SHS

GRADE
11

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING .NET 1

QUARTER 1- MODULE 2

USE RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES

Name: _______________________________________________________________________

Grade Level & Section: __________________________________________________________

Subject Teacher: _______________________________________________________________

 OBJECTIVES:

After this lesson, you will be able to answer the following questions:
• What is computer hardware?
• What are the input and output devices?
• What is a software?
• What is the difference between application and system software?

PRE-TEST

Direction: Multiple choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which type of device is a monitor?

A. Output Device
B. Storage Device
C. Input Device
2. You can use this to input printed documents to a computer?
A. Scanner
B. Keyboard
C. Mouse
3. Which type of device is a digitizer?
A. Output Device
B. Storage Device
C. Input Device
4. Which type of device is a printer?
A. Output Device
B. Storage Device
C. Input Device
5. Which type of device is a Keyboard?
A. Output Device
B. Storage Device
C. Input Device

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 LESSON PROPER

Computer Hardware
The term hardware refers to mechanical device that makes up computer. Computer hardware
consists of interconnected electronic devices that we can use to control computer’s operation, input,
and output. Examples of hardware are CPU, keyboard, mouse, hard disk, etc.

What is CPU?
Computer - CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• CPU is considered as the brain of the computer.
• It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.
• CPU performs all types of data processing operations.
• It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program).

Computer - Input Devices

▪ Keyboard
Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device which
helps to input data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is
like that of traditional typewriter, although there are some additional
keys provided for performing additional functions.

• Mouse
Mouse is the most popular pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control
device.
Generally, it has two buttons called the left and the right button and a wheel is
present between the buttons. A mouse can be used to control the position of the
cursor on the screen.
• Joystick
Joystick is also a pointing device, which is used to move the cursor
position on a monitor screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at its both
lower and upper ends. The lower spherical ball moves in a socket. The
joystick can be moved in all four directions.
The function of the joystick is like a computer mouse. It is mainly used in
Computer Aided Designing (CAD) and playing computer games.

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 • Scanner
Scanner is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine.
It is used when some information is available on paper, and it is to be
transferred to the hard disk of the computer for further manipulation.
Scanner captures images from the source which are then converted into
a digital form that can be stored on the disk. These images can be edited
before they are printed.
• Digitizer
Digitizer is an input device which converts analog information into
digital form. Digitizer can convert a signal from the television or
camera into a series of numbers that could be stored in a computer.
They can be used by the computer to create a picture of whatever
the camera had been pointed at.

• Microphone
Microphone is an input device to input sound that is then stored in a digital form.
The microphone is used for various applications such as adding sound to a
multimedia presentation or for mixing music.

• Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR)

MICR input device is generally used in banks as there are large number
of cheques to be processed every day. The bank's code number and
cheque number are printed on the cheques with a special type of ink
that contains particles of magnetic material that are machine readable.

• Optical Character Reader (OCR)

OCR is an input device used to read a printed text.
OCR scans the text optically, character by character, converts them into
a machine-readable code, and stores the text on the system memory.

• Bar Code Readers

Bar Code Reader is a device used for reading bar coded data (data
in the form of light and dark lines). Bar coded data is generally used
in labelling goods, numbering the books, etc. It may be a handheld
scanner or may be embedded in a stationary scanner.

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 • Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
OMR is a special type of optical scanner used to
recognize the type of mark made by pen or pencil. It is
used where one out of a few alternatives is to be
selected and marked.

Computer - Output Devices

• Monitor
This is the most common computer output device that creates a visual display which users can view
the processed data. Monitors come in various sizes and resolutions.

Common Types of Monitors

❖ CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors

These monitors employ CRT technology, which was used most in the manufacturing of television
screens. With these monitors, a stream of intense high energy electrons is used to form images on
a fluorescent screen.

❖ LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors

The LCD monitor incorporates one of the most advanced
technologies available today. Typically, it consists of a layer of
color or monochrome pixels arranged schematically between a
couple of transparent electrodes and two polarizing filters.
❖ LED (light-emitting diodes) monitors
LED monitors are the latest types of monitors on the market
today. These are flat panel, or slightly curved displays which
make use of light-emitting diodes for back-lighting, instead of cold cathode fluorescent (CCFL) back-
lighting used in LCDs. LED monitors are said to use much lesser power than CRT and LCD and are
considered far more environmentally friendly.

• Printer
this device generates a hard copy version of processed data, like
documents and photographs. The computer transmits the image
data to the printer, which then physically recreates the image,
typically on paper.

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 • Speakers
Speakers are attached to computers to facilitate the output of
sound; sound cards are required in the computer for speakers to
function. The different kinds of speakers range from simple, two -
speaker output devices right the way up to surround-sound multi-
channel units.

• Headset
This is a combination of speakers and microphone. It is mostly
used by gamers and is also a great tool for communicating with
family and friends over the internet.

• Projector
This is a display device that projects a computer-created image
onto another surface: usually some sort of whiteboard or wall. The
computer transmits the image data to its video card, which then
sends the video image to the projector. It is most often used for
presentations, or for viewing videos.
• Plotter
this generates a hard copy of a digitally depicted design. The
design is sent to the plotter through a graphics card, and the
design is formed by using a pen. It is generally used with
engineering applications, and essentially draws a given image
using a series of straight lines.

Input/output Devices
Input/output devices do not only produce output but can also be used as storage and input devices.
The computer transmits data to the drive, where it is saved and can be later accessed.
Examples of I/O devices are CD drives, DVD drives, USB drives, hard disk drives (HDDs), and
floppy disk drives.

Computer Memory
A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory is
the storage space in the computer, where data is to be processed and instructions required for
processing are stored.
Memory is primarily of three types −
❖ Cache Memory
❖ Primary Memory/Main Memory
❖ Secondary Memory
❖ Cache Memory
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Cache memory
is a very high-speed semiconductor memory which can speed up
the CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main
memory. It is used to hold those parts of data and program which
are most frequently used by the CPU. The parts of data and
programs are transferred from the disk to cache memory by the
operating system, from where the CPU can access them.

Primary Memory (Main Memory)

Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on
which the computer is currently working. It has a limited
capacity and data is lost when power is switched off. It is
generally made up of semiconductor device. These memories
are not as fast as registers. The data and instruction required
to be processed resides in the main memory. It is divided into
two subcategories RAM and ROM.
Secondary Memory
This type of memory is also known as external memory or
non-volatile. It is slower than the main memory. These are
used for storing data/information permanently. CPU directly
does not access these memories, instead they are accessed
via input-output routines. The contents of secondary
memories are first transferred to the main memory, and then
the CPU can access it. For example, disk, CD-ROM, DVD,
etc.

SSD (solid-state drive)

An SSD (solid-state drive) is a type of nonvolatile storage media that stores persistent data on solid-
state flash memory. The new solid-state drives work completely differently. They use a simple
memory chip called NAND flash memory, which has no moving parts and near-instant access times.
SSDs replace traditional mechanical hard disks by using flash-based memory, which is significantly
faster.

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Software
A set of instructions that drives computer to do stipulated tasks is called a program. Software
instructions are programmed in a computer language, translated into machine language, and
executed by computer. Software can be categorized into two types −
o System software
o Application software

System Software
System software operates directly on hardware
devices of computer. It provides a platform to
run an application. It provides and supports user
functionality. Examples of system software
include file management utilities, disk operating
system (or DOS) and operating systems such
as Windows, Linux, Unix, etc.

Application Software
An application software is designed for benefit of
users to perform one or more tasks. Examples of
application software include Microsoft Word, Excel,
PowerPoint, Photoshop, etc.

REFERENCES:

https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/basic-computer-skills/understanding-file-extensions/1/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_software.htm

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 ACTIVITIES

Direction: Sort Out the computer devices based on their classification.

MICROPHONE HARD DISK DRIVE CD DRIVE PRINTER SPEAKER MOUSE

BAR CODE READER MONITOR DIGITIZER PLOTTER FLASH DRIVE

KEYBOARD PROJECTOR SCANNER CACHE MEMORY

INPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES

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INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES (IO)

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 ASSESSMENT

Directions: Encircle the correct answer.

1. It is the most popular pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device.
A) Keyboard
B) Mouse
C) Scanner
D) Digitizer
2. An input device which converts analog information into a digital form.
A) Keyboard
B) Mouse
C) Scanner
D) Digitizer
3. It captures images from the source which are then converted into a digital form that can be stored
on the disk.
A) Keyboard
B) Mouse
C) Scanner
D) Digitizer
4. It is the most common and very popular input device which helps to input data or type characters
to the computer.
A) Keyboard
B) Mouse
C) Scanner
D) Digitizer
5. It is an input device to used input sound that is then stored in a digital form.
A) Microphone
B) Speaker
C) Monitor
D) Projector
6. It is a device used for reading bar coded data
A) Microphone
B) Optical character reader
C) Bar code reader
D) Projector
7. CRT (cathode ray tube) and LCD (liquid crystal display) are examples of.
A) Microphone
B) Monitor
C) Printer
D) Projector
8. This device generates a hard copy version of processed data
A) Speaker
B) Monitor
C) Printer
D) Projector

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9. This device is attached to a computer to facilitate the output of sound
A) Speaker
B) Monitor
C) Printer
D) Microphone
10. It is used to store data and instructions
A) Computer Memory
B) Computer Monitor
C) Keyboard
D) Mouse

Directions: Find ten (10) key words used in this lesson. Encircle your answer.

M P M E M O R Y O L O T S I L
O R O X X A S S H S D O C S C
K E Y B O A R D N D T Y O L D
H C A A H W A U T T K P O M N
H E A D S E T Y U I L Y L V S
I S M S P F W L S N M O U S E
B S N I E C N P V U I C N N A
O C Z O A O O P F M O C G R B
I A T N K U M O N I T O R E E
N C O S E U V S M T A E A K V
P H M L R N E R I S D R N A I
U E W O E Q U E L Y A I R E R
T P Q T L B W W O S P R P P D
W Q Z S E R O O S I S N A S T
Y H K E P M I P O U T P U T C

CACHE MEMORY LCD

MONITOR OUTPUT MOUSE

HEADSET INPUT KEYBOARD

SPEAKER

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