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    The Mole - Complete

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    vlattaetae
    1) Chemists use the mole as a counting unit to quantify extremely large numbers of particles like atoms and molecules. 2) One mole contains approximately 6.02 x 1023 particles and represents the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. 3) The mole allows chemists to easily determine the number of fundamental particles present in a given sample, regardless of the type of atom or molecule involved.

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    The Mole - Complete

    Uploaded by

    vlattaetae
    14 views11 pages
    1) Chemists use the mole as a counting unit to quantify extremely large numbers of particles like atoms and molecules. 2) One mole contains approximately 6.02 x 1023 particles and represents the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. 3) The mole allows chemists to easily determine the number of fundamental particles present in a given sample, regardless of the type of atom or molecule involved.

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    1) Chemists use the mole as a counting unit to quantify extremely large numbers of particles like atoms and molecules. 2) One mole contains approximately 6.02 x 1023 particles and represents the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. 3) The mole allows chemists to easily determine the number of fundamental particles present in a given sample, regardless of the type of atom or molecule involved.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views11 pages

    The Mole - Complete

    Uploaded by

    vlattaetae
    1) Chemists use the mole as a counting unit to quantify extremely large numbers of particles like atoms and molecules. 2) One mole contains approximately 6.02 x 1023 particles and represents the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. 3) The mole allows chemists to easily determine the number of fundamental particles present in a given sample, regardless of the type of atom or molecule involved.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    6.

    3 The Mole

    1
    Learning Objectives
    • In this lesson, we will focus on two main concepts:

    1. How can we easily and quickly quantify (count) large


    numbers of objects?

    2. What is a mole (the common counting unit used by


    chemists)?

    2
    Personal Story
    • When I was in high school I worked at Rona Home and Garden.
    Once a year, we had to inventory the fasteners (i.e. count every nut,
    bolt, nail, and screw in the entire aisle)

    • How did we do this in a single day?


    3
    Quantifying Objects Using Mass
    • For any large group of identical objects, as long as you know the
    mass of a single unit, you can determine the total quantity of objects
    by weighing the entire group of objects. You can divide the mass of
    the entire group by the mass of a single unit to determine the total
    number of items.

    • Example
    The mass of a single screw is 14.5 g. The mass of an entire bin of
    screws (disregarding the mass of the bin itself) is 4686.4 g. How many
    screws are in the bin?

    4686.4 g
    14.5 g = 323.2 screws ≅ 323 screws
    1 screw
    4
    Alternate Method of Calculation
    • Whenever a calculation is required that converts a value
    with a certain set of units into a value with a different set
    of units (on the previous slide we had to convert a value
    with a unit of “grams” to a value with a unit of “screws”)
    there is a general procedure/template that can be
    followed:
    Conversion factor (relationship)
    that gives desired final units
    # (starting units) x = # (desired units)

    Relationship ? ? Reciprocal Relationship

    5
    Alternate Method of Calculation
    • Example
    The mass of a single screw is 14.5 g. The mass of an entire bin of
    screws (disregarding the mass of the bin itself) is 4686.4 g. How many
    screws are in the bin?
    Conversion factor (relationship)
    that gives desired final units
    4686.4 g x 1 screw = 323.2 screws ≅ 323 screws
    14.5 g
    Relationship X  Reciprocal Relationship
    14.5 g 1 screw
    1 screw 14.5 g

    6
    Alternate Method of Calculation - Practice
    • Example
    The average mass of a single almond is 1.35 g. The mass of an entire
    bag of almonds (disregarding the mass of the bag itself) is 237.42 g.
    How many almonds are in the bag?
    Conversion factor (relationship)
    that gives desired final units
    237.42 g x 1 almond = 175.87 almonds ≅ 176 almonds
    1.35 g
    Relationship X  Reciprocal Relationship
    1.35 g 1 almond
    1 almond 1.35 g

    7
    Alternate Method of Calculation - Practice
    • Example
    The average mass of a single bean is 2.84 g. A customer puts 476
    beans into a bag. What is the total mass of all of the beans in the bag?

    Conversion factor (relationship)


    that gives desired final units
    476 beans x 2.84 g = 1351.84 g ≅ 1350 g
    1 bean
    Relationship  X Reciprocal Relationship
    2.84 g 1 bean
    1 bean 2.84 g

    8
    The Mole – A Counting Unit for Chemists
    • There are many common counting units that are used to
    take many individual items and group them into larger
    collections.

    Counting Unit Description


    1 pair 2 (socks)
    1 dozen 12 (donuts)
    1 century 100 (years)
    1 ream 500 (sheets of paper)

    9
    The Mole – A Counting Unit for Chemists
    • Because chemists must quantify atoms and molecules,
    which are very small and often present in enormous
    numbers, chemists common counting unit is much larger
    than the counting units from the previous slide…
    • 1 mole (symbol: mol) is approximately:
    1 mol = 602 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 particles
    1 mol = 6.02 x 1023 particles
    • The numerical quantity of the mole was arbitrarily defined
    as the number of atoms in a sample of exactly 12 g of
    carbon-12.
    • The value 6.02 x 1023 is often referred to as Avogadro’s
    constant or Avogadro’s number and is denoted as NA

    10
    The Mole – A Counting Unit for Chemists
    • The image below compares a sample of 1 mol of carbon atoms to a sample
    of 1 mol of sulfur atoms

    • Since each sample contains 1 mol of substance, each has the same number
    of atoms. However, because a single atom of sulfur is both heavier and
    larger in volume than a single atom of carbon, 1 mol of sulfur atoms is
    heavier and takes up more space than 1 mol of carbon atoms.
    • In chemistry, amount (n) refers to the number of particles. The SI unit for
    this quantity is the mole. Each sample above has the same amount of
    substance, 1 mol.
    11

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