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    Allergy

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    luvvemulle
    Allergy is an abnormal reaction of the immune system to a previously encountered harmless substance. Allergens trigger the production of IgE antibodies which cause the release of histamine and other chemicals, resulting in symptoms. Diagnosis involves a patient history, skin testing, and blood tests. Treatment depends on symptoms but may include antihistamines, epinephrine injections, immunotherapy, and avoidance of allergens. Complications can include Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock.

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    Allergy

    Uploaded by

    luvvemulle
    9 views2 pages
    Allergy is an abnormal reaction of the immune system to a previously encountered harmless substance. Allergens trigger the production of IgE antibodies which cause the release of histamine and other chemicals, resulting in symptoms. Diagnosis involves a patient history, skin testing, and blood tests. Treatment depends on symptoms but may include antihistamines, epinephrine injections, immunotherapy, and avoidance of allergens. Complications can include Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock.

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    Allergy is an abnormal reaction of the immune system to a previously encountered harmless substance. Allergens trigger the production of IgE antibodies which cause the release of histamine and other chemicals, resulting in symptoms. Diagnosis involves a patient history, skin testing, and blood tests. Treatment depends on symptoms but may include antihistamines, epinephrine injections, immunotherapy, and avoidance of allergens. Complications can include Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    9 views2 pages

    Allergy

    Uploaded by

    luvvemulle
    Allergy is an abnormal reaction of the immune system to a previously encountered harmless substance. Allergens trigger the production of IgE antibodies which cause the release of histamine and other chemicals, resulting in symptoms. Diagnosis involves a patient history, skin testing, and blood tests. Treatment depends on symptoms but may include antihistamines, epinephrine injections, immunotherapy, and avoidance of allergens. Complications can include Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Allergy

    Definition is an abnormal reaction of the immune system which is characterized by hypersensitivity of an organism to a previously encountered usually harmless
    substance.
    Etiology & The cause of allergic reaction is allergen. A particle or a substance that provokes allergic response is known as an allergen. Allergens are divided into
    Pathogenesis exogenous (allergens that enter the body from without) and endogenous (body cells or tissues). Common exogenous allergens include dust, mold, pollen,
    drugs, animal dander, insect venom, poison ivy, food, heat and cold.
    There are 3 stages of allergic reaction.
    Immune stage – the stage of sensitization. The complex allergen-antibody is formed at this stage. The specific antibodies produced in an allergic reaction
    are known as Immunoglobulin E. These antibodies trigger the release of histamine, leukotriene and other chemicals when the organism is exposed to an
    allergen.
    Pathochemical stage is characterized by release of chemical transmitters (histamine) which trigger the allergic reaction. Histamine causes smooth
    muscles of the airways and GI tract to be contracted. It also increases the secretion of mucous production and pruritus. Histamine causes blood vessels to
    dilate and become more permeable. In the lungs histamine causes swelling of airways.
    Pathophysiological stage is the stage of clinical manifestations.
    Methods of Taking anamnesis
    diagnostics Skin test – the small amounts of suspected allergen are placed on the skin of the upper arm or back. The skin is scratched to allow entry of the allergen is
    injected. Swelling and redness at the test site are considered a positive result. Several allergens are usually tested at the same time.
    The Radioallergosorbent Test measures the amounts of specific IgE antibodies in the blood stream. The results are not immediately available.
    Blood test which may show the high level of eosinophils.
    Clinical pattern Symptoms of an allergic reaction vary depending on the type of allergen, how is entered the system, and the location in the body at which contact
    occurred. An inhaled allergen can cause sinus congestion, rhinitis, watery eyes, or wheezing and impaired breathing. An allergic reaction caused by
    contact between an allergen and the skin can result in itching, rash, or hives, raised itchy bumps on the skin. An allergic reaction to a food or a drug can
    greatly vary and may affect the entire body; reactions may include hives, swelling, or inability to breathe.
    Treatment If a food allergy is suspected, one food for a time is eliminated from the diet and then added back to determine if it is triggering the allergic reaction.
    Antihistamines are the drugs most often used to control symptoms of allergic reactions.
    Symptomatic treatment may be applied. Vasoconstrictors (nasal drops) are used to relieve nasal congestion. Ocular drops are used against red and
    watery eyes. Topical ointments with corticosteroids relieve itching.
    A shot of epinephrine is given in the case of severe allergic reactions.
    Corticosteroids are injected to stop severe allergic reactions such as hives, Quincke’s oedema, anaphylactic shock.
    Short-acting bronchodilators provide quick or "rescue" relief from acute bronchoconstriction.
    Allergy shots or immunotherapy can be administered to eliminate the allergy entirely. In immunotherapy, a small amount of an allergen is injected in
    order to stimulate the body to produce an antibody to neutralize it. This, in turn, blocks the IgE antibodies from reacting with the allergen and provoking
    the allergic response.
    Complications Quincke’s oedema, anaphylactic shock, asthma attack.
    Prevention Keep your home clean and well ventilated
    Cut down on dust around your living area by cleaning regularly
    Avoid overusing antibacterial substances
    Avoid contact with substances that cause allergy

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