Design of Aqueduct

Input Data
canal data
Full Supply Discharge = 0.9825 cumecs
Full Supply Level = 560.259 m
Canal Bed Level = 559.499 m
Canal Water Depth (D) = 0.76 m
Canal Bed Width (B) = 0.80 m
Rugosity coff for concrete (n) = 0.016
side slope = 1.5 :1
bed slope = 1800
free board = 0.4

Drainage Data
High Flood Discharge (Q) = 18.00 cumecs
High Flood Level = 557.00 m
High Flood Depth = 2.00 m
General Ground Level = 555.00 m

Design of Drainage water way

Lacey`s regime Perimeter (P) = 4.75*(Q1/2)
= 20.15254
Based on perimeter assume clear span width and thickness of peir
and accordingly no. of ways and no. of piers to provide. No. of
piers are one less than no. of ways.
assume
clear span b/w pier = 10 m
thickness of pier = 1.5 m
No. of ways provided = 2
no of piers = 1
water way between abutments (L) = 21.5 m

Deisgn of canal water way

bed width of canal = 0.80 m

let the canal flumed to (B 0) = 0.60 m
Assume
Splay in contraction = 2 :1
splay in expansion = 3 :1

length of contraction transition = 0.2 m

length of expansion transition = 0.3 m
= 21.5 m
length of flummed rectangular portion
of the canal between abutments
In the transitions , the side slopes of the section will be warped from 1.5:1 to
vertical.
Head loss and Bed levels at different sections
At section 4-4
Area of Section (A4) = (B+1.5D)*D
= 1.4744 m2
Velocity (V4) = Q/A
= 0.666373 m/s
Velocity Head = V2/2g
= 0.022633 m
RL of Bed (given) = 559.499 m
RL of Water Surface = 560.259 m
RL of T.E.L. = 560.282 m

At section 3-3
keeping the same water depth thoughout the channel
Area of Section (A3) = B0*D
= 0.456 m2
Velocity (V3) = Q/A
= 2.154605 m/s
Velocity Head = V2/2g
= 0.236612 m
loss of head in expnasion from section 3-3 to 4-4
= 0.3(V32-V42)/2g
= 0.064194
RL of T.E.L. = 560.346 m
RL of Water Surface = 560.109 m
RL of Bed (given) = 559.349 m

At section 2-2

Length of Trough Section = 21.5 m

Area of Trough = 0.456 m2
wetted perimeter = 2.12 m
Hydraulic mean depth = 0.215094 m
velocity in Trough = Q/A
= 2.154605 m/s
Froction loss b/w 2-2 to 3-3 (H L) = (n2*V2*L)/(R4/3)
= 0.198263 m

RL of T.E.L. = 560.544 m
RL of Water Surface = 560.307 m
RL of Bed (given) = 559.547 m

At section 1-1

Loss of head in Contraction transition from 1-1 to 2-2

= 0.2(V32-V42)/2g
= 0.042796

RL of T.E.L. = 560.587 m
RL of Water Surface = 560.564 m
RL of Bed (given) = 559.804 m

Design of Transitions
Contraction transition
By Mitra`s Hyperbolic Transition equation
Bf = 0.60 m
Bn = 0.80 m
length of contaction tansition L f = 0.20 m
x is the distance at which distance u want bed width
Bx = Bn*Bf*Lf/Lf*Bn-x(Bn-Bf)

x= 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2

Bx = 0.6 0.64 0.685714 0.738462 0.8

Expansion transition
By Mitra`s Hyperbolic Transition equation
Bf = 0.60 m
Bn = 0.80 m
length of expansion tansition L f = 0.30 m
Bx = Bn*Bf*Lf/Lf*Bn-x(Bn-Bf)
x= 0 0.05 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Bx = 0.6 0.626087 0.685714 0.72 0.757895 0.8

Design of Trough

The trough will be of 0.6m and wall thickness will be 0.1m. A free board of
0.14m above FSD of 0.76m may be sufficient . Hence the Height of the
Trough will therefore be kept equal to 0.76+0.14=0.9m.

The Entire Section will be constructed in monolithic reinforced concrete &

designed by usual structural methods.
Tentative thickness of walls = 0.1 m
Bottom Slab of Trough = 0.15 m
Clear Width b/w Wall = 0.6 m

1 2 3 4
 1 2 3 4

Canal
0.80 0.60

0.2 21.5 0.3

Contraction Trough Expansion
Tarnsition Tarnsition
1 2 3 4

TEL RL 560.587 560.544 560.346 560.282

Water Surface RL 560.564 560.307 560.109 560.259
Bed Level RL 559.804 559.547 559.349 559.499
 AQUEDUCT TROUGH DESIGN
NAME OF WORK:- PKN

CANAL DATA FOR AQUEDUCT (Vertical section)

1 Discharge 0.9825 cumec 0.9825 cumec 270

2 Bed width 0.80 m 0.60 m

3 water Side slope 1.5 :1 vertical :1

4 F.S.D. 0.76 m 0.76 m

5 Free Board 0.40 m 0.40 m

6 Bed slope 1 in 1800 1 in 1800

7 C.B.L. 559.499 m 559.499 m

200
8 F.S.L. 560.26 m 560.259

9 M.W.D. 1.16 m 1.16 m

10 Span 10.00 m 10000 mm

11 Concrete M- 20 wt. of concrete 25000 kg/m3

scbc 7 m 13 300
12 Steel Inside Out side
sst 150 sst 190

13 Water wt 9800 kg/m3

14 Reinforcement (in wall) Main Vertical 10 mm F @ 90

15 Reinforcement (in Slab) Main 16 mm F @ 110

16 Reinforcement (in wall Beam) Main bottom 20 mm f 6

17 Distribution (in wall Beam) two lgd. Strrirps 8 mm F @ 300

18 Trough Wall thickness 270 mm or 0.27

19 Trough Slab thickness 300 mm or 0.30

pk_nandwana@yahoo,co,in
T TROUGH DESIGN

T (Vertical section)
TBL 960.26 270
600
2x 16 mm F top anchor bar
F.B. 400
10 mm F bars@ 180
F.S.L. 560.259
8 mm 2 ledge stirrups@ 300

8 mm F bars@ 140

10 mm F bars@ 90
FSD 760
16 mm F bars@ 220
16 mm F bars@ 110
Hench 8 mm F bars@ 130
10 mm F bars@ 300

6 x Bars F 20
CBL 559.499 0.12

720

200 200

mm c/c Disty. 8 mm F @ 140 mm c/c

mm c/c Disty. 8 mm F @ 130 mm c/c

Nos. Top anchor 16 mm Nos. 2 Nos.

mm c/c

mtr

mtr
15 115 20 45 33 44 18 40 20 41 20 40 18 40
AQUEDUCT TROUGH DESIGN

NAME OF WORK:- PKN

CANAL DATA FOR QUEDUCT

Discharge 0.9825 cumec 0.9825 cumec
Bed width 0.80 m 0.60 m
water Side slope 1.5 :1 vertical
F.S.D. 0.76 m 0.76 m
Free Board 0.40 m 0.40 m
Bed slope 1800 1800
C.B.L. 559.499 m 559.499 m
F.S.L. 560.26 m 560.259 m
M.W.D. 1.16 m 1.16 m
Span (Proposed) 10.00 m
Nominal Cover 50 mm
Effective cover 40 mm

1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars Concrete M- 20

for water side force
sst = = 150 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/m3
scbc = = 7 N/mm2 wt of water = 9800 N/mm2
m = 13
m*c 13 x 7
k= = = 0.378
m*c+sst 13 x 7 + 150
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.378 / 3 = 0.874
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.87 x 0.378 = 1.155
for out side force
sst = = 190 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/m3
scbc = = 7 N/mm2 wt of water = 9800 N/mm2
m = 13
m*c 13 x 7
k= = = 0.324
m*c+sst 13 x 7 + 190
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.324 / 3 = 0.892
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.892 x 0.324 = 1.011

2 DESIGN OF VERTICAL WALL:-

The trough wall is to be designed as a beam having a span of = 10.00 m
between supports Hence thickness should be equal to span/28
span 10.00 x 1000
= = 360 mm say
28 28
Max.depth of water = 1.16 m span = 10.00 m
wh3 9800 x 1.16 3
B.M. = = = 2549
6 6
BM 2549 x 1000
Effective depth required = = = 47
Rxb 1.16 x 1000
 Providing thickness "D"= 360 mm cover = 50 mm, Effective depth =

Steel required
BMx1000 2549 x 1000
Ast = = = 61 mm2
sst x j x D 150 x 0.892 x 310
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10
using 10 mm bars = A = =
4 x 100 4
spacing =A/Ast = 78.50 x 1000 / 61.46 = 1277 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm bars @ 1270 mm c/c half the bars will be curtailed at
minimum steel to be provided for 0.1 ( 36 - 10 )
= 0.3 - =
distribution 45 - 10

0.23 x 360
Area of distribution steel required = 0.23 % of x section area =
100
813
Steel of Each face = = 406 mm2
2
using 8 mm bars A = 3.14xdia2 = 3.14 x 8
4 x100 4
spacing =A/Ast = 50.24 x 1000 / 406.29 = 123.657 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm bars @ 120 mm c/c Each face

3 Design of Horizontal slabe :-

The trough slab having a span of of = 0.60 m
between walls Hence thickness should be equal to span/20
span 0.60 x 1000
= = 30 mm say
20 20
Adopt effective thickness of slab "T" = 100 mm cover = 50 mm Total thickness
Effective span of slab = BW+ depth = 0.6 + 0.36
Loading
Load of water column = mwd x 9800 = 1.16 x 9800 = 11368
Wt of slab = wt of concrete x area of slab = 25000 x 1.00 x 0.1 = 2500
per meter length 13868
wH2 9800 x 1.16 x 1.16
Total water pressure on vertical wall= = = 6593
2 2
1.2 0.3
\ Fixing moment at end of slab = 6593 x +
3 2

WL2 13868 x 0.96 x 0.96

Max. possible segging moment = = = 1598
8 8
Net B.M. at center of span of slab= = 1598 - 3538 = -1941 kg-m The slab is design for this B
Since tension face is out side s st = 190 J= 0.892 , R
BM -1941 x 1000
Effective depth required = = = 43.813 mm
Rxb 1.011 x 1000
Provided Effective depth 44 mm cover = 50 mm providing thickness

Steel required
-1940.89 x 1000
Ast = BMx100/sstxjxD= = -261 mm2
 Ast = BMx100/sstxjxD= = -261 mm2
190 x 0.89 x 44
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16
using 16 mm bars = A = =
4 x 100 4
spacing =A/Ast = 201 x 1000 / -261 = -768.877 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm bars @ -760 mm c/c
3538 x 1000
Area of steel required at end (Near support) = = 616
150 x 0.874 x 44
This is < than half the steel provided at the center of span,However,
half the bars from the center of the span may be bent up at L/2 meter from supports.
Let us check whether this bending of half bars satisfies the enchorage and devlopments envisaged in
equation M1/V + Lo > Ld
1 1000 x 201
Where M1= Ast x sst x j x d= x x 190 x 0.892
2 -760
= -0.98 x 10'6 N-mm
13868 x 0.96
V = shear force at the ends = = 6657 N
2
ls ls
Lo = - x' - 3F + 16 F = - x'
2 2
Where Ls = Length of support = 360 mm and x' = side cover =

M1 -0.98 x 10'6 360

+ Lo = + - 50 + 13
V 6657 2

F sst F x 150
Ld = = = 46.88 F
4 t bd 4 x 0.8
= 46.88 x 16 = 750 mm
or 191 < 750 Thus the requirement is not satisfied
minimum steel to be provided for 0.1 ( 94 - 100 )
= 0.3 - =
distribution 450 - 100
0.30 x 94
Area of distribution steel required = 0.30 % of x section area =
100
283
Steel of Each face = = 142 mm2
2
using 8 mm bars A = 3.14xdia2 = 3.14 x 8
4 4
spacing =A/Ast = 50.24 x 1000 / 141.55 = 355 cm
Hence Provided 8 mm bars @ 350 cm c/c Each face

4 Design of side wall as Beam :-

live load from slab = total load on slab x bw / 2 = 13868 x 0.6 / 2
Self load = mwd x thick. x wt = 1.16 x 0.36 x 25000
Total Load
WL2 14600 x 10.00 x 10.00
Max. possible segging moment= = = 182505
8 8
using sst = 190 N/mm2 k= 0.324 J = 0.892
BM 182505x 1000
Effective depth required = = = 708
Rxb 1.011 x 360
 Actual depth '= 1.16 + 0.10 = 1.26 or 1260 mm
But providing thickness = 1260 mm - (2 x cover = 80 )= 1180
Steel required
182505.0 x 1000
Ast = BMx100/sstxjxD= = 913 mm2
190 x 0.892 x 1180
using 20 mm bars A = 3.14xdia2 = 3.14 x 20
4 x100 4
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A = 913 / 314 = 2.91 say
Hence Provided 3 bars of 20 mm F at Bottom
3 x 314
% of steel provided = x 100 = 0.22 %
360 x 1180
span
total load x 14600 x 10.0
Shear force = = = 73002
2 2
Shear stress shea force 73002.0
= = = 0.17
Beam Ht. x Beam Dt. 360 x 1180
Permissible shear stress for 0.22 % steel provided tc = 0.2 N/mm2
Shear reinforcenment required if TV < Tc Hence shear reinforcement not required
Vc = shear resistance of concrete = tc.b.d = 0.20 x 1180 x 360 = 84960
Vs = V - Vc = 73002 - 84960 = -11958 N
Spacing of strirrups is sst .d.Asv 190 x 1180
Sv = = Asv
given by Vs -11958
While maximum permissible 2.175 x fy x Asy 2.175 x 415
< <
spacing of shear stirip is B 360
Hence Sv = 2.51 Asv
Hence using 8 mm dia 2 Legged stirrups A = 100.5 mm2
Sv = 2.51 x 100.5 = 252 mm subject to a max.
Hence provideed 8 mm Dia 2 legged shear stirrus @ 300
Provide2 x 12 mm F hoilding bars at the top.
 16 34 16 34 26

for water side force

K = 0.378

J = 0.874
R = 1.155

for out side force

K = 0.324

J = 0.892
R = 1.011

360 mm

2549463
2549 N-m
n-mm
47 mm
tive depth = 310 mm

x 10
= 78.5 mm2

0.78 m from base

0.23 %

x 1000
= 813 mm2
100

x 8
= 50.2 mm2

100 mm

Total thickness = 150 mm

= 0.96 m

11368 N
2500 N
13868 N
6593

= 3538 N-m

1598 N-m

e slab is design for this B.M.

= 1.011

iding thickness = 94 mm
 x 16
= 201 mm2

616 mm2

meter from supports.

x 44

+ 13 F

50 mm

x 16 = 190.5 mm

See table Concrete

3.4 M 20

s not satisfied

0.30 %

x 1000
= 283 mm2
100

x 8
= 50.2 mm2

= 4160 kg-m
= 10440 kg-m
= 14600 kg-m

182505 Kg-m

R = 1.011

mm
 mm

x 20
= 314 mm2
= 3 No.

73002 kg.

0.17 N/mm2
(See Table 3.1)
t not required
84960 N

= -18.75 Asv

x Asv
< 2.51 Asv

bject to a max. = 300 mm

mm c/c
NAME OF WORK:- PKN

270 TBL 758.58 270

5000
2x 16 mm F top anchor bar
F.B. 500
10 mm F bars@ 180
F.S.L. 258.58
8 mm 2 ledge stirrups@ 300

8 mm F bars@ 140

10 mm F bars@ 90
FSD 2000
16 mm F bars@ 220
16 mm F bars@ 110
8 mm F bars@ 130
10 mm F bars@ 300
200

6 x Bars F 20
CBL 256.58 1.00

720
300

200 200
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 Table 3.1. Permissible sh
Table 1.15. PERMISSIBLE DIRECT TENSILE STRESS
100As
Grade of co M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 bd
Tensile < 0.15
stress 1.2 2.0 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4
N/mm2 0.25
0.50
Table 1.16.. Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000) 0.75
Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for 1.00
Grade of plain bars in tension (N/mm2) 1.25
concrete
Bending acbc Direct (acc)
(N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2 1.50
M 10 3.0 300 2.5 250 -- -- 1.75
M 15 5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60 2.00
M 20 7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80 2.25
M 25 8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90 2.50
M 30 10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100 2.75
M 35 11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110 3.00 and above
M 40 13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
M 45 14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
M 50 16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140
Over all depth of slab
k
Table 1.18. MODULAR RATIO
Grade of co M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Modular ra 31 19 13 11 9 8 7 Table 3.3. Maximum s
(31.11) (18.67) (13.33) (10.98) (9.33) (8.11) (7.18) Grade of concrete
tc.max
Table 2.1. VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Table 3.4. Perm
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 Grade of concrete M
scbc N/mm 2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13 tbd (N / mm2)
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
k 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst = c Table 3.5. D
140 jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254 Grade of
(Fe 250) 0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857 concrete
Pc (%)
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 M 15
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 M 20
190
N/mm2 Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903 M 25
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127 M 30
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 M 35
(c ) sst =
230 jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 M 40
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698 M 45
(Fe 415) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816 M 50
Pc (%)
Shear stress tc Reiforcement %
100As 100As
M-20 M-20
bd bd
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25
0.5 0.30
0.51 0.30
0.52 0.30
0.53 0.30
0.54 0.30
0.55 0.31
0.56 0.31
0.57 0.31
0.58 0.31
0.59 0.31
0.6 0.32
0.61 0.32
0.62 0.32
0.63 0.32
0.64 0.32
0.65 0.33
0.66 0.33
0.67 0.33
0.68 0.33
0.69 0.33
0.7 0.34
0.71 0.34
0.72 0.34
0.73 0.34
0.74 0.34
0.75 0.35
0.76 0.35
0.77 0.35
0.78 0.35
0.79 0.35
0.8 0.35
0.81 0.35
0.82 0.36
0.83 0.36
0.84 0.36
0.85 0.36
0.86 0.36
0.87 0.36
0.88 0.37
0.89 0.37
0.9 0.37
0.91 0.37
0.92 0.37
0.93 0.37
0.94 0.38
0.95 0.38
0.96 0.38
0.97 0.38
0.98 0.38
0.99 0.38
1.00 0.39
1.01 0.39
1.02 0.39
1.03 0.39
1.04 0.39
1.05 0.39
1.06 0.39
1.07 0.39
1.08 0.4
1.09 0.4
1.10 0.4
1.11 0.4
1.12 0.4
1.13 0.4
1.14 0.4
1.15 0.4
1.16 0.41
1.17 0.41
1.18 0.41
1.19 0.41
1.20 0.41
1.21 0.41
1.22 0.41
1.23 0.41
1.24 0.41
1.25 0.42
1.26 0.42
1.27 0.42
1.28 0.42
1.29 0.42
1.30 0.42
1.31 0.42
1.32 0.42
1.33 0.43
1.34 0.43
1.35 0.43
1.36 0.43
1.37 0.43
1.38 0.43
1.39 0.43
1.40 0.43
1.41 0.44
1.42 0.44
1.43 0.44
1.44 0.44
1.45 0.44
1.46 0.44
1.47 0.44
1.48 0.44
1.49 0.44
1.50 0.45
1.51 0.45
1.52 0.45
1.53 0.45
1.54 0.45
1.55 0.45
1.56 0.45
1.57 0.45
1.58 0.45
1.59 0.45
1.60 0.45
1.61 0.45
1.62 0.45
1.63 0.46
1.64 0.46
1.65 0.46
1.66 0.46
1.67 0.46
1.68 0.46
1.69 0.46
1.70 0.46
1.71 0.46
1.72 0.46
1.73 0.46
1.74 0.46
1.75 0.47
1.76 0.47
1.77 0.47
1.78 0.47
1.79 0.47
1.80 0.47
1.81 0.47
1.82 0.47
1.83 0.47
1.84 0.47
1.85 0.47
1.86 0.47
1.87 0.47
1.88 0.48
1.89 0.48
1.90 0.48
1.91 0.48
1.92 0.48
1.93 0.48
1.94 0.48
1.95 0.48
1.96 0.48
1.97 0.48
1.98 0.48
1.99 0.48
2.00 0.49
2.01 0.49
2.02 0.49
2.03 0.49
2.04 0.49
2.05 0.49
2.06 0.49
2.07 0.49
2.08 0.49
2.09 0.49
2.10 0.49
2.11 0.49
2.12 0.49
2.13 0.50
2.14 0.50
2.15 0.50
2.16 0.50
2.17 0.50
2.18 0.50
2.19 0.50
2.20 0.50
2.21 0.50
2.22 0.50
2.23 0.50
2.24 0.50
2.25 0.51
2.26 0.51
2.27 0.51
2.28 0.51
2.29 0.51
2.30 0.51
2.31 0.51
2.32 0.51
2.33 0.51
2.34 0.51
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51
2.39 0.51
2.40 0.51
2.41 0.51
2.42 0.51
2.43 0.51
2.44 0.51
2.45 0.51
2.46 0.51
2.47 0.51
2.48 0.51
2.49 0.51
2.50 0.51
2.51 0.51
2.52 0.51
2.53 0.51
2.54 0.51
2.55 0.51
2.56 0.51
2.57 0.51
2.58 0.51
2.59 0.51
2.60 0.51
2.61 0.51
2.62 0.51
2.63 0.51
2.64 0.51
2.65 0.51
2.66 0.51
2.67 0.51
2.68 0.51
2.69 0.51
2.70 0.51
2.71 0.51
2.72 0.51
2.73 0.51
2.74 0.51
2.75 0.51
2.76 0.51
2.77 0.51
2.78 0.51
2.79 0.51
2.80 0.51
2.81 0.51
2.82 0.51
2.83 0.51
2.84 0.51
2.85 0.51
2.86 0.51
2.87 0.51
2.88 0.51
2.89 0.51
2.90 0.51
2.91 0.51
2.92 0.51
2.93 0.51
2.94 0.51
2.95 0.51
2.96 0.51
2.97 0.51
2.98 0.51
2.99 0.51
3.00 0.51
3.01 0.51
3.02 0.51
3.03 0.51
3.04 0.51
3.05 0.51
3.06 0.51
3.07 0.51
3.08 0.51
3.09 0.51
3.10 0.51
3.11 0.51
3.12 0.51
3.13 0.51
3.14 0.51
3.15 0.51
Table 3.1. Permissible shear stress Table tc in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tc N/mm2
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
< 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

Table 3.2. Facor k

Over all depth of slab 300 or more 275 250 225 200 175 150 or less
k 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30

Table 3.3. Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5

Table 3.4. Permissible Bond stress Table tbd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
-- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Table 3.5. Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars
tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F
0.6 58 0.96 60
0.8 44 1.28 45
0.9 39 1.44 40
1 35 1.6 36
1.1 32 1.76 33
1.2 29 1.92 30
1.3 27 2.08 28
1.4 25 2.24 26