CHAPTER

NO CONTENT PAGE NO

1. ABSTRACT

1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

2.3 ABOUT SOFTWARE

3. SYSTEM STUDY

3.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4. SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM

4.2 TABLE

5. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 CODING

5.2 SCREEN SHOTS

6. SYSTEM TESTING

7. CONCLUSION

8. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 COMPUTER LAB MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ABSTRACT

The Computer Lab Management System (CLMS) is a comprehensive software solution designed
to address the challenges associated with overseeing and optimizing the usage of computer labs
within educational institutions. The CLMS efficiently allocates computer resources based on user
requirements, class schedules, and priority levels. It minimizes downtime by ensuring that
workstations are available when needed and optimally distributing the workload across the lab.
The system implements secure user authentication mechanisms to control access to the lab. It
supports user roles, allowing administrators, instructors, and students to have appropriate levels
of access and privileges. To streamline lab usage, the CLMS incorporates a reservation system
that enables users to book computer stations in advance. This feature ensures that resources are
allocated according to the planned schedule, reducing conflicts and wait times. Real-time
monitoring capabilities provide administrators with insights into lab usage, system health, and
potential issues. Detailed reports offer a comprehensive overview of resource utilization, helping
institutions make informed decisions about infrastructure and future investments. Computer Lab
Management System aims to create a user-friendly, efficient, and secure environment for
computer lab users while providing administrators with the tools needed to manage resources
effectively. The system's adaptability makes it a valuable asset for educational institutions
seeking to enhance the overall learning experience in technology-enabled environments.

1.1 INTRODUCTION
The Computer Laboratory Management System will be an automated software component
that would be utilized in keeping records of collected data in a medical research laboratory
within hospitals and major health centers in a community. It is an automated system that will
entail data records of patients requiring health care services from the laboratory, as well as
details of laboratory staff members including their time scheduling in carrying out their
duties at work. This software system will aim at creating advancement in manual keeping of
clinical data records.
The software system should have the capability of storing records for patients seeking
services within the laboratory staff within the clinic as well as a database that can store data
for future use. This database should also be capable of both sending and receiving data by to
other systems, i.e. those of other consulting clinics, through synchronization along client-
server network architecture. A Laboratory Management System is an automated software
system that is capable of processing detailed medical reports. It is an online – web based
application that is capable of archiving records of data. In some medical clinics, a manual
system has always been used to store and archive these records, hence leading to the
vulnerability of losing these records. The aim of the project is to create a system that
automatically archives patient’s records and to ease the effort of searching for these records.
The aim of Search Medical Laboratories Limited as a medical organization is to provide
health services to the public by carrying out medical tests to the patients that are within their
clientele whom may require their services. For the organization to implement management
policies efficiently, a well detailed system is required to book keep their records. The
manual system requires a patient to fill in a request form, and queue before a laboratory staff
member attends to the prior. This proves to be both time consuming to both patients and
staff. If the Computer Laboratory Management System is launched in the medical clinic: It
would fasten the request for service by patients. It would reduce costs e.g. printing of
stationary and letter-heads. Removes the issue of missing, because all records are stored in
the system.
The Computer Laboratory Management System was developed using the Waterfall model.
This is because this particular model allows an algorithmic evaluation and development of a
software system. This project undergoes thorough testing at every phase of the development,
hence reduces errors at the end of each phase. The System Analysis specifies system
requirement specifications that describe the functionalities of the system. Functional
specifications describe functions of the system. The user of the system must be a staff
member who has been registered as a user by an administrator of the system. A system
administrator is a user who has all access levels of the system, and is capable of
creating/adding a system user. To login to the system, the user has to enter the user login ID
and password in their respective text fields. The login ID and password are then verified
once the Enter button is clicked, if both are valid, the user is granted access to the system
homepage. If both inputs are invalid, an error message (i.e. “Login Unknown” or “Invalid
Login”) is displayed. The Report tag displays the reports page which is an interface that
gives you a summary of medical reports generated from the medical records in the system.
These reports are classified into four categories.
Documenting the assembly, maintenance use and troubleshooting of a system as complex as
a voting system is a difficult task .A single system might combine proprietary hardware,
custom operating systems and software, commodity personal computers, and pen and paper.
Describing these highly varied components is one function of voting system
documentation .But it is not only voting system technology that is heterogeneous; so are
voting systems users, and the environments in which the systems are used. Election officials,
poll workers, and voters often need guidance from documents in order to administer or use a
voting system. In addition, voting system certification—the process by which a system is
approved for use in state demands evidence that a voting system complies with one or more
sets of standards or guidelines. Documentation provides the details that certification bodies
need to evaluate the System. Taken as a whole, voting system documentation must explain
the system in several ways to meet the needs of these multiple audiences.
 1.2 SYSTEM REQURIMENTS
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

Server Side Programming : PHP.

Middleware Programming : JAVASCRIPT

Operating System : Windows 7.

Web Server : Internet Information Server

Client Script : HTML, CSS and Java Script

Database : SQL-Server 2008

HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

Processor : Intel Pentium IV Dual Core 2.8 GHz

Hard Disk : 160 GB

Monitor : LG 17” Colour Monitor

RAM : 2 GB

Keyboard : 104 Keys Multimedia Keyboard

Mouse : Logitech Optical Mouse

CD – ROM : 52X CD-ROM.

 2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
EXISTING SYSTEM
A Computer Lab Management System (CLMS) is designed to efficiently manage and organize
activities in a computer laboratory. The system typically includes features that help in resource
allocation, user management, monitoring, and maintenance of computer systems within a lab
environment. Implement security measures to protect against unauthorized access. Log and audit
user activities for accountability. Allow users to reserve computer systems for a specified time.
Automated booking system to prevent conflicts. When implementing or evaluating an existing
system, it's essential to consider the specific needs and constraints of your institution or
organization. It's also crucial to ensure that the system complies with data privacy and security
regulations. Check for user-friendly interfaces and scalability to accommodate future growth in
users or technology updates.

DISADVANTAGE OF EXISTING SYSTEM

 This includes the initial setup costs for software and hardware, as well as ongoing
maintenance expenses. Small institutions or those with limited budgets may find it
challenging to afford the necessary infrastructure.
 It often requires trained personnel to handle the setup, configuration, and troubleshooting
of both hardware and software components.
 Software glitches, hardware failures, or compatibility problems with different devices can
disrupt the smooth functioning of the system.
 Running a computer lab management system can be resource-intensive, requiring a
significant amount of computing power, memory, and storage.
 Some computer lab management systems may have limitations in terms of customization.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
A "Computer Lab Management System" aims to streamline and optimize the utilization of
computer labs in an educational or organizational setting. The primary goal is to efficiently
manage resources, enhance security, and provide a user-friendly experience for both
administrators and lab users. Efficiently allocate and manage computer resources within the lab.
Ensure optimal usage of computers and peripherals by tracking usage patterns. Minimize
downtime by scheduling maintenance during non-peak hours. Implement a secure login system
for users to access the computer lab. Manage user authentication to prevent unauthorized access.
Differentiate between students, faculty, and staff roles with varying access levels. Implement
alerts for system administrators in case of hardware failures or security breaches. Monitor
computer usage to identify potential issues or inappropriate activities. Facilitate easy rollback of
changes in case of issues arising from software updates. Ensure compatibility with other systems
such as learning management systems. Design the system to accommodate future growth in the
number of users and computers. Implement a system for reporting and tracking technical issues.
PROPOSED SYSTEM

A Computer Lab Management System (CLMS) is a comprehensive solution designed to

streamline and enhance the management of computer labs in educational institutions or other
organizations.
Implement a secure login system for both administrators and users. Control access based on user
roles to ensure the security and integrity of the system. Provide a user-friendly interface for users
to check lab availability and reserve computer stations. Set rules for reservation duration,
advance booking, and maximum consecutive reservations. Integrate a system for users to check
in and check out upon entering and leaving the lab. Develop a mobile app or ensure a responsive
web design for accessibility on various devices.

ADVANTAGE OF PROPOSEDSYSTEM

 CLMS helps in optimizing the use of computers and other resources in the lab by
efficiently scheduling and managing reservations.
 Automated shutdown and start up features can help in saving energy by ensuring that
computers are only active when needed.
 CLMS can implement user authentication and access control mechanisms, ensuring that
only authorized users can access the computer lab resources.
 Centralized software deployment and updates can be managed remotely, ensuring
consistency and security across all lab machines.
 It allows monitoring the performance of computers in real-time, helping to identify and
address issues promptly.
ABOUT SOFTWARE

PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a
general-purpose programming language. Originally created by Rasmus Leadoff in 1994, the PHP
reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Group. PHP originally stood for
Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive backronym PHP: Hypertext Pre-
processor. PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with
various web template systems, web content management system and web frameworks. PHP code
is usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module in the web server or as a
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web server combines the results of the
interpreted and executed PHP code, which may be any type of data, including images, with the
generated web page. PHP code may also be executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and
can be used to implement standalone graphical applications. The standard PHP interpreter,
powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under the PHP License. PHP has been
widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on almost every operating system and
platform, free of charge.The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or
standard until 2014, leaving the canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014
work has gone on to create a formal PHP specification PHP started out as a small open source
project that evolved as more and more people found out how useful it was. Rasmus Leadoff
unleashed the first version of PHP way back in 1994.

 PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor".

PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage
dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire ecommerce sites.

It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL,Oracle,

Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.
PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an Apache module on the
Unix side. The MySQL server, once started, executes even very complex queries with huge
result sets in record setting time.

PHP supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and LDAP. PHP4 added
support for Java and distributed object architectures (COM and CORBA), making n-tier
development a possibility for the first time.

PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving as possible.

PHP Syntax is C-like

Environment Setup:

In order to develop and run PHP Web pages, three vital components need to be installed on your
computer system.

WebServer-PHP will work with virtually all Web Server software, including Microsoft's
Internet Information Server (IIS) but then most often used is freely available Apache Server.
Download Apache for free here: http://httpd.apache.org/download.cg

Database-PHP will work with virtually all database software, including Oracle and Sybase but
most commonly used is freely available MySQL database. Download MySQL for free here:
http://www.mysql.com/downloads/index.html

PHP Parser-In order to process PHP script instructions, a parser must be installed to generate
HTML output that can be sent to the Web Browser. This tutorial will guide you how to install
PHP parser on your computer.

The PHP interpreter only executes PHP code within its delimiters. Anything outside its
delimiters is not processed by PHP, although non-PHP text is still subject to control structures
described in PHP code. The most common delimiters are <?php to open and ?> to close PHP
sections. The shortened form <? also exists. This short delimiter makes script files less portable,
since support for them can be disabled in the local PHP configuration and it is therefore
discouraged. However, there is no recommendation against the use of the echo short tag <?=.
Prior to PHP 5.4.0, this short syntax for echo() only works with the short_open_tag configuration
setting enabled, while for PHP 5.4.0 and later it is always available. An opcode cache, Zend
Opcache, is built into PHP since version 5.5.Another example of a widely used opcode cache is
the Alternative PHP Cache (APC), which is available as a PECL extension.While Zend PHP is
still the most popular implementation, several other implementations have been developed. Some
of these are compilers or support JIT compilation, and hence offer performance benefits over
Zend PHP at the expense of lacking full PHP compatibility. Alternative implementations include
the following:

 HipHop Virtual Machine (HHVM) – developed at Facebook and available as open

source, it converts PHP code into a high-level bytecode (commonly known as an
intermediate language), which is then translated into x86-64 machine code dynamically at
runtime by a just-in-time (JIT) compiler, resulting in up to 6× performance
improvements.[117]
 Parrot – a virtual machine designed to run dynamic languages efficiently; Pipp transforms
the PHP source code into the Parrot intermediate representation, which is then translated
into the Parrot's bytecode and executed by the virtual machine.
 Phalanger – compiles PHP into Common Intermediate Language (CIL) bytecode
 HipHop – developed at Facebook and available as open source, it transforms the PHP
scripts into C++ code and then compiles the resulting code, reducing the server load up to
50%. In early 2013, Facebook deprecated it in favor of HHVM due to multiple reasons,
including deployment difficulties and lack of support for the whole PHP language,
including the create_function() and eval() constructs.

JAVA SCRIPT

A scripting language developed by Netscape to enable Web authors to design interactive sites.
Although it shares many of the features and structures of the full Java language, it was developed
independently. JavaScript can interact with HTML source code, enabling Web authors to spice
up their sites with dynamic content. JavaScript is endorsed by a number of software companies
and is an open language that anyone can use without purchasing a license. It is supported by
recent browsers from Netscape and Microsoft, though Internet Explorer supports only a subset,
which Microsoft calls Jscript

What is JavaScript

•It is a programming language.

•It is an interpreted language.

•It is object-based programming.

•It is widely used and supported

•It is accessible to the beginner

Uses of JavaScript

•Use it to add multimedia elements With JavaScript you can show, hide, change, resize images,
and create image rollovers. You can create scrolling text across the status bar.

•Create pages dynamically Based on the user's choices, the date, or other external data,
JavaScript can produce pages that are customized to the user.

•Interact with the user It can do some processing of forms and can validate user input when the
user submits the form.

Writing JavaScript

JavaScript code is typically embedded in the HTML, to be interpreted and

run by the client's browser. Here are some tips to remember when writing

JavaScript commands.

•JavaScript code is case sensitive

•White space between words and tabs are ignored

•Line breaks are ignored except within a statement

•JavaScript statements end with a semi- colon ;

Implementing JavaScript

There are three ways to add JavaScript commands to your Web Pages.

•Embedding code

•Inline code

•External file

External File

You can use the SRC attribute of the <SCRIPT> tag to call JavaScript code from an external text
file. This is useful if you have a lot of code or you want to run it from several pages, because any
number of pages can call the same external JavaScript file. The text file itself contains no HTML
tags. It is call by the following tag:

Variable Names

There are rules and conventions in naming variables in any programming language. It is good
practice to use descriptive names for variables. The following are the JavaScript rules:

•The variable name must start with a letter or an underscore. firstName or _myName

•You can use numbers in a variable name, but not as the first character.

name01 or tuition$

•You can't use space to separate characters. userName not user Name

•Capitalize the first letter of every word except the first salesTax or userFirstName.

XAMPP

XAMPP is an open-source web server package that works on various platforms. It is actually an
acronym with X meaning “cross” platform, A for Apache HTTP server, M for MySQL, P for
PHP, and P for Perl. XAMPP was designed to help webpage developers, programmers, and
designers check and review their work using their computers even without connection to the web
or internet. So, basically XAMPP may be used to stand as pages for the internet even without
connection to it. It can also be used to create and configure with databases written in MySQL
and/or SQLite. And since XAMPP is designed as a cross-platform server package, it is available
for a variety of operating systems and platforms like Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and
Solaris.To use XAMPP, only one zip, exe or tar file is needed. Users just need to download
this file and run the application. There is also not much configuration and tinkering to be done in
terms of settings and its components. The XAMPP package is also updated on a regular basis to
synchronize with the updates made on the different platforms involved in the package like
Apache, PHP, Perl, and MySQL.
Aside from being cross-platform, XAMPP is also a freeware. This means users on different
operating systems can download this server package free of charge. Not to mention that there is
no configuration necessary to setup the system. After downloading and extracting the free
application, users can immediately use XAMPP. Users also do not have to worry on removing
the application. If XAMPP is not needed by the user anymore, removing it should not present
any problem. One just needs to delete the XAMPP directory and all the files concerning this
server package will be deleted. Or if XAMPP was installed using the Windows installer version,
one just needs to go to the “uninstall” feature of the operating system to get rid of the server
package.

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a
document written in a markup language. Although most often used to set the visual style of web
pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to
any XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL, and is applicable to rendering
in speech, or on other media. Along with HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone
technology used by most websites to create visually engaging webpages, user interfaces for web
applications, and user interfaces for many mobile applications.

 CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document
presentation, including aspects such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can
improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of
 presentation characteristics, enable multiple HTML pages to share formatting by specifying
the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural
content.
 This separation of formatting and content makes it possible to present the same markup page
in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when
read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and onBraille-based, tactile devices. It
can also be used to display the web page differently depending on the screen size or device
on which it is being viewed. Readers can also specify a different style sheet, such as a CSS
file stored on their own computer, to override the one the author has specified.

 Changes to the graphic design of a document (or hundreds of documents) can be applied
quickly and easily, by editing a few lines in the CSS file they use, rather than by changing
markup in the documents.
 The CSS specification describes a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if
more than one rule matches against a particular element. In this so-called cascade,
priorities (or weights) are calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are
predictable.

APACHE

Apache is the most popular Web server software. It enables a computer to host one or
more websites that can be accessed over the Internet using a Web browser. The first version of
Apache was released in 1995 by the Apache Group. In 1999, the Apache Group became the
Apache Software Foundation, a non-profit organization that currently maintains the development
of the Apache Web server software.
Apache's popularity in the Web hosting market is largely because it is open source and free to
use. Therefore, Web hosting companies can offer Apache-based Web hosting solutions at
minimal costs. Other server software, such as Windows Server, requires a commercial license.
Apache also supports multiple platforms, including Linux, Windows, and Macintosh operating
systems. Since many Linux distributions are also open-source, the Linux/Apache combination
has become the most popular Web hosting configuration.
Apache can host static websites, as well as dynamic websites that use server-side scripting
languages, such as PHP, Python, or Perl. Support for these and other languages is implemented
through modules, or installation packages that are added to the standard Apache installation.
Apache also supports other modules, which offer advanced security options, file management
tools, and other features. Most Apache installations include a URL rewriting module called
"mod_rewrite," which has become a common way for webmasters to create custom URLs.
While the Apache Web server software is commonly referred to as just "Apache," it is
technically called "Apache HTTP Server," since the software serves webpages over the
HTTP protocol. When Apache is running, its process name is "httpd," which is short for "HTTP
daemon."
MYSQL

MySQL is an open source relational database management system (RDBMS) based on

Structured Query Language (SQL).MySQL runs on virtually all platforms,
including Linux, UNIX, and Windows. Although it can be used in a wide range of applications,
MySQL is most often associated with web-based applications and online publishing and is an
important component of an open source enterprise stack called LAMP. LAMP is a Web
development platform that usesLinux as the operating system, Apache as the Web
server, MySQL as the relational database management system and PHP as the object-oriented
scripting language. (Sometimes Perl or Python is used instead ofPHP.)A MySQL installation
provides support for creating databases in it and allows applications to communicate with these
databases when correct credentials are given via a database connection.A MySQL database
consists of set of data tables. MySQL uses Structured Query Language¹¹ for its commands
(MySQL has also got few non-SQL commands).We can use SQL to create a database and then
create tables in it according to the format we want. Usually in a web application, database and
respective data tables are created at installer time. Then data is inserted, fetched, updated and
deleted from data tables in the runtime of the application.
Data Types

You can see five MySQL data types in the table definition above: int for integers, varchar for
short text, tinyint for short integers, date for dates, and text for long text. In addition to these,
MySQL provides some more data types. Choosing the correct data type for each column is
important foran optimal database.
Naming Conventions

There isn’t a standard naming convention for MySQL. Following are some common
conventions.

• All names are lower case (Ex: employee).

• Words are separated by underscore (Ex: first_name).

• Use singular form (Ex: employee, not employees).

Database Operations

MySQL allows all four CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations. Often you would see
these operations as Insert, Select, Update, and Delete relevant to their SQL statements.

Storage Engines

MySQL has several Storage Engines that enable different features on data tables. For example,

if you want to automatically delete all the corresponding records in employee department table
when an employee is deleted from the employee table, then you have to use InnoDB storage
engine (for defining constraints).

SQL Modes

MySQL has the ability to run in different SQL modes, enabling different restrictions. For
example,

at default configuration, you can enter 0000-00-00 for a date field. But if you are running in

Traditional mode, MySQL will throw an error when you try to insert 0000-00-00 into a date
field,

since it’s not a valid date.You can set the SQL mode per session (generally for the span of
starting and stopping the MySQLserver) or set it permanently by configuring the MySQL
configuration file (my.ini in Windows and my.cnf in Mac OS/Linux).This function is used for
connecting to MySQL. Before doing any database operation, you need to connect to MySQL. On
success, this function returns a link identifier that you can use in other MySQLi functions. On
failure, it will throw an error.

Following is how a user named robin with password robin123 needs to connect to a database
called company_db at localhost. User robin should have privileges to access company_db.

$link = mysqli_connect('localhost', 'robin', 'robin123', 'company_db');

If your MySQL port is different from the default one (3308), you need to give the port number as
the fifth parameter.

3. SYSTEM STUDY

MODULES
1. Home
2. Admin Login
3. Laboratory Inventory
4. Laboratory Hardware Management
5. User Management
6. Control Of Equipment Damage
7. Add Hardware In List
8. Available Application List
9. Report
 1. HOME
This is the main interface for both administrators and members. Now the member’s home
screen has options to either log into the account or creates a new account by registering on the
online system. The home screen has many options like contact pricing plans, schedule
information about the computer lab management system.

The register and login cases are extending the home because they can either these of two or
anyone these options.
 2. ADMIN
It begins with separate portal for the admin who can update news for the site. He is
provided with his specific admin login where user can’t login. Only admin users consider
authenticating in this portal. Non admin users are neglected or rejected.
3. LABORATORY INVENTORY
It is used to entry time and view all the entry out time details. Admin manage the laboratory
details. Only user can access all the details. Admin to add the trainer and entry time and
workspace time details. User can change the schedules details.
4. LABORATORY HARDWARE MANAGEMENT

It is used to hardware manage and view all the details. Admin manage the Laboratory
details.
Only admin can access all the details. Admin to add the hardware applications and view
the hardware report details. Admin can control the laboratory details.
 5. USER LOGIN

It is an entry module of this project to validate user to view all the details in website. It is the
initial page which loaded at first in this website. It needs proper username and password of a user
to authenticate him to his account of login. If invalid username or password provided and that
not matches with the one in database the user is consider as the invalid user and the warning
message is show to the user.
 6. CONTROL OF EQUIPMENT DAMAGE

It is used to edit, delete and view all the details. Admin manage the payment details. Only admin
can access all the details. Admin to add the trainer and edit, delete and view the trainer details.
Admin can change the schedules details.
7. ADD HARDWARE IN LIST

It is used to edit, delete and view all the details. Admin manage the hardware details.
Only admin can access all the details. Admin to add the author and entry hardware and
description the author list active status details. Admin can change the manage computer
lab details.
8. AVAILABLE APPLICATION LIST

It is used to edit, delete and view all the details. User manage the application details.
Only admin can access all the details. Admin to add the author and view list application
and description the user active status details. User can available application the manage
computer lab details.
 9. REPORTS

The report is the stored information which could be for payment, user, trainer, etc. The user can
generate a report according to their privileges.
 4. SYSTEM DESIGN

ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM
LEVEL DIAGRAMS

LEVEL 0:
LEVEL1:
LEVEL 2:
UML DIAGRAMS:

USECASEDIAGRAM:
CLASS DIAGRAM
SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
COLABORATION DIAGRAM

ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
COMPONENT DIAGRAM
 TESTING

SYSTEM TESTING
 The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover
every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the
functionality of components sub assembles and/or a finished product. It is the process of
exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the software system meets its requirements
and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of
test. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement.

Unit Testing:

Unit testing involves the design of test cases that the internal program logic is functioning
properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and internal code
flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the application. It is
done after the completion of an individual unit before integration.

This is a structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive.
Unit tests performs basic tests at component level and test a specific business process,
application and/or system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business
process performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs
and expected results.

Integration Testing:

Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if they
actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic
outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were
individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components is
correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that
arise from the combination of components.

Functional Testing:

Function tests provide a systematic demonstration that functions tested are available
as specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation and user manuals.

Functional testing is cantered on the following items:

Valid Input : Identified classes of valid input must be accepted.

Invalid Input : Identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.

Functions : Identified functions must be exercised.

Output : Identified classes of application outputs must be exercised

System/Procedures : Inter facing systems or procedures must be invoked. Organization and

preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key functions, or special test cases.
Business process flows, data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must be
considered for testing. Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified and
the effective value of current tests is determined.

System Testing:

System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets requirements.
It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable result. An example of system is the
configuration-oriented system integration test. System testing is based on process descriptions
and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points.

Performance Testing:

Performance test was conducted to identify the bottlenecks involved in the system and to
evolve the amount of execution time spent on various part of the unit. The response time of the
activities performed by the system is verified and is found to be reasonable.

White Box Testing

White Box Testing is a testing in which the software tester has knowledge of the inner
workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its purpose. It is used to test areas
that cannot be reached from black box level.

Advantages:

As the knowledge of internal coding is prerequisite, it becomes very easy to find out
which type of input data can help in testing the application effectively. The other advantage of
white box testing is that it helps in optimizing the code. It helps in removing the extra lines of
code, which can bring in hidden defects.

Black Box Testing:

Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner workings,
structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other kinds of tests,
must be written from a definitive source document, such as specification or requirements
document. It is a testing in which the software under test is treated, as a black box. You cannot
“see” into it. The test provides inputs and responds to outputs without considering how the
software works. Black box testing attempts to find errors in the following category:

1. Incorrect or missing functions

2. Interface errors
3. Errors in data structure or external DB access
4. Behavior or performance errors
5. Initialization or termination errors
These testing techniques are usually applied during the later stages of testing. Because
black box testing purposely disregards control structure, attention is focused on the information
domain.

Different types of Black box testing methods:

6. Graph based testing

7. Equivalence partitioning
8. Boundary value analysis
9. Comparison testing
10. Orthogonal array testing

7. CONCLUSION

A Computer Lab Management System (CLMS) plays a crucial role in efficiently

 organizing and optimizing the use of computer resources in educational institutions,
research facilities, or any environment with shared computing infrastructure. The CLMS
facilitates better utilization of computer resources by efficiently allocating and managing
system access for users. This ensures that the available hardware and software are utilized
to their full potential. CLMS enhances the user experience by providing a user-friendly
interface for logging in, accessing software, and managing personal preferences. This
contributes to a positive and efficient computing environment for students, researchers, or
any users of the lab. The CLMS can provide valuable insights through data analytics and
reporting features. Administrators can analyze usage patterns, identify trends, and make
informed decisions to further improve lab efficiency. In conclusion, a well-implemented
Computer Lab Management System is a valuable asset for educational institutions and
research facilities. It not only enhances the efficiency of resource utilization but also
contributes to a secure and user-friendly computing environment. Regular updates and
adaptability to future technological advancements are crucial to maintaining the
effectiveness of the CLMS over time.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Application of the project will be done more attractively. Database management and all
maintenance module will be updated which helps the administrator. More security measures will
be taken. There are also few features which will be integrated with this system to make it more
flexible. Below list shows the future points to be consider:

 Integrate role-based access control to ensure that users have access only to the resources
and software relevant to their roles.
 Implement a secure connection and authentication mechanism for remote access.
 Implement power management features to automatically shut down or hibernate idle
systems, contributing to energy conservation.

8. REFERENCES
[1] Prof. H. B. Sale, Bhavika Bhagyawant, Nikita Walunj,“Lab Monitoring System”,
IRJET, Volume: 06 Issue: 04, Apr 2019
[2 ] Mr. Vipul Shaha, Mr.Amit Arabhavi, Mr.Chetan Barage, Mr.Suraj Chavan, Mr.
Yogesh Karande, Mrs. Bhagyashri Kelkar, “Remote Lab Monitoring”D, IRJET ,
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2016
[3] Ms. Rashmi Janbandhu , Ms. Bhagyashree Gaurkhede , Ms. Gayatri Puri Ms.
Neelam Bahekar , Mr. Viplove Karhade , “Computer Lab Monitoring System” , IJRITCC
, Volume: 3 Issue: 3 , March 2015
[4] P.Rajesh Kanna, S. Keerthi, “Automation of Lab with Attendance Monitoring,
Screen Capturing and Performance Analysis”, International Journal of Pure and Applied
Mathematics, Volume 118 No. 18 2018, 27652770
[5] Poorya Bagheri Faez, Nor Azlina Abd Rahman, Khalida Shajaratuddur Harun,
“Online Project and Assignment Submission, Management and Progress Monitoring
System (OPAS)”, ISBN, ISBN: 978-1-941968-02-4 ©2014 SDIWC
[6] Dianjun Xu, “Study of Room Network Monitoring Management System”, Du
(Ed.): Intelligence Computation and Evolutionary Computation, AISC 180, pp. 1055–
1061. Springerlink.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
[7] The official website of the project contains a brief description of the project,
screenshots, links, FAQ’s and a blog with all the news of the project:
http://www.pdfsam.org/
[8] Project’s development and distribution website at Source forge. It provides the
project’s source code, a bug reporting and tracking system, and all the available file
downloads of the project: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pdfsam