1

A Corpus Study of the Syntactic Analysis of the Use of Non-Standard

English in Trinidadian and Canadian Songs

Faria Ejaz

National University of Modern Languages, Multan

Applied Grammar and Syntax

Dr. Masroor Sibtain

November 19, 2023

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Abstract:
The main objective of this research is to looks into the unconventional use of English
found in Deviational song lyrics. This analysis of songs include qualitative method. It takes a
corpus linguistic perspective to examine these non-standard features. The researcher explore
the different types and functions of syntactical deviation in song lyrics from Trinidadian and
Canadian artists. The analysis focused on popular songs of two singers Nicki Minaj and Justin
Bieber. The findings revealed seven types of syntactical deviation, such as omission, verb
deviation, preposition deviation, subject deviation, deviation of conjunction, article deviation,
anastrophe, and Hypallage and G dropping. These omission was frequently used in Nicki Minaj
as well as Justin Bieber songs. It serves the purpose of removing unnecessary words or
information to make the lyrics unique. This research contain the study of unique style of the
Trinidadian and the Canadian Songs.

Key words: Syntax, deviation, omission, hyperbaton, slangs.

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Introduction:
Humans use language as a tool to interact and communicate with other humans. This
implies that language is the means by which people express ideas and emotions so that receiver
can understand easily. Language is necessary to communicate ideas and information verbally
or in written foam. Grammar is a set of rules that guide how native speaker used words in any
language .usually the speaker make sentences with morphemes and phrases whenever he
want to communicate and write . The things is essential in grammar are sentence structure, verb
tenses, and punctuation. Grammar help us to speak effectively. It’s like the blueprint for
speaker as well as writer to put words together in a meaningful way. Every language has
specific grammar. While we are figuring out how to turn out to be a better essayists, for
example, if we need to talk about language, this requires a few information on the terms and
ideas of a sentence structure, that is, of syntax. There are different ways to deal with syntax.
Generative grammar that focuses on how sentences are made in a language. It gives the
underlying structure and rule that allow us to form an infinite number of grammatically correct
sentences. This is related with the renowned linguist Noam Chomsky. This is a significant
and powerful way to deal with language. There are two main approaches of grammar, namely
as prescriptive grammar and descriptive grammar. The purpose of prescriptive grammar is to
prescribe rules and regulations for the correct usage of the English Language and it focuses on
adherence to establishing standard language. Descriptive grammar is all about studying and
analysing how people naturally use language. Its purpose is to describe and understand the
patterns and structures that exist in language. For example, it looks at how people commonly
use colloquial expressions, like slang or informal phrases.
Syntax is basically the study of sentence structure in a language. It looks at the rules
that govern how words and phrases should be put together to make sentences that are
grammatically correct and make sense there are some basic system rules , every language have
specific word orders like subject-verb-object (SVO) in English. For instance
The cat chased the mouse
S V O
Then there are certain agreement in the grammar in which word need to match in things
like singular/plural and gender like ‘i am’ is singular and ‘they are’ plural. Then the speaker
concord the element in a sentence that should match in things such as tenses, person and
numbers. Like ‘he walks’ ( present ) vs ‘he walked’ ( past tense) and the next step is to put
modifier in the right place in a sentence to convey intended meaning ‘The student sitting in the
class room are learning grammar ’ after that focus on the punctuation to show sentence structure
and to make sure that ideas in a list have a same grammatical structure by using subordinate
and coordinate clause to create complex sentence Any speaker of any human language can
deliver and figure out an endless number of potential sentences. Subsequently, we could not
always have a mental word generator for all the sentences of the world. Connection of all these
also known as principle of syntax structure as well as it shows syntactic relation of a sentence
A syntactic category is a group of expressions in which the absence of one word does
not affect the sentence grammatically. These group of expressions are called phrases. A
syntactic category is like a word group that shows us how words are used in a sentence. It helps
us understand their grammar and how they work together. We have different categories like
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nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions. Each category has
its own rules and characteristics. By putting words into these categories, we can study and
describe how sentences are structured in a language.
Syntax structure is all about how we put words and phrases together to make proper
sentences. It's like following the rules of a language to create sentences that make sense and
are grammatically correct. It includes things like how we arrange words in a sentence, the order
we put them in, and how different parts of speech relate to each other. The underlined group of
words is a syntactic category which is known as, noun phrase (NP). So the noun phrase a
position of a subject or an object in a sentence. It may sometimes include a proper noun,
pronoun, a determiner, or a noun itself. The group of words that is experiencer in a sentence is
verb and that phrase is known as a verb phrase (VP). This syntactic category must contain a
verb but sometimes also contains a noun phrase or a prepositional phrase (PP). These syntactic
categories are known as phrasal categories. They are NP, VP, PP, AdjP, and AdvP.
Style refers to the choice of language used by the authors while writing. Every writer
uses words differently to convey a situation or an event. The way that writers deliver particular
information in a way that sets them apart from other people is referred to as their linguistic
choice, and it defines their unique writing style. The way a writer organizes their sentences
(syntactically), uses words (lexically), and conveys meaning (semantically) can all vary from
other writers' styles. Nevertheless, it should be noted that a style element can be appropriate
for at least one of the classes listed above. Variations in writing styles are attributed to different
styles. Geoffrey Parasite coined the term “deviation” in 1969 while focusing on a variety of
sonnets. From a phonetic perspective, he discovered many inconsistencies in the way language
is utilized. The term “standard norms of writing” refers to the accepted methods for creating
and writing in general. There are two categories of norms: local and general norms. The local
standard norms refer to a standard particular text established by the author himself, whereas
the general standard norms refer to the customary ways in which a particular language is
utilized or the scholarly style being discussed within the framework of writing, the deviation is
regarded as an authorization or agreement for authors. An essayists to express or write what is
the ordinary usage of language in any situations. Using word choice and creative writing
techniques, a writer can go beyond or bridge as much as possible to explore and pass new
encounters and impacts on, captivating the readers. As a result, the deviation is seen as a potent
way to enhance the text in which it appears. In academic writing, especially poetry, deviance
from the fundamental rules of English (syntactic, phonological, graphological, morphological,
semantic, and so forth) is a typical peculiarity in scholarly language usually in poetry writing.
Syntactic deviation means breaking the usual rules of how sentences are structured or
how words are arranged. It’s like taking a sentence and rearranging it in a different way to
make it sound more creative or unique. The research entitled by the researcher on syntactic
deviation Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams (2011, p. 118) state that while grammatical deviation
deals with grammatical errors in sentences that result in incorrect sentence structure, syntactical
deviation deals with sentence errors. It indicates that the author in this instance has violated the
sentence when it actually follows the Standard English structure. According to Leech (1969, p.
45), there are two primary categories of syntactical deviation: syntactic re-arrangement, or
hyperbaton, and poor or incorrect grammar.
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This thesis is set out to demonstrate that non-standard elements are used in pop music
is in Fact common language are not in anyway inferior to other forms. The researcher was
drawn to examine the linguistics of song lyrics because song is the best way though this people
express their, emotion and contain a wealth of linguistic meanings. Is constantly present in a
variety of contexts, including articles, books, magazines, newspapers, movies, scripts, and song
lyrics. This research is done because the researcher enjoys singing, the researcher chose song
lyrics as their subject of study and concentrated on analysing syntactic deviation of the well-
known Canadian and Trinidadian singer’s song. The researcher who is keen to carry out the
research entitled as the corpus syntactic analysis on usage of non-standard English and
investigate the deviational style of used by singer in their songs.

Research Question:
 What are the possible syntactic deviational analysis in the lyrics of the Trinidadian and
Canadian’ songs?

Research Objective:
 To highlight the writing style of the Trinidadian and Canadian singers

Significance of the research:

This research has been conducted in order to help the way for the future researchers
who are particularly interested in conducting a research on use of non-standard English in
Trinidadian and Canadian song with the perspective of grammar and syntax, as well as it
provides a ladder to fully analyse the style of singers and writers as a whole.

Review of the Literature:

Numerous researches has been done in regards to syntactic deviation and on songs.
Many of the previous researchers have carried out the research on the writing styles of authors
and poets. In the light of the present study, a research regarding the writing style of songs of
non-native speaker, the research has been done by a researcher Stockholm, Sweden 2023, Their
research entitled “THE INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON
SONGWRITING: NAVIGATING ATTRIBUTION CHALLENGES AND COPYRIGHT
PROTECTION” This paper examines how song writing and copyright protection are changing,
with an emphasis on artificial intelligence’s (AI) impact. It draws attention to the necessity of
objective measures of attribution in co-creation of music, including AI-assisted collaborations.
The study investigates the possibility of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques
to generate song lyrics in order to assign credit in a more transparent and accurate manner. The
report also addresses concerns about AI-generated works and highlights the significance of
attribution from the viewpoints of different music industry stakeholders. With the use of
quantitative and qualitative approaches, such as surveys, interviews, and literature reviews, the
research offers in-depth understandings of the difficulties associated with attribution in song
writing and the consequences of AI’s involvement. In order to learn more about the importance
of text modifications, the survey contrasted the choruses of original songs with modified
versions. Textual changes were evaluated using statistical analysis and natural language
processing (NLP) techniques such as cosine similarity, plagiarism detection, sentiment
analysis, and Levinshtein distance. The findings showed that cosine similarity and sentiment
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analysis were more in line with the survey responses. The interviews yielded insightful
viewpoints on issues with attribution and copyright, as well as ideas about the use of AI in song
writing and moral considerations.
Another researcher AN ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTICAL DEVIATION IN ED
SHEERAN’S SELECTED SONG LYRICS has investigated the application of syntactic
deviation in Ed Sheeran’s selected songs. The study has found double negation, omission,
deviation of verb, and deviation of preposition, deviation of article, anastrophe and Hypallage.
Furthermore, it was noted that ‘omission’ is the only type of syntactic deviation that came as
the most often in Ed Sheeran’s songs. This omission was seen in seven selected lyrics of Ed
Sheeran’s songs. The omission that was present in the songs was omission of subject, omission
of article, anastrophe and Hypallage. It was on the grounds that those kinds of linguistic
deviation may not fit with the possibility of the seven lyrics of Ed Sheeran or can be said those
sorts of grammatical deviation were not in accordance with the thought processes that Ed
Sheeran needed to convey in his lyrics. Second, the elements of linguistic deviation utilized in
Ed Sheeran’s chosen song’s lyrics are for the most part about omission or ellipsis. Omission
normally utilized where the words discarded would be repetitive, author involves ellipsis or
exclusion in their artistic works is to demonstrate an exclusion of pointless words or data. It
implies that the verses of the song are generally precluded by Ed Sheeran, it is to make the
melody denser which implies it rambles in a concise proclamation and furthermore coordinates
with the song or music.
Many corpus linguistic studies concentrate on genres like blues and rap that are
arguably very different from pop music. African American English (AAE) is analysed using
the BLUR (Blues Lyrics Collected at the University of Regensburg) collection, which
comprises approximately 7.300 songs (about 1.49 million words) from the 1920s to the 1940s.
Although the size of the corpus is unparalleled in the analysis of song lyrics and non-standard
English (Miethaner 2005, Schneider and Miethaner 2006), a small disadvantage is that it can
“only” be applied to the analysis of historical data. Similar to this, Olivo (2001) examined the
applications and purposes of irregular spellings in AAE by compiling a small corpus of rap
lyrics. The most recent contribution, however, is a corpus linguistic analysis of hip-hop lyrics
by Kreyer (2016), who uses the register-defining triad of “situational context, the linguistic
features, and the functional relationship between the first two components” proposed by Biber
and Conrad to argue that hip-hop should be viewed as a register in and of itself (2009: 6).
After going through some of the previous researches on the syntactic deviation, it can be said
that only no research has been done on the Caribbean singers’ song lyrics.

Research Methodology:
The present research has been carried out by using the qualitative research method. The
data for analysis has been taken from the internet. The songs’ lyrics have been selected
randomly and the data for analysis consists of sentences, clauses, and phrases. The data which
is taken does not consist of any kind of statistical data or samples. So the preferable data
analysis method seems to be the qualitative method rather than the quantitative one. The study
attempts to analyse different songs’ lyrics by Trinidadian and Canadian. The research study is
descriptive in manner.
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Data Analysis:
(A) Syntactic Deviation used in Canadian singer Bieber’s selected song lyrics:
1: Omission:
Ellipsis or omission in grammar is when a part of a sentence is left out, making it
incomplete. There are different types of omissions, like omitting the subject, article, linking
verb, or preposition. It’s interesting how these omissions can change the meaning of a sentence.
The present study has found four types of omission in the selected song lyrics. These are the
omission of the subject, omission of linking verb, omission of article, and omission of
preposition. The selected lyrics used for this research are entitled “Beauty and a Beat” by Justin
Bieber
Omission of subject is the removal of subject in a sentence. Similar to truncated
sentences, which are brief sentences, are sentences lacking a subject. These sentences feature
a suppressed subject, the meaning of which is only revealed by the surrounding context.
Despite the fact that a sentence lacking a subject. Even though a sentence without a subject is
not grammatically correct but a lot of singers and the poet have used this type of omission in
their song lyrics as a style. Following are the Justin Bieber song lyrics with omission of subject
in a sentence
Show you off, tonight (3)
beautiful confession of the priest (15)
Above lyrics are from the song named “Beauty and the beat”. The singer has omitted the
subjects from both of the lines hence this kind omission is not used in Standard English.
According to this, with or without the subject, the sense of tense is complete and can be
described as a deviation. Additionally, the omitted subject could be (I) and (it’s). Then the
lyrics should be:
I wanna show you off, tonight
It’s a beautiful confession of the priest
At another place in the song lyrics,
Young money (2)
World tours, it’s mine (18)
It can be as
We are young and we have money
I am at world tours, it’s mine
Above line has also omitted the subject in it which ultimately makes it grammatically
incorrect. After looking closely, the singer has omitted the subject at two places in the above
line. The omitted subjects could be [we] and [we]. In the next sentence omission of subject
takes place (I)
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The next omission occurs is omission of the article is the absence of the article in a
sentence. According to Standard English article should be added in a sentence, but in Justin’s
song ' Beauty and a Beat ', many times he omitted the article from the lyrics.
Beautiful confession of the priest (15)
The above phrase is following the rules of Standard English, there is an omission of
article [a] and is functioning as an indefinite article. It’s used before a singular noun to indicate
that you’re referring to any one of that noun. So the correct phrase can be
It’s a beautiful confession of the priest
It can be seen that numerous lyrics has missing linking verbs as well. This is known as
the omission of linking verbs. , lyrics that has mention above other as well
What you got, a billion could’ve never brought (5)
We gonna party like it’s 3012 tonight (6)
.....We young tonight (8)
These lyrics are missing linking verbs. It could be [are] and with use of colloquial language
gonna in a lyric. After applying the Standard English, the lyrics should be,
We are gonna party like it is 3012 tonight
We are young tonight
Similarly,
What you got, a billion could’ve never brought (5)
World tours, it’s mine (18)
The above lyrics could also use some linking verbs with them which could be [have] and [am].
The correct lines should be,
What you have got, a billion could’ve never brought
I am having world tours, it’s mine
Some other lines having omission of linking verbs are as follows,
Beauty from the East (14)
The omitted linking verb in this line could be [is], then the lyrics should be,
This is a beauty from the East
All of above, in the song lyrics there are certain omissions which are omission of determiners,
omission of conjunctions and preposition as well.
Let’s take a look on the lyrics that are having omission of determiners and preposition:
What you got, a billion could’ve never
Bought (5)
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Beast, beauty from the street... (16)

Show you off, tonight (4)
The omitted preposition and determiners from the above song lyrics could be [that] and
preposition [to] with the addition of omitted subjects, the lyrics should be,
What you have gotten that a billion ... Bought
The beast and a beauty from the....
I want to show you off, tonight
However at another place
Beauty from the East (14)
In the above line can be seen with the omission of determiner, article and a linking verb as well
This is a beauty from the east
There is one lyric with the omission of conjunction:
Young money (2)
Nicki Minaj Justin (3)
World tours, it’s mine (18)
In the above lines omission of conjunction occurs in lyrics [and], with the omission of subject
and a linking verb
We are young and we have money
Nicki Minaj and Justin
I am having world tours, they are mine
2: Deviation:
It can be define as when it comes to using incorrect words within a sentence, it can
definitely make the whole sentence incorrect. And in song lyrics, using these deviations can
actually create a psychological effect on the listener. There are different types of deviations,
like deviating the verb, preposition, subject (noun pronoun), conjunctions, and articles and
determiners. These deviations add a unique touch and make the lyrics more interesting. These
type of deviations again can be seen in the song lyrics of Justin's entitled “Beauty and the Beat”.
Deviation of subject includes the subject which is incorrect in spelling and in use.
Their use is popular in a modern English. The data for analysis is displayed below:
I am coming for ya... (11)
Here the word 'ya' is the deviation of the word [you]. The word ‘ya’ is the non-standard spelling
for ‘you ‘and used in an informally conversation. So the line should be,
I am coming for you...
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Deviation of verb can be seen in the lyrics of the song and deviation of linking and main
verb are also present in the lyrics. The examples from the lyrics for this type of deviation are
as follows:
What you got...
After putting the correct form, the lyric should be,
What you have gotten...

Deviation of conjunctions is also present in the song lyrics as,

‘Cause all I need (10)
The word ‘cause’’ is a deviation of conjunction putting apostrophe instead of ‘B’ so the correct
word is [because].
The correct lyric should be,
Because all I need
Similarly,
It’s all ‘bout you (13)
So the correct line can be
It’s all about you
The singer has used prepositional Deviation in his songs like
In times, ink lines (16)
So the correct line can be
At times, ink lines
3: Use of slang:
Slangs are like informal words that aren't part of Standard English. They're not used in
formal situations, more like when you're chilling with close friends. Slangs can have different
meanings in different languages and they can sound pretty cool, especially to teenagers. They're
also considered as deviations from the usual way of speaking. The singer Justin has used slangs
multiple times in his song lyrics. Some lines from the lyrics are,
Baby do it like you do (15)
I ‘mma hit’em with the ether (20)
In these lines singer has use common slang in his song baby is used for young and
attractive women and hit’em for give me something.
4: Anastrophe:
Anastrophe is like the first type of hyperbaton. It’s when you switch up the normal
order of words in a sentence. So instead of saying things in the usual way, you mix it up a bit.
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It adds a cool and unique touch to how we talk. This type of syntactic deviation is present two
times in the song entitled “beauty and the beat” as,
Beautiful confession ...priest (15)
So the arrangement of words is not normal. The phrase ‘see you been’ needs a proper
arrangement. After re-arranging them, the lyric should be,
The priest’s beautiful confession

(B) Syntactic Deviation used in Trinidadian singer Nicki Minaj’s selected song lyrics:
Nicki Minaj is all about using different versions of English in her music. She throws in
slang, wordplay, and even alter egos in her lyrics. It’s like she’s inventing her own language
that’s totally unique to her songs. This lets her express herself in a way that feels real and
brings a fun and playful energy to her music. She uses deviational English dialect in her song.
1: Omission:
The song lyrics of Nicki Minaj, named as “Princess Diana” contains a lot of omissions.
With a lot of omissions lyrics are grammatically incorrect. Four types of omission have
occurred in this song lyrics. They are omission of subject, omission of linking verb, omission
of preposition and omission of article.
Omission of subject has been seen many times in the lyrics. Example from the lyrics are,
Callin’ my phone ...answer (16)
Thinkin’ bout me when he brushing... (22)
Takin’ my time, ‘cause I don’t wanna bait (27)
The sentence above doesn’t have a subject, so it is grammatically incorrect. So here the possible
subject here could be [they] and [he]. The correct sentence should be,
They are callin’on my phone
He was thinkin’bout me....
I am taking my time ‘cause .....
Similarly, another at another place of the lyrics syntactic omission of subject is,
Lookin’ at me like who ... (16)
Doin’ my thing like (34)
In these lyrics omission of subject of can be seen here so correct lyrics can be
She is lookin’ at me like who...
I’m going my things like
Similarly,
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Takin’ ya boo (36)

Makin’ it move (37)
So the possible correct lyrics can be
I am takin ya boo
I am makin’ it move
All of the above lyrics also have the omission of verb along with the subjects, there is also the
omission of linking verbs in the song lyrics. The singer has omitted linking verbs for making
rhyme the let’s take the above lyrics again.
Callin’ my phone ...answer (16)
Thinkin’ bout me when he brushing... (22)
Thinkin’ you bigger, they got ... (9)
So it can be
I am callin’ my phone...
He was thinkin’bout me when...
They are thinking you are bigger, they have gotten..
Similarly,
Lookin’ at me like who ... (16)
Doin’ my thing like(34)
The possible linking verb can be
She is lookin’ at me like who...
I am doin’ my things like.
Another place in the song singer omission of is. am, are and was in the mid of the lyrics
If he smart he gon’ act like a fan (8)
So we get it ... Where we at (15)
I’m the one ... They wishin’ to be
According to Standard English these lyrics can be written as
If he is smart he gonna act like a fan.
So we get it ... Where we are at
I’m the one ... They are wishin’ to be
The omission of article, omission of preposition, omission of determiner and
omission of conjunction occurs after adding subject and linking verb, still the sentence
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doesn’t make sense. Let’s have a look on the lyrics where these grammatical function are
deleted
Omission of determiner can be seen in this lines
‘Cause they know I got band (4)
So the correct lyrics would be
‘Cause they know that I got band
Omission of conjunction
Gettin’ money I know who I am
According to Standard English
While gettin’ money and I know I am
Now this sentence make sense
Omission of preposition occurs in two places of the song
Turnin’ head when I walk in the room (30)
Tryna be low, he gon’ hit up my Gram (7)
He keep textin I leave him on seen (23)
So the correct lyrics can be
He is turning his head when I walk in to the room
If he is smart he is going to like a fan
He keeps texting but I leave him on seen
Song lyrics can be correct according to the poetic language but not for the Standard English.
Omission of G dropping
G-dropping is the process of reducing a verb’s final cluster /ŋg/ to /n/ in weak syllables; this
reduction occurs in words that end in -ing. The majority of the time, these are continuous verbs,
but this is not the only way they can occur (see nothing as /’nʌ�n/). The phenomenon’s name
is deceptive because it speaks of letters rather than phonemes, and the omission of /g/. Nicki
Minaj frequently used this technique in her song
Takin’ my time..... (27)
Taking my time
Turnin’ head when I walk.... (30)
Turning head when I walk
Makin’ it rain (33)
Making it rain
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Doin’ my thing like (34)

Doing my things like
Makin’ it move (37)
Making it rain
This kind of deviation usually used in pop song.
2: Deviation:
Four types of deviation occurs in the song lyrics by Minaj. They are deviation of subject,
deviation of conjunction, deviation of verb and deviation of preposition. The deviation of
subject has occurred in the following sentences:
a) Deviation of subject
Thinkin’ you... they got ya head... (28)
If you are makin’ you plate, then... (28)
Takin’ ya boo (36)
Thinkin’ you are...They got you head.
If you are making your plate. Then...
I am takin’ you boo
According to Standard English the sentence that make sense, which have SVO, informal and
nonstandard spelling.
b) Deviation of verb
They be chattin’ I don’t give a ... (5)
And she make in a year what I ... (32)
He keep textin’ I leave him ... (23)
They are chattin’ and I don’t give...
And she makes in a year what I...
He keeps textin’ but l leave him...
At one place in the song lyrics, the deviation of verb can be seen as, these sentences contains
deviation of linking verb and main verb because last two sentences shows habitual action so
it must be in a present tense.
c) Deviation of conjunction
‘cause they know I got band (4)
Takin’ my time ‘cause I don’t wanna .. (27)
Because they know that I got band
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I am taking my time because I don’t wanna...

In these lyrics reader can see the deviation of conjunction occurs three times in the foam of
‘cause with apostrophe on the right, in the pop song singer use it for because to make it
unique.
d) Deviation of preposition
So we get it on where we at (15)
So we get it where we are at
The line above, the used of preposition (on) is deviated.
2. Slang
It is informal use of language to make conversation cooler.
Takin’ ya boo
Here the word ‘boo ' in term of endearment used between lover and close friend.
Hypallage
Hypallage is a figure of speech that switches the arrangement of two elements. It’s like a little
language trick that adds a vivid and unique touch to expressions. It can make things stand out
in a cool and unexpected way.
In the hood, I am like Princess Diana (17)
To her man, I’ m I am the girl of his dream (21)
Where in a Standard English the sentence can be written as
I am like Princess Diana in the hood
I’m the girl of his dream to her man

Findings and conclusions:

This present research started by putting song lyrics on the spectrum of syntactic
deviation used in the Trinidadian and Canadian Songs. So let the researcher brings all points
together that are raised in the article, firstly different type of deviation occurs in this article
including omission of article, preposition, subject, linking verb and conjunction. Furthermore
these songs contains different types of deviation such as deviation of subject, deviation of verb,
preposition, conjunction and article. Lastly the phonetic phenomenon of G dropping is a now
a style of modern singers to make their work unique so this type of deviation can meet the
standard of poetic language but not the standard -English. Unconventional use of language or
non – standard grammatical construction in the lyrics is much complex than the question of
Deviational dialect. In a sentence singer use this kind of deviation because songs are mend to
be sung.
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References:
1: Gafur, A., Arifin, M. B., & Rahayu, F. E. S. (2021). AN ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTICAL
DEVIATION IN ED SHEERAN'S SELECTED SONG LYRICS. Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal
Bahasa, Sastra, Seni dan Budaya, 5(4), 709-729.
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Appendix:
1: Beauty and the Beat by Justin Bieber
Yeah
Young Money
Nicki Minaj, Justin
Show you off, tonight I wanna show you off (aye-aye-aye)
What you got, a billion could’ve never bought (aye-aye-aye)
We gonna party like it’s 3012 tonight
I wanna show you all the finer things in life
So just forget about the world, we young tonight
I’m coming for ya, I’m coming for ya
‘Cause all I need
Is a beauty and a beat
Who can make my life complete
It’s all ‘bout you
When the music makes you move
Baby do it like you do
‘Cause
Body rock
Girl, I can feel your body rock (aye-aye-aye)
Take a bow
You on the hottest ticket now (aye-aye-aye)
We gonna party like it’s 3012 tonight
I wanna show you all the finer things in life
So just forget about the world, we young tonight
I’m coming for ya, I’m coming for ya
‘Cause all I need
Is a beauty and a beat
Who can make my life complete
It’s all ‘bout you
 18

When the music makes you move

Baby do it like you do
In time, ink lines
Bitches couldn’t get on my incline
World tours, it’s mine
Ten little letters on a big sign
Justin Bieber
You know I’mma hit ‘em with the ether
Buns out, weiner
But I gotta keep an eye out for Selener
Beauty, beauty and the beast
Beauty from the East
Beautiful confessions of the priest
Beast, beauty from the streets, beat will get deceased
Every time Beauty on the beat-eat
Body rock, oh (yeah, yeah)
I wanna feel your body rock (yea, let’s go, let’s go)
‘Cause all I need (all I need is love)
Is a beauty and a beat
Who can make my life complete (oh, woah)
It’s all ‘bout you (all I need is you)
When the music makes you move
Baby do it like you do

2: Princess Diana by Nicki Minaj

Grrah, grrah
(Stop playin’ with ‘em, RIOT)
Like, grrah, keep it a stack, bitches move wock ‘cause they know I got bands (damn)
They be chattin’ I don’t give a damn and I’m still gettin’ money I know who I am (grrah)
Tryna be low, he gon’ hit up my ‘Gram (grrah)
 19

If he smart he gon’ act like a fan (damn)

Thinkin’ you bigger, they got ya head gassed (grrah)
Bitches slow, so I give ‘em a pass
Like, grrah, keep it a stack, bitches move wock, ‘cause they know I got bands (damn)
They be chattin’ I don’t give a damn and I’m still gettin’ money I know who I am (grrah)
Tryna be low, he gon’ hit up my ‘Gram (grrah)
If he smart he gon’ act like a fan (damn)
Thinkin’ you bigger, they got ya head gassed (grrah)
Bitches slow, so I give ‘em a pass
And I just fell in love with a gangsta (like)
So he put my name in a tatt’ (damn)
But I don’t let him come to the crib (grrah)
So we get it on where we at (grrah)
Nowadays I be duckin’ them cameras
And they hype that I’m up on them banners
Callin’ my phone, but they know I don’t answer (why?)
In the hood, I’m like Princess Diana (grrah)
I’m thick ‘cause I be eatin’ oats (huh)
Bitches not takin’ shit from me but notes
Wanna be me, so she do my emotes
And my name in her mouth so I bet she gon’ choke (bitch)
To her man, l’m the girl of his dreams
Thinkin’ ‘bout me when he brushin’ his teeth
He keep textin’, I leave him on seen
Hottest bitch out and they know what I mean (know what I mean)
Like, grrah, keep it a stack, bitches move wock ‘cause they know I got bands (damn)
They be chattin’ I don’t give a damn but I’m still gettin’ money I know who I am (grrah)
Tryna be low, he gon’ hit up my ‘Gram (grrah)
If he smart he gon’ act like a fan (damn)
Thinkin’ you bigger, they got ya head gassed (grrah)
 20

Bitches slow, so I give ‘em a pass

Like, grrah, keep it a stack, bitches move wock, ‘cause they know I got bands (damn)
They be chattin’ I don’t give a damn but I’m still gettin’ money I know who I am (grrah)
Tryna be low, he gon’ hit up my ‘Gram (grrah)
If he smart he gon’ act like a fan (damn)
Thinkin’ you bigger, they got ya head gassed (grrah)
Bitches slow, so I give ‘em a pass
Lookin’ at me like who bigger than she? (who?)
I’m the one who they wishin’ to be (damn)
Takin’ my time, ‘cause I don’t wanna bait
If you makin’ your plate, then I already ate (grrah)
Book a flight and go chill in Tulum
Turnin’ heads when I walk in the room (like)
I know he want me, his bitch is a lame
And she make in a year what I spend on a chain (spend on my chain, grrah)
Makin’ it rain (makin’ it rain)
Doin’ my thing (like)
And I’m young, still gettin’ money my pockets is chubby, nothin’ was the same (huh)
Takin’ ya boo (takin’ ya boo)
Makin’ it move
Like flexin’ on niggas and bitches addictive, feenin’ for me how they usually do (usually do)
Like, grrah, keep it a stack, bitches move wock ‘cause they know I got bands (damn)
They be chattin’ I don’t give a damn and I’m still gettin’ money I know who I am (grrah)
Tryna be low, he gon’ hit up my ‘Gram (grrah)
If he smart he gon’ act like a fan (damn)
Thinkin’ you bigger, they got ya head gassed (grrah)
Bitches slow, so I give ‘em a pass
Like, grrah, keep it a stack, bitches move wock, ‘cause they know I got bands (damn)
They be chattin’ I don’t give a damn and I’m still gettin’ money I know who I am (grrah)
Tryna be low, he gon’ hit up my ‘Gram (grrah)
 21

If he smart he gon’ act like a fan (damn)

Thinkin’ you bigger, they got ya head gassed (grrah)
Bitches slow, so I give ‘em a pass