Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2023

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

In Mechanics M3 (WME03) Paper 01
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January 2023
Question Paper Log Number P74312A
Publications Code WME03_01_MS_2301
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same

treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in
exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates
must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do
rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme
not according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark
scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of
credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded
and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application
of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team
leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the
candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.
PEARSON EDEXCEL IAL MATHEMATICS

General Instructions for Marking

1. The total number of marks for this paper is 75.

2. The Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of marks:

‘M’ marks
These are marks given for a correct method or an attempt at a correct method. In Mechanics
they are usually awarded for the application of some mechanical principle to produce an
equation.
e.g. resolving in a particular direction, taking moments about a point, applying a suvat
equation, applying the conservation of momentum principle etc.
The following criteria are usually applied to the equation.

To earn the M mark, the equation

(i) should have the correct number of terms
(ii) be dimensionally correct i.e. all the terms need to be dimensionally correct
e.g. in a moments equation, every term must be a ‘force x distance’ term or ‘mass x distance’, if
we allow them to cancel ‘g’ s.
For a resolution, all terms that need to be resolved (multiplied by sin or cos) must be resolved
to earn the M mark.

M marks are sometimes dependent (DM) on previous M marks having been earned.
e.g. when two simultaneous equations have been set up by, for example, resolving in two
directions and there is then an M mark for solving the equations to find a particular quantity –
this M mark is often dependent on the two previous M marks having been earned.

‘A’ marks
These are dependent accuracy (or sometimes answer) marks and can only be awarded if the
previous M mark has been earned. e.g. M0 A1 is impossible.

‘B’ marks
These are independent accuracy marks where there is no method (e.g. often given for a
comment or for a graph).

A few of the A and B marks may be f.t. – follow through – marks.

3. General Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the mark schemes.

• bod – benefit of doubt

• ft – follow through
• the symbol will be used for correct ft
• cao – correct answer only
• cso - correct solution only. There must be no errors in this part of the question
to obtain this mark
• isw – ignore subsequent working
• awrt – answers which round to
• SC – special case
• oe – or equivalent (and appropriate)
• dep – dependent
• indep – independent
• dp – decimal places
• sf – significant figures
•  – The answer is printed on the paper
• – The second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

4. All A marks are ‘correct answer only’ (cao), unless shown, for example as A1 ft to
indicate that previous wrong working is to be followed through. After a misread
however, the subsequent A marks are treated as A ft, but manifestly absurd answers
should never be awarded A marks.

5. For misreading which does not alter the character of a question or materially simplify
it, deduct two from any A or B marks gained, in that part of the question affected.

6. If a candidate makes more than one attempt at any question:

• If all but one attempt is crossed out, mark the attempt which is NOT crossed
out.
• If either all attempts are crossed out or none are crossed out, mark all the
attempts and score the highest single attempt.

7. Ignore wrong working or incorrect statements following a correct answer.

 General Principles for Mechanics Marking
(But note that specific mark schemes may sometimes override these general priniciples)

• Rules for M marks: correct no. of terms; dimensionally correct; all terms that need resolving (i.e.
multiplied by cos or sin) are resolved.

• Omission or extra g in a resolution is an accuracy error not method error.

• Omission of mass from a resolution is a method error.

• Omission of a length from a moments equation is a method error.

• Omission of units or incorrect units is not (usually) counted as an accuracy error.

• DM indicates a dependent method mark i.e. one that can only be awarded if a
previous specified method mark has been awarded.

• Any numerical answer which comes from use of g = 9.8 should be given to 2 or 3 SF

• Use of g = 9.81 should be penalised once per (complete) question.

N.B. Over-accuracy or under-accuracy of correct answers should only be penalized
once per complete question. However, premature approximation should be penalised
every time it occurs.

• Marks must be entered in the same order as they appear on the mark scheme.

• In all cases, if the candidate clearly labels their working under a particular part of a
question i.e. (a) or (b) or (c),……then that working can only score marks for that part of
the question.

• Accept column vectors in all cases.

• Misreads – if a misread does not alter the character of a question or materially simplify
it, deduct two from any A or B marks gained, bearing in mind that after a misread, the
subsequent A marks affected are treated as A ft

• Mechanics Abbreviations

M(A) Taking moments about A

N2L Newton’s Second Law (Equation of Motion)
NEL Newton’s Experimental Law (Newton’s Law of Impact
HL Hooke’s Law
SHM Simple harmonic motion
PCLM Principle of conversation of linear momentum
RHS, LHS Right hand side, left hand side
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1
1(a)   (1 + x ) 2dx M1
0
1
 4 3 1 
=   x + x 2 + x2  A1
 3 2 0
17 3
= m * including units A1*
6
(3)
1
(b)   x(1 + x )2dx M1
0
1
1 4 5 1 
=   x 2 + x 2 + x3  A1
2 5 3 0
49
= A1
30
49
x = 30 dM1
17
6
49
= m * including units A1 *
85
(5)
(8)
Notes
NB: Penalise missing units maximum of once per question.
(a)
1

M1 Use of   (1 + x ) 2 dx . Limits not needed.  is required.

0

A1 Correct integration – limits not needed

Correct given answer correctly obtained. Must include units. Limits must be seen (sight of
17
A1* substitution is not required). Accept  m3
6

(b)
1
M1 Use of   x(1 + x )2dx . Limits not needed (  ’s will cancel so it may not be seen)
0

A1 Correct integration – limits not needed

1 4 1
A1 Correct unsimplified with or without  (may see + + −0)
2 5 3
dM1 Correct expression with their numerator (consistent  - seen in neither or both)
A1* Correct given answer correctly obtained. Must include units.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
2. F cos  = mg
A1
M1
F sin  = T A1
2mgx 2mg ( AB − l )
T= or T = M1
l l
3 2mgx
mg = dM1
4 l
11l
AB = A1
8
(6)
Notes
Resolve vertically or horizontally, correct no. of terms, condone sign errors and sin/cos
M1
confusion (or use trig on a right-angled triangle of forces)
A1 Correct vertical equation
A1 Correct horizontal equation (A2 for T = mg tan  from triangle of forces)
Hooke’s Law. Must clearly be an extension and not AB. Since x is not defined in the question,
M1 3
other extensions may be used including (AB – l ) or xl where x is found to be the constant .
8
Substitute trig (not necessarily correctly) to produce an equation in ‘x’ (and l) only,
dM1
dependent on previous M’s and on having two equations.
A1 Cao Accept 1.375l , 1.4l, 1.38l
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
2
 7a  25a
  + (6a ) ( =
2
3(a) Slant height, l = ) M1
 4  4
Masses
Square 16a2 B1 square
2
 7a 
Circle   B1 circle
 4 
7a 25a
Conical shell  
4 4 B1ft (shell
 2  7a 
2
7a 25a  and total)
Total 16a −    +    
  4  4 4 

Distances Square Circle Conical shell Total

B1
0 0 2a : x
7 a 25a  2  7a 
2
7 a 25a 
   2a = 16a −    +    x M1 A1
4 4   4  4 4 
175 a
x= * A1*
(63 + 128)
(8)
2a
tan  =
3(b)  175 a  M1
 (63 + 128) 
 
126 + 256 2(63 + 128)
tan  = (or ) A1
175 175
(2)
(10)
Notes
(a)
M1 Use of Pythagoras (unsimplified). May be seen on the diagram.
B1 Mass/area of square
B1 Mass/area of circle
Mass/area of conical shell and total. A common error is to use 6a as slant height, only ft on
B1 ft
their calculated slant height. May derive conical shell formula from area of a sector.
B1 All distances correct
Dimensionally correct moments equation. Must have correct number of terms including an
M1
attempt to subtract the circle. Condone a slip with an ‘a’ in one term.
A1 Correct equation (no ft)
Given answer correctly obtained. Condone missing brackets from denominator and terms
A1*
reversed.
(b)
M1 Allow reciprocal. Must use 2a and given x .
A1 Cao Exact fraction required.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
dv
4(a) a=v M1
dx
1 3
3
= (2 x + 1) 2  2  (2 x + 1) 2 = 3(2 x + 1)2 A1
2
3(2 x + 1)2 =243 M1
x=4 A1
(4)
3 4
dx dv
4(b) (2 x + 1) =
2
OR a = 3v =
3 M1 A1
dt dt
−
3 4
−
 dt = (2 x + 1) dx  3dt = v 3 dv
2
M1
−
1 1
−
t = −(2 x + 1) (+C )
2
3t + (C ) = −3v 3 A1

t = 0, x = 0  C = 1 t = 0, x = 0  v = 1  C = −3 M1
and obtain an equation in v and t only.
1
v= A1
(1 − t )3
(6)
(10)
Notes
(a)
dv d 1 
Use of a = v or a =  v 2  . Evidence of differentiation, power decreasing by 1.
M1 dx dx  2 
Should see a product of terms to imply ‘use of’.
A1 Correct differentiation
M1 Independent. Use their result from differentiation and put a = 243 then solve for x
A1 Cao If -5 is seen then it must be rejected or 4 must be clearly identified.
(b)
dx dv
M1 Use of v = to obtain DE in x and t OR Use of a = to obtain DE in v and t
dt dt
A1 Correct equation
M1 Separate and integrate (evidence of integration, power increasing by 1)
A1 Correct integration, condone missing C
M1 Use t = 0, x = 0 to obtain a value of C and obtain an equation in v and t only.
−1
A1 Cao Accept v = (1 − t )−3 or v = or v = −(t − 1)−3
(t − 1) 3

Note: No marks in (b) for use of a = 243

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Use of cosine rule on triangle APB OR trig. on ‘half’ of the triangle APB
5(a) M1
to find one relevant angle.
Given answers correctly obtained.* A1*
(2)
5(b) TA cos30 + TB cos 60 = mg
o o
M1 A1
TA sin 30 + TB sin 60 = mr
o o 2
M1A1A1
3
r = a sin 60o (or r = a 3 cos30 or r = a ) B1
2

Solve for TA dM1

1
TA = m 3(2 g − a 2 ) * A1*
2
(8)
5(c) Attempt to obtain one inequality on  2
M1
Correct inequality A1
Attempt to obtain another inequality on  2 and use both to obtain answer M1
2g 2g
 2  * A1 *
3a a
(4)
(14)
Notes
(a)
M1 Either complete method to obtain one relevant angle.
Correct GIVEN angles correctly obtained. Sufficient annotation/justification leading to both
A1* given answers eg Stating OBP = 2  OAP alone is not sufficient – additional annotation
or justification is required. Use of triangles to verify is acceptable.
(b)
Resolve vertically, dimensionally correct equation with correct no. of terms, condone sign
M1
errors and sin/cos confusion.
A1 Correct equation
Equation of motion horizontally: dimensionally correct equation with correct no. of terms,
M1
condone sign errors and sin/cos confusion.
A1 Correct equation, with at most one error. If r 2 is never seen, this is an A error.
A1 Correct equation
B1 Cao If this is seen in (a) it must be used in (b) for this mark.
dM1 Solve for TA in terms of m, a, g and 
A1* Given answer correctly obtained. Must see exactly.
(c)
Correct use of either TA > 0 or their TB > 0 oe to obtain one inequality on  2 . Could be their
M1
expression for either Tension > 0.
A1 Correct inequality
Use both TA > 0 and their TB > 0 to form inequalities in attempt to obtain answer. Could be
M1 3
their expression for either Tension > 0. Note: TB = ma 2 − mg
2
A1* Given answer correctly obtained
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1 2 1
6(a) mv − mgl or mgl − mv 2 seen or implied B1
2 2
Use of EPE M1
mg 2
l A1
2l
mg
(l 2 − l )2 A1
2l
1 2 mg mg 2
mv + (l 2 − l )2 = mgl + l M1
2 2l 2l
Solve for v2 dM1
v 2 = 2 gl 2 * A1*
(7)
mg (l 2 − l )
(b) T= = mg ( 2 − 1) M1 A1
l
mv 2
 N + T cos 45o = M1A1A1
l
2 m
 N + mg ( 2 − 1)  =  2 gl 2 dM1
2 l
1
N = mg (5 2 − 2)
* A1*
2

(7)
(14)
Notes
(a)
B1 Difference between KE and GPE, seen either way round.
M1 Use of EPE formula at top or at B
A1 Correct EPE at top
A1 Correct EPE at B
M1 Use of conservation of energy, with 1 GPE, 1 KE and 2 EPE terms, condone sign errors
dM1 Solve for v2, dependent on previous M
A1* Exact given answer correctly obtained
(b)
Use of Hooke’s Law at B – this may appear in an attempted equation of
M1
motion
A1 Correct unsimplified tension at B
M1 Equation of motion at B horizontally with correct terms, condone sign errors
A1 Correct equation with at most one error
A1 Correct equation
dM1 Sub for T and v2. Dependent on both previous M marks

A1*
1
( )
Given answer correctly obtained (exactly). If N = − mg 5 2 − 2 then clear justification
2
is required to reach the given answer eg use of ‘magnitude’ or modulus signs.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
7(a) TA − TB = mx M1
2mg  2l  mg  4l  mg  4l  2mg  2l 
 − x −  + x  = mx or  − x −  + x  = mx . dM1A1
l 3  l 3  l 3  l 3 
3g
− x = x , so SHM A1
l
2 l
T= = 2 *
3g 3g M1 A1*
l
(6)
1 3g 1 3 gl
l or 3gl or oe
7(b) 2 l 2 4 B1

(1)
3g
or 1.5g
7(c) 2 B1

(1)
7(d)
x = a cos t => v = −a sin t M1
3
− gl = −a sin t to find t M1A1
4
Solve for t M1

 l
t= oe A1
3 3g

(5)
(13)
Notes
(a)
Equation of motion in a general position, allow a for acceleration, correct no. of terms,
M1
condone sign errors.
Use Hooke’s Law to sub for the two tensions, allow a for acceleration. Extensions must be
dM1 different and of the form (d  x) where d is a multiple of l.
A1 Correct unsimplified equation, allow a for acceleration.
A1 Correct equation using x for acceleration.
2
M1 Use of Their  from their equation of motion, which must be in terms of x.

Given answer correctly obtained – this includes proof of SHM with conclusion and correct
A1*cso
expression for the period.
(b)
Cao Speed at O so must be positive. Unsimplified, ignore errors from subsequent
B1
‘simplifying’ of surds.
(c)
B1 Cao Max acceleration so must be positive.
 (d)
Main
M1 Use of x = a cos t to obtain v = −a sin t Substitution for a and  is not required.
l 3g
a= =
M1 Use v = −a sin t with 2 and l to obtain equation in t only,
3
− gl = −a sin t
4
A1 Correct equation in t only
M1 Solve to find the required time, t
A1 Cao for required time.
ALT 1
M1 Use of x = a sin t to obtain v = a cos t Substitution for a and  is not required.
l 3g 3
a= = gl = a cos t
M1 Use v = a cos t with 2 and l to obtain equation in t only, 4

A1 Correct equation in t only

1
Solve to find t and then subtract from 4 period to find the required time.
M1
 l 1 l   l  l
t=  required time =  2  − =
6 3g 4 3g  6 3g 3 3g
Eg
 l
A1 t=
Cao for required time, 3 3 g oe
ALT2
M1 Use of x = a cos t or use of x = a sin t . Substitution for a and  is not required.
l 3g
a= =
Using v =  (a − x ) with
2 2 2 2
2 and l to obtain equation in x only.
M1 2
 3 
− gl  =  2 (a 2 − x 2 )
 4 
A1 Correct equation in x only. (Solution leads onto the first M mark in (d))
Solves for t and then completes the method to find the required time.
M1 l l  3g 
= cos  t
4 2  l 
e.g. or quarter period with sin method.
 l
A1 t=
Cao for required time, 3 3 g oe
SPECIAL CASE where a = ½ is clearly stated as amplitude and consistently used in (b) (c) & (d)
1 3g
(b) B1
2 l
3g
(c) B1
2l
(d) Maximum M1 M1 A0 M0 A0
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