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Assigment C#

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UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

(UNIMTECH)
03 Hospital Road, Kissy Dockyard.

ASSIGNMENT

Module: Programming with C#


Lecture: Mr. Issa Fofanah

Student Name: Osman Abass Kamara


ID NO: 21/CS/TEC/036
Course: Computer Science
Level: Year Three (3)
OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING OR OOPS: As the name suggests, Object-Oriented
Programming or OOPs refers to languages that use objects in programming. Object-
oriented programming aims to implement real-world entities like inheritance,
hiding, polymorphism, etc in programming. The main aim of OOP is to bind together
the data and the functions that operate on them so that no other part of the code can
access this data except that function.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-object-oriented-programming/

Image from: https://www.orientsoftware.com/blog/list-of-object-oriented-


programming-languages/

1. Object:
It is a basic unit of Object-Oriented Programming and represents the real-life
entities. An Object is an instance of a Class. When a class is defined, no memory is
allocated but when it is instantiated (i.e. an object is created) memory is allocated.
An object has an identity, state, and behavior. Each object contains data and code to
manipulate the data. Objects can interact without having to know details of each
other’s data or code, it is sufficient to know the type of message accepted and type
of response returned by the objects.
• For example “Dog” is a real-life Object, which has some characteristics like
color, Breed, Bark, Sleep, and Eats.

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-object-oriented-
programming/

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2. Class:
A class is a user-defined data type. It consists of data members and member
functions, which can be accessed and used by creating an instance of that class. It
represents the set of properties or methods that are common to all objects of one
type. A class is like a blueprint for an object.
For Example: Consider the Class of Cars. There may be many cars with different
names and brands but all of them will share some common properties like all of
them will have 4 wheels, Speed Limit, Mileage range, etc. So here, Car is the class,
and wheels, speed limits, mileage are their properties.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-object-oriented-programming/

3. Polymorphism:
The word polymorphism means having many forms. In simple words, we can define
polymorphism as the ability of a message to be displayed in more than one form.
For example, A person at the same time can have different characteristics. Like a
man at the same time is a father, a husband, an employee. So the same person posses
different behavior in different situations. This is called polymorphism.

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-object-oriented-programming/

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4. Methods are functions that are defined inside a class that describe the behaviors
of an object. Each method contained in class definitions starts with a reference to an
instance object. Additionally, the subroutines contained in an object are called
instance methods. Programmers use methods for reusability or keeping functionality
encapsulated inside one object at a time.
https://www.techtarget.com/searchapparchitecture/definition/object-oriented-
programming-OOP

5. Encapsulation:
Encapsulation is defined as the wrapping up of data under a single unit. It is the
mechanism that binds together code and the data it manipulates. In Encapsulation,
the variables or data of a class are hidden from any other class and can be accessed
only through any member function of their class in which they are declared. As in
encapsulation, the data in a class is hidden from other classes, so it is also known
as data-hiding.

Consider a real-life example of encapsulation, in a company, there are different


sections like the accounts section, finance section, sales section, etc. The finance
section handles all the financial transactions and keeps records of all the data
related to finance. Similarly, the sales section handles all the sales-related activities
and keeps records of all the sales. Now there may arise a situation when for some
reason an official from the finance section needs all the data about sales in a
particular month. In this case, he is not allowed to directly access the data of the
sales section. He will first have to contact some other officer in the sales section and
then request him to give the particular data. This is what encapsulation is. Here the
data of the sales section and the employees that can manipulate them are wrapped
under a single name “sales section”.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-object-oriented-programming/

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6. Data Abstraction:
Data abstraction is one of the most essential and important features of object-
oriented programming. Data abstraction refers to providing only essential
information about the data to the outside world, hiding the background details or
implementation. Consider a real-life example of a man driving a car. The man only
knows that pressing the accelerators will increase the speed of the car or applying
brakes will stop the car, but he does not know about how on pressing the accelerator
the speed is increasing, he does not know about the inner mechanism of the car or
the implementation of the accelerator, brakes, etc in the car. This is what abstraction
is.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-object-oriented-programming/

7. Inheritance:
Inheritance is an important pillar of OOP(Object-Oriented Programming). The
capability of a class to derive properties and characteristics from another class is
called Inheritance. When we write a class, we inherit properties from other classes.
So when we create a class, we do not need to write all the properties and functions
again and again, as these can be inherited from another class that possesses it.
Inheritance allows the user to reuse the code whenever possible and reduce its
redundancy.

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-object-oriented-programming/

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