SYLLOGISM

1. All politicians are public figures. Some public figures are famous. Therefore,
a) Some politicians are famous.
b) No politicians are famous.
c) All famous people are politicians.
d) Some famous people are not public figures.

2. No birds are mammals. All bats are mammals. Therefore,

a) No bats are birds.
b) Some bats are birds.
c) All mammals are birds.
d) Some mammals are not birds.

3. All snakes are reptiles. Some reptiles are venomous. Therefore,

a) Some snakes are venomous.
b) No snakes are venomous.
c) All venomous creatures are snakes.
d) Some venomous creatures are not reptiles.

4. No mountains are oceans. All oceans are bodies of water. Therefore,

a) No bodies of water are mountains.
b) Some bodies of water are mountains.
c) All mountains are bodies of water.
d) Some bodies of water are not oceans.

5. All lawyers are professionals. Some professionals are well-paid. Therefore,

a) Some lawyers are well-paid.
b) No lawyers are well-paid.
c) All well-paid people are lawyers.
d) Some well-paid people are not professionals.

6. No roses are blue. All violets are blue. Therefore,

a) No violets are roses.
b) Some violets are roses.
c) All blue things are roses.
d) Some blue things are not violets.

7. All actors are performers. Some performers are dancers. Therefore,

a) Some actors are dancers.
b) No actors are dancers.
c) All dancers are actors.
d) Some dancers are not performers.

8. No insects have fur. All cats have fur. Therefore,

a) No cats are insects.
b) Some cats are insects.
c) All fur-bearing creatures are insects.
d) Some fur-bearing creatures are not cats.

9. All politicians are talkative. Some talkative people are annoying. Therefore,
a) Some politicians are annoying.
b) No politicians are annoying.
c) All annoying people are politicians.
d) Some annoying people are not talkative.

10. No circles are squares. All squares are polygons. Therefore,

a) No polygons are circles.
b) Some polygons are circles.
c) All circles are polygons.
d) Some polygons are not squares.

11. All swans are birds. Some birds can swim. Therefore,
a) Some swans can swim.
b) No swans can swim.
c) All swimming creatures are swans.
d) Some swimming creatures are not birds.

12. No stars are planets. All planets are celestial bodies. Therefore,
a) No celestial bodies are stars.
b) Some celestial bodies are stars.
c) All stars are celestial bodies.
d) Some celestial bodies are not planets.

13. All trees have roots. Some roots are underground. Therefore,
a) Some trees are underground.
 b) No trees are underground.
c) All underground things are trees.
d) Some underground things are not roots.

14. No elephants can fly. All birds can fly. Therefore,

a) No birds are elephants.
b) Some birds are elephants.
c) All flying creatures are elephants.
d) Some flying creatures are not birds.

15. All doctors are professionals. Some professionals wear white coats. Therefore,
a) Some doctors wear white coats.
b) No doctors wear white coats.
c) All people in white coats are doctors.
d) Some people in white coats are not professionals.

16. No rivers are deserts. All deserts are dry. Therefore,

a) No dry places are rivers.
b) Some dry places are rivers.
c) All rivers are dry.
d) Some dry places are not deserts.

17. All bicycles have wheels. Some vehicles have wheels. Therefore,
a) Some bicycles are vehicles.
b) All vehicles are bicycles.
c) No vehicles are bicycles.
d) Some vehicles are not wheels.

18. No dogs are cats. All cats have tails. Therefore,

a) No tails are dogs.
b) Some tails are dogs.
c) All dogs have tails.
d) Some tails are not cats.

19. All doctors have stethoscopes. Some stethoscopes are black. Therefore,
a) Some doctors have black stethoscopes.
b) No doctors have black stethoscopes.
c) All black stethoscopes are doctors'.
d) Some black stethoscopes are not doctors'.

20. No sharks are mammals. All whales are mammals. Therefore,

a) No whales are sharks.
b) Some whales are sharks.
c) All mammals are sharks.
d) Some mammals are not whales.

ANSWER KEY:

1) Correct answer: a) Some politicians are famous.

Rationale: The first premise states that all politicians are public figures. The second premise states that some public figures
are famous. Therefore, it can be concluded that some politicians are famous.

2) Correct answer: a) No bats are birds.

Rationale: The first premise states that no birds are mammals. The second premise states that all bats are mammals.
Therefore, it can be concluded that no bats are birds.

3) Correct answer: a) Some snakes are venomous.

Rationale: The first premise states that all snakes are reptiles. The second premise states that some reptiles are venomous.
Therefore, it can be concluded that some snakes are venomous.

4) Correct answer: a) No bodies of water are mountains.

Rationale: The first premise states that no mountains are oceans. The second premise states that all oceans are bodies of
water. Therefore, it can be concluded that no bodies of water are mountains.

5) Correct answer: a) Some lawyers are well-paid.

Rationale: The first premise states that all lawyers are professionals. The second premise states that some professionals are
well-paid. Therefore, it can be concluded that some lawyers are well-paid.

6) Correct answer: a) No violets are roses.

 Rationale: The first premise states that no roses are blue. The second premise states that all violets are blue. Therefore, it can
be concluded that no violets are roses.

7) Correct answer: a) Some actors are dancers.

Rationale: The first premise states that all actors are performers. The second premise states that some performers are dancers.
Therefore, it can be concluded that some actors are dancers.

8) Correct answer: a) No cats are insects.

Rationale: The first premise states that no insects have fur. The second premise states that all cats have fur. Therefore, it can
be concluded that no cats are insects.

9) Correct answer: a) Some politicians are annoying.

Rationale: The first premise states that all politicians are talkative. The second premise states that some talkative people are
annoying. Therefore, it can be concluded that some politicians are annoying.

10) Correct answer: a) No polygons are circles.

Rationale: The first premise states that no circles are squares. The second premise states that all squares are polygons.
Therefore, it can be concluded that no polygons are circles.

11) Correct answer: a) Some swans can swim.

Rationale: The first premise states that all swans are birds. The second premise states that some birds can swim. Therefore, it
can be concluded that some swans can swim.

12) Correct answer: a) No celestial bodies are stars.

Rationale: The first premise states that no stars are planets. The second premise states that all planets are celestial bodies.
Therefore, it can be concluded that no celestial bodies are stars.

13) Correct answer: a) Some trees are underground.

Rationale: The first premise states that all trees have roots. The second premise states that some roots are underground.
Therefore, it can be concluded that some trees are underground.

14) Correct answer: a) No birds are elephants.

Rationale: The first premise states that no elephants can fly. The second premise states that all birds can fly. Therefore, it can
be concluded that no birds are elephants.

15) Correct answer: a) Some doctors wear white coats.

Rationale: The first premise states that all doctors are professionals. The second premise states that some professionals wear
white coats. Therefore, it can be concluded that some doctors wear white coats.

16) Correct answer: a) No dry places are rivers.

Rationale: The first premise states that no rivers are deserts. The second premise states that all deserts are dry. Therefore, it
can be concluded that no dry places are rivers.

17) Correct answer: a) Some bicycles are vehicles.

Rationale: The first premise states that all bicycles have wheels. The second premise states that some vehicles have wheels.
Therefore, it can be concluded that some bicycles are vehicles.

18) Correct answer: a) No tails are dogs.

Rationale: The first premise states that no dogs are cats. The second premise states that all cats have tails. Therefore, it can be
concluded that no tails are dogs.

19) Correct answer: a) Some doctors have black stethoscopes.

Rationale: The first premise states that all doctors have stethoscopes. The second premise states that some stethoscopes are
black. Therefore, it can be concluded that some doctors have black stethoscopes.

20) Correct answer: a) No whales are sharks.

 Rationale: The first premise states that no sharks are mammals. The second premise states that all whales are mammals.
Therefore, it can be concluded that no whales are sharks.

ANALOGY

1. pill : bore :: core : ______

a. center
b. mug
c. bar
d. placebo

2. pilfer : steal :: ______ : equip

a. return
b. damage
c. exercise
d. furnish

3. native : aboriginal ::
naïve : ______
a. learned
b. arid
c. unsophisticated
d. tribe

4. junket : ______ :: junk : trash

a. trounce
b. trip
c. refuse
d. trinket

5. ______ : festive ::
funeral : somber
a. tension
b. soiree
c. eulogy
d. sari

6. fetish : fixation ::
slight : ______
a. flirt
b. sloth
c. insult
d. confuse

7. hovel : dirty :: hub : ______

a. unseen
b. prideful
c. busy
d. shovel

8. bog : ______ ::
slumber : sleep
a. dream
b. foray
c. marsh
d. night

9. ______ : segue ::
throng : mass
a. subway
b. church
c. transition
d. line
10. ragtime : United States ::
raga : ______
a. cloth
b. country
c. piano
d. India

11. miserly : cheap ::

homogeneous : ______
a. extravagant
b. unkind
c. alike
d. friendly

12. skew : gloomy ::

slant : ______
a. glee
b. foible
c. desperate
d. gloaming

13. eider : ______ :: cedar : tree

a. snow
b. plant
c. duck
d. pine

14. gerrymander : divide ::

filibuster : ______
a. bend
b. punish
c. delay
d. rush

15. vapid : ______ :: rapid : swift

a. inspired
b. turgid
c. wet
d. insipid

16. denim : cotton ::

______ : flax
a. sheep
b. uniform
c. sweater
d. linen

17. obscene : coarse ::

obtuse : ______
a. subject
b. obstinate
c. obscure
d. stupid

18. diamond : baseball ::

court : ______
a. poker
b. jury
c. grass
d. squash

19. quixotic : pragmatic ::

murky : ______
a. rapid
b. cloudy
c. clear
d. friendly

20. smear : libel :: heed : ______

a. represent
b. doubt
c. consider
d. need

ANSWER KEY:
1. a. A pill is another word for a bore, and a core is another word for
a center.
2. d. To pilfer means to steal, and to furnish means to equip.
3. c. Native is a synonym for aboriginal, and naïve is a synonym for
unsophisticated.
4. b. A junket is a synonym for a trip, and junk is a synonym for
trash.
5. b. A soiree is described as festive, and a funeral is described as
somber.
6. c. A fetish is a synonym for a fixation, and a slight is a synonym for
an insult.
7. c. A hovel is described as dirty, and a hub is described as busy.
8. c. A bog is a synonym for a marsh, and slumber is a synonym for
sleep.
9. c. A transition is a synonym for a segue, and a throng is a
synonym for a mass.
10. d. Ragtime is a type of music from the United States, and raga is a
type of music from India.
11. c. Miserly is another word for cheap, and homogeneous is another
word for alike.
12. c. To skew is a synonym of to slant, and to be gloomy is a
synonym for desperate.
13. c. An eider is a type of duck, and a cedar is a type of tree.
14. c. To gerrymander is a political term meaning to divide land, and
to filibuster is to delay legislature.
15. d. Vapid is another word for insipid, and rapid is another word for
swift.
16. d. Denim is a fabric made from cotton, and linen is a fabric made
from flax.
17. d. Obscene is a synonym for coarse, and obtuse is a synonym for
stupid.
18. d. Baseball is played on a diamond, and squash is played on a
court.
19. c. Quixotic is an antonym for pragmatic, and murky is an antonym
for clear.
20. c. To smear is a synonym of “to libel”, and “to heed” is a synonym of
to consider.

CONDITIONALS

I. Finish the sentences. Use the correct phrases.

1) If Amy does the washing up,

a) her brother will clear the table.
b) her brother would clear the table.
c) her brother would have cleared the table.

2) If he learned the new words,

a) he can get a good mark in the test.
b) he could get a good mark in the test.
c) he could have got a good mark in the test.

3) I would go to the party

a) if you come with me.
b) if you came with me.
c) if you had come with me.

4) If we had seen the film,

a) we will not buy the DVD.
b) we would not buy the DVD.
c) we would not have bought the DVD.

5) My uncle would stay longer in York

a) if he has more time.
b) if he had more time.
c) if he had had more time.
6) The teacher will not be happy
a) if we forget our homework again.
b) if we forgot our homework again.
c) if we had forgotten our homework again.
7) If I were you,
a) I will not play hockey.
b) I would not play hockey.
c) I would not have played hockey.
8) If you drove from Paris to Lisbon,
a) which way will you go?
b) which way would you go?
c) which way would you have gone?
9) If you wait a minute,
a) I'll go with you.
b) I'd go with you.
c) I'd have gone go with you.
10) You would have slept much better
a) if you will take your medicine.
b) if you took your medicine.
c) if you had taken your medicine.

Put in the correct verb forms.

1) If the weather had been better, we _______________ (to come) by bike.
2) If you were older, you _______________ (to go) to the party.
3) If Alice _______________ (to have) more money, she would go to Africa.
4) John's mother _______________ (to have) more time for him if he does the washing up.
5) If Steven had taken his camera, he _______________ (to take) nice pictures.
6) They will stay longer in Paris if they _______________ (to find) a cheap hotel.
7) If Brian _______________ (to like) horses, he could ride well.
8) If Sarah _______________ (not/to eat) so much junk food, she could have been in the school
hockey team.
9) He can write good stories if he _______________ (to feel) like it.
10) If you listened carefully, you _______________ (to know) about it.
ANSWER KEY:
Finish the sentences. Use the correct phrases.
1) If Amy does the washing up,
a) her brother will clear the table.
b) her brother would clear the table.
c) her brother would have cleared the table.
2) If he learned the new words,
a) he can get a good mark in the test.
b) he could get a good mark in the test.
c) he could have got a good mark in the test.
3) I would go to the party
a) if you come with me.
b) if you came with me.
c) if you had come with me.
4) If we had seen the film,
a) we will not buy the DVD.
b) we would not buy the DVD.
c) we would not have bought the DVD.
5) My uncle would stay longer in York
a) if he has more time.
b) if he had more time.
c) if he had had more time.
6) The teacher will not be happy
a) if we forget our homework again.
b) if we forgot our homework again.
c) if we had forgotten our homework again.
7) If I were you,
a) I will not play hockey.
b) I would not play hockey.
c) I would not have played hockey.
8) If you drove from Paris to Lisbon,
a) which way will you go?
b) which way would you go?
c) which way would you have gone?
9) If you wait a minute,
a) I'll go with you.
b) I'd go with you.
c) I'd have gone go with you.
10) You would have slept much better
a) if you will take your medicine.
b) if you took your medicine.
c) if you had taken your medicine.
Put in the correct verb forms.
1) If the weather had been better, we __would have come__ by bike.
2) If you were older, you __could go__ to the party.
3) If Alice __had__ more money, she would go to Africa.
4) John's mother __will have__ more time for him if he does the washing up.
5) If Steven had taken his camera, he __would have taken__ nice pictures. also correct: 'd have taken or could
have taken or might have taken
6) They will stay longer in Paris if they __find__ a cheap hotel.
7) If Brian __liked__ horses, he could ride well.
8) If Sarah __had not eaten__ so much junk food, she could have been in the school hockey team.
also correct: hadn't eaten
9) He can write good stories if he __feels__ like it.
10) If you listened carefully, you __would know__ about it. also correct: 'd know or could know or might know or
should know

(Sir Jeff, the answer keys for the following parts/categories of this reviewer are in the brown envelop of reviewers you
collected from me in March days after my first facilitation sa review.)

VOCABULARY

Directions: Supply the blanks with words that best complete the sentences below.

1. She hadn’t eaten all day, and by the time she got home she was
______.
a. blighted
b. confutative
c. ravenous
d. ostentatious
e. blissful

2. The movie offended many of the parents of its younger viewers by

including unnecessary ______ in the dialogue.
a. vulgarity
b. verbosity
c. vocalizations
d. garishness
e. tonality
3. His neighbors found his ______ manner bossy and irritating, and
they stopped inviting him to backyard barbeques.
a. insentient
b. magisterial
c. reparatory
d. restorative
e. modest

4. Steven is always ______ about showing up for work because he

feels that tardiness is a sign of irresponsibility.
a. legible
b. tolerable
c. punctual
d. literal
e. belligerent

5. Candace would ______ her little sister into an argument by teasing

her and calling her names.
a. advocate
b. provoke
c. perforate
d. lamente
e. expunge

6. The dress Ariel wore ______ with small, glassy beads, creating a
shimmering effect.
a. titillated
b. reiterated
c. scintillated
d. enthralled
e. striated

7. Being able to afford this luxury car will ______ getting a betterpaying job.
a. maximize
b. recombinant
c. reiterate
d. necessitate
e. reciprocate

8. Levina unknowingly ______ the thief by holding open the elevator

doors and ensuring his escape.
a. coerced
b. proclaimed
c. abetted
d. sanctioned
e. solicited

9. Shakespeare, a(n) ______ writer, entertained audiences by writing

many tragic and comic plays.
a. numeric
b. obstinate
c. dutiful
d. prolific
e. generic

10. I had the ______ experience of sitting next to an over-talkative

passenger on my flight home from Brussels.
a. satisfactory
b. commendable
c. galling
d. acceptable
e. acute
11. Prince Phillip had to choose: marry the woman he loved and ______
his right to the throne, or marry Lady Fiona and inherit the crown.
a. reprimand
b. upbraid
c. abdicate
d. winnow
e. extol

12. If you will not do your work of your own ______, I have no choice
but to penalize you if it is not done on time.
a. predilection
b. coercion
c. excursion
d. volition
e. infusion

13. After sitting in the sink for several days, the dirty, food-encrusted
dishes became ______.
a. malodorous
b. prevalent
c. imposing
d. perforated
e. emphatic

14. Giulia soon discovered the source of the ______ smell in the room:
a week-old tuna sandwich that one of the children had hidden in
the closet.
a. quaint
b. fastidious
c. clandestine
d. laconic
e. fetid

15. After making ______ remarks to the President, the reporter was
not invited to return to the White House pressroom.
a. hospitable
b. itinerant
c. enterprising
d. chivalrous
e. irreverent

16. With her ______ eyesight, Krystyna spotted a trio of deer on the
hillside and she reduced the speed of her car.
a. inferior
b. keen
c. impressionable
d. ductile
e. conspiratorial

17. With a(n) ______ grin, the boy quickly slipped the candy into his
pocket without his mother’s knowledge.
a. jaundiced b. nefarious c. stereotypical d. sentimental e. impartial

18. Her ______ display of tears at work did not impress her new boss,
who felt she should try to control her emotions.
a. maudlin
b. meritorious
c. precarious
d. plausible
e. schematic

19. Johan argued, “If you know about a crime but don’t report it, you
are ______ in that crime because you allowed it to happen.”
a. acquitted
b. steadfast
c. tenuous
d. complicit
e. nullified

20. The authorities, fearing a ______ of their power, called for a

military state in the hopes of restoring order.
a. subversion
b. premonition
c. predilection
d. infusion
e. inversion

SYNONYMS

Directions: Select the word that is most similar in meaning to the

word provided.

1. improvident
a. cautious b. fortunate c. proven d. intelligent

2. demur
a. embrace
b. crude
c. boisterous
d. falter

3. fatuous
a. crafty
b. frugal
c. sensible
d. inane

4. quiescent
a. lackadaisical
b. active
c. dull
d. prescient

5. sartorial
a. cheerful
b. sincere
c. inelegant
d. homespun

6. sapient
a. hunched
b. strong
c. simple
d. simian

7. matutinal
a. paternal
b. crepuscular
c. maritime
d. marsupial

8. impecunious
a. wealthy
b. cautious
c. hungry
d. tardy

9. modest most nearly means

a. attractive
b. clever
c. current
d. humble

10. custom most nearly means

a. dessert
b. habit
c. ethic
d. deliver

11. prolong most nearly means

a. extend
b. inquire
c. relax
d. wait

12. hustle most nearly means

a. dance
b. hurry
c. busy
d. clean

13. solemn most nearly means

a. amusing
b. harmful
c. speech
d. serious

14. imply most nearly means

a. suggest
b. stab
c. thick
d. destroy

15. ramble most nearly means

a. knot
b. confuse
c. wander
d. wonder

16. beneficial most nearly means

a. help
b. advantageous
c. charity
d. wise

17. flare most nearly means

a. judicial
b. temper
c. style
d. blaze

18. resolve most nearly means

a. turn
b. puzzle
c. decide
d. want

19. negligent most nearly means

a. pajamas
b. morbid
c. careless
d. dark

20. aloof most nearly means

a. above
b. tidy
c. clever
d. reserved

ANTONYMS

Directions: Select the word that is most dissimilar in meaning to the

word provided.

301. tragic
a. boring
b. mysterious
c. comic
d. incredulous

302. able
a. willful
b. inept
c. careful
d. feasible

303. tireless
a. exhausted
b. unfailing
c. broke
d. driving

304. wean
a. flourish
b. flush
c. strengthen
d. addict

305. haste
a. delay
b. frugal
c. debauchery
d. solemnity

306. malice
a. goodwill
b. bitterness
c. coddle
d. distress

307. permanent
a. loose
b. fierce
c. fleeting
d. unhappy

308. attain
a. crave
b. lose
c. harbor
d. credit

309. taint
a. cheer
b. worry
c. clear
d. purify

310. belittle
a. plain
b. detract
c. magnify
d. torment

311. tedious
a. unwavering
b. frightening
c. horrible
d. pleasurable

312. license
a. restriction
b. allow
c. join
d. gather

313. frivolous
a. pious
b. inexpensive
c. serious
d. contemptuous

314. plain
a. meadow
b. ugly
c. lovely
d. unadorned

315. denounce
a. covet
b. condemn
c. blame
d. deplore

316. contrary
a. urbane
b. agreeable
c. unpleasant
d. despicable

317. glower
a. prairie
b. smile
c. raise
d. throw
318. exacting
a. upright
b. lenient
c. sober
d. general

319. curtail
a. remain
b. detain
c. placate
d. prolong

320. eminent
a. imminent
b. obscure
c. retire
d. unsure
CONDITIONALS
Discussion is video-aided. Video source: https://youtu.be/z_L80p8WbLM

TYPES OF CONDITIONALS
The four main types of conditionals are:
The Zero Conditional, the First Conditional, the Second Conditional, and the Third Conditional.
Sometimes these are called Type 0, Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 Conditionals.
We will quickly introduce them in this lesson and go into more detail about each conditional in individual
lessons.

The Zero Conditional

This involves the present simple + present simple
This is used for facts that are generally true or scientific facts.
The condition always has the same result.
 If you stand in the rain, you get wet. (This is generally true)
 If you heat ice, it melts. (This is a fact)
The First Conditional
This involves the present simple + will / won’t + verb
This is used to express a possible situation in the future.
We are predicting a likely result in the future if the condition happens.
For example:
 If it rains, we will cancel the trip.
(This is the likely result in the future if it rains)
 If you study, you will pass the exam.
(Again, I predict that this will happen in the future if you study)
The Second Conditional
This involves the past simple + would + verb
This is used for hypothetical or unlikely situations.
Also for unreal or improbable situations now or in the future.
 If I won the lottery, I would travel a lot.
(It is unlikely that I will win the lottery. But in this hypothetical, though improbable situation, this is what I
would do)
 If they sold their house, they would be rich.
(It is unlikely that they will sell the house because they like living there. However, in this improbable situation
of them selling the house, they would become rich)
The Third Conditional
This involves the past perfect + would have + past participle
This is used when a person is imagining a different past, an imaginary situation that did not happen in the
past.
 If you had studied, you would have passed the exam.
(I imagine that if you had done this in the past, the result would have been different)
 If I hadn’t been sick, I would have gone to your party.
(I’m imagining the situation of NOT being sick in the past… something that I cannot change now)

In general:
Zero conditional refers to facts.
First conditional and Second conditional refer to the present or future. However second conditional
sentences suggest it is less probable or imaginary.
Third conditional refers to the past.

PRACTICE 1
Finish the sentences by using the correct phrases. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1) If Amy does the washing up,

a) her brother will clear the table.
b) her brother would clear the table.
c) her brother would have cleared the table.

2) If he learned the new words,

a) he can get a good mark in the test.
b) he could get a good mark in the test.
c) he could have got a good mark in the test.

3) I would go to the party

a) if you come with me.
b) if you came with me.
c) if you had come with me.

4) If we had seen the film,

a) we will not buy the DVD.
b) we would not buy the DVD.
c) we would not have bought the DVD.

5) My uncle would stay longer in York

a) if he has more time.
b) if he had more time.
c) if he had had more time.

6) The teacher will not be happy

a) if we forget our homework again.
b) if we forgot our homework again.
c) if we had forgotten our homework again.
7) If I were you,
a) I will not play hockey.
b) I would not play hockey.
c) I would not have played hockey.

8) If you drove from Paris to Lisbon,

a) which way will you go?
b) which way would you go?
c) which way would you have gone?
9) If you wait a minute,
a) I'll go with you.
b) I'd go with you.
c) I'd have gone go with you.
10) You would have slept much better
a) if you will take your medicine.
b) if you took your medicine.
c) if you had taken your medicine.

PRACTICE 2
Put in the correct verb forms. Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1) If the weather had been better, we _______________ (to come) by bike.
A. would have come B. would come C. won’t have come D. will have come

2) If you were older, you _______________ (to go) to the party.

A. could have gone B. could go C. could have been gone D. couldn’t go

3) If Alice _______________ (to have) more money, she would go to Africa.

A. have B. has C. had D. have had

4) John's mother _______________ (to have) more time for him if he does the washing up.
A. would have B. will have C. would have been D. will

5) If Steven had taken his camera, he _______________ (to take) nice pictures.
A. would have taken B. would have C. would take D. will take

6) They will stay longer in Paris if they _______________ (to find) a cheap hotel.
A. find B. will find C. would find D. finds

7) If Brian _______________ (to like) horses, he could ride well.

A. like B. liked C. have liked D. will have liked

8) If Sarah _______________ (not/to eat) so much junk food, she could have been in the school
hockey team.
A. have not eaten B. had not eaten C. have had eaten D. will have been eaten

9) He can write good stories if he _______________ (to feel) like it.

A. felt B. have felt C. feels D. had felt

10) If you listened carefully, you _______________ (to know) about it.
A. will know B. would know C. have known D. had known
 ANALOGY CSE REVIEWER
1. Odometer:mileage :: compass: ________ 14. cup:bowl :: vacuum: ________
a. speed a. broom
b. hiking b. carpet
c. needle c. table
d. direction d. rag
2. Marathon is to race as hibernation is to:
a. winter 15. Towel:bath tu b :: chest of drawers: ___________
b. bear a. soap
c. dream b. tissue
d. sleep c. bed
3. Window is to pane as book is to: d. socks
a. novel 16. grape:pear :: cheese: _______
b. glass a. bread
c. cover b. butter
d. page c. apple
4. Cup is to coffee as bowl is to: d. burger
a. dish 17. BINDING : BOOK
b. soup a. criminal : gang
c. spoon b. artist : carpenter
d. food c. nail : hammer
5. Yard is to inch as quart is to: d. frame : picture
a. gallon 18. EXPLORE : DISCOVER
b. ounce a. read : skim
c. milk b. research : learn
d. liquid c. write : print
6. Elated is to despondent as enlightened is to: d. think : relate
a. aware 19. SIAMESE : CAT
b. ignorant a. type : breed
c. miserable b. dog : puppy
d. tolerant c. mark : spot
 7. Optimist is to cheerful as pessimist is to: d. romaine : lettuce
a. gloomy 20. FINCH : BIRD
b. mean a. frog :toad
c. petty b. elephant : reptile
d. helpful c. Dalmatian : dog
8. Reptile is to lizard as flower is to: d. collie : marsupial
a. petal 21. candle, lamp, floodlight / hut, cottage, _______
b. stem a. tent
c. daisy b. city
d. alligator c. dwelling
9. Play is to actor as concert is to: d. house
a. symphony 22. daisy flower plant / bungalow house ______
b. musician a. building
c. piano b. apartment
d. percussion c. cottage
10. Sponge is to porous as rubber is to: d. city
a. massive 23. palette easel brush / textbook lesson plan ?
b. solid a. artist
c. elastic b. teacher
d. inflexible c. report card
11. Wrist is to watch as to head is to _______ d. paint
a. cap 24. rule command dictate / doze sleep ?
b. hair a. snore
c. skull b. govern
d. ear c. awaken
12. Car : carriage :: PC : ________ d. hibernate
a. cursor 25. apples fruit supermarket / novel book ?
b. keyboard a. bookstore
c. TV b. magazine
d. ink c. vegetable
13. Artist:Canvas :: Architect: _________ d. shopping
a. Plates
b. Blocks
c. Plan
d. Hard hat

INDUCTIVE REASONING

Owen left a tray of lemon cakes unattended in the staff room for an hour and one of the cakes went
missing. Maggie, Susan and Mark have all been accused of eating the treat. After questing you learn that:

Maggie is allergic to citrus but was seen leaving the staffroom at lunchtime

Susan’s favourite type of cake is lemon but wasn’t seen anywhere near the staffroom

Mark has stolen cakes from the staffroom before and more cakes have gone missing since Mark started.

Question 1. Who can you infer is most likely to have taken the lemon cake?
A. Maggie B. Susan C. Mark

You arrive at an art fair with £100 in your pocket, hoping to leave with a nice painting to take home with you.
As you walk around you start to take note of the prices of the works you have seen; £450, £2000, £500,
£1500.

Question 2. Which of the following statements is the best example of an inductive argument?

a. You probably won’t be able to afford any of the paintings

b. The art is overpriced
c. You won’t find a painting to take home with you
d. You’ll find a painting you can afford if you keep looking

At a school, the classrooms are named Red Room, Blue Room, Yellow Room and Green Room.

Question 3. Which of the following statements is the best example of an inductive argument?

a. There are 4 rooms in the school

 b. The children in Red Room probably wear red clothes
c. All of the classrooms are probably named after colours
d. All of the above

Question 4. Identify the patterns and Question 5. If you were to consider the number
work out which of the suggested of shapes, which of the suggested images
images would complete the sequence. belongs with the given sequence?
A B C D A B C D

Question 6. Complete the sequence. Question 7. Complete the sequence.

A B C D A B C D E

Question 8. Complete the sequence. Question 9-10. Which of the suggested

A B C D shapes shares a feature with the given
shapes? A B C D

DEDUCTIVE REASONING

Review the facts below.

11. Tim lives in a big apartment.

Abby lives in a small apartment.
There are no big apartments in Tinyville.
Small apartments have one bedroom.

Based on the information above, which of the following MUST be true?

A. Tim lives in Tinyville
B. Abby lives in Tinyville
C. Big apartment have one bedroom
D. Abby's apartment has one bedroom
E. Tim and Abby live in the same town
12. John, Kate and Lenny just came back from trips to the following countries: Mauritania, Nepal, Oman, Peru
and Qatar.

 Each country was visited by at least one of the travellers.

 Each traveller visited either two or three different countries.
 Only one traveller visited Qatar.
 Every traveller who visited Mauritania went to Nepal as well.
 A traveller who visited Qatar did not visit Peru.
 John visited all of the countries Kate did.

If Kate visited three countries, then which one of the following must be true?
A. John travelled to Peru
B. Lenny traveled to Nepal
C. All three travelers traveled to Mauritania
D. All three travelers traveled to Nepal
E. Kate and Lenny traveled to the same number of countries

13. Four married couples – the Gordons, the Hindlers, the Ilgors and the Jareds – are the only guests in a
hotel. Each couple consists of one man and one woman. Some of the hotel guests are signing up for a trip to
the Grand Canyon offered by a travel agency.
The following rules are known about the participants of the trip:

 When a woman signs up, her spouse signs up too.

 At least two men and one woman are signed up.
 Mr. Gordon is signed up only if Mrs. Jared is signed up.
 If Mr. and Mrs. Gordon are signed up, then Mrs. Hindler is not signed up.

Exactly three men and two women are signed up for the trip;
which statement must be true?
A. Mr. Ilgor must be signed up for the trip
B. Mr. Jared must be signed up for the trip
C. Mr. Hindler must be signed up for the trip
D. Mrs. Gordon must be signed up for the trip
E. Mrs. Jared must be signed up for the trip

14. Review the facts below.

 Cleo is a good dog.

 Colonel is a bull.
 Good dogs are fast and keep the house safe.
 Bulls do not make noise.

Based on the information above, which of the following MUST be true?

A. Cleo is a quiet dog
B. Colonel can run very fast
C. Colonel moos almost every night
D. Cleo is a fast dog
E. Cleo and colonel help keep the farm safe

15. The factory manufactured a thousand soft toys in the last month, and eleven hundred in the month before
that.

Therefore, raising employees' salaries helped improve the factory's productivity.

What is the assumption in the above argument?

A. Toy factories manufacture about a thousand toys each month

B. Two months ago, the factory made twelve hundred toys
C. Raising employees' salary always increases productivity
D. The factory used to manufacture less than a thousand soft toys a month
E. The factory produced a thousand computers last month
Put in the correct verb forms.
1) If the weather had been better, we __would have come__ by bike.
2) If you were older, you __could go__ to the party.
3) If Alice __had__ more money, she would go to Africa.
4) John's mother __will have__ more time for him if he does the washing up.
5) If Steven had taken his camera, he __would have taken__ nice pictures. also correct: 'd have taken or could
have taken or might have taken
6) They will stay longer in Paris if they __find__ a cheap hotel.
7) If Brian __liked__ horses, he could ride well.
8) If Sarah __had not eaten__ so much junk food, she could have been in the school hockey team.
also correct: hadn't eaten
9) He can write good stories if he __feels__ like it.
10) If you listened carefully, you __would know__ about it. also correct: 'd know or could know or might know or
should know