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Experiments - Light Reflection and Refraction

The document describes three experiments on light reflection and refraction: 1) Laws of reflection - Experiments using a plane mirror show that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. 2) Refraction through a rectangular glass block - Experiments using an optical pin method and ray box method demonstrate that the angle of incidence equals the angle of refraction, though the rays are bent at the boundary. 3) Refraction through semi-circular glass blocks - Experiments apply the same methods as above but with non-perpendicular incidence, demonstrating bending of light rays at the surface.

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yashmiganegoda13
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© © All Rights Reserved
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154 views

Experiments - Light Reflection and Refraction

The document describes three experiments on light reflection and refraction: 1) Laws of reflection - Experiments using a plane mirror show that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. 2) Refraction through a rectangular glass block - Experiments using an optical pin method and ray box method demonstrate that the angle of incidence equals the angle of refraction, though the rays are bent at the boundary. 3) Refraction through semi-circular glass blocks - Experiments apply the same methods as above but with non-perpendicular incidence, demonstrating bending of light rays at the surface.

Uploaded by

yashmiganegoda13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiments – Light Reflection and Refraction

 Laws of Reflection
Optical Pin Method

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZFfm05ZOek

Apparatus – plane mirror, optical pins, plain paper, sharp pencil, protractor, rule, regiform board.

1. Place the mirror on the paper vertically and draw a line to mark its position AB.
2. Remove the mirror. Draw the normal N and then draw an incident ray with a known angle
of incidence ‘i’.
3. Fix the paper on the regiform board and halfway insert two optical pins ‘P’ and ‘Q’ on the
incident ray.
(for more accuracy place pin Q closer to the mirror and P about 5 cm away from the first
pin. Also make sure that the pins are vertical to the paper)
4. Place the mirror and look through it from the opposite side to the incident ray as shown in
the above image. The two images P’ and Q’ of P and Q can be seen. Now place pins R
and S to be in line with these two images.
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5. Remove the pins and the mirror. Draw the reflected Ray through the holes of R and S until
it meets the line AB.
6. Measure the angle ‘r’. Compare this angle with ‘i’

What can you say about the above two angles? They are equal. But there can be a very small
difference due to practical errors.

7. Repeat above steps with another angle of incidence for more accuracy.

Ray Box Method

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gDCwIz3ATk

Apparatus – plane mirror, ray box, plain paper, sharp pencil, protractor, rule

1. Arrange the apparatus as shown above.


2. Direct the light ray to the mirror.
3. Use the pencil and mark few dots on the light ray to mark its path
4. Remove the ray box and the mirror.
5. Draw the lines through the marked points to obtain the incident and reflected rays.
6. Draw a normal to the point of incident and measure angle if incidents and angle of
reflection. Compare the values to see whether they are equal.
7. Repeat above steps by sending the light ray from different angles.
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 Refraction in Rectangular Glass block.


Optical Pin Method
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdjjDsb5Fz8

Apparatus – Rectangular glass block, optical pins, plain paper, sharp pencil, protractor, rule,
regiform board.

A
P2

i
P1
O
Glass block
r

r'

i’
P3

P4 B

1. Draw the outline of the glass block on the paper.


2. Draw an incident ray AO with a known angle of incident ‘i’.
3. Place two pins P1, P2 on the incident ray as shown above. (Consider all precautions given
under the laws of reflection experiment when placing pins )
4. Place the block back on its outline and look through the glass block. The images of the
input pins can then be seen.
5. Place another two pins P3, P4 at the opposite side as shown above so the two new pins will
be in line with the images of P1 and P2.
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6. Remove the pins and the glass block. Join the pin holes and draw the line BN through
them to complete the emergent ray.
7. Join ON to complete the refracted ray.
8. Measure the angles r, r’ and compare. i’. i =i’ and r = r’
9. Extend the incident ray forward this will be parallel to the emergent ray.
10. Repeat the experiment with different incident rays.

Ray Box Method

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdjjDsb5Fz8

1. Draw the outline of the glass block on the paper

2. Direct a light ray toward one face of the block.

3. Place pencil marks on the incident and emergent rays

4. Remove the ray box and the glass block.

5. Draw the lines through the marked pins and the join the two rays to complete the inside
refraction rays.
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 Refraction in Semi Circular Glass Block


Optical Pin Method
Apparatus – Semi circular glass block, optical pins, plain paper, sharp pencil, protractor, rule,
regiform board.

A
P2

P1
N

O
P3

B
P4

Follow the steps given under above experiments

NOTE : the incident ray AN is normal to the semi circular glass block. Place the ruler from point
O and then draw the line AN.
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P1

P2

X O
P3

P4 Y
A

Follow the steps given under above experiments

NOTE : the incident ray AN is not perpendicular to the surface of the block.

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