

2019).

Major aquaculture commodities include tilapia, carp and catfish. Fisherfolk in the

province also cultures freshwater prawn whenever there are available seed stocks from

Region 1. For inland capture fisheries, fishermen usually conduct fishing activities in

rivers and lakes. Catch composition includes tilapia, carps, freshwater prawn, goby, eel

spp. and other freshwater fish species.

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Agriculture program of the Apayao State College

Apayao State College through its Research Development and Extension (RDE) unit

will help the Provincial Government of Apayao (PGA) map out a sustainable agriculture

as an offshot of the first exploratory visit and consultation with senior technical experts

on August 15, 2018 atRDE Conference Hall, Luna Campus.

Vice-Governor Remy N. Albano said that Gov. Elias C. Bulut Jr. emphasized the

need to seek technical assistance from experts to help the province pursue an integrated

agriculture development as spelled out in its Provincial Development and Physical

Framework Plan (PDPFP). This will be the first collaborative province-led extension

program in partnership with ASC-RDE dubbed as Apayao Sustainable Agriculture and

Extension Program (ASAEP). In response, Dr. Nelia Z. Cauilan expressed gratitude and

vowed full support to the PGA by expanding the research and extension Apayao State

College through its Research Development and Extension (RDE) unit will help the

Provincial Government of Apayao (PGA) map out a sustainable agriculture as an offshot

of the first exploratory visit and consultation with senior technical experts on August 15,

2018 at RDE Conference Hall, Luna Campus.

Vice-Governor Remy N. Albano said that Gov. Elias C. Bulut Jr. emphasized the

need to seek technical assistance from experts to help the province pursue an integrated

agriculture development as spelled out in its Provincial Development and Physical

Framework Plan (PDPFP). This will be the first collaborative province-led extension
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program in partnership with ASC-RDE dubbed as Apayao Sustainable Agriculture and

Extension Program (ASAEP). In response, Dr. Nelia Z. Cauilan expressed gratitude and

vowed full support to the PGA by expanding the research and extension capabilities of

the College.

The team of senior agriculture experts who visited the province were: Leonardo A.

Gonzales (socio-economist and team leader), Rex L. Navarro (agriculture extension

expert), Santiago R. Obien (Rice expert), and Arsenio D. Calub (livestock expert). Also

with them were veteran broadcasters Rogelio P. Matalang (DWDA-FM) and Arthur P.

Urata, Sr. (DWDA-FM), and Juanito M. Maloom (PhilriceBatac).

Assistance will be in the form of advisory service based on the core competencies of

the experts focusing in three areas: (1) technical assistance; (2) capacity building; and (3)

networking and link aging.

As an Initial move, a scoping study on agriculture in Apayao will be conducted to

determine the status of agriculture in the seven (7) municipalities of the province. The

data will be collected through document analysis and Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) to be

synthesized and presented during the stakeholder consultation workshop.

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Geo Mapping

The process of appending geographic coordinates to media based on the location of a

mobile device is known as geotagging. Geotags can be added to photos, videos, website,

text messages, and QR codes, and they can include time stamps and other contextual

information. Geotagging provides valuable information about consumer behavior.

Organizations can provide specialized offers and messaging by using geotags to analyze

where and how consumers interact with their brands. Geotags also reveal where people

are when they interact with a website or move around with their mobile device

throughout the day.

Using applications can improve trainees’ understanding of how the visible use of

technologies can also be a great assistance in land area measuring and tagging.

Vegetable

Vegetables are increasingly recognized as essential for food and nutrition security.

Vegetable production provides a promising economic opportunity for reducing rural

poverty and unemployment in developing countries and is a key component of farm

diversification strategies. Vegetables are mankind's most affordable source of vitamins

and minerals needed for good health. Today, neither the economic nor nutritional power
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of vegetables is sufficiently realized. To tap the economic power of vegetables,

governments will need to increase their investment in farm productivity (including

improved varieties, alternatives to chemical pesticides, and the use of protected

cultivation), good postharvest management, food safety, and market access. To tap the

nutritional power of vegetables, consumers need to know how vegetables contribute to

health, and find them at affordable prices or be able to grow them themselves. Vegetable

consumption must therefore be nurtured through a combination of supply-side

interventions and behavioral change communication emphasizing the importance of

eating vegetables for good nutrition and health. To fully tap the economic and nutritional

power of vegetables, governments and donors will need to give vegetables much greater

priority than they currently receive. Now is the time to prioritize investments in

vegetables, providing increased economic opportunities for small holder farmers and

providing healthy diets for all.

Vegetables are increasingly recognized as essential for food and nutrition security.

Vegetable production provides a promising economic opportunity for reducing rural

poverty and unemployment in developing countries and is a key component of farm

diversification strategies. Vegetables are mankind's most affordable source of vitamins

and minerals needed for good health. Today, neither the economic nor nutritional power

of vegetables is sufficiently realized. To tap the economic power of vegetables,

governments will need to increase their investment in farm productivity (including

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improved varieties, alternatives to chemical pesticides, and the use of protected

cultivation), good postharvest management, food safety, and market access. To tap the

nutritional power of vegetables, consumers need to know how vegetables contribute to

health, and find them at affordable prices or be able to grow them themselves. Vegetable

consumption must therefore be nurtured through a combination of supply-side

interventions and behavioral change communication emphasizing the importance of

eating vegetables for good nutrition and health. To fully tap the economic and nutritional

power of vegetables, governments and donors will need to give vegetables much greater

priority than they currently receive. Now is the time to prioritize investments in

vegetables, providing increased economic opportunities for small holder farmers and

providing healthy diets for all.

Ruminant

Ruminants have served and will continue to serve a valuable role in sustainable

agricultural systems. They are particularly useful in converting vast renewable resources

from rangeland, pasture, and crop residues or other by-products into food edible for

humans. With ruminants, land that is too poor or too erodable to cultivate becomes

productive. Also, nutrients in by-products are utilized and do not become a waste-

disposal problem. The need to maintain ruminants to utilize these humanly inedible

foodstuffs and convert them into high-quality foods for human consumption has been a
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characteristic of advanced societies for several thousand years. Further, ruminant

livestock production is entirely consistent with proper agronomy practices in which

forages are grown on 25% of arable land to minimize water and soil erosion. Questions

have been asked, however, about the use of humanly edible foodstuffs (grains, protein

sources, etc.) in ruminant diets. Does their use create a net loss of nutrients for human

consumption? What level of their use is necessary or desirable? Does the use of some of

these improve the nutrient (e.g. protein) quality or product value? Too often the

opponents of animal agriculture evaluate the desirability of animal production on gross

calorie or protein intake/output values. However, in many cases the feeds used in animal

production are not consumable by humans, and in order to properly evaluate animal

production, humanly consumable energy and protein intake should be used for efficiency

comparisons. Analysis of the costs/returns of humanly edible energy and protein for a

variety of dairy and beef cattle production systems shows that food value is increased

with ruminant products, and that net returns of humanly edible nutrients are dependent on

the production system used. The efficiency with which ruminants convert humanly edible

energy and protein into meat or milk is highly dependent on diet, and hence, on regional

production practices. Previous studies suggest that in the United States, dairy production

efficiency ranges from 96 to 276% on a humanly consumable protein basis. Beef

production efficiency is very dependent on the time spent in the feedlot and digestible

energy and protein efficiencies range from 28 to 59% and 52 to 104%, respectively.

However, beef production can add to the humanly consumable protein pool depending on
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APAYAO STATE COLLEGE BS AGRICULTURE 27

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the feeding schedule. In addition, the protein resulting from ruminant livestock

production is of higher quality with a greater biological value than protein in the substrate

feeds. The evidence that ruminant livestock belong in sustainable livestock production

systems is convincing

Poultry

The raising of poultry mainly fulfills the purposes of meat,eggs and feather

production, and sometimes for religious ceremonies (Scanes et al., 2004). Poultry are

efficient converters of feed to food. Food of poultry origin serves the highest nutritional

values, with egg being not only delicious but extremely nutritious and balance of all

nutrients (Scanes et al., 2004).

Poultry plays very important role for mankind through food supply, income and

employment generation, providing raw materials to some industries, facilitating research

works etc. Family poultry makes up to 80 percent of poultry stocks in low-income food-

deficit countries (Pym et al., 2006) where owners raise poultry in small numbers ranging

from single birds up to a few hundred.

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Mushroom

Mushroom consumption and medicinal application of fungi first started in Asian

countries. The history of the cultivation of fungi for food and medicines in Asia

started In China 600 years AD with the artificial inoculation of twigs with

Auricularia auricularia-judae which is a common mushroom to the Asian kitchen.

On the other hand, in many European countries, mushrooms are broadly neglected

for centuries. There is no practice of mushroom hunting because of the fear of

mushroom poisoning and other reasons. Cultivated mushrooms have become one of the

most important crops in Chinese agriculture, reaching an estimated annual yield of

38.42 million tonnes. Today, there are 1,789 edible and 798 medicinal fungi

reported from China being largest edible mushroom producer in the world.The

cultivation of edible mushrooms offers one of the most feasible and economic

method for the bio conversion of agro-ligno cellulosic wastes; edible mushrooms are

highly priced, not only as food but also in traditional medicine. Naraian et al., (2014)

stated that the cultivation of mushroom is recognized as worthwhile agribusiness and

oyster mushroom as a popular white vegetable having excellent flavour and taste.

The utilization of agricultural waste as growing media for the production of

mushroom play a key role in reducing the waste and at the same time useful as a

fertilizer (Sher et al., 2011). Furthermore, mushrooms can make a valuable dietary

addition through protein and various micro nutrients and, coupled with their medicinal
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properties, mushroom cultivation can represent a valuable small-scale enterprise

option. Moreover, growing of mushrooms helps avoid some of the challenges

facing collectors of wild fungi, including species identification, obtaining access and

permits for collecting, and practicing sustainable harvest. Cultivation is also

independent of weather, and can recycle agricultural by-products as composted

substrate which, in turn, can be used as organic mulch in growing other horticultural

crops, including vegetables. The area under banana and coconut industry is

increasing day by day in the Philippines and a large quantity of biomass is

produced after cultivation of this crops. Use of this agro -waste by products in

combination with saw dust can help to increase the yield of Postreatus or the oyster

mushroom. Therefore, various experiments were conducted to evaluate the yield

potential of Postreatus grown on lignocellulosic agricultural wastes such as the

coconut residue and dried banana leaves alone. Although, there has been a great

amount of research on mushrooms and their cultivation in temperate climates,

there has unfortunately been comparatively little on varieties suitable for tropical

climates. Many commercial mushrooms only fruits at around20°C and are

therefore, not suitable for tropical regions. The production of tropical

mushrooms like oyster ( Pleurotus spp) utilizing locally available substrates such as

coconut.

Vermicomposting
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Vermicomposting is generally defined as the solid phase decomposition of organic

residues in the aerobic environment by exploiting the optimum biological activity of

earthworms and microorganisms (Garg, Gupta, 2009).

Vermicomposting is describe as “bioxidation and stabilization of organic material

involve by the joint action of earthworm and mesophilic micro-organisms”.

vermicompost produced by the activity of earthworms is rich in macro and micro

nutrients, vitamins, growth hormones, enzymes such as proteases, amyllases, lipase,

cellulase and chitinase and immobilized microflora. The enzymes continue to

disintegrate organic matter even the after day have been ejected from worms (Barik et

al., 2011).

Vermicomposting involves the composting of organic wastes through earthworm

activity. It was has proven successful in processing sewage sludge and solids from

wastewater, materials from breweries, paper waste, urban residues, food and animal

waste, as well as horticular residues from processed potatoes, dead plants and the

mushroom industry (Dominguez, Edwars, 2004).

Vermicomposting is a decomposition process involving the joint action of

earthworms and microorganisms. Although microorganisms are responsible for the

biochemical degradation of organic matter, earthworms are crucial drivers of the

process, by fragmenting and conditioning the substrate and dramatically altering its

biological activity. Earthworms act as a mechanical blenders and by comminuting the

organic matter they modify its physical and chemical status, gradually reducing its C:N
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ratio, increasing the surface area exposed to micro organism and microorganism and

making it much more favorable for microbial activity and further decomposition.

Greatly during passage through the earthworm gut, they move fragments and bacterial

rich excrements, thus homogenizing the organic material. The end-product,

vermicompost, is a finely divided peat-like material with high porosity and water

holding capacity that contains most nutrients in forms that are readily taken up by the

plants. This earthworm casts are rich in organic matter and have high rates of

mineralization that implicates a greatly enhanced plant availability of nutrients,

particularly ammonium and nitrate (Dominguez, Edwars, 2004).

Vermicompost produced by the activity of earthworms is rich in macro and

micronutrients, vitamins, growth hormones, enzymes such as proteases, amylases,

lipase, cellulose and chitinase and immobilized microflora. Vermicompost is optimal

organic manure for better growth and yield of many plants. It can increase the

production of crops and prevent them from harmful pests without polluting the

environment. Application of vermicompost increased growth, improved plants nutrient

content, and improved the quality of fruits and seeds.

Composting which refer the controlled decomposition of organic material, has been

used by farmers and gardeners since prehistoric times to recycle waste into product that

enhance plant growth (Trautman and krasny, 1997).

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The young african night crawler matures in one month, grows to a length of about 30

cm, weighing 3 grams each, and continue to live for more than 1 month under favorable

conditions ( Guererro, 2009).

Floriculture

Floriculture is a branch of horticulture that deals with the cultivation, processing and

marketing of ornamental plants vis;a vis landscaping for small or large areas, and

maintenance of gardens so that the surroundings may appear aesthetically pleasant.

Floriculture includes annual (seasonal), biennial and perennial ornamentals, such as

cacti and other succulents, bromeliads, trees, shrubs, climbers, bulbous plants, lawn and

ornamental grasses, bamboos, orchids, palms, cycads, foliage, bedding, pot and house

plants, cut and loose flowers, fillers, ferns, seed and bulb production of ornamentals,

dried flowers or plants parts, and other value added products, such as extraction of

essential oil, edible pigments, and their marketing vis-à-vis making and maintenance of

gardens.

Floriculture is one of the most potential components of the Horticulture Industry, being

important from aesthetic, social and economic points of view. It has the potential for

generating employment opportunities round-the-year and earning foreign exchange. In

many countries, different floricultural value-added products are the main export items

from the agriculture sector.

Banana Macropropagation
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The banana plant is a sizable perennial herb with pseudostems that resemble trunks

made of the leaf sheaths. The plant has 8–12 leaves that can reach a length of 9 feet and a

width of 2 feet. In certain instances, root development in loose soil can extend up to 30

feet laterally. The description of other plants varies depending on their variation.

The pseudostem's middle is penetrated by the inflorescence, or flower stalk. Flowers

grow in groups and spiral around their central axis. The majority of cultivars feature a

few "hands" of neuter flowers that have ovulated and lost their stamens that follow the

female flowers. Male flowers encased in bracts follow the terminal ends of the neuter

blooms. The male flowers have ovaries that have been aborted but functional stamens.

The earliest (female) flowers' ovaries expand quickly and mature partheno carpically

(without pollination) into clusters of fruits known as hands.

60 to 90 days after the first appearance of the blossoms, the fruits are ready. The

number of "hands" along the central stem of each cluster of fruits varies. There are two

transverse rows of fruits in each "hand" ("fingers").

Size (finger length and thickness), evenness of ripening, lack of blemishes and

defects, and cluster arrangement all affect the fruit's quality. Different markets may have

different quality standards.

Advantages of Macropropagation
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It gives relatively healthy plants if suckers got from healthy mother plants and

contamination is avoided during the process and can be done locally at low cost and with

minimum training a private person or farmers organization can launch this activity the

produced plantlet are easily transportable and so easily marketable.

How to select suckers:

Healthy sword suckers are carefully uprooted from healthy looking mother plants.

Sword sucker that are about I m in length whose leaves are still shaped like a sword.

They’re recommended suckers to use for macropropagation.

Pairing to remove roots:

The sword suckers are then cleaned to remove soil and paired to remove outer tissue

like roots sheaths and the top mat layer of the comb. In this way nematodes which mainly

reside in roots are remove at the same time allowing visibility in case of any weevel

tunnels are on the corm tissue after pairing the suckers are then immersed in boiling

water in 30 seconds.

Boiling water treatment:

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This is a process whereby the paired of sucker is dipped in boiling water for 30

seconds. It aim is to have a healthy sucker that is free from nematodes and their eggs that

maybe on the surface of the corm.

Overheating kills the sucker peeling to expose buds. A process where the sheaths are

continuously peeled off at the point of their connection to the corm. This helps to expose

buds which are always found where the sheaths starts and ends at this point. The sheath

seems to make a letter V each bud that is exposed is crosscut in the center to allow

sprouting of multi shoots. After all the sprouting of multiple shoots the possible buds are

exposed the main growing point on the comb killed by cross cutting in the middle or ,by

simply removing growing soft tissues in the middle.

Chapter III
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TERMINAL REPORT

Activities and Schedule

The Practicum conducted with the following activities and schedule:

Table 1. Activities and schedule during the Practicum in San Gregorio, Luna, Apayao;
Schedule Activities Accomplishments
June 13-17, 2022  Sir Marfel discussed to the  The Set A class gains
class the diseases commonly knowledge and can classify
found in the banana. the different diseases found
 Weeding in the banana.
 We did the actual process on  The area was thoroughly
how to do the banana cleaned.
macropropagation.  Everyone experienced the
activity application.
June 20-24 2022  Site Selection  Select the site
 Clearing Operation  Area was cleaned
 Geo tagging  The area measured
 We measured our designated
area by using the geo
measurement app
 We inserted our output into the
laptop
June 27-July 1,  Making a stair  We finish making a stair at
2022  Clearing operation the right time.
 Making Urea Molasses Mineral  The area cleaned
Blocks (UMMB)  Each group successfully
done in making a UMMB.

July 4-8, 2022  Integrated farm development  Integrated farm

 Planted medicinal plants such development finished
as oregano and lemon grass.  We finish planting the said
 Caponization to a chicken plants.
 Building a bridge  Our caponization was
conducted successfully
 The bridge is built
July 11-15, 2022  Soaking banana leaves into the  The banana leaves soaked
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river  The area is thoroughly clean

 Cleaning the area  It was successfully planted
 Planting the spawn of a
mushroom
July 18-22, 2022  Getting rid of invasive weeds  Uprooted weeds made
in the garden  The manure was chopped
 chopping the goat and carabao into tiny pieces
manure into tiny pieces  Transferring the
 Transferring the first bed where vermcompost was made
the first vermicomposting was  It enhanced our knowledge
established and added it to the regarding the said lecture.
third bed
 M’am Nerissa discussed what
vermicomposting defined and
the worm present in the
vermicomposting.

July 25-29, 2022  Watering the plants  The plants will survive the
Assemble a pot using a drought
net  It was successfully
 Collecting and assembled
burning the dried  The dried leaves were
leaves burned
 Making a bonsai  A bonsai was created
with a wire wrapped  The lecture added to our
around the stem. idea
 Sir Janray gave us a
lecture about the
latin words and the
different styles in
making bonsai
August 1-5, 2022  Cultivating the  it helps the plants grow
plants better
 Weeding  Uprooted weeds
 Applying a foliar  The area is clean
fertilizer to the  Planting tomatoes was made
plants(Concoction)
 Cleaning the area
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APAYAO STATE COLLEGE BS AGRICULTURE 38

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 Planting tomato
plants

ACTUAL PRACTICES

Banana Macro Propagation

Selecting the Right Area

 East – West conformation.

 Cool shady area.

 Away from neighbors.

 Secured location.

 Near the caretakers.

 Place the house on higher portions of the land.

Nursery Building

 Space Requirement

 Posting collection

 Digging a rectangular shape of the area

Collection of planting material and Planting

 Collection of different varieties of banana sucker

 Preparing/ cleaning the corm

 Collecting of Rice Hull

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APAYAO STATE COLLEGE BS AGRICULTURE 39

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 Corm decapitation and sterilization

 Planting of corm with correct spacing, covered with CRH on top and Rice

Hull at the bottom.

Geo Tagging and Measurement

Site Selection

 East-west conformation
 Clearing operation

Labeling

 Putting tags between boundaries

 Putting marks in the end point of the area

Measuring and Tagging

 Area was measured using the apps

 Transferring of data into laptop using google earth pro

Ruminant Production

Site Selection

 East –West Conformation

 Cool shady area
 Secured location
 Away from neighbors
 Near the caretakers
 Place the house on higher portion of the land

Ruminant House Building

 A doe needs a 20 sq.ft

 A buck needs least 27-43 sq.ft (2.5-4 sqm)
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Poultry Production

Stock Selection

 Chicks

 Clean, dry navel and pasty vent

 Well – developed body length and depth

 Should be 35g BW (day old)

 Shiny, dry, thick and colored down feathers

 Thick shanks with spaced and straight toes

 Soft belly

 Big clear/bright eyes

 Active

 Grower/Pullets

 Healthy and lively

 Shiny and normal feathering

 Large size for the age

 Bright eyes

 Clean and dry beaks and nostrils

 Clean feathers around the vent

 Straight legs and toes

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APAYAO STATE COLLEGE BS AGRICULTURE 41

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 Active

 Hen/Layers

 Large, red and waxy comb

 Bleach eye ring and beak

 Wattles are soft and smooth

 Vent is large, oval shaped, moist and bleach

 Pelvic bone is thin, wide apart and flexible

 Legs less colored in lay

 Cockerel/cocks

 Alert and protective in nature

 Shiny and normal feathering

 Clear and shiny eyes

 Clean, dry beaks and nostrils

 Clean feathers around the vent

 Straight legs and toes with no signs of scaly legs

 Large size relative to hen

 Come from breeds of fast growers and high egg producer

Selection of Chicken

 Male (4-7 months old) to avoid the high percentage of mortality

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Equipments Needed

 Scalpel
 Spreader
 Gauge with tape
 Sunction

Caponization Process

Step 1: Clean the table where does the operation conducted

Step 2: Prepare a boiled water for the sterilization process of the equipments

Step 3: Prepare the chicken and gloves

Step 4: Cut the thigh ( between the 2nd and last rib)

Step 5: Find the testicle

Step 6: Clip the testicle

Step 7: Spray the cutted parts of a chicken to avoid infections

Making an Incubator

 1 bulb (good for 20 chicks)

 Blower pan (220 volts)
 Receptacle
 Nail plug wire (18/meter)
 Thermostat (serve as the brain)
 Heater
 Temperature (37.7 normal temperature and serve as the controller)

Mushroom Production

Building of beds
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APAYAO STATE COLLEGE BS AGRICULTURE 43

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 Construction and maintenance of beds with correct spacing and height below
the ground

Different substrates Used:

 Banana leaves
 Madre de cacao leaves

Planting of mushroom seeds

 Spawn of volva

Vermicompost Production

Building of beds

 Construction of beds

Different substrates Used:

 Banana trunks
 Madre De Cacao

Animal manure Used:

 Goat manure
 Cow manure
 Carabao manure

Bonsai Making

 Topiary making
 Assembling of pot using wire with net inside
 landscaping

Vegetable Gardening
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APAYAO STATE COLLEGE BS AGRICULTURE 44

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Site selection

 East-west confrontation
 Good drainage and water system
 Easy to access

Concoction making

 FPJ ratio 1:1

Different Substrates Used:

 Banana Trunk

Problems Encountered

During the practicum, there was some problems we encountered. Losing give us a

chance to learn something. Do not give the devil a foothold. Problems should not be use

an excuse to stop/ give up but instead make it as a memorable thing to looking forward

and continue living.

These are the following problems we encountered:

1. Time management. Some of the trainees come late and Baby Rose argued to Aiza

because it was unfair for us who come early.

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APAYAO STATE COLLEGE BS AGRICULTURE 45

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2. Laziness: Some of the trainees didn’t work if the instructor was not around.

3. Whether Condition: Because of the unexpected rain, our work was delayed and

our instructor dismissed us early.

4. Transportation: The rest of us had problems with transportation due to the

distance of the site location.

5. Stomach Ache: some of the trainees suffered from stomach aches, and I was one

of them.

Lessons Learned

 Nothing is difficult for someone who is determined to learn.

 Use your time effectively and effeciently

 Make your weakness be your strength.

 All hardworks will be paid off

Applications in the Field of Specialization

It will be a great pleasure for me to work and gain experience if I am the lucky trainee who is

hired by the Department of Agriculture someday.

If God gave me an opportunity to help those people who are struggling with financial

matters, I would like to apply these skills I gained to help them. It was a pleasure to share

this rare opportunity with everybody, especially those people who weren’t given a

chance to attend this practicum. I will conduct a seminar to disseminate this information.
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I will use some scenarios related to the said activities for them to visualize the future and

for them to understand that we need to take an action to address and find solutions to our

current situation.

We don’t know what will happen in the future but I want everyone to be ready. I want

everyone to be healthy, be resourceful, be aware of our current situations especially food

scarcity.

Chapter IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY

This practicum has been very advantageous for me. I can safely say that my

understanding of the job environment has increased greatly. I can apply this experience to

help the people in our community who are struggling with financial matters. They can

use as an extra income, like in making mushrooms, incubators, etc. Throughout my

practicum, I could understand why we needed to do the application. It is to prepare

ourselves to become a responsible trainee. I’ve encountered a lot of problems during our

practicum. In addition to that, this practicum is a big opportunity for me because it helps

me to learn to my fellow teachers, discipline myself, be patient, and self trust. During our
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APAYAO STATE COLLEGE BS AGRICULTURE 47

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practicum period there was an argument happened between my classmates because some

of them came late. For the advice of everybody we should know our responsibility and be

matured enough. And I also observe everyone’s behavior which I could possibly

encounter to the work in the near future by God’s grace. All this experience is very

important.

CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, after the training we as future agriculturists improved a lot from

this training making us more competent and knowledgeable in our chosen field.

RECOMMENDATION

Struggling to win is the best way to show commitment to your passion because in

every path chosen, obstacles seek are simply painters to the end you seek . 240 hours

of training is not enough to learn everything about agriculture. Here are some

recommendations to become a successful trainee:

1. Use your time wisely and effectively.

2. Committed to work and discipline yourself.

3. Working in good behavior.

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4. Use a respectful tone to your instructor and to your classmates.

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LIST OF LITERATURES CITED

Pacific/PhilippinesAGRICULTURE.html#ixzz6VtPz6hsn

The United States National Library of Medicine, operated by the United States federal

government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is an

institute within the National Institutes of Health.Wikipedia

Access at:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8791215

J Anim Sci. 1996 Jun;74(6):1406-9.doi:10.2527/1996.7461406x.

Access at: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8791215/

Bartleby.com was an electronic text archive, headquartered in Los Angeles and named after

Herman Melville’s story “Bartleby, the Scrivener”. It was founded under the name “Project

Bartleby” in January 1993 as a collection of classic literature on the website of Columbia

University. Wikipedia

Access at: https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Literature-Review -Of-Literarture-About-

Poultry-FJNJUCAQLN6

Course Hero is an American education technology website company based in Redwood City,

California, which operates as an online learning platform for students to access course-specific

study resources . Wikipedia

Access at: https://www.coursehero.com/file/54519873/FINAL-RRL-Autosaved-2 docx/

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Suthar, S. (2010). Vermicompost: An environmentally safe, economically viable and socially

acceptable nutritive fertilizer

Purdue university is a public land- grant research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, and

the flagship campus of the Purdue University system. The University was founded in 1869 after

Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land money to establish a college of science,

technology, and agriculture in his name. Wikipedia

Access at: https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/pdfs/lit-of-hort.pdf

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PHOTO/ DOCUMENTATION

Trainees cleaning the banana sucker Removing growing soft tissues in the

use as a planting material for banana middle.

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Sir Marfel discussed to the class the diseases Preparing for the sterilization process.

that commonly found in the banana.

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Trainees making UMMB Trainees insert big rocks in between the

stair to avoid erosion.

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Trainees inserting a red flag into a stick. Trainees trying to insert a file into the
laptop.
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A photo taken during the operation. Sir Relustian demonstrated to the class

Unfortunattely, we didn’t make it. on how to make an incubator

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This was the first and last photo with our Cleaning the area.

patient taken before the operation.

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Trainees planting tomato. Let’s practice Trainees doing the cultivating. Helping

ourselves in planting healthy plants. The plants to become stronger.

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Soaking dried banana leaves into the Trainees preparing the place for the

river good for 12 hours. mushroom production

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APAYAO STATE COLLEGE BS AGRICULTURE 59

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Transferring the vermicompost Trainees chopping banana trunk for

to the other bed. vermicomposting.

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Putting a rice hull inside the net. Watering the plants to survive from

drought.
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Trainees putting a wire around the stem Collecting of Rice Hull.

of bouigainvilla.
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Spraying the concoction to the plants. Trainees collecting CRH and apply it to the

vegetable plants
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Trainees do the clearing. Trainees planting a banana .

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APPENDICES

Appendix A. Apayao State College History, Vision, Mission, Goals, and Core

Values.

Apayao State College History

The Apayao State College emerged from what was formerly the Conner

Vocational High School (CVHS) which was established by Republic Act No. 4928

sponsored by then Congressman Juan M. Duyan, enacted without executive approval on

June 19, 1967, and entered into Official Gazette, Volume 65, No. 8, Page 1710, in

February 24 of the following year. The vocational high school was under the direct

supervision of the Director of Vocational Education, and upon his recommendation to the

President of the Philippines, a portion of public land within the Municipality of Conner,

as was necessary and as a convenient location, was set aside and reserved for the

establishment of the school site. Congressman Felipe B. Almazan worked for the release

of the sum of one hundred fifty thousand pesos that was authorized to be appropriated,

out of any funds in the National Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the

establishment, operation and maintenance of the CVHS for the first year. The necessary

sums were then on included in the annual General Appropriations Act (GAA).
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The institution opened on July 1, 1971 with five faculty members, four office

personnel and an initial enrolment of twenty-four (24) male students, temporarily housed

at the defunct Municipal Building at Barangay Ripang, Conner, Kalinga-Apayao. The

school site was then transferred in 1974 to Barangay Malama, on a 4.8 hectare site

donated by the Albert Bengan and Gorospe Sabas. The first building was inaugurated on

August 24, 1975 and another building for the Boys Shop was constructed on the

succeeding year.

In 1976, the request of the offering of two-year technical courses was granted, as

the position of School Principal was re-classified to Vocational School Administrator, and

on February 7, 1978, the President of the Philippines approved the changing of the status

and name of the school to Kalinga-Apayao School of Arts and Trades (KASAT). An

adjacent site with an area of 2.27 hectares was purchased in 1982 as an extension site for

the operation of the programs of the school. The land purchase made the school land area

a total of 7.07 hectares.

The school administrator, Dr. Lorenzo J. Tadios, worked for the approval to offer

four-year degree courses, beginning with the offering of Bachelor of Secondary

Education (BSE), and in 1992, with the cooperative efforts of a working force of 66

faculty and staff, KASAT successfully graduated its first batch of Bachelor of Secondary

Education, Major in Technology and Home Economics (BSE-THE). To accommodate

college youth in Apayao, KASAT was extended to Luna in 1993 by annexing the then
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Luna Academy which was acquired through the initiative of the then Congressman Elias

K. Bulut. The following year, with the move for the conversion of Apayao as a separate

province from Kalinga in 1994, Dr. Tadios continued efforts for the conversion of

KASAT to the Apayao Institute of Science and Technology (AIST) to cater more to the

needs of the province and the immediate service areas of the school.

The exemplary leadership of Congressman Elias K. Bulut and Senator Leticia

Ramos-Shahani, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Education, was evidenced in the

approval by President Fidel V. Ramos for the conversion of the Kalinga-Apayao School

of Arts and Trades into the Apayao Institute of Science and Technology through Republic

Act 7853 of House Bill No. 8179 on December 24, 1994.

When Kalinga and Apayao became two separate provinces with the passage of

Republic Act No. 7878 on February 14, 1995, Congressman Elias K. Bulut, Governor

Lawrence Wacnang of Kalinga – Apayao, Beatriz Dongui-is, a representative of the

Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and Municipal Mayors of the Province

witnessed the inauguration of the Apayao Institute of Science and Technology (AIST) on

March 4, 1995.

With the global demand of quality education, the thrust of the national

government on Education For All, and the demand of the community for more relevant

and competitive degree courses, the school superintendent, with the full support of then
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Congressman Elias K. Bulut, drafted a Bill and worked for its passing in congress, for the

elevation of the institution to a state college. As a state college, the institution would be

mandated to offer more degree programs. With the collaborative efforts of the

congressman, the school superintendent, local officials and the college faculty and

administrative staff, the Apayao Institute of Science and Technology was converted into

the Apayao State College (ASC) on February 26, 1998, through Republic Act 8563.

Dr. Lorenzo J. Tadios, who worked for twenty-nine (29) years as school

administrator of the institution, was inaugurated as the first president of the Apayao State

College on February 26, 1999. Dr. Zacarias A. Baluscang, Jr. followed as the second

president of the college for two successive terms from 2003 to 2012 envisioning ASC as

a leading and dynamic institution of higher learning throughout the country. The third

president of the college, Dr. Nieves A. Dacyon, who was installed on December 1, 2012

embarked on the vision of Apayao State College as a biodiversity research and

development centered Higher Education Institution.

On October 23, 2017, Dr. Nelia Zingapan Cauilan, former Vice President for

Research and Development at the Cagayan State University in Tuguegarao City, was

sworn in as the fourth president of the Apayao State College, to fulfil her proposed vision

for the Apayao State College of empowering lives and communities through stewardship

for cultural sensitivity and biodiversity. Building on this vision along the core values of

Life-long learning, Excellence, Achievement, Diversity, Empowerment and engagement,

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Resourcefulness, Innovation and Creativity, and Stewardship, Dr. Nelia Z. Cauilan, with

the LEADERS of the Apayao State College, surge onward to raise ASC’s bar of

performance in 2018 and beyond.

Vision

Empowering lives and communities through stewardship for cultural sensitivity

and biodiversity.

Mission

Apayao State College is committed to provide empowering and holistic

development of citizens by providing quality and innovative instruction, strong research,

responsive community engagement and entrepreneurship in order to prime the

development of Apayao Province, the Cordillera Administrative Region and the country.

Goals

Goal 1: Transformative and Empowering Education.

Goal 2: Increased Capacity and Performance in Research and Innovation.

Goal 3: Create a Significant and Highly Visible Development Impact in the Region.

Goal 4: Generate Additional Resources for Strategic Investment Programs and Initiatives.
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Goal 5: Transparent, Responsive, Unifying, and Empowering Governance.

Core Values

Life – Long Learning

We learn in and outside of the classroom throughout life and in range of

situations.

Excellence

We value intellectual freedom, creative inquiry and intellectual integrity in all

endeavors.

Achievement

We create a supportive climate that celebrates individual and organizational

success.

Diversity

We respect uniqueness of individuals towards the development and

preservation of local culture and Unity.

Empowerment and Engagement

We lead and actively participate in school and community undertakings that

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promote individual and societal needs.

Resourcefulness, Innovation and Creativity

We conduct activities that inform teaching, make evidence-based decisions,

foster innovation and resourcefulness, and enhance discovery that will contribute

to economic prosperity for improved lives.

Stewardship

We are stewards of the human physical resources quality of community,

utility, beauty, and sustainability of cultural diversity and biodiversity.

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Appendix B. ASC Agriculture Department Mandates and Objectives.

MANDATES

The Agriculture Department is committed to the four-fold function of the college

in INSTUCTION, RESEARCH, EXTENSION, and PRODUCTION and to help

accelerate agriculture industry towards the socio-economic upliftment of the people in the

Province of Apayao.

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES:

 To promote undergraduate instruction to different fields of Agriculture sciences.

 To produce technologically informed, skilled and employable graduates in

different Agriculture discipline.

 To generate, verify and package appropriate technologies in production; and

 To provide technological advice and services to local farmers of Apayao and

elsewhere in the upland.

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Appendix C. Curriculum Vitae

CURICULLUM VITAE

ELSA A. DE GUZMAN
San Sebastian, Luna, Apayao
Email address:deguzmanelsa696@gmail.com
Contact No.: 09064950761
09611800429

Summary
 Cattle restraining
 Laboratory animal handling

Personal Profile
Nickname: Eloisa Gender: Female
Birthdate: 06 November 1999 Age: 22
Birthplace: San Sebastian ,Luna, Apayao Nationality: Filipino
Home Address: San Sebastian, Luna, Apayao Civil Status: Single

Educational Background
College Degree
Course/Major: Bachelor of Science in Agriculture major in Crop Science
School attended: Apayao State College
School address: San Isidro Sur, Luna, Apayao
Awards/Achievements:
Date:

High School Diploma

School attended: Tumog National Agricultural And Trade High School
School address: Tumog, Luna, Apayao
Awards/Achievements:
Date: 2009

Elementary
School attended: Catammoyoan Elementary School
School address: San Sebastian, Luna, Apayao
Awards/Achievements:
Date: 2003
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Trainings/Seminars/Workshops Attended
Training Title Date Sponsoring agency
N/A
N/A

Work Experience
Position/Designation:
Date employed:
Nature of work/Accomplishments:

Character References:
Name
Position/Office
Address
Contact no./email address: