NAME: MACNA MARA M.

PAYOT COURSE&YEAR: BS CRIMINOLOGY

3A
INSTRUCTOR: ERROL JET ARONG DATE SUBMITTED: DEC. 22,2022

CONDITION OF TRAFFIC/ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

INTRODUCTION
Traffic is the movement as of vehicles or pedestrians through an area or along a
route and everything that uses the road are considered traffic even the infamous road crash or
accident. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, an “accident” is defined as an
unexpected and undesirable event, especially one resulting in damage or harm. Basically, an
unforeseen incident. A “crash” is defined as colliding violently or to strike against something
with great force, causing damage or destruction, or cause something such as a car to strike
against something in this way.
The difference between an “accident” and a “crash” is an “accident” implied something
that was out of your control and unavoidable whereas a “crash” describes a violent collision. A
person who causes a traffic accident could have avoided the incident based on their decisions. It
may as well mean for some unexplained reason; forces of the universe have met at a certain
point in time and place and a result occurred that defies explanation. It means that it has likely
never happened before and will probably never occur again in the future.
There are thousands of traffic crash or accidents claiming lives or even causing
permanent injuries, when a traffic accident occurs, it is often not enough to simply say that
something went wrong, it helps in determining exactly what happened and can help prevent
future traffic accidents. Additionally, traffic accident investigators can provide expert testimony
in trials to hold the correct party accountable for the damage incurred by the traffic accident.
The police will investigate a traffic accident with the intention of determining if any criminal
action took place in the traffic accident. Some of the things the police look for are speeding,
hours-of-service violations, mechanical violations, alcohol use, drug use, etc.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Examine the causes and factors that which contribute to the condition of Traffic or the
other related issues;
- What are probable major causes of Traffic related issues;
- Where and when does the Traffic related issues usually occur;
- How does the population of people affect the condition of Traffic.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The single event theory and the “cause theory” this theory is based on the ‘assumption
that an accident consists of a single event that has a cause. Requires the investigator to search
for “the” cause of one aspect of the accident phenomenon, usually the crash or collision. The
scope of the investigation is limited to this aspect of the phenomenon and the setting, and as
soon as the investigator has “sufficient” evidence to support his conclusion of “cause,” the
investigation is terminated and the report prepared. The method of investigation is usually an
informal, single person, interview dominated data search, and the conclusions reported on a
predetermined check list or accident reporting form. A comprehensive explanation of the
accident is rare, discovery of safety problems even less frequent, and the data are essentially
presented as the investigator’s conclusions, except for the accident identifier data, such as time,
location, etc.
 The multilinear events sequences perspective and the “process theory” defines the
beginning and end of the phenomenon being investigated, and has a method for identifying the
data needed and for testing data relevance as the investigation unfolds. The procedures
incorporate the logic tree benefits, and show time relationships among the events. While the
theory provides for a full explanation of what happened, the needs of the investigator may
require added information to satisfy extensive “why” questions of an institutional or
management nature, and the origins of these influences on the specific phenomenon being
studied.

CASE EVALUATION
In investigating the traffic related incident, the investigator assists the crime scene as to
what happen and how or why does the incident happen, then if there are people who have
serious injuries it will be send to the hospital as soon as possible. Then sketch the area and
conduct interview to witness for investigation purposes. They will also check the license for
both parties (if collusion between two vehicles happen) and violation if not severe then turn
over to the station to continue the investigation, as for the vehicles it will be temporarily in the
possession of the municipality whether it will be impounded (physical evidence) or not if not
severe again. Identify the offender and file a case to the court, for inquest of case (depends of
damages). However, if the incident does not involve other party, it may cause a violation or life
particularly if severe.
Road traffic accidents continue to be a very severe problem, by the fact that it is one the
most common cause of death especially this year. The highest fatal involvement rate are
specifically the oldest drivers while the youngest drivers had the highest rate of involvement in
all police reported crashes mostly are unlicensed, men had a higher risk than women of
experiencing a fatal crash. However, women had higher rates of involvement in injury crashes
and police reported crashes. Crashes or accidents usually occur in the blind curve area of the
roads especially asphalt road. even in under repaired or unrepaired roads particularly in rainy
days or nighttime wherein the vision of the drivers is limited. Above all most vehicle accidents
are caused by human error such as losing control, driving while intoxicated, poor overtaking,
poor turning, texting while driving, and over speeding as well as behaviors brought on by the
driver's irresponsibility, distraction, or physical difficulty.

CONCLUSION
We cannot deny the fact that there are many causes or factors that contributed to traffic
accidents such as inclement weather, lack of street lights especially in nighttime which the
vision is limited, lack of signage or poor maintenance of the roads and highways even the poor
maintenance of the vehicles and human error either due to recklessness or lack of education in
driving skills, even I as one of the traffic roads users. As the population arises the demands or
numbers of motor and vehicles also arises which also makes the condition of our traffic road
crowded, and many young drivers who are inexperience, lack of skill, and risk-taking behaviors
have been associated with the collisions which added a traffic congestion that affects the
condition of the traffic/accident investigation. The human itself must know its role in which are
to provide an understanding of how drivers perform should be in the safe operation of vehicles
and recognizes that driver performance is influenced by many environmental, psychological,
and vehicle design factors.
PROPOSED SOLUTION/RECOMMENDATION
- Improving road safety and condition of traffic through proper pavement
maintenance as quickly as possible since many studies have found that
pavement conditions significantly influence traffic safety.
- Installing more street lights and road signs as many as possible
- Compelled refresher training for drivers and Drug test
- Keep the pets aways from the road if any pets are seen near or on the road the
owner must be punished.
- Sidewalks or shoulder are present in all edges of roads.

REFERENCES

Miranda, M. (2017, August 21). Traffic accident investigations. PInow.com - Find Local
Investigators. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from
https://www.pinow.com/articles/2348/traffic-accident-investigations

http://www.iprr.org/papers/aaam.html
http://www.iprr.org/papers/aaam.html