1. The document describes an experiment to demonstrate electromagnetic induction and the use of a transistor as an electronic switch. It includes a circuit diagram with a primary coil connected to a transistor, a secondary coil connected to an LED, and a power supply.
2. When current flows through the primary coil, it generates a changing magnetic field that induces a voltage in the nearby secondary coil, powering the LED. The transistor acts as a switch to control the current in the primary coil.
3. The experiment successfully shows the principles of electromagnetic induction through the continuous illumination of the LED, highlighting the efficient transfer of energy through magnetic fields. It also demonstrates the transistor's ability to regulate current flow through its action as a switch
1. The document describes an experiment to demonstrate electromagnetic induction and the use of a transistor as an electronic switch. It includes a circuit diagram with a primary coil connected to a transistor, a secondary coil connected to an LED, and a power supply.
2. When current flows through the primary coil, it generates a changing magnetic field that induces a voltage in the nearby secondary coil, powering the LED. The transistor acts as a switch to control the current in the primary coil.
3. The experiment successfully shows the principles of electromagnetic induction through the continuous illumination of the LED, highlighting the efficient transfer of energy through magnetic fields. It also demonstrates the transistor's ability to regulate current flow through its action as a switch
1. The document describes an experiment to demonstrate electromagnetic induction and the use of a transistor as an electronic switch. It includes a circuit diagram with a primary coil connected to a transistor, a secondary coil connected to an LED, and a power supply.
2. When current flows through the primary coil, it generates a changing magnetic field that induces a voltage in the nearby secondary coil, powering the LED. The transistor acts as a switch to control the current in the primary coil.
3. The experiment successfully shows the principles of electromagnetic induction through the continuous illumination of the LED, highlighting the efficient transfer of energy through magnetic fields. It also demonstrates the transistor's ability to regulate current flow through its action as a switch
1. The document describes an experiment to demonstrate electromagnetic induction and the use of a transistor as an electronic switch. It includes a circuit diagram with a primary coil connected to a transistor, a secondary coil connected to an LED, and a power supply.
2. When current flows through the primary coil, it generates a changing magnetic field that induces a voltage in the nearby secondary coil, powering the LED. The transistor acts as a switch to control the current in the primary coil.
3. The experiment successfully shows the principles of electromagnetic induction through the continuous illumination of the LED, highlighting the efficient transfer of energy through magnetic fields. It also demonstrates the transistor's ability to regulate current flow through its action as a switch
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ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
A Project Work Report
By JEBIK BASNET Section: SILVER
Submitted to: _______________________ SUSHMA SECONDARY SCHOOL Itahari, Sunsari
1 Declaration
I hereby declare that the report presented in this project report has been done by myself under the supervision of Mr. Manish khatiwada sir and has not been submitted elsewhere for any examination. All sources of the information have been specifically acknowledged by references to authors or institutions.
2 The project work entitled “Electromagnetic Induction” submitted by Jebik Basnet of Sushma Secondary School, Itahari, and Sunsari, Nepal is prepared under my supervision as per the procedure and format requirements laid by the Department of Physics, Sushma Secondary School, as the partial fulfillment of the requirements of the interval evaluation of grade XII. I, therefore, recommend the report for evaluation. Signature: ………………….
Name of Subject Teacher: Manish Khatiwada
Date: ………………
Endorsement We here by endorse the project work entitled “Electromagnetic Induction” submitted by Jebik Basnet of Sushma Secondary School, Itahari in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the internal evaluation of Chemistry of grade XII.
3 Department Of Physics
Acknowledgemen t I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Mr. Manish Khatiwada for bringing this topic to my attention and for his support and guidance during the preparation of this project work. I am grateful to my physics teachers who contributed to build strong foundation of Physics.
This project aims to demonstrate the principles of
electromagnetic induction and the use of a transistor as a switch in a simple electronic circuit.
Principle
Electromagnetic Induction: Electromagnetic Induction is
a fundamental concept in physics, discovered by michael faraday. It states that a changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a nearby conductor. This phenomenon underlies the operation of transformers, generators, and various electrical devices, where energy transfer occurs through magnetic fields. 6 Lenz law: The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but changes from one form to another. Lenz law is the accordance with the law conservation of energy.
Transistor as a switch: Transistors, like the
2n2222a used in this project, can function as electronic switches. By applying a small voltage or current to the transistor's base terminal, it can be turned "on" or "off, " controlling the flow of a larger current between the collector and emitter terminals. This property is essential for modulating current in the primary coil and regulating the induced voltage in the secondary coil.
Experimental setup:
Transistor: Acts as the electronic switch in the circuit,
controlling the current through the primary coil.
Primary and Secondary coils: The primary coil generates
a changing magnetic field when current flows through it, while the secondary coil is positioned nearby to receive the induced voltage.
7 Led: Serves as the visual indicator, connected to the secondary coil to demonstrate the effect of electromagnetic induction.
Copper wire: Copper wire is used here as the conducting
material and is used as a medium for the current to flow.
Resistor(27K): Connected to the base of the transistor to
regulate the base current, which controls the transistor's switching behaviour.
Power supply (9v):Provides the voltage needed to power
the circuit. The components are connected as follows:
-The positive terminal of the 9v power supply is connected
to one end of the primary coil. -The other end of the primary coil is connected to the collector terminal of the 2n2222a transistor. -The emitter terminal of the transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply, forming a common ground. -A 27k resistor is connected to the base terminal of the transistor. -The other end of the 27k resistor is connected to the primary coil 8 -The secondary coil is connected to the led.
Working mechanism :
Transistor: The transistor is configured as a switch. When
a small voltage is applied to its base terminal, it conducts between the collector and emitter terminals, allowing current to flow through the primary coil. Primary coil: This coil consists of 30 turns with a loop taken out after 15 turns. When current flows through it, it generates a changing magnetic field, which is crucial for electromagnetic induction.
Secondary coil: Positioned close to the primary coil, the
secondary coil has 30 turns. It acts as a receiver of the induced voltage and is connected to the led.
Led: The led serves as a visual indicator, illuminating when
the induced voltage in the secondary coil exceeds the lead's forward voltage.
9 Resistor (27k): Connected to the transistor's base, this resistor controls the base current, determining whether the transistor remains in the "on" state or turns "off. "
Power supply (9v): The power supply provides the
necessary voltage to the circuit.
This configuration allows the transistor to control the
current through the primary coil, creating a changing magnetic field and inducing a voltage in the secondary coil, resulting in the illumination of the led as a visual representation of electromagnetic induction.
Observations:
The led connected to the secondary coil remains
continuously illuminated. There is no blinking or flashing of the led, as the transistor is configured to remain in the "on" state. The primary coil carries a current, generating the necessary changing magnetic field for induction. Conclusions:
The project successfully demonstrates electromagnetic
induction principles and the use of a transistor as a switch. It highlights the efficient transfer of energy through magnetic fields. The continuous illumination of the led signifies the effective operation of the circuit.
10 Precautions:
1.Make sure that the connections are proper
2.The secondary coil should be perpendicular to the primary coil for electromagnetic induction to occur 3.The copper wire’s should be scrapped before connecting to take off the insulator 4.The transistor’s base, emitter and collector pins should be connected with care. 5.The proper transistor and resistor should be used. 6.The turns should be made with precautions and the number of turns as in the instructions.
Applications:
1.Electromagnetic induction is fundamental in devices like
transformers and generators. 2.The project's concepts have practical applications in power generation and transmission. 3.The concept of electromagnetic induction is also used in Tesla coils.
Bibliography
• Wikipedia.com • Google.com • Principle of physics Grade XII • Knowledgecycle.in
