What is DRY FOG?

It is true fog just like nature makes. Meaning the majority of droplets are between 1 & 10 microns in
diameter. The importance of small droplets is there ability to impact and agglomerate airborne dust
particles so the process material stays dry.

How EFFECTIVE is it?

Fog systems when properly designed and applied can meet or exceed all air quality standards. The EPA
now specifies fogging systems as Best Demonstrated Technology for Sub-bituminous coal. In Wyoming,
fogging systems are considered B.A.C.T. (Best Available Control Technology) for conveyors transporting
PRB Coal, giving it a Zero Visible Emission Rating. At Rollover Rail Car Dumpers for PRB Coal, DSI has
achieved reductions of over 96% as reported in Power Magazine .

Will this WET the material?

Dry Fog is designed to only agglomerate to airborne dust, not wet the material being handled. Typical
moisture addition to the material is less than 0.05%. It has been estimated that our nozzle design can
create enough fog to cover the area of 1/2 a football field with One Gallon of Water!

Slip stream effect

Does it work with HYDROPHOBIC materials like COAL DUST?

Yes, Dry Fog is the system of choice and is Best Demonstrated Technology for sub-bituminous western
coals like PRB Coal. It used for other hydrophobic materials such as pet coke and fly ash. We make water
droplets the same size as the airborne particles overcoming any surface tension issues. The Colorado
School of Mines reported their research on the how droplet size effects dust suppression in a 1976 issue
of Coal Age Magazine .

Can fog be used on MOISTURE SENSITIVE MATERIALS?

Dry Fog has been used specifically for a variety of moisture sensitive materials such as Clay, Nitrates,
Limestone, Clinker, and even Cement. We evaluate site-specific conditions to determine Dry fog
applicability with some of these materials. Typically, with moisture sensitive materials, Dry Fog works
better on large open areas such as ship holds & dump pockets than it does with enclosed conveyor belts
where it is possible for agglomerated material to build up and harden.

Is there a BTU PENALTY for FUEL HANDLING systems?

Dry Fog has the lowest BTU Penalty (chart source Martin Engineering) of any dust suppression
system by far. Power Plant Operators report that they have not been able to detect any perceivable
increase in moisture to the coal.

Do I need CHEMICALS like SURFACTANTS or BINDERS to make this work?

With Dr Fog, no chemicals are used. Chemical systems can have a Damaging Effect (see article) on
conveyor belts. Surfactants are designed to break up the surface tension of the water droplet to
increase its distribution into the material. Dry Fog produces microscopic droplets that collide with
airborne particles and have very little surface tension. Binders are designed to make the material stick
together. Dry Fog agglomerates like size droplets to dust particles and the electrical charges present.

Can fog be used at DUMP POCKETS?

Yes, Dry Fog is often the only practical solution for Dump Pockets. We fill the pocket with fog prior to
the dump and continue the fog output through the duration of the dump cycle. At PRB Coal Rollover Rail
dumps we have achieved reductions in excess of 96%! DSI can evaluate the feasibility of controlling dust
from your dump pocket.

Can Fog be used at STACK OUT conveyors?

There are several issues with using Dry Fog at Stack Out Conveyor Discharge Points. Generally, there are
three sources of dust generation:

(1) separation of the fines coming off of the belt,

(2) separation of the fines as the material freefalls and

Typically, we can indicate to our customer's the feasibility of using Dry Fog at Stack Out Conveyors given
drawings and photographs. DustTamer Wind Fence Systems are another control measure we use for
storage piles.

Will it work with DUST COLLECTION systems?

Dry Fog is designed as a stand-alone dust suppression system and typically replaces the bag-house.
Collection can be used upstream or downstream of the fog application point as long as it is far enough
away to prevent the fog from being sucked into the collector.

Is there a CARRY OVER effect to prevent dust generation downstream of the

Because Dry Fog is designed to treat only the airborne dust using microns sized droplets, very little
moisture addition takes place, so there is little if any Carry Over Effect.

Dry Fog is injected into each point of dust creation similar to a bag-house collection system.

Do I need source of COMPRESSED AIR, if so how much and what quality is

Yes, you need an adequate supply of compressed air at 80 to 90 PSI. The volume of air required is
determined by the quantity of nozzles and type of nozzle selected for the application. Instrument air is
not required as we are able to filter most air sources within our system.

What WATER PRESSURE does it require?

Dry Fog systems operate between 7 and 15 pounds water pressure. We typically ask for a source that
maintains around 50 PSI water pressure.

What keeps the nozzles from PLUGGING?

In addition to our standard two-stage filtration for water and compressed air, the nozzle design
itself has many features to prevent plugging:

1. There are 4 to 8 water orifices per nozzle, each being .028 inches in diameter or larger.
2. Our fine atomization occurs outside of the nozzle via sound waves as opposed to
squeezing water through an orifice to atomize.
3. The shock wave produced by the nozzle design to shatter the droplets to a micron size,
vibrates the nozzle like a sonic cleaner.
 4. Using low water pressure means the low-pressure drop from 15 lbs maximum delivery
pressure reduces the chance for nozzle plugging minerals to come out of suspension (like
what happens with high pressure nozzles).

How many TYPES OF NOZZLES do you have?

D.S.I. is unique in that we offer four different flow rated Dry Fog nozzles. These nozzles are
interchangeable within our system, so we can adjust the amount of fog output per nozzle to site-
specific conditions. Our Nozzle Specification Chart indicates where each nozzle is typically used
along with associated air and water Flow Rates.

NOZZLE SPECIFICATIONS

Note: All Nozzles Are the Same Physical Size & Fit Into the Same Adaptor.
Nozzle Assembly - Dsn 3
Nominal Flow Rate: 3.5 Gal./Hr. (13.25 Liters/Hr.)
Air Consumption: 3 Scfm@70 Psi (5.1 Cubic Meters/Hr.)
Air Orifice Dia: .052 Inches (1.3 Mm)
Applications: Transfer Points With Low Fines
Confined Areas
Miscellaneous Low Flow Applications
Nozzle Assembly - Dsn 6
Nominal Flow Rate: 8 Gal./Hr. (30.25 Liters/Hr.)
Air Consumption: 7.5 Scfm@70 Psi (12.7 Cubic Meters/Hr.)
Air Orifice Dia: .078 Inches (1.98 Mm)
Applications: Transfer Points With High Fines
Protected Dumping Areas
Miscellaneous Med. Flow Applications
Nozzle Assembly - Dsn 10
Nominal Flow Rate: 11 Gal./Hr. (41.6 Liters/Hr.)
Air Consumption: 9.5 Scfm@70 Psi (16.1 Cubic Meters/Hr.)
Air Orifice Dia: .086 Inches (2.18 Mm)
Applications: Large, Unconfined Dumping Areas
Ship & Cargo Loading & Unloading
Miscellaneous High Flow Applications

What WATER Quality does it require?

We ask for the best available safe water source as volume requirements are low and cleaner water will
extend filter life. Water should be free of harmful contaminates and as clean as possible. We realize
that all water systems are subject to particulate so DSI provides a permanent media primary filter with
an automatic back flush coupled with secondary disposable filters as a standard feature. Dual parallel
bypass filters are available for uninterrupted operation.

Does WIND affect the fog?

For open dump pockets we sometimes require a DustTamer Wind Screen to reduce the effects of wind
and displaced air caused by the dump. This shields the dump pocket from ambient wind and increases
fog and dust retention time.

Will it work in FREEZING Temperatures?

Dry Fog works very well in below freezing conditions. Fog droplets lack sufficient mass to freeze. This
phenomenon is known as Cloud Physics. The system components can be protected via insulated
enclosures with self-regulating heaters and heat tracing as well as an automatic purge system upon
system shutdown.

Will I need a WATER PUMP?

o water pumps are typically required. We ask for a minimum of 30 PSI water at the elevation of fog
application. DSI can supply water pumps and storage tanks if required.