1. What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system? B.

Structural support
A. Glial cells C. Synthesis of neurotransmitters
B. Perikaryon D. An energy reserve or products of abnormal metabolism
C. Neurons  Answer: An energy reserve or products of abnormal metabolism
D. Cytoplasm 21. What is the basophilic granular area called when stained and containing rER, free
 Answer: Neurons ribosomes, and polysomes in the cytoplasm?
2. What is the main function of the cell body (perikaryon) in a neuron? A. Golgi complex
A. Conducting nerve impulses B. Neurofibrils
B. Receptive to stimuli C. Nissl bodies
C. Synthesizing neurotransmitters D. Melanin granules
D. Forming myelin sheath  Answer: Nissl bodies
 Answer: Receptive to stimuli 22. Where is the Golgi complex located in the neuron?
3. What is the size range of neurons? A. Near the cell membrane
A. 1-10µm B. Around the nucleus
B. 10-20µm C. In the axon
C. 20-50µm D. In the dendrites
D. 4-100µm  Answer: Around the nucleus
 Answer: 4-100µm 23. What is the function of neurofilaments in the neuron?
4. Which shape is associated with Unipolar neurons? A. Energy storage
A. Globular B. Structural support
B. Fusiform C. Synthesizing proteins
C. Stellate D. Enzyme transport
D. Pyramidal  Answer: Structural support
 Answer: Globular 24. What is the diameter of neurofilaments, the intermediate filaments found in the
5. What is the typical shape of Bipolar neurons? perikaryon and processes?
A. Globular A. 2 µm
B. Fusiform B. 10 nm
C. Stellate C. 20-28 nm
D. Pyramidal D. 50 µm
 Answer: Fusiform  Answer: 10 nm
6. What shape is characteristic of Multipolar neurons? 25. What is the role of microtubules in the neuron?
A. Globular A. Structural support
B. Fusiform B. Synthesizing proteins
C. Stellate C. Energy transport
D. Pyramidal D. Lysosome formation
 Answer: Stellate  Answer: Axonal transport of neurotransmitter substances, enzymes, and other
7. What is the prominent feature of the neuron nucleus? cellular constituents
A. Heterochromatic 26. Why are centrioles not observed in neurons?
B. Euchromatic A. Neurons lack cytoplasm
C. Nucleolus B. Centrioles are non-functional in neurons
D. Chromatin C. Neurons cannot divide
 Answer: Nucleolus D. Centrioles are too small to be seen
8. What reflects the intense synthetic activity of neurons?  Answer: Neurons cannot divide
A. Nucleus 27. Which pigment is a residue of undigested material by lysosomes and increases with aging?
B. Perikaryon A. Melanin
C. Nucleolus B. Lipid droplets
D. Cytoplasm C. Lipofuscin
 Answer: Nucleolus D. Hemoglobin
9. What determines the shape of a neuron?  Answer: Lipofuscin
A. Size of the cell body 28. Where is melanin pigment found in neurons?
B. Number of cell processes A. Hippocampus
C. Nucleolus structure B. Substantia nigra of the midbrain
D. Presence of myelin C. Cerebellum
 Answer: Number of cell processes D. Cortex
10. Which part of the neuron is receptive to stimuli?  Answer: Substantia nigra of the midbrain
A. Nucleus 29. What is the function of lipid droplets in the neuron cytoplasm?
B. Perikaryon A. Structural support
C. Axon B. Energy reserve
D. Dendrites C. Synthesizing proteins
 Answer: Perikaryon D. Enzyme transport
 Answer: Energy reserve or products of abnormal metabolism
11. What is the function of the basophilic granular areas called Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm 30. What is the characteristic structural feature of unipolar neurons?
of neurons? A. Multiple dendrites
A. Energy production B. Single process dividing into two branches
B. Synthesis of neurotransmitters C. Two axons
C. Structural support D. Circular perikaryon
D. Protein synthesis  Answer: Single process dividing into two branches
 Answer: Protein synthesis 31. Where are unipolar neurons commonly found in the nervous system?
12. Where is the Golgi complex located in the neuron? A. Cerebral cortex
A. Near the cell membrane B. Spinal ganglia
B. Around the nucleus C. Cochlear ganglia
C. In the axon D. Retina
D. In the dendrites  Answer: Spinal ganglia
 Answer: Around the nucleus 32. Which type of neurons have one dendrite and one axon?
13. What is the function of mitochondria in the cytoplasm of neurons? A. Unipolar
A. Protein synthesis B. Bipolar
B. Structural support C. Multipolar
C. Energy production D. Stellate
D. Axonal transport  Answer: Bipolar
 Answer: Energy production 33. Where are bipolar neurons typically found?
14. What is the role of neurofilaments in the perikaryon and processes of neurons? A. Spinal cord
A. Energy production B. Retina
B. Structural support C. Anterior horn cells
C. Protein synthesis D. Cochlear ganglia
D. Axonal transport  Answer: Retina
 Answer: Structural support 34. What characterizes multipolar neurons?
15. What is the diameter of neurofilaments, and what structures do they form after fixation? A. Two axons
A. 20-28 nm; Golgi complex B. Single dendrite
B. 10 nm; Nissl bodies C. One axon and many dendrites
C. 2 µm; Microtubules D. Circular perikaryon
D. 2 µm; Neurofibrils  Answer: One axon and many dendrites
 Answer: 2 µm; Neurofibrils 35. Which form do pyramidal cells take in the nervous system?
16. What is the function of microtubules in the cytoplasm of neurons? A. Unipolar
A. Structural support B. Stellate
B. Protein synthesis C. Pyramidal
C. Energy production D. Pyriform
D. Synthesis of neurotransmitters  Answer: Pyramidal
 Answer: Structural support 36. Which neurons function as interneurons connecting other neurons?
17. Why are centrioles not seen in neurons? A. Sensory neurons
A. Neurons lack cytoplasm B. Motor neurons
B. Neurons cannot divide C. Interneurons
C. Centrioles are only present in glial cells D. Golgi type 2 neurons
D. Centrioles are present in the axon  Answer: Interneurons
 Answer: Neurons cannot divide 37. What is the role of sensory (efferent) neurons in the nervous system?
18. What is the golden brown pigment that increases with aging and is a residue of undigested A. Control effector organs
material by lysosomes? B. Receive sensory stimuli
A. Melanin C. Connect neurons
B. Lipid droplets D. Have long axons
C. Lipofuscin  Answer: Receive sensory stimuli
D. Nissl bodies 38. Which neurons control effector organs like muscles and glands?
 Answer: Lipofuscin A. Sensory neurons
19. Where is melanin pigment found in neurons? B. Motor neurons
A. Nissl bodies C. Interneurons
B. Golgi complex D. Golgi type 2 neurons
C. Substantia nigra of the midbrain  Answer: Motor neurons
D. Microtubules 39. Where are Golgi type 1 neurons commonly found?
 Answer: Substantia nigra of the midbrain A. Cerebral cortex
20. What is the role of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of neurons? B. Spinal cord
A. Energy production C. Cochlear ganglia
 D. Retina  Answer: Transmission of impulses between neurons or to effector cells
 Answer: Spinal cord 59. Which classification of synapses is based on the method of transmission of nerve
40. What characterizes Golgi type 2 neurons? impulses?
A. Long axons A. Axosomatic and Axodendritic
B. Short axons B. Electrical and chemical
C. Multiple dendrites C. Axoaxonic and Axodendritic
D. Circular perikaryon D. Electrical and magnetic
 Answer: Short axons  Answer: Electrical and chemical
41. What is the characteristic structure of a unipolar neuron? 60. What is the most common method of transmission of nerve impulses in synapses?
A. Single axon and multiple dendrites A. Electrical
B. Single process that divides into two branches, forming a T shape B. Magnetic
C. One dendrite and one axon C. Chemical
D. Multiple axons and no dendrites D. Mechanical
 Answer: Single process that divides into two branches, forming a T shape  Answer: Chemical
42. Where is the unipolar neuron found in the nervous system? 61. In electrical synapses, what allows the spread of electric current between cells?
A. Retina A. Neurotransmitters
B. Spinal ganglia B. Gap junctions
C. Cochlear ganglia C. Synaptic vesicles
D. Olfactory mucosa D. Axon terminals
 Answer: Spinal ganglia  Answer: Gap junctions
43. Which type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon? 62. Where have electrical synapses been demonstrated?
A. Unipolar A. Cerebellum
B. Bipolar B. Spinal cord
C. Multipolar C. Hippocampus
D. Stellate D. Frontal cortex
 Answer: Bipolar  Answer: Cerebellum
44. Where are Bipolar neurons commonly found? 63. In which type of synapse does the axon form a synapse with a dendrite?
A. Anterior horn cells in the spinal cord A. Axosomatic
B. Cochlear and vestibular ganglia B. Axodendritic
C. Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortex C. Axoaxonic
D. Mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve D. Axonometric
 Answer: Cochlear and vestibular ganglia  Answer: Axodendritic
45. What characterizes multipolar neurons? 64. What type of synapse occurs when the axon forms a synapse with a cell body?
A. One axon and one dendrite A. Axodendritic
B. One axon and many dendrites B. Axosomatic
C. Multiple axons and no dendrites C. Axoaxonic
D. Two axons and one dendrite D. Axonometric
 Answer: One axon and many dendrites  Answer: Axosomatic
46. Which type of neuron is represented by stellate cells in the anterior horn of the spinal 65. In axoaxonic synapse, with what does the axon form a synapse?
cord? A. Dendrite
A. Multipolar B. Axon
B. Bipolar C. Synaptic cleft
C. Unipolar D. Presynaptic membrane
D. Pyramidal  Answer: Axon
 Answer: Multipolar 66. Which type of synapse involves the axon forming a synapse with another axon?
47. What is the function of sensory (efferent) neurons? A. Axodendritic
A. Control effector organs B. Axosomatic
B. Receive sensory stimuli C. Axoaxonic
C. Connect neurons D. Axonometric
D. Have a short axon  Answer: Axoaxonic
 Answer: Receive sensory stimuli 67. What is the primary mechanism of conduction of impulses in chemical synapses?
48. Which neurons control effector organs such as muscles and glands? A. Movement of ions through gap junctions
A. Sensory (efferent) neurons B. Release of neurotransmitters
B. Motor (afferent) neurons C. Electrical currents in the synapse
C. Interneurons D. Synaptic vesicle fusion
D. Unipolar neurons  Answer: Release of neurotransmitters
 Answer: Motor (afferent) neurons 68. What is a nerve fiber primarily composed of?
49. Where are interneurons commonly found? A. Cell body
A. Dorsal root ganglion B. Axolemma
B. Spinal cord C. Myelin
C. Cochlear ganglia D. Dendrites
D. Retina  Answer: Axolemma
 Answer: Spinal cord 69. What covers the axon of a nerve fiber?
50. What characterizes Golgi Type 1 neurons? A. Endoneurium
A. Short axon within grey matter B. Perineurium
B. Long axon leaving grey matter C. Myelin sheath
C. Multiple axons D. Axoplasm
D. No axon  Answer: Myelin sheath
 Answer: Long axon leaving grey matter 70. From where does a nerve fiber arise?
51. What is the main function of a synapse? A. Dendrites
A. Transmitting nutrients B. Axon hillock
B. Transmitting genetic material C. Perikaryon
C. Transmitting impulses between neurons or neurons and effector cells D. Nissl bodies
D. Synthesizing neurotransmitters  Answer: Axon hillock
 Answer: Transmitting impulses between neurons or neurons and effector cells 71. What types of nerve fibers have no myelin sheath?
52. Which classification of synapse is based on the method of transmission of nerve impulse? A. Myelinated fibers with Schwann cells
A. Axosomatic and Axodendritic B. Unmyelinated fibers with Schwann cells
B. Chemical and Electrical C. Myelinated fibers without Schwann cells
C. Axoaxonic and Axodendritic D. Unmyelinated fibers without Schwann cells
D. Electrical and Synaptic  Answer: Unmyelinated fibers without Schwann cells (Nake
 Answer: Chemical and Electrical 72. In which region is the myelin sheath absent in unmyelinated nerve fibers?
53. In which type of synapse is the conduction of impulses achieved by the release of A. Peripheral nerves
neurotransmitters? B. Gray matter
A. Axosomatic C. White matter
B. Axodendritic D. Axon hillock
C. Electrical  Answer: Gray matter
D. Chemical 73. Which type of nerve fibers have myelin sheath and Schwann cells?
 Answer: Chemical A. Unmyelinated fibers with Schwann cells
54. What is the role of gap junctions in synapses? B. Myelinated fibers with Schwann cells
A. Transmitting impulses by releasing neurotransmitters C. Unmyelinated fibers without Schwann cells
B. Allowing movement of ions between cells and permitting the spread of electric D. Myelinated fibers without Schwann cells
current  Answer: Myelinated fibers with Schwann cells
C. Forming synapses with cell bodies 74. What is the function of the sheath of Schwann (Neurolemmal sheath)?
D. Synthesizing neurotransmitters A. Formation of myelin sheath in the central nervous system
 Answer: Allowing movement of ions between cells and permitting the spread B. Regulation of nerve impulses
of electric current C. Electric insulation and myelin formation in the peripheral nerves
55. In which part of the neuron does an axosomatic synapse occur? D. Synthesis of neurotransmitters
A. Axon forms a synapse with a dendrite  Answer: Electric insulation and myelin formation in the peripheral nerves
B. Axon forms a synapse with a cell body 75. How is the myelin sheath formed in the peripheral nervous system?
C. Axon forms a synapse with an axon A. Rotation of Schwann cells
D. Axon forms a synapse with an effector cell B. Fusion of astrocytes
 Answer: Axon forms a synapse with a cell body C. Inversion of oligodendroglia processes
56. What characterizes an axodendritic synapse? D. Compaction of microglia
A. Axon forms a synapse with a dendrite  Answer: Rotation of Schwann cells
B. Axon forms a synapse with a cell body 76. What is the primary function of the myelin sheath?
C. Axon forms a synapse with an axon A. Regeneration of axons
D. Axon forms a synapse with an effector cell B. Synthesis of neurotransmitters
 Answer: Axon forms a synapse with a dendrite C. Enhancing the speed of nerve impulse**
57. In an axoaxonic synapse, where does the axon form a synapse? D. Electric insulation
A. Axon forms a synapse with a dendrite  Answer: Enhancing the speed of nerve impulse
B. Axon forms a synapse with a cell body 77. What are the spaces between adjacent sheath cells in the myelin sheath called?
C. Axon forms a synapse with an axon A. Nodes of Nissl
D. Axon forms a synapse with an effector cell B. Nodes of Ranvier
 Answer: Axon forms a synapse with an axon C. Internodal segments
58. What is the main function of a synapse? D. Neurolemmal gaps
A. Storage of neurotransmitters  Answer: Nodes of Ranvier
B. Conduction of impulses within a neuron 78. What is the primary component of a nerve fiber?
C. Transmission of impulses between neurons or to effector cells A. Axolemma
D. Regulation of blood flow in the nervous system B. Axon hillock
 C. Axoplasm D. Oligodendroglia
D. Neurolemma  Answer: Schwann cells
 Answer: Axoplasm 98. What is the dense connective tissue covering a peripheral nerve called?
79. From where does a nerve fiber arise, forming a conical extension? A. Axolemma
A. Axolemma B. Axon hillock
B. Axon hillock C. Endoneurium
C. Axoplasm D. Epineurium
D. Neurolemma  Answer: Epineurium
 Answer: Axon hillock 99. What forms a barrier to protect nerve fibers in a peripheral nerve bundle?
80. What type of nerve fibers have no myelin sheath and are found in gray matter? A. Axolemma
A. Myelinated fibers without sheath B. Axon hillock
B. Unmyelinated fibers with Schwann cell sheath C. Perineurium
C. Myelinated fibers with Schwann cell sheath D. Endoneurium
D. Unmyelinated fibers without sheath  Answer: Perineurium
 Answer: Unmyelinated fibers without sheath 100. Which structure inside the nerve bundle connects nerve fibers and consists of
81. In which type of nerve fibers does Schwann cell form a sheath despite the absence of reticular fibers formed by Schwann cells?
myelin? A. Axolemma
A. Myelinated fibers without sheath B. Axon hillock
B. Unmyelinated fibers with Schwann cell sheath C. Perineurium
C. Myelinated fibers with Schwann cell sheath D. Endoneurium
D. Unmyelinated fibers without sheath  Answer: Endoneurium
 Answer: Unmyelinated fibers with Schwann cell sheath 101. In histological preparations stained by H&E, what is the appearance of nerve fibers?
82. What is the function of the sheath of Schwann? A. The lipid component appears as a black ring
A. Formation of axoplasm B. The central axon is faintly stained
B. Electric insulation C. Reticular fibers are clearly visible
C. Synaptic transmission D. The endoneurium is dissolved
D. Neurotransmitter release  Answer: The central axon is faintly stained
 Answer: Electric insulation 102. What is the function of the epineurium in peripheral nerves?
83. What is the primary function of the myelin sheath in nerve fibers? A. Formation of myelin sheath
A. Enhance the speed of nerve impulse B. Electric insulation
B. Regulate neurotransmitter release C. Connective tissue covering
C. Facilitate axon invagination D. Regeneration support
D. Provide structural support  Answer: Connective tissue covering
 Answer: Enhance the speed of nerve impulse 103. Which staining method preserves the lipid component of myelin in nerve fibers?
84. What is the structure formed by the fusion of cell membranes in the myelin sheath? A. H&E staining
A. Nissl bodies B. Osmic acid staining
B. Nodes of Ranvier C. Toluidine blue staining
C. Oligodendroglia processes D. Hematoxylin staining
D. Internodal segments  Answer: Osmic acid staining
 Answer: Internodal segments 104. What is the protective function of the perineurium in peripheral nerves?
85. What is the primary staining property of myelin sheath with osmic acid? A. Electric insulation
A. Black B. Connective tissue covering
B. Red C. Formation of myelin sheath
C. Blue D. Barrier to protect nerve fibers
D. Green  Answer: Barrier to protect nerve fibers
 Answer: Black 105. Which connective tissue component forms a barrier around nerve fibers in a
86. What are the gaps representing spaces between adjacent sheath cells in the myelin sheath peripheral nerve bundle?
called? A. Epineurium
A. Nissl bodies B. Perineurium
B. Nodes of Ranvier C. Endoneurium
C. Oligodendroglia processes D. Neurolemma
D. Internodal segments  Answer: Perineurium
 Answer: Nodes of Ranvier 106. In osmic acid-stained preparations, how does the lipid component of myelin
87. Which cells form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system? appear?
A. Oligodendroglia A. Faintly stained
B. Astrocytes B. As a black ring
C. Schwann cells C. Clearly visible
D. Microglia D. Dissolved
 Answer: Schwann cells  Answer: As a black ring
88. What is the connective tissue covering that surrounds a peripheral nerve bundle? 107. What is the composition of the reticular fibers in the endoneurium of a peripheral
A. Epineurium nerve?
B. Perineurium A. Collagen
C. Endoneurium B. Elastin
D. Neurolemma C. Schwann cells
 Answer: Epineurium D. Nerve fibers
89. Which structure forms a barrier to protect the nerve fibers within a nerve bundle?  Answer: Schwann cells
A. Epineurium 108. What is the main function of ganglia in the nervous system?
B. Perineurium A. Myelination
C. Endoneurium B. Blood circulation
D. Neurolemma C. Support for neurons
 Answer: Perineurium D. Collection of nerve cells outside CNS
90. What is the connective tissue inside a nerve bundle that connects nerve fibers and is  Answer: Collection of nerve cells outside CNS
formed by Schwann cells? 109. How are cells arranged in spinal ganglia?
A. Epineurium A. Scattered
B. Perineurium B. In groups or rows
C. Endoneurium C. Stellate multipolar
D. Neurolemma D. Uniformly distributed
 Answer: Endoneurium  Answer: In groups or rows
91. What is the function of endoneurium within a nerve bundle? 110. What covers spinal ganglia with a thick connective tissue capsule?
A. Provides electric insulation A. Endoneurium
B. Enhances nerve impulse speed B. Epineurium
C. Connects nerve fibers C. Perineurium
D. Regulates neurotransmitter release D. Capsule of Schwann cells
 Answer: Connects nerve fibers  Answer: Epineurium
92. In histological preparations stained with H&E, what is the appearance of nerve fibers? 111. In sympathetic ganglia, what covers the ganglia with a thin connective tissue capsule?
A. Black ring around the axon A. Endoneurium
B. Central faintly stained axon B. Epineurium
C. Intensely stained myelin C. Perineurium
D. Colorless axon D. Capsule of Schwann cells
 Answer: Central faintly stained axon  Answer: Perineurium
93. What is the impact of staining with osmic acid on the appearance of nerve fibers in 112. Which type of ganglia has cells arranged in a scattered pattern?
histological preparations? A. Spinal ganglia
A. Faintly stained myelin B. Sympathetic ganglia
B. Central faintly stained axon C. Craniospinal ganglia
C. Black ring around the axon D. Parasympathetic ganglia
D. Colorless axon  Answer: Sympathetic ganglia
 Answer: Black ring around the axon 113. What is a characteristic feature of cells in spinal ganglia?
94. Which component of the nerve is dissolved during dehydration in H&E staining? A. Unipolar cells
A. Lipid B. Stellate multipolar cells
B. Proteins C. Cells with glomeruli
C. Nucleus D. Uniformly sized cells
D. Endoneurium  Answer: Unipolar cells
 Answer: Lipid 114. In which ganglia are cells smaller and more uniform in size?
95. What is the dense connective tissue covering a nerve bundle called? A. Spinal ganglia
A. Perineurium B. Sympathetic ganglia
B. Endoneurium C. Craniospinal ganglia
C. Neurolemma D. Parasympathetic ganglia
D. Epineurium  Answer: Sympathetic ganglia
 Answer: Epineurium 115. What is a feature of cells in sympathetic ganglia that is absent in spinal ganglia?
96. What forms a protective barrier for nerve fibers within a nerve bundle? A. Cells with glomeruli
A. Endoneurium B. Larger cell size
B. Perineurium C. Synapse between cells
C. Epineurium D. Continuous layer of satellite cells
D. Neurolemma  Answer: Synapse between cells
 Answer: Perineurium 116. What covers cells in sympathetic ganglia in a discontinuous layer interrupted by
97. Which cells contribute to the formation of reticular fibers in the endoneurium? dendrites?
A. Astrocytes A. Myelinated nerve fibers
B. Microglia B. Unmyelinated nerve fibers
C. Schwann cells C. Large satellite cells
 D. Synaptic cleft  Answer: Widening
 Answer: Unmyelinated nerve fibers 136. What do the internodal segments of the myelin sheath form during Wallerian
117. What separates cells in spinal ganglia? degeneration?
A. Unmyelinated nerve fibers A. Chromatolysis chambers
B. Myelinated nerve fibers B. Degeneration nodes
C. Dendrites C. Fermentation chambers
D. Synaptic cleft D. Myelinosis chambers
 Answer: Myelinated nerve fibers  Answer: Fermentation chambers
118. What is the main function of the thick connective tissue capsule covering spinal ganglia? 137. What is the term for the migration of the nucleus to a peripheral position during retrograde
A. Blood vessel support degeneration?
B. Electric insulation A. Centripetal movement
C. Protection B. Eccentric localization
D. Formation of myelin sheath C. Peripheral migration
 Answer: Protection D. Nucleus shift
119. In which type of ganglion are cells arranged in groups or rows?  Answer: Peripheral migration
A. Spinal ganglion 138. What is the term for the disappearance of Nissl bodies in retrograde degeneration of a
B. Craniospinal ganglion wounded nerve fiber?
C. Sympathetic ganglion A. Chromatolysis
D. Parasympathetic ganglion B. Lysolysis
 Answer: Spinal ganglion C. Basolysis
120. What is a characteristic feature of cells in sympathetic ganglia regarding their D. Golgolysis
arrangement?  Answer: Chromatolysis
A. Cells are larger 139. What happens to the volume of the Perikaryon during retrograde degeneration?
B. Cells are uniform in size A. Decreases
C. Cells are arranged in groups B. Remains unchanged
D. Cells are scattered C. Increases
 Answer: Cells are scattered D. Fluctuates
121. In which ganglion type are cells surrounded by a large number of satellite cells in a  Answer: Increases
continuous layer? 140. Which of the following is a characteristic change in the nucleus during retrograde
A. Sympathetic ganglion degeneration?
B. Parasympathetic ganglion A. Migration to central position
C. Craniospinal ganglion B. No change in position
D. Spinal ganglion C. Disappearance
 Answer: Spinal ganglion D. Increase in size
122. What is a distinguishing feature of cells in sympathetic ganglia regarding their shape?  Answer: Migration to peripheral position
A. Cells are stellate multipolar 141. What happens to Golgi bodies and mitochondria during retrograde degeneration?
B. Cells are unipolar A. Increase in number
C. Cells have glomeruli B. Disappearance
D. Cells are larger C. Enlargement
 Answer: Cells are stellate multipolar D. Proliferation
123. What is the primary function of the thin connective tissue capsule covering sympathetic  Answer: Disappearance
ganglia? 142. What is a characteristic change in neurofibrils during retrograde degeneration?
A. Synapse support A. Proliferation
B. Protection B. Fragmentation
C. Electric insulation C. Segmentation
D. Blood vessel support D. Enlargement
 Answer: Protection  Answer: Fragmentation
124. Which ganglion type has blood vessels that are more abundant? 143. In which part of a wounded nerve fiber does Wallerian degeneration occur?
A. Spinal ganglion A. Proximal part
B. Sympathetic ganglion B. Perikaryon
C. Parasympathetic ganglion C. Distal part
D. Craniospinal ganglion D. Entire fiber
 Answer: Sympathetic ganglion  Answer: Distal part
125. In which ganglion type are cells separated by myelinated nerve fibers? 144.What is the term for the widening of nodes of Ranvier in Wallerian degeneration?
A. Sympathetic ganglion A. Node dilation
B. Parasympathetic ganglion B. Ranvier expansion
C. Craniospinal ganglion C. Fermentation chambers
D. Spinal ganglion D. Internodal widening
 Answer: Spinal ganglion  Answer: Fermentation chambers
126. What is a characteristic feature of cells in spinal ganglia regarding their size? 145. What is the fate of neurofibrils in the axon during Wallerian degeneration?
A. Cells are larger A. Proliferate
B. Cells are smaller B. Segment
C. Cells are uniform in size C. Disappear
D. Cells are variable in size D. Harden
 Answer: Cells are larger  Answer: Disappear
127. In which ganglion type are cells separated by unmyelinated nerve fibers? 146. What do Schwann cells do during Wallerian degeneration?
A. Sympathetic ganglion A. Fragment
B. Parasympathetic ganglion B. Proliferate
C. Craniospinal ganglion C. Disintegrate
D. Spinal ganglion D. Harden
 Answer: Sympathetic ganglion  Answer: Proliferate
128. What is the term for the disappearance of Nissl bodies in a wounded nerve fiber? 147. What is the term for the segments of myelin sheath in Wallerian degeneration that act as
A. Chromatolysis fermentation chambers?
B. Degeneration A. Myelin nodes
C. Lysolysis B. Schwann segments
D. Myelinosis C. Fatty chambers
 Answer: Chromatolysis D. Internodal segments
129. Which part of the nerve fiber undergoes chromatolysis during retrograde degeneration?  Answer: Internodal segments
A. Axon 148. What is the main function of Astrocytes in the central nervous system?
B. Dendrites A. Formation of myelin sheath
C. Perikaryon B. Phagocytosis
D. Myelin sheath C. Control of metabolic exchanges
 Answer: Perikaryon D. Blood brain barrier
130. What happens to the basophilia during chromatolysis?  Answer: Control of metabolic exchanges
A. Increases 149. Which type of astrocyte is found in the grey matter and has granular cytoplasm
B. Decreases with many short processes?
C. Remains the same A. Fibrous astrocytes
D. Becomes granular B. Satellite astrocytes
 Answer: Decreases C. Cytoplasmic astrocytes
131. What term is used for the disappearance of Golgi body and mitochondria during D. Oligodendrocytes
retrograde degeneration?  Answer: Cytoplasmic astrocytes
A. Lysis 150. What is a characteristic feature of the nucleus of Oligodendrocytes?
B. Fragmentation A. Large and pale
C. Disintegration B. Medium and dark
D. Autolysis C. Small and dark
 Answer: Disintegration D. Highly dense
132. During Wallerian degeneration, what happens to the neurofibrils in the axon?  Answer: Medium and dark
A. Fusion 151. Which type of Oligodendrocyte is found in white matter and has fibrous cytoplasm with
B. Segmentation many long processes?
C. Proliferation A. Satellite Oligodendrocytes
D. Aggregation B. Interfasicular Oligodendrocytes
 Answer: Segmentation C. Granular Oligodendrocytes
133. What term is used for the widening of nodes of Ranvier in Wallerian degeneration? D. Fibrous Oligodendrocytes
A. Node enlargement  Answer: Interfasicular Oligodendrocytes
B. Ranvier expansion 152. What is the origin of microglia?
C. Fermentation A. Mesodermal
D. Segment proliferation B. Ectodermal
 Answer: Fermentation C. Endodermal
134. What occurs in Schwann cells during Wallerian degeneration to aid in nerve regeneration? D. Mesothelial
A. Apoptosis  Answer: Mesodermal
B. Hypertrophy 153. Which cells can divide and form tumors?
C. Proliferation A. Microglia
D. Necrosis B. Astrocytes
 Answer: Proliferation C. Oligodendrocytes
135. What happens to the myelin sheath during Wallerian degeneration? D. Ependymal cells
A. Fusion  Answer: Astrocytes
B. Segmentation 154. What is the main function of Oligodendrocytes?
C. Widening A. Phagocytosis
D. Strengthening B. Support nerve cells
 C. Blood-brain barrier  Answer: Electric insulation and myelin production
D. Formation of myelin sheath 174. From which embryonic layer do Schwann cells originate?
 Answer: Formation of myelin sheath A. Endodermal
155. Which type of astrocyte is found in white matter and has fibrous cytoplasm with B. Ectodermal
many long processes? C. Mesodermal
A. Cytoplasmic astrocytes D. None of the above
B. Fibrous astrocytes  Answer: Ectodermal
C. Satellite astrocytes 175.What is the function of satellite cells?
D. Granular astrocytes A. Formation of myelin
 Answer: Fibrous astrocytes B. Electric insulation
156. What is the function of microglia? C. Structural support
A. Control of metabolic exchanges D. Surrounding nerve cells in ganglia
B. Structural support  Answer: Surrounding nerve cells in ganglia
C. Phagocytosis 176. What is the typical morphology of satellite cells?
D. Repair process A. Star-shaped with multiple processes
 Answer: Phagocytosis B. Cuboidal or columnar forming epithelium
157.Which neuroglial cells are phagocytic and can be stained by vital stains like trypan blue? C. Phagocytic with elongated projections
A. Astrocytes D. Low cuboidal
B. Oligodendrocytes  Answer: Low cuboidal
C. Microglia 177. Where do ependymal cells line in the nervous system?
D. Ependymal cells A. Peripheral nerves
 Answer: Microglia B. Ganglia
158. Which type of glial cells are present in both the central and peripheral nervous C. Central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of the brain
system? D. White matter
A. Astrocytes  Answer: Central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of the brain
B. Oligodendrocytes 178.What is the epithelial shape of ependymal cells?
C. Microglia A. Squamous
D. Schwann cells B. Cuboidal or columnar
 Answer: Oligodendrocytes C. Stratified
159. What is the origin of microglia? D. Transitional
A. Endodermal  Answer: Cuboidal or columnar
B. Ectodermal 179. What is the potential function of cilia on ependymal cells?
C. Mesodermal A. Phagocytosis
D. None of the above B. Myelin production
 Answer: Mesodermal C. Propulsion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
160. In which part of the nervous system are astrocytes found? D. Electrical insulation
A. Grey matter  Answer: Propulsion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
B. White matter 180. What is the origin of ependymal cells?
C. Both grey and white matter A. Mesodermal
D. Peripheral nerves B. Ectodermal
 Answer: Both grey and white matter C. Endodermal
161. How are astrocytes shaped? D. None of the above
A. Small and round  Answer: Ectodermal
B. Large star-shaped cells with multiple processes 181. Where are Schwann cells found?
C. Small cells with few branches A. Central nervous system
D. Long and fibrous B. Spinal cord
 Answer: Large star-shaped cells with multiple processes C. Peripheral nervous system
162. What is the function of astrocytes' processes with expanded end feet linked to the D. Ganglia
endothelium of blood capillaries?  Answer: Peripheral nervous system
A. Phagocytosis 182. What is the primary responsibility of Schwann cells?
B. Myelination A. Phagocytosis
C. Metabolic control B. Myelin production, electric insulation, and regeneration
D. Electrical insulation C. Propulsion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
 Answer: Metabolic control D. Structural support
163. Which glial cells are associated with the blood-brain barrier?  Answer: Myelin production, electric insulation, and regeneration
A. Oligodendrocytes 183. What is the origin of Schwann cells?
B. Microglia A. Mesodermal
C. Astrocytes B. Ectodermal
D. Schwann cells C. Endodermal
 Answer: Astrocytes D. None of the above
164. What is the main function of Oligodendrocytes?  Answer: Ectodermal
A. Phagocytosis 184. What is the shape of satellite cells?
B. Structural support A. Squamous
C. Formation of myelin sheath and electric insulation B. Cuboidal
D. Repair process C. Columnar
 Answer: Formation of myelin sheath and electric insulation D. Stellate
165. Which glial cells are phagocytic and can be stained by vital stains like trypan blue?  Answer: Cuboidal
A. Astrocytes 185. Where are satellite cells located in the nervous system?
B. Oligodendrocytes A. Central nervous system
C. Microglia B. Spinal cord
D. Schwann cells C. Peripheral nervous system
 Answer: Microglia D. Ganglia
166. What is the main function of microglia?  Answer: Peripheral nervous system
A. Metabolic control 186. What is the primary location of satellite cells around nerve cells?
B. Structural support A. Surrounding axons
C. Phagocytosis B. Surrounding dendrites
D. Formation of myelin sheath C. Around the cell bodies of neurons in ganglia
 Answer: Phagocytosis D. Within the myelin sheath
167. Which glial cells have centrioles, allowing them to divide and form tumors?  Answer: Around the cell bodies of neurons in ganglia
A. Astrocytes
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Microglia
D. Schwann cells
 Answer: Astrocytes
168. Where do ependymal cells primarily line?
A. Peripheral nerves
B. Axons
C. Central canal of spinal cord and brain ventricles
D. Blood vessels
 Answer: Central canal of spinal cord and brain ventricles
169. What is the typical morphology of ependymal cells?
A. Star-shaped with multiple processes
B. Cuboidal or columnar forming epithelium
C. Phagocytic with elongated projections
D. Irregular and branched
 Answer: Cuboidal or columnar forming epithelium
170. What is the potential role of cilia on ependymal cells?
A. Formation of myelin
B. Propulsion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
C. Electric insulation
D. Phagocytosis
 Answer: Propulsion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
171. From which embryonic layer do ependymal cells originate?
A. Endodermal
B. Ectodermal
C. Mesodermal
D. None of the above
 Answer: Ectodermal
172. Where are Schwann cells found?
A. Central nervous system
B. Brain ventricles
C. Peripheral nervous system
D. Spinal cord
 Answer: Peripheral nervous system
173. What is the main responsibility of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
A. Phagocytosis
B. Electric insulation and myelin production
C. Formation of blood-brain barrier
D. Structural support