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Increasing the number of enzymes will increase the rate of reaction, while decreasing the number of
enzymes will decrease the rate of reaction. This increase in collisions increases the reaction speed. At
first I was very confused as I got odd results and the graphs that I made were not as I expected it to
be. I will first talk about how pH actually affects the enzyme and substrate interaction. Write a
review Update existing review Submit review Cancel It's good to leave some feedback. All I know is
that NaOH and citric acid was used in order to make the pH buffers. (The pH range is from acidic
pH5 to alkaline pH10). Our customer service team will review your report and will be in touch.
?3.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later ?3.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save
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through linkedin Share through facebook Share through pinterest Curlyfreak's Shop 4.33 45 reviews
Not the right resource. Temperature- I will keep the temperature used all the time at 30oC, because if
I do change the temperature then it can affect my whole experiment. When repeating an experiment,
it must be ensured that you keep the constants the same such as volume, time, temperature etc. E.g.
if 10cm3 of Trypsin is used, then other experiments 10cm3 of Trypsin will be used. Enzymes are
proteins and therefore their chemical properties are more or less similar to most proteins. In the graph
of pH 5 the error bars are small this shows that I was very accurate during that part of the practical.
These results prove the first part of my prediction that the more potato discs the faster the reaction
would go, it does not follow the second half of my prediction at all, that the experiment with 12
potato disks would go twice as fast as the experiment with 6 potato disks. Designed for A level
biology OCR A but suitable for other exam boards. Most proteins have these two amino acids next to
each other at some points in their polypeptide chain, and so can be partly digested by Trypsin. But
the Trypsin that I used was a proteolytic enzyme that was extracted from a Bovine pancreas.
Catalase is present in the blood and prevents a build of dangerous peroxide. Our customer service
team will review your report and will be in touch. ?10.50 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for
later ?10.50 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later Last updated 28 May 2021 Share this
Share through email Share through twitter Share through linkedin Share through facebook Share
through pinterest LRose3453's Shop Not the right resource. So we could therefore say for the
enzyme Trypsin that in very low pH's (acidic conditions) the 3-D structure will be affected and so
the group will be COOH, etc. Make sure you use different syringes so there is no coss-contamination
of substances. In order for chemical reactions to happen, reactants need to be in the right place at the
right time, and they need to be very close to each other. The structure of an enzyme’s active site
determines which substrates it is capable of binding to. This is done by heating the water bath to its
desired temperature and placing the different solutions inside. Changes in pH can also affect enzyme
activity, with each enzyme having a specific optimal pH range. I would have to have more time in
order to not rush and so avoid anomalous results. If the temperature is increased beyond the
optimum the enzyme has so much kinetic energy that the bonds holding the enzyme molecule
together start to vibrate and eventually break. Trypsin also specifically catalyses the splitting of
peptide bonds in protein molecules. And I have also tried to add as many pictures as possible
relevant to the topic, as it makes it easier to remember with images rather than just text. This allows
more individual reactions to take place at the same time. This graph also proves my prediction correct
which was that the enzyme Trypsin would not work as good in acidic pH's. In pH7, which is neutral,
the enzyme did not get any hydrogen ions to denature the enzyme, but there were less hydroxyl ions
and so the enzyme could not function as well as it could have In the graph of pH8 you can see that
the % transmission has increased again more higher than pH7, in that graph you can also see that the
error bars are slightly bigger than in pH6 this shows that I have been less accurate than before, as the
error bars have increased.
This is how pH can affect the activity of the enzyme Trypsin: It causes changes in the protein
structure. Trypsin, for example, can begin the digestion of a wide variety of foods, which are rich in
proteins (eggs, pork, chicken, and Soya). The information is well structured and easy to access. I
shall also make sure correct amounts of peroxide is used every time and that the liver is the correct
mass my using measuring scales. Hydrogen peroxide is a corrosive substance so eye protection must
be worn and concentrations of the substance must be kept low so there is not a harmful, extreme
reaction. Time- the time interval never changed it was always at every 30 seconds that I would take
out the reacting solution and place it in the colorimeter. Reviews Select overall rating (no rating)
Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. It changes the binding of the substrate to the
enzyme. Now the pH buffers that I used, now these could have been acidic or alkaline, these could
have been irritant as well as harmful. Write a review Update existing review Submit review Cancel
It's good to leave some feedback. Very useful for revision notes, include diagrams and important
words are highlighted in colour. This resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our
reviews, only customers who have purchased this resource can review it Report this resource to let us
know if it violates our terms and conditions. I will also talk about how substances can increase the %
transmission between the enzyme and the substrate. The pH range I will be using will be from 2.2 to
9. Write a review Update existing review Submit review Cancel It's good to leave some feedback.
Save money by buying the bundle! ?7.00 Reviews Select overall rating (no rating) Your rating is
required to reflect your happiness. This resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our
reviews, only customers who have purchased this resource can review it Report this resource to let us
know if it violates our terms and conditions. These mutations can cause a protein or enzyme to lose
its intended function. My results are reliable enough to conclude that the more potato discs, and
consequently enzymes present, the faster the reaction. I have used the crucial information from the
textbook( OCR A Biology ISBN- 978-0-19-835192-4) to create this resource. This knowledge is
essential for understanding topics such as metabolism, energy production, and the regulation of
cellular processes. Additionally, a deep understanding of enzymes is necessary for the development
of treatments for diseases and conditions related to enzyme activity, such as genetic disorders. The
problem that I found out that I was using the wrong concentrations, I should not have been using
0.5% casein suspension, I found that I should have been using 4% of casein suspension. Write a
review Update existing review Submit review Cancel It's good to leave some feedback. Here is a
diagram to show the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme molecule: The shape of an enzyme
molecule is very important, if the molecule is altered in any way, the enzyme can't combine to its
substrate, therefore the enzyme will not be able to function any more. Also the potato I used could
affect the reaction rates. Health effects-Ingestion: harmful if ingested in large quantities. And I have
also tried to add as many pictures as possible relevant to the topic, as it makes it easier to remember
with images rather than just text. But from pH7 onwards this colour change in the solution doesn't
take place. Also if further pH’s were used after 9 these could be plotted on the graph to summon up
the evidence to draw a firm, sound conclusion on what I have proved.
If substance is swallowed then the casualty’s mouth should be washed out and he or she should be
given a glass or two of water and if the liquid gets in eyes or skin the area affected should be flooded
with water. We did this using a stop-clock and we were able to calculate the rate of reaction. How
accurate was the advance info for OCR and EDEXCEL Importance of enzymes in biology synoptic
essay biology aqa alevel enzymes question A-level Biology enzymes Biology respiration biology 25
mark essay question Synoptic essay biology A level Show 10 more Latest econ undergrad degree job
prospects. The other problem that I encountered was that because I was using a colorimeter, I had to
place approximately 1-2cm3 of my solution that was reacting in covets. And at certain intervals you
can place an amount of the reacting solution into the colorimeter and record the results into a
suitable table. On my graph where there is a certain peak, this peak shows the optimum pH, which is
5. Inhalation may cause pulmonary sensitisation and may cause bronchial spasms in asthma. I believe
that the main reason for these anomalies is: Human error- misread the time, got mixed up with the
syringes therefore inaccurate experiment took place. The cause of these results could be many for
reasons. We then see the solution going clear again, this is when the proteins react again and so the
amino acids that were stuck together separate. Increasing the number of enzymes will increase the
rate of reaction, while decreasing the number of enzymes will decrease the rate of reaction. In
catalysis (breakdown) reactions, the active site of an enzyme can put chemical strains on the bonds
of a molecule causing them to break easily. This graph also proves my prediction correct which was
that the enzyme Trypsin would work good in alkaline pH's and it has, as the % transmission is higher
in an alkaline pH. This resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only
customers who have purchased this resource can review it Report this resource to let us know if it
violates our terms and conditions. See other similar resources ?2.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW
Save for later Not quite what you were looking for. Reviews Select overall rating (no rating) Your
rating is required to reflect your happiness. The pH range I will be using will be from 2.2 to 9. This
resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have
purchased this resource can review it Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and
conditions. Write a review Update existing review Submit review Cancel It's good to leave some
feedback. Safety I will now explain the common hazards that were involved in the reaction that I
did: I used Trypsin solution (this was prepared for me in solution by the school), now the hazards
that were involved were: Main hazards: irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. They can be
used in a range of ways but I have found the students have benefited the most when they carry out
the following steps; 1. This resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only
customers who have purchased this resource can review it Report this resource to let us know if it
violates our terms and conditions. I would change the constants such as volumes of the solutions. So
that a student don’t have to look at different places for different topics coming under Enzymes.
Solutions- I used the right concentration of the solutions each time such as 4% of casein solution
and 0.5% of Trypsin solution. I then found out that having a beaker with water, as a water bath was
very incorrect this is because I then had several different room temperatures. Reviews Select overall
rating (no rating) Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. This means that I will talk about
what enzymes are, how being in certain conditions affects the enzyme itself. So human error could
have taken place, hence the anomalies. I would not have 30 degrees Celsius at the constant
temperature.
See other similar resources ?3.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later Not quite what you
were looking for. This includes all topics in module 2 except experiments and biological molecules.
?9.00 Reviews Select overall rating (no rating) Your rating is required to reflect your happiness.
Explanation of results From my results you will see many things. I believe that the main reason for
these anomalies is: Human error- misread the time, got mixed up with the syringes therefore
inaccurate experiment took place. At extreme pH (meaning very high pH's like pH10 and over, or
very low pH's like at pH1), the bonds, that maintain the tertiary structure- (meaning the active site)-,
are disrupted, and the so enzyme is denatured. Write a review Update existing review Submit review
Cancel It's good to leave some feedback. The cause of these results could be many for reasons. Very
useful for revision notes, include diagrams and important words are highlighted in colour. Health
effects-Ingestion: harmful if ingested in large quantities. Preliminary Work My preliminary plan was:
Preliminary Hypothesis I predict that as the enzyme Trypsin is in pH 8 (this is the optimum pH for
the enzyme Trypsin) the enzyme will be fully active and therefore the % transmission will be high. So
that a student don’t have to look at different places for different topics coming under Enzymes.
Therefore I then decided by myself that an actual water bath would solve my solution. I have two
proteins that are reacting, now when they first react you see the solution clearing; this is when the
proteins have turned to amino acids, as the enzyme has broken big molecules into smaller ones. I
have considered how I shall under go this experiment and therefore summed up the safety measures
that should be in placed to prevent any injury or damage. Enzymes help to lower the activation
energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. See other similar resources ?3.00 (no rating) 0
reviews BUY NOW Save for later Not quite what you were looking for. The problem that I found
out that I was using the wrong concentrations, I should not have been using 0.5% casein suspension,
I found that I should have been using 4% of casein suspension. After the solution clears we then see
the solution getting slightly darker, now this is when the amino acids start to stick together, at this
stage we see the solution getting darker. I would have to have more time in order to not rush and so
avoid anomalous results. So human error could have taken place, hence the anomalies. Enzymes are
particularly sensitive to changes in pH because of the great sensitivity of the active site. I cannot tell
however whether this is due to the inaccuracy of my results or a wrong prediction. I will first talk
about how pH actually affects the enzyme and substrate interaction. Time- I had very little time, and
preparing the whole experiment, meaning getting all the volume right and temperature etc. This
resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have
purchased this resource can review it Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and
conditions. After 5 minutes 12 potato discs gave me 7.7cm? of gas in 5 minutes, this is because when
the potato disks were added the enzymes in them acted as a catalyst to the hydrogen peroxide,
providing active sites to convert the hydrogen peroxide to water. It changes the binding of the
substrate to the enzyme. Without the water baths we could not have six different temperatures and
could not test the effect of temperature on the enzyme, amylase. Where the problems occur medical
attention must be on hand. My coursework, which is on enzymes, will investigate the variable of pH.
Reviews Select overall rating (no rating) Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. We did
this using a stop-clock and we were able to calculate the rate of reaction. This is done by heating the
water bath to its desired temperature and placing the different solutions inside. When repeating an
experiment, it must be ensured that you keep the constants the same such as volume, time,
temperature etc. E.g. if 10cm3 of Trypsin is used, then other experiments 10cm3 of Trypsin will be
used. Join our team of reviewers and help other students learn. Our customer service team will
review your report and will be in touch. ?2.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later ?2.00
(no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later Last updated 27 September 2022 Share this Share
through email Share through twitter Share through linkedin Share through facebook Share through
pinterest Empirical Tuition 4.50 236 reviews Not the right resource. From the graphs you can see that
the higher you go in pH the higher the % transmission becomes. Increasing the temperature increases
the kinetic energy of the enzyme and substrate molecules so that they move faster and are more
likely to collide. This resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only
customers who have purchased this resource can review it Report this resource to let us know if it
violates our terms and conditions. This is then mixed in with student-led activities, as well as
questions and exam prep. So I solved this problem by using a boiling tube by using a boiling tube I
had lots more space for the solution and less chance of spilling. I cannot tell however whether this is
due to the inaccuracy of my results or a wrong prediction. Also from pH7 (neutral) onwards you do
not see this happening as the enzyme is in a favourable environment. Additionally, a deep
understanding of enzymes is necessary for the development of treatments for diseases and conditions
related to enzyme activity, such as genetic disorders. As you know that enzymes are composed of
proteins, these proteins are globular proteins. Bundle AQA A LEVEL Biology notes for
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Detailed notes on the 3.1. section of the NEW 7402 A LEVEL
SPECIFICATION for Biology. Cofactors are non-protein compounds that are required for enzymes
to function. This resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers
who have purchased this resource can review it Report this resource to let us know if it violates our
terms and conditions. But further away from pH 8, (more alkaline or more acidic) it will be less
active; this therefore means that the % transmission will decrease. These mutations can cause a
protein or enzyme to lose its intended function. If substance is swallowed then the casualty’s mouth
should be washed out and he or she should be given a glass or two of water and if the liquid gets in
eyes or skin the area affected should be flooded with water. Our customer service team will review
your report and will be in touch. ?3.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later ?3.00 (no
rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later Last updated 10 April 2021 Share this Share through
email Share through twitter Share through linkedin Share through facebook Share through pinterest
Psychoplans Not the right resource. I believe that the main reason for these anomalies is: Human
error- misread the time, got mixed up with the syringes therefore inaccurate experiment took place.
The evidence I collected, I admit that it would be more reliable if I repeated it again just to make
sure the anomalies are based upon the theory of science and not an error occurring due to any wrong
doings done by myself in the experiment although I was pleased about the achievements I made in
this experiment. Hydrogen peroxide is a corrosive substance so eye protection must be worn and
concentrations of the substance must be kept low so there is not a harmful, extreme reaction. I have
considered how I shall under go this experiment and therefore summed up the safety measures that
should be in placed to prevent any injury or damage. The information for each student in their pairs
is provided as the last slide in the lesson. I would have to have more time in order to not rush and so
avoid anomalous results. Reviews Select overall rating (no rating) Your rating is required to reflect
your happiness. And at certain intervals you can place an amount of the reacting solution into the
colorimeter and record the results into a suitable table.
The higher the temperature the more kentic enegery there will be- too high a temperature can
denature a enzyme. I would change the time interval to say every minute instead of 30 seconds this
can help me avoid anomalies. From the graphs you can see that the higher you go in pH the higher the
% transmission becomes. The set of results in the replicas are similar but not identical, this is due to
sources of error. The time interval- as it was every 30 seconds I had to be very quick. And I have also
tried to add as many pictures as possible relevant to the topic, as it makes it easier to remember with
images rather than just text. So I therefore used a water bath that was set up at 30oC. Actual Fair
Test The experiment that I will do will be a fair test due to the following points below: Volumes- I
will keep the volumes constant, so if the amount of Trypsin used is 10cm3 then it will stay the same.
In this investigation, I am aiming to investigate the effect pH has on the. This increases the chances
of a successful collision - meaning the rate increases. Write a review Update existing review Submit
review Cancel It's good to leave some feedback. Trypsin solution, 0.5%- this is the enzyme that is
used in the reaction. To make sure the measurements were exact I would have had to use equipment
such as a microtome. I will now measure the rate of reaction by measuring the amount of froth; I get
in a standard amount of seconds. The catalase enzyme will help break down hydrogen peroxide into
water and oxygen, this reaction would take place anyway but it would not happen as fast and would
require more energy - the enzyme speeds up the reaction and reduces the required amount of energy.
Reviews Select overall rating (no rating) Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. Now in
pH8 the enzyme did not receive any hydrogen ions and so didn't get denatured, but it received
hydroxyl ions and so it helped the enzyme function better therefore there was an increase in %
transmission and so the solution cleared more. Therefore from this account I can say that the enzyme
Trypsin will work at its best in alkaline conditions, so this means that it will work at its best in pH's
like 8,9,10 etc. The rates per minute at these pH’s did not seem to fit in with the pattern of the rate
speeding up towards an optimum pH then decline and becoming denatured. I predict this because the
enzyme, catalase will work as shown in the graph. The certain time intervals are every 30 seconds. 5)
And the last point is that you have to repeat one experiment 3 times, and repeat the whole
experiment but with different pH values. Labels- this is used to distinguish between the solutions
that were used, I placed labels on the syringes so that I would not get it mixed up with other
syringes, this would help me stop affecting the reaction. Reviews Select overall rating (no rating)
Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. Biology Coursework on Enzymes Name: Brijel
Limbachia Form: 12.92 Teachers: Mr Lotsu and Mrs Stewart Enzymes in General I will first of all
talk about enzymes in general. Because of the unique structure of each enzyme’s active site, most
enzymes can only readily bind to two substrates which “fit” into its active site. Thanks for looking, if
you have any questions please let me know in the comments section and any feedback would be
appreciated:). So we could therefore say for the enzyme Trypsin that in very low pH's (acidic
conditions) the 3-D structure will be affected and so the group will be COOH, etc. This meant that
most of my solution would therefore be used up even though the reaction has not finished. Write a
review Update existing review Submit review Cancel It's good to leave some feedback. Cofactors
can be inorganic ions, such as iron or magnesium, or organic molecules, such as vitamins.
The kentic enegy will cause the molecules to have more free movement and cause more collisions.
See other similar resources ?3.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later Not quite what you
were looking for. Only the right key will fit the lock, only the right enzyme will act on the substrate.
Solutions- I used the right concentration of the solutions each time such as 4% of casein solution
and 0.5% of Trypsin solution. Test tubes and test tube rack- this is used to put the separate solutions
in such as distilled water, Trypsin solution, pH buffer solution, etc. The time interval- as it was every
30 seconds I had to be very quick. Write a review Update existing review Submit review Cancel It's
good to leave some feedback. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. 806 8067
22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1
3XB. Also the potato I used could affect the reaction rates. From all of the graphs you can see that
for all the pH's the results are curves of different kinds. Enzymes work by binding to specific
substrate molecules and bringing them into close proximity with each other. Our customer service
team will review your report and will be in touch. ?3.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for
later ?3.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later Last updated 22 February 2018 Share this
Share through email Share through twitter Share through linkedin Share through facebook Share
through pinterest Curlyfreak's Shop 4.33 45 reviews Not the right resource. From the graphs you can
see that the higher you go in pH the higher the % transmission becomes. See other similar resources
?2.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later Not quite what you were looking for. Also
from pH7 (neutral) onwards you do not see this happening as the enzyme is in a favourable
environment. Write a review Update existing review Submit review Cancel It's good to leave some
feedback. Enzymes can help catalyse reactions that produce structural components of the organisms,
such as cellulose in plants’ cell walls and collagen in animals. This resource hasn't been reviewed yet
To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have purchased this resource can review it
Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. This resource hasn't been
reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have purchased this resource can
review it Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. This is done by
heating the water bath to its desired temperature and placing the different solutions inside.
Preliminary Work My preliminary plan was: Preliminary Hypothesis I predict that as the enzyme
Trypsin is in pH 8 (this is the optimum pH for the enzyme Trypsin) the enzyme will be fully active
and therefore the % transmission will be high. Write a review Update existing review Submit review
Cancel It's good to leave some feedback. My results do help prove that my prediction was correct
overall. After clearing my work area I will fill my water trough with cold water and put one of my
10cm. We chose these temperates because they fall on what we belive to be the optimum
temperature. See other similar resources ?1.90 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later Not
quite what you were looking for. The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of
enzymes present. I predicted that the enzyme would have worked best at a certain pH and the
opposing levels the enzyme would react insufficiently. The pH range I will be using will be from 2.2
to 9. Actual Fair Test The experiment that I will do will be a fair test due to the following points
below: Volumes- I will keep the volumes constant, so if the amount of Trypsin used is 10cm3 then it
will stay the same.