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    Module4 Reflection

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    joshuaairanacal1
    This document discusses evapotranspiration (ET) and methods for estimating ET. It defines ET as the sum of evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants. It describes reference crop ET as estimating ET from a hypothetical grass crop. It outlines four categories of indirect ET estimation methods: temperature-based, radiation-based, pan evaporation-based, and combination methods. It provides examples like the Hargreaves and Thornthwaite methods, describing the equations and processes used in each.

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    Module4 Reflection

    Uploaded by

    joshuaairanacal1
    11 views10 pages
    This document discusses evapotranspiration (ET) and methods for estimating ET. It defines ET as the sum of evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants. It describes reference crop ET as estimating ET from a hypothetical grass crop. It outlines four categories of indirect ET estimation methods: temperature-based, radiation-based, pan evaporation-based, and combination methods. It provides examples like the Hargreaves and Thornthwaite methods, describing the equations and processes used in each.

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    MODULE4_REFLECTION

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    This document discusses evapotranspiration (ET) and methods for estimating ET. It defines ET as the sum of evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants. It describes reference crop ET as estimating ET from a hypothetical grass crop. It outlines four categories of indirect ET estimation methods: temperature-based, radiation-based, pan evaporation-based, and combination methods. It provides examples like the Hargreaves and Thornthwaite methods, describing the equations and processes used in each.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views10 pages

    Module4 Reflection

    Uploaded by

    joshuaairanacal1
    This document discusses evapotranspiration (ET) and methods for estimating ET. It defines ET as the sum of evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants. It describes reference crop ET as estimating ET from a hypothetical grass crop. It outlines four categories of indirect ET estimation methods: temperature-based, radiation-based, pan evaporation-based, and combination methods. It provides examples like the Hargreaves and Thornthwaite methods, describing the equations and processes used in each.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    CE PRO 3

    IRRIGATION
    ENGINEERING

    Module 4: Reflection

    James Well M. Gorme


    BSCE 4A
    CE PRO 3

    WHAT IS
    EVAPOTRANSPIRATION?

    According to Water Science School,


    evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation
    from the land surface plus transpiration from
    plants.
    CE PRO 3

    The typical plant, including any found in a


    landscape, absorbs water from the soil
    through its roots.
    The water eventually is released to the
    atmosphere as vapor via the plant's stomata
    — tiny, closeable, pore-like structures on the
    surfaces of leaves.
    Water also evaporates directly into the
    atmosphere from soil in the vicinity of the
    plant.
    Scientists refer to the combination of
    evaporation and transpiration as
    evapotranspiration, abbreviated ET.
    Actually, water consumed by a landscape is
    equal to the evapotranspiration of the
    various plants plus the amount of water lost
    to deep percolation and to runoff.
    CE PRO 3

    REFERENCE CROP
    EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
    Reference crop evapotranspiration or reference
    evapotranspiration, denoted as ETo or ETref, is the
    estimation of the evapotranspiration from the
    "reference surface." The reference surface is a
    hypothetical grass reference crop with an
    assumed crop height of 0.12 m, a fixed surface
    resistance of 70 s/m and an albedo of 0.23.
    The albedo is defined as the ratio between the
    reflected energy and the incident energy over a
    unit area, from which it can be inferred that there
    is some similarity between the albedo and the
    reflectance.
    CE PRO 3

    ET ESTIMATION
    METHODS
    Due to the wide application of
    evapotranspiration data, various
    indirect ET estimation methods have
    been developed over the years. These
    methods can be grouped into four
    major categories.
    CE PRO 3

    ET ESTIMATION
    METHODS
    Although there is a large number of techniques developed in each category, a
    few examples are given below:
    1. Temperature based (Thornwaite, SCS BlaineyCriddle, FAO24 BlaneyCriddle,
    Hargreaves)
    2. Radiation based (Turc, Preistly Taylor, Jensen-Haise, and FAO 24 Radiation)
    3. Pan evaporation based (Pan evaporation, FAO 24 Pan)
    4. Combination (Penman, Penman Moneith, FAO 56 Penman Monteith)
    CE PRO 3

    HARGREAVES METHOD
    Hargreaves method is a temperature-based method, and it was derived to overcome the non-
    availability of solar radiation data at many locations. Hargreaves and Samani (1985)
    recommended estimating solar radiation from extraterrestrial radiation and proposed the
    following equation for calculating ETo in mm/day.
    CE PRO 3

    THORNTHWAITE METHOD
    1. Begin by computing the monthly heat index.

    2. Sum the 12 month heat index into an annual heat index (I).

    where:
    I = annual heat index
    m = month (1 – January…..12 – December)
    tm = mean temperature of month m
    CE PRO 3

    THORNTHWAITE METHOD
    3. Compute monthly Potential ET.
    CE PRO 3

    SOURCES:
    https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-
    science-school/science/evapotranspiration-
    and-water-cycle#overview
    https://www.weap21.org/WebHelp/Mabia_Al
    g_ETRef.htm#:~:text=Reference%20crop%20e
    vapotranspiration%20or%20reference,m%20a
    nd%20an%20albedo%20of
    Advanced Remote Sensing, 2012
    Irrigation Engineering Module 4 by Engr.
    Perante, 2022
    Rodney Barker, 2017

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