Zelalem T:

Model examination for GIS degree program, April 03, 2023

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Exam Questions

Carefully read each question and select the correct answer of your choice for each of the
questions presented below.

1. Data characterized by information about location of features, and their relationship with
another feature.

1 point

A) Vector data

B) Non-spatial data

C) Raster data

D) Spatial data

Clear selection

2. Which one of the following is the incorrect statement about the map?

1 point

A) A map is the reduced representation of all or part of the surface of earth on a sheet of paper

B) All small details of reality can be shown on the map.

C) A map must be selective on which information to include based on our purpose map
production

D) None of the above

Clear selection

3. The integration of two or more adjacent layers to create a new one.

1 point

A) Union

B) Measurment
C) Merging

D) Overlay

Clear selection

4. Which one of the following is an example of raster data?

1 point

A) Satellite image

B) Digital elevation model

C) Aerial photography

D) All

Clear selection

5. Among the following one is expressed as an example of a hardware component.

1 point

A) Keyboard

B) ArcGIS

C) Auto CAD

D) Digitalization

E) All

Clear selection

6. The generic term denoting the use of computers to create and depict digital representations
of the Earth's surface.

1 point

A) GIS

B) GPS

C) GRPS

D) DBMS

Clear selection
7. The polygon data feature can be used to represent

1 point

A) Location

B) Area

C) 3-D area

D) Volume

Clear selection

8. Which one of the following operations is used to analyses raster data

1 point

A) Merging

B) Reclassification

C) Union

D) Classification

E) All of the above

Clear selection

9. GIS captures and analyses

1 point

A) Spatial data

B) Geographic data

C) Both A and B

D) None of the above

Clear selection
10. GIS tools allow the user to perform which of the following tasks?

1 point

A) Create searches

B) Store data

C) Edit data

D) All of the above

Clear selection

11. In GIS, X- coordinates of a given geographic feature/ object are represented by:

1 point

A) Horizontal

B) Vertical

C) Tangential

D) None of the above

Clear selection

12. Which of the following parameters using GIS are correlated to represent an earth’s physical
location?

1 point

A) Location

B) Spatial-temporal

C) Extent references

D) All of the above

Clear selection

13. Which of the following are the digital data creation methods used for GIS data creation?

1 point

A) Digitization

B) Orthorectified imagery
C) Demodulation

D) Both A and B

Clear selection

14. A process where a survey plan or hard copy is a map and is represented in a digital medium
using geo-referencing capabilities tool technique is.

1 point

A) Digitization

B) Modulation

C) Demodulation

D) None of the above

Clear selection

15. Which of the following statements is true about the capabilities of GIS?

A) Data capture and preparation

B) Data management, including storage and maintenance

C) Data manipulation and analysis

D) Data presentation

E) All of the above

16. Which of the following is true about ‘Discrete fields’

A) Discrete fields divide the study space in mutually exclusive, bounded parts, with all locations
in one part having the same field value

B) ‘Land classification’ is an example of discrete fields

C) Discrete fields make use of ‘bounded’ features

D) All of the above

17. A set of regularly spaced cells with associated field values for all locations within the cell is.

A) Crystal

B) Raster
C) Segment

D) Polygon

18. Which of the following is a true statement?

A) ‘Fields’ are geographic phenomena that occur everywhere in the study area.

B) ‘Objects’ are geographic phenomena that occur ‘sparsely’ over the study area

C) Fields can be continuous or discrete

D) Objects can be classified based on location, shape, size & orientation

E) All of the above

19. What are the two general data formats used in GIS?

A) Vector and raster

B) Points and lines

C) Features and attributes

D) Digital and paper maps

Clear selection

20. Which one of the following is an example of ‘continuous fields?

1 point

A) Air temperature

B) Barometric pressure

C) Soil salinity

D) All of the above

Clear selection

21. Among the following, which do not come under the components of GIS?

1 point

A) Hardware
B) Software

C) Compiler

D) Data

Clear selection

22. Which of the following doesn’t determine the capability of GIS?

1 point

A) Defining a map

B) Representing cartographic feature

C) Retrieving data

D) Transferring data

Clear selection

23. Pieces of information that provide a description of features in GIS.

1 point

A) Attributes

B) Vector data

Locations

Maps

Clear selection

24. Map projections can be described in terms of their:

1 point

A) Class (cylindrical, conical or azimuthal),

B) Point of secancy (tangent or secant),

C) Aspect (normal, transverse or oblique),

D) Distortion property (equivalent, equidistant or conformal).

E) All
Clear selection

25. During contour Map generation using ArcGIS which one of the following is used to
interpolate the land surface?

1 point

A) Easting

B) Northing

C) Elevation

D) All

Clear selection

26. Which one of the following is false about earth gravity field

1 point

A) The Newton’s law of universal gravitation force helps to explain the geoid

B) The force of gravity of the Earth is resultant of centrifugal force of the Earth and the force of
acting up on unit of mass

C) Gravitational force, centrifugal force, and gravity force all have the identical potential
functions.

D) The Earth can be regarded as a body constituted by infinite number of continuous point
masses.

E) Gravitational potential is the sum of the gravitational potentials of the point masses

Clear selection

27. All can explain the geoid surface, except

1 point

A) Approximately coincides with the mean sea level

B) Is a reference surface for astronomical measurement

C) Height determination while studying the shape of the earth

E) Sometimes the mean sea level at tide gages offset from geoid because of gravity

Clear selection

28. One of the following is false about gravity field models

1 point

A) Combined types of gravity field models have high-resolution of spatial and accuracy.

B) Satellite only gravity field models are determined by orbit perturbations and by satellite
gravity gradiometry

C) Combined models can be considered as static gravity field models

D) The static gravity field models are not such a common type of gravity field models

Clear selection

29. One of the following is false about the Electromagnetic Distance Measuring Instruments
according to the band they operate

1 point

A) Microwave EDM Instrument measures in ranges from 8 mm to10 mm

B) Laser EDM Instrument measures in visible red light

C) Infrared EDM Instrument measures in ranges from 0.75 to 0.95 μm

D) Microwave EDM Instruments are relatively older than the others

Clear selection

30. Identify the false statement about space geodetic surveying

1 point

A) The user segment monitors the several tracking stations across the globe

B) GPS satellites transmit carrier signals for civilian use at three frequencies

C) GPS offers two positioning services

D) GPS Coordinate System uses WGS84

Clear selection
31. Precision of the range measurement in radar altimetry depends on

1 point

A) Satellite position

B) Geophysical errors

C) Instrument errors

D) All of the above

Clear selection

32. One of the geometric parameters listed below is not widely employed in the Earth ellipsoid

1 point

A) Flattening

B) Semi major axis

C) Semi minor axis

D) First eccentricity

E) Sea topography

Clear selection

33. The reference ellipsoid serves as a surface

1 point

A) For conventional terrestrial surveys

B) To obtain coordinates of the horizontal control points

C) For geodetic surveying computations

D) For map projection

E) To determine the height

34. The missions of constructing geodetic datum’s includes, except

1 point

A) Determining and defining of the coordinate system

B)Determining and defining of the height system

C) Determining and defining of the gravimetric framework

D) Determining and defining of the shape and size of earth

Clear selection

35. One of the following is false about vertical datum and leveling

1 point

A) It provides the reference surface relative to which heights are measured.

B) the mean sea level is practically advantageous over geoid concepts in establishment of
vertical datum

C) MSL is often defined as zero height for a local area

D) The vertical datum is subject to correction

Clear selection

36. A technique utilized to determine the gravity value (actually, gravitational acceleration) at a
defined geometric point is

1 point

A) Absolute gravimetry.

B) Relative gravimetry.

C) Airborne gravimetry.

D) None of the above

Clear selection
37. A method used for accurate determination of height difference between two points.

1 point

A) Leveling.

B) GPS surveying.

C) Astronomical observation.

D) Standard positioning service

Clear selection

38. Third- and fourth-order horizontal control networks are used specially for small scale
topographic mapping.

1 point

A) True.

B) False

Clear selection

39. One of the following is not advantage of space geodetic surveying

1 point

A) Continuous global coverage

B) Multifunction and high precision

C) Real time positioning

D) Low accuracy at a high speed

Clear selection

40. Which one of the following is fall under the nominal type of data measurement?

1 point

A) Land use types

B) Temperature in degree Celsius

C) Elevation
D) All

Clear selection

41. A system with deferent components that is designed to store, query, and manipulate
geographic information and spatial data is known as

1 point

A) Geodatabase.

B) Spatial toolbox.

C) Spatial package.

D) Web mapping service.

Clear selection

42. In the Geodatabase, tables that contain spatial attributes are called

1 point

A) Feature classes.

B) Attribute tables.

C) Indexed attribute tables.

D) Spatial tables.

Clear selection

43.What is the purpose of spatial index in a geodatabase?

1 point

A) To locate features quickly when performing such tasks as panning, zooming, or selecting
features in ArcMap.

B) To improve data storage parameters in the ArcCataloge.

C) To assign coordinate systems to features during feature creation.

D) To optimize spatial reference values for the purpose of data sharing

Clear selection
44.When is a spatial reference assigned in a geodatabase?

1 point

A) When creating a geodatabase feature dataset or stand-alone feature class

B) When optimizing storage parameters

C) When performing a spatial search

D) When using geoprocessing tools

Clear selection

45.Which type of table in the geodatabase stores the polygon geometry for each feature?

1 point

A) System tables

B) Catalogue tables

C) Dataset tables

Clear selection

46.Grid dataset tables What is the primary mechanism used to organize and use geographic
information in ArcGIS?

1 point

A) Feature classes

B) Raster datasets

C) Dataset

D) Geodatabase system tables

Clear selection

47.What is the purpose of the geodatabase system tables?

1 point

A) To manage metadata required to implement geodatabase properties, data validation rules,

C) To organize and use geographic information in ArcGIS

D) To manage data in the dataset tables

Clear selection

48.Which one of the following does not belong to the primary datasets in the geodatabase?

1 point

A) Attribute tables

B) Feature classes

C) Polygon layer

D) Raster datasets

Clear selection

49.In geodatabase, the vector geometries are stored and managed in

1 point

A) A catalogue.

B) Fields.

C) A separate file.

D) As shape file in a folder.

Clear selection

50. Schema in a geodatabase defines

1 point

A) the physical structure of the geodatabase along with the rules, relationships, and properties
of each dataset in the geodatabase.

B) The quality of the database and the temporal resolution

C) Restrictions in the use of the data as defined by the data provider

D) The version f the database ,management system that is being used.

Clear selection
51. Creating a personal geodatabase involves creating

1 point

A) a .mdb file on disk.

B) a .shp file on the disk.

C) a set of shapefile related files (.shp, , shx, .dbf, .prj)D) a .csv file.

Clear selection

52.Which one of the following methods is not suitable for creating a file geodatabase?

1 point

A) Run a Python script that calls the CreateFileGDB_management function

B) XML available in ArcMap

C) From a folder connection in ArcMap

D) Use the Create File GDB tool

Clear selection

53.A geodatabase can be copied using

1 point

A) the Copy Tool, XML workspaces, or Extract and Export Data wizard

B) the database dumper tool in Arc Tool Box

C) the Spatial Analysis Extension

D) data projection tool

Clear selection

54.Which one of the following does not belong to the ways to add datasets to a geodatabase
using ArcMap and the Catalog tree?

1 point

A) Creating new datasets.

B) Copy and Paste.

D) Kriging

Clear selection

55. Which one of the following cannot be used by Enterprise geodatabase to store data?

1 point

A) Oracle

B) Microsoft SQL Server

C) PostgreSQL.

D) QGIS

Clear selection

56.What is the maximum size limit for datasets in a personal geodatabase?

1 point

A) 1 TB

B) 2 GB

C) Unlimited

D) 500 MB

Clear selection

57.Which type of geodatabase is recommended as the native data format for ArcGIS stored and
managed in a relational database?

1 point

A) File geodatabase

B) Personal geodatabase

C) Enterprise geodatabase

D) None of the above

Clear selection
58.What is the recommended type of geodatabase for storing datasets that can scale up to 1
TB in size?

1 point

A) Personal geodatabase

B) Enterprise geodatabase

C) Both A and B

D) File geodatabase

Clear selection

59. Which type of geodatabase allows many readers and writers?

1 point

A) Personal geodatabase

B) Enterprise geodatabase

C) File geodatabase

D) None of the above

Clear selection

60.Which type of geodatabase is limited in size and tied to the Windows operating system?

1 point

A) Personal geodatabase

B) Enterprise geodatabase

C) File geodatabase

D) None of the above

Clear selection
61. From the statements below, which is correct about the remote sensing image?

1 point

A) Remote sensing images are representation of the earth surface as seen from ground

B) Image is composed of pixels associated with transmission that indicate brightness value

C) Image is a digital approximation of the real-world

D) The size of the pixel contained on an image is about brightness value

E) All except A

Clear selection

62. Which of the following is true about binary images?

1 point

A) Binary image takes only two values which are from 0 to 1

B) It uses threshold to assign 1 for the value below the threshold and 0 for above threshold

C) These images are mostly used for identifying the general shape or outline of objects

D) Binary images contain gray level information in each spectral band

E) All except C

Clear selection

63.Among below, one is not correct about Multispectral remote sensing?

1 point

A) It involves the acquisition of images in several broad wavelength bands

B) It enables to differentiate among materials by their spectral reflectance at different bands

C) It contains channels containing the amount of radiation measured in UV, visible and IR

D) Scanning systems can be used on aircraft & space platforms with same operating principles

E) None

Clear selection
64.Across-truck scanning is a system used to acquire multispectral image, which of the
following is not true about across truck scanning system?

1 point

A) It uses oscillating mirror to scan earth surface from one side of the sensor to the other

B) Instantaneous Field of View determines the resolution of ground cell viewed

C) Across-track scanner uses back and forth motion for scanning

D) It uses the forward motion of the platform to record successive scan lines

E) None

Clear selection

65.Which of the following is not correct about LIDAR imaging system?

1 point

A) LIDAR uses a laser-based remote sensing technology

B) It depends on/ uses UV, Visible and Infrared light to capture the target

C) Laser scanner used to determine the absolute position and orientation of the sensor

D) Terrestrial LIDAR is used to locate objects on the ocean floor

E) None

Clear selection

66. Radiometric correction is one of image preprocessing method in remote sensing. Why we
apply radiometric correction on image before analysis?

1 point

A) To correct image for unwanted sensor noise and atmospheric noise

B) To improve the visual appearance of the image

C) To improve distortions due to sensor-Earth geometry variations

D) To replace missing scan lines during image capture

E) All

F) All except C
Clear selection

67. Among below, one is correct about image restoration techniques?

1 point

A) Random noise and Striping are errors that can be removed by using atmospheric correction

B) Sensor calibration and replacing missing scan lines are used in radiometric correction

C) Improving the visual quality of an image uses geometric correction method

D) Atmospheric error can be caused due to the curvature and rotation of the Earth

Clear selection

68. Which of the following is not among the sources of geometric error?

1 point

A) Variations in the altitude

B) The motion of the scanning system

C) Sensor irregularities

D) Curvature and rotation of the Earth

E) All

F) All except C

Clear selection

69. During digital image analysis, if a classification is not satisfactory, it can be repeated with
different algorithms or with updated inputs in a new trial. This process can continue until the
results are satisfactory. What kind of advantage of digital image analysis is this indicate?

1 point

A) Efficiency

B) Flexibility

C) Reliability

D) Portability

Clear selection
70. During image processing, if your input image doesn’t enable you to identify individual
objects found on the image, which specific method would you use to improve it before analysis?

1 point

A) Preprocessing

B) Radiometric correction

C) Enhancement

D) Geometric correction

Clear selection

71. Among below one is true about spatial filtering method?

1 point

A) Spatial domain filtering depends on both itself and surrounding pixels

B) Low-pass filter emphasize larger, homogeneous areas of similar tone and reduce smaller
detail in an image

C) Band Pass Filters passes signals within a certain band of frequencies without introducing
extra noise

D) High pass filter emphasizes local detail and deemphasize large area changes

E) All

F) A&C

Clear selection

72. Which of the following technique is applied to a single-band monochrome image for
highlighting areas that appear to be uniform in an image?

1 point

A) Density slicing

B) Spatial filtering

C) Image sharpening

D) Median filter

Clear selection
73. Which of the following is correct about band rationing enhancement method?

A) It used to contrast heavily-vegetated areas with areas of little vegetation, by taking advantage
of vegetation’s strong absorption of green and reflection of near infrared

B) It serves to highlight variations in the spatial responses of various surface covers

C) It used for analyzing NDVI of a given area based on spectral response calculation

D) It used to enhance the edge contrast of an image

E) All

Clear selection

74. Among below one is a statistical procedure to summarize the information content in large
data set by means of a smaller set of summary indices that can be more easily visualized and
analyzed?

1 point

A) Spatial transformation

B) Band rationing

C) Principal component analysis

D) Texture transformation

E) High pass filter

Clear selection

75. Assume you are going to analyze the pattern of coverage on a given study area, which step
or order is correct from the beginning to end of the analysis?

1 point

A) Image selection, enhancement, band combination, merging, clipping, classification

B) Image selection, merging, band combination, enhancement, clipping, classification

C) Image selection, merging, clipping, band combination, enhancement, classification

D) Image selection, clipping, band combination, merging, enhancement, classification

Clear selection
76. Imagine you are going to work analysis with large study area, one scene or layer is not
enough to cover your study area. So which technique would you use to have the image that fit
with your study area?

A) Layer stacking

B) Band compositing

C) Mosaicking

D) Spatial transformation

E) All

Clear selection

77. Which of the following analysis method is BEST to indicate or calculate chlorophyll content,
and canopy water stress amount on the given image?

1 point

A) Simple Ratio Index

B) Green-Red Vegetation Index

C) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

D) Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index

Clear selection

78. Imagine you are going to cluster the whole image into 6 groups/classes to have the output
image with six items, which method would you apply to perform such kind of image analysis?

1 point

A) Principal component classification

B) Unsupervised classification

C) Maximum Likelihood classification

D) Object oriented classification

Clear selection
79. Assume that you have given merged image and you are going to perform supervised
classification for selected study site. Which order would you follow to perform such analysis
correctly?

1 point

A) Enhancement, classification algorithm, training software, classification, validation

B) Enhancement, training software, classification algorithm, classification, validation

C) Enhancement, classification algorithm, classification, training software, validation

D) Enhancement, training software, classification, classification algorithm, validation

Clear selection

80. Which of the following statement is correct regarding about accuracy assessment?

1 point

A) It determines the quality of the information derived from remotely sensed data

B) It is a way of comparing your classification with ground truth data

C) Error Matrix report compares the reference class values to the assigned class values

D) User accuracy refers how actually classified map is real on the ground

E) All

F) All except C

Clear selection

81. The processes of determining, recording and disseminating information about the
ownership, value and use of land when implementing land management policies is known as

1 point

A) Land administration

B) Adjudication

C) Land registration

D) Cadasteral survey

Clear selection
82. Which of the folling does not belong to the processes of land administration?

1 point

A) the transfer of rights in land from one party to another through sale, lease, loan, gift and
inheritance;

B) the regulating of land and property development; and the use and conservation of the land;
the gathering of revenues from the land through sales, leasing, and taxation; and

C) the resolving of conflicts concerning the ownership and the use of land

D) the legal decision of inheritance related issues.

Clear selection

83. One of the following does not belong to the benefits of land administration

1 point

A) Guarantee of ownership and security of tenure

B) Support for land and property taxation, and provide security for credit

C) Protect State lands, and Reduce land disputes

D) Facilitate land fragmentation

Clear selection

84. Maps produced at a scale of 1:2,000, showing all the defined parcels in a rural Kebele, which
can be prepared to show the location and extent of holdings of the Kebele using the final
merged parcel coverage (shapefile) is known as

1 point

A) Public display maps

B) Index maps

C) Adjuration maps

D) Cadaster map

Clear selection
85. What are the key attributes of land from land administration’s points of view?

1 point

A) Ownership, values, and use

B) Region, city, wered/kebele, section, block, parcel

C) Region, zone, wereda, kebele

D) B and C

Clear selection

86. Which one of the following is not correct about the final parcel map?

1 point

A) The final parcel map preparation is started after the after completed public display, and all
necessary information's to registry book is entered.

B) Certification should be issued for those parcels which have no outstanding disputes.

C) The final parcel map is generated for each parcel manually.

D) Currently, the Ethiopia rural land administration sector has their own parcel map
template/elements.

Clear selection

87. Which one of the following is against the benefits of a computerized land administration
system?

1 point

A) Force standardization in the collection and processing of land information, and decrease the
cost and space required for storing land records;

B) Prevent unnecessary duplication, and simplify the preparation of “disaster” copies of

C) Facilitate access to land-related data and improve their distribution;

D) Reduce the time and cost involved in transferring property rights and in processing
mortgages;

Clear selection
88. Examples of the data of general interest to a wide user community, that is usually
considered part of the Cadastre, include

1 point

A) Land parcels, land tenure, and land value

B) Block, ketene, and neighborhood

C) Region, zone, wereda, and kebele

D) B and C

Clear selection

89. The basic spatial unit in a Cadastre is known as a

1 point

A) Kebele

B) Ketena

C) Parcel

D) Zone

Clear selection

90. Categories or types of cadastre based on their use, type, quality and quantity of data
summarized in it are

1 point

A) fiscal, legal and multi-purpose.

B) federal, and regional

C) commercial, residential, industrial zone

D) B and C

Clear selection
91. A cadaster that deals with defining property rights, describing the extent of property rights,
supporting land transfer, and providing evidence of ownership is known as

1 point

A) multi-purpose

B) modern cadaster

C) legal cadaster.

D) fiscal cadaster.

Clear selection

92. The operational manual for rural cadaster and the national urban legal standard number
03/2015 stated the spatial component (parcel map) of the data should be obtained using-

1 point

A) Ground surveying, GPS surveying (real time and static)

B) Ground surveying, aerial photography, high-resolution satellite imagery

C) Ground surveying, GPS surveying (static)

D) Ground surveying using total station and DGPS surveying (real time,

Clear selection

93. The basic considerations or requirements while using GPS/GNSS is/are

1 point

A) UTM Zone 36, 37, and 38

B) The brand of the GPS

C) Date and hour of data collection

D) Ellipsoid, Geoid, and datum

Clear selection
94. During the rural adjudication process in the field, the landholders show the parcel
boundaries to the field team. This will be witnessed and confirmed by

1 point

A) the neighbors sharing boundaries with the demarcated parcel, plus a representative from the
Land Administration and Use Committee.

B) the Kebele Chairman and the wife or husband of the landholder.

C) GIS team leader.neighbours sharing boundaries with the demarcated parcel, plus a
representative from the Land Administration and Use Committee.

D) the Kebele Chairman and the wife or husband and elder cild/children of the landholder.

Clear selection

95. Which one of the following is not correct about the rural adjudication process,

1 point

A) Any documents held, including 1st level certificates or other documents, must be presented
to the committee member and the field team.

B) If no documentation exists, the chairman of the Kebele is invited to attest to the holder’s
claim.

C) If more than one certificate is presented for the same parcel, the certificate that was issued
first is registered. The information in the second certificate is added in the field data form as
additional information for further investigation.

D) Neighbors on all sides will be called to verify that there is no dispute over boundaries or
holder rights.

Clear selection

96. Which one of the following is not correct about the practical aspect of the rural parcel
boundary demarcation?

1 point

A) The parcel boundaries will be drawn on the field map. The parcel will then get a unique
identification number.

B) Both agreed and disputed boundaries will be recorded on the relevant field map.

C) Disputed boundaries will be annotated on the field map and noted on the field data form. If a
border is in dispute, a question mark is written on it on the field map to be able to quickly detect
dispute location.

D) At each point where the boundary changes its direction, GPS measurement will be take.

Clear selection

97. Which one of the following is correct about disputes during the rural land registration
process?

A) Landholders can resolve all disputes after the process is completed whether these are about
ownership or boundaries.

B) If it is not possible to resolve the disputes, the committee will make the decision based on
the information from high-resolution satellite image.

C) If it is not possible to resolve the disputes, those land parcels will be recorded as disputed
during the field process and second level certificate issuance might be delayed for these
parcels.

D) If it is not possible to resolve the disputes before the process begins, those land parcels will
not be recorded during the field process.

Clear selection

98. The overall planning, organization, and coordination of the public display map management
responsibility should be

1 point

A) The Woreda land administration offices in cooperation with the respective KLAUC and Kebele
administration organs.

B) The Zone land administration offices in cooperation with the respective KLAUC and Kebele
administration organs.

C) The Kebele land administration Utilization Committee

The GIS expert

Clear selection
99. Which one of the following is not correct about parcel boundary creation?

1 point

A) Vertex should be available only at corner points of a parcel boundary where it changes its
direction.

B) Create as many vertex as possible along a straight line during digitization.

C) Each parcel boundary should be a closed polygon.

D) An entire area of a town/a project area should be covered by a parcel map including road,
streams, gullies, hills, pocket areas etc.

E) An aggregate area of each parcel of a town should be equal to a total area of that town.

100. The datum transformation parameters for transforming the geodetic coordinates from
WGS84 to Adindan geodetic datum should be provided by

1 point

A) Ethiopian Space Science and Geospatial Institute (formerly known as EMA)

B) ESRI

C) ERDAS Imagine

D) EPSG