SHEET METAL SHOP

WHAT IS A SHEET?
• Foil t<0.15 mm

• Sheet 0.15 mm<t<6.35mm

• Plate t>6.35 mm
PRODUCTS USING SHEET METAL SHOP
MATERIAL USED
 Black Iron
 Galvanized Iron (Zn coated iron)

 Stainless steel (Chromium coated iron)

 Copper

 Aluminum

 Tin

 Lead
 SHEETMETAL
SHEET METALHAND
HAND TOOLS
TOOLS

Categories:-
1. Measuring & Marking Tools
2. Cutting Tools
3. Striking Tools
4. Supporting Tools
 SHEET METAL HAND TOOLS
i Steel Rule: It is made of hardened
steel and used for taking linear
measurements of articles to an
accuracy from 1 to 0.5 mm.
ii Folding Rule: This is very useful in
measuring and laying out larger
work with 0.5 mm accuracy.
iii Steel Circumference Rule: It is
used to find out directly the
circumference of a cylinder.
iv Swing Blade Protractor: used for
marking and measuring angle
 SHEET METAL HAND TOOLS
v. Vernier Caliper: used for
measuring both inside and
outside dimensions upto 0.02
mm.
vi. Micrometer Caliper: used to
measure the thickness of metal
sheets accurately upto 0.01
mm.
vii. Thickness Gauge: also called slip
gauge and used to measure the
clearance between parts during
assembly
viii. Sheet Metal Gauge: used to
measure the thickness of sheets
 SHEET METAL HAND TOOLS
2. Straight Edge: is a flat
graduated steel bar with one
longitudinal edge bevelled. It
is useful for scribing long
straight lines.
3. Steel Square: made of
hardened steel. It is used for
marking in the perpendicular
direction to any base line.
 SHEET METAL HAND TOOLS
4. Scriber: also known as metal
worker’s pencil. It has one
hardened sharp pointed edge
to scratch line on sheet metal.
5. Dividers: used for drawing
circles , arc on sheet metal and
also used to mark a desired
distance between two points.
6. Trammel Points: consist of a bar
with two movable heads. It is
used to draw large circles or
arcs that are beyond the limit
of the dividers.
 SHEET METAL HAND TOOLS
7.Punch: used for marking out
work, locating centers etc.
Prick punches is used to make
small marks on layout lines.
Centre punch is used to make prick
punch markers larger at the
centre holes that are to be
drilled
Hand lever punch is used for
marking holes with a punch
and die incorporated in the
tool when a large number of
holes are to be punched.
 SHEET METAL HAND TOOLS
8. Chisel: used for
cutting sheets, rivets,
bolts and chipping
operations. The flat
flat chisel
chisel and round nose
chisel are most
widely used in sheet
metal works. round nose chisel
 SHEET METAL HAND TOOLS
9. Hammers: used for forming
shape by raising, stretching
or throwing off.
Types: Riveting Hammer
1. Riveting hammer: used for
riveting
2. Setting hammer: used for Setting Hammer
setting down the edge while
making a double seam
3. Raising hammer: used for
forming of a flat sheet of metal
into a curved or hollow shape like Raising Hammer
spoon.
 SHEET METAL HAND TOOLS
9a. Mallet: used to strike a light
and soft blow on metal.
-this is soft hammer made of
rubber, copper, brass, wood Mallet

etc.
10. Snips or shears: used to cut thin
Snips
sheets.
11. Stakes: sheet metal worker’s
anvils ,i.e., supporting tool.

Stakes
 SHEET METAL HAND TOOLS
12. Pliers: used for holding,
bending and cutting work.
Plires
13. Hand Groover: used for grooves
and flatten a seam

14. Rivet Set: a hardened steel tool Groover

with hollow in one end.

Rivet Set
 SHEET METAL OPERATIONS
1. Shearing
2. Bending
3. Drawing
4. Squeezing
 SHEET METAL OPERATIONS
1. Shearing: it has three
basic stages-
A. Plastic Deformation
B. Fracture
C. Shear
This procedure gives a
clean edge on the piece
of metal.
 1. SHEARING
Some basic shearing
operations are:
A Cutting off: cutting off a
piece from a strip A

B Parting: cutting a strip

D. Punching:
It is a cutting operation by which
various shaped holes are made
in the sheet metal.
In this operation, the hole is the
required operation and the
material punched out is the
scrap.
 1. SHEARING
E Notching: removing the E
metal from the edge of
sheet metal.
F Slitting: In this shearing F
is conducted between
rotary blades.
G Lancing: This makes a G
cut part way across a
strip.
H Trimming: cutting away H
excess material or flash
from a piece.
 2. BENDING
Bending is the creation of a
formed feature by angular
displacement of a sheet metal
work piece.
It incorporates to
• angle banding
• roll bending
• roll forming
• seaming
SHEET METAL BENDS
 3. DRAWING
It is the operation of
producing cup shaped
products from flat metal
sheet.
It is divided into two parts:
1 Deep Drawing: in this
the length of object is
higher than its width
2 Shallow Drawing: in this
the length of object is
lesser than its width
 4. SQUEEZING
In this operation, the metal is squeezed within
the cavity of the die and the punch to attain the
desired shape.
 SHEET METAL JOINTS
1.Hem:
“A hem is an edge or border
made by folding.”
Hems are commonly used Single Hem
to reinforce an edge, hide
burrs and rough edges, and
improve appearance.
Types:
Double Hem
1. Single Hem
2. Double Hem
3. Wired Hem
Wired Hem
 SHEET METAL JOINTS
2. Seams:
“A seam is a joint made
by fastening two edges
together.”
Seams are commonly
used in the food
industry on canned
goods, on amusement
park cars, and in the
automotive industry.
 SHEET METAL JOINTS
Types of Seam:
A Lap Seam: it can prepare
a lap joint by means of LAP SEAM

soldering.
B Grooved Seam: made by
hooking two hems and
locking them by groover.
C Single Seam: used to join GROOVED SEAM
bottom to vertical
bodies of various
shapes. SINGLE SEAM
 SHEET METAL JOINTS
D Double Seam: it is like
single seam except that
is formed edge is bent
upward against the
body.
E Dovetail Seam: similar to
DOUBLE SEAM
dove tail joint and used
to join flat plate to a
cylindrical piece.
F. Burred bottom Seam:
used to join bottom of
container to its body. DOVETAIL SEAM
 SHEET METAL JOINTS
3.Notch:
“A notch is a cut made
on edge of sheet metal
so that edges can be
folded without
overlapping.”

Types of Notch
JOB – SHEET METAL SHOP
 Objective: To develop a can from the required
material using sheet metal operations.