Ehs 306

NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COURSE CODE: EHS 306
COURSE TITLE: SANITARY INSPECTION FOR

PREMISES
65
COURSE
GUIDE
EHS 306
SANITARY INSPECTION OF PREMISES
Course Team Dr. Ibrahim Shehu Omoniyi (Course Developer/

Writer/Coordinator) – NOUN
Prof. Afolabi Adebanjo (Programme Leader) –
NOUN
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

66
National Open University of Nigeria
Headquarters
14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way
Victoria Island, Lagos
Abuja Office
5 Dar es Salaam Street
Off Aminu Kano Crescent
Wuse II, Abuja
e-mail: centralinfo@nou.edu.ng
URL: www.nou.edu.ng
Published by
National Open University of Nigeria
Printed 2014
ISBN: 978-058-895-0
All Rights Reserved
67
CONTENTS PAGE
Introduction ……………………………………………… iv
What you will Learn in this Course……………………… iv
Course Aim ……………………………………………… iv
Course Objectives ……………………………………….. v
Working through this Course ……………………………. v
Course Material ………………………………………….. v
Study Units ………………………………………………. vi
Textbooks and References ………………………………. vii
Presentation Schedule ……………………………………. vii
Assessment ………………………………………………. vii
Tutor-Marked Assignments (TMAs) ……………………. vii
Final Examination and Grading …………………………. viii
Course Overview………………………………………..... viii
Facilitators/Tutors and Tutorials ………………………… x
Summary …………………………………………………. x
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INTRODUCTION
EHS 306 Sanitary Inspection of Premises is a two-credit unit course

available to all students of Bachelor of Environmental Health Science.
The inspection of premises has been the traditional duty of
environmental health officers to the extent that it has become the
trademark of the profession. In South West Nigeria for instance, people
call them wole-wole i.e. people who are well versed in inspection of
houses. The emphasis on inspection of premises paid off in those days
because there was drastic reduction in mortality and morbidity rates, the
environment was beautiful and non-degraded.
Therefore, inspection of premises in environmental health practice is a

fundamental oversight function of sanitarians. The overall purpose of
this aspect of duties is to detect and abate nuisances with a view to
promoting health, preventing diseases and death.
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS COURSE
This course guide explains what you should expect from reading the
course material, what course materials you need and how to work with
them.
In this course, you will learn about sanitary inspection of premises,

types of premises, guidelines for all types of premises, tools for use
during inspection of premises and procedure for enforcement of laws
and regulations.
Tutor-marked assignments will also be given and are expected to be

done by you. Finally, it is expected that the course will prepare you for
the challenges you are likely to meet in the field of study of
environmental health.
COURSE AIMS
The aim of this course is to empower you with the needful skills in one
of the prominent roles of an environmental health officer, i.e. inspection
of premises (house to house inspection) for detection and abatement of
nuisances. This is to promote clean and healthy environment for the
populace, prevent sanitation related diseases, illnesses and injuries; thus,
reduce poverty and increase life expectancy.
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COURSE OBJECTIVES
On successful completion of the course, you should be able to:
 define inspection, nuisance and setback

 define environmental health officer
 describe the types of premises
 differentiate between regulated and non-regulated premises
 enumerate the objectives and the purpose of sanitary inspection
of premises
 list all the sanitary requirements of living premises
 acquire the skill of handling all essential tools for inspection of
premises like private slaughterhouses, registration of food
premises and pest/vector control outfit; schools, market, etc.
 write an environmental sanitation report
 discuss the processes involved in the enforcement of public
health laws
 describe the general guidelines for report writing
 describe the roles of the federal ministry of environment, state
ministry of environment/agencies in states, state ministry of
health as well as local government authority responsible for
sanitation matters
 discuss the strategies for sustaining sanitary inspection of
premises.
WORKING THROUGH THIS COURSE
This course has been carefully put together to ensure that adequate
explanation and illustrations are made to enhance your better
comprehension. You are therefore advised to spend quality time to study
this course and ensure that you attend tutorial sessions where you can
ask questions and share your knowledge with your course mates. Each
unit contains tutor-marked assignments (TMAs). This course should
take about 15 weeks to complete.
COURSE MATERIALS
The main components of the course materials are:
 The Course Guide

 Study Units
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STUDY UNITS
This course is divided into 15 units discussed under 3 modules as given

below:
Module 1
Unit 1 Basic Concepts, Definition and Types of Premises

Unit 2 Justification, Sanitary Requirements and Checklist for
Sanitary Inspection of Premises
Unit 3 Guidelines for Routine Sanitary Inspection of Premises
Module 2
Unit 1 Guidelines for Appraisal of Food Premises

Unit 2 Guidelines for Routine Inspection of Hotels and Food
Premises
Unit 3 Guidelines for Routine Inspection of Special Premises
Unit 4 Inspection of Marketplaces, Recreational and Hospitality
Facilities
Module 3
Unit 1 Tools for Inspection of Premises

Unit 2 Abatement Notice, Complaint and Complaint
Acknowledgment Forms
Unit 3 Tools for Sanitary Inspection of Schools, Markets and
Abattoirs
Unit 4 Tools for Sanitary Inspection of Private Slaughterhouses,
Registration of Food Premises, and Pest/Vector Control
Outfit
Module 4
Unit 1 Environmental Sanitation Report

Unit 2 Process of Enforcing Public Health Laws
Unit 3 Institutional Roles
Unit 4 Guidelines for Report Writing
Each unit consists of one or two weeks work and include an

introduction, objectives, main content, reading materials, exercises,
conclusion, summary, tutor-marked assignments, references and other
resources. The various units direct you to work on exercises related to
the required reading. In general, the exercises test you on the materials
you have just covered or require you to apply it in a way that will assist
you to evaluate your own progress and to reinforce your understanding
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of the material. Alongside the TMAs, these exercises will help you to
achieve the stated learning objectives of the individual units and course
as a whole.
TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES
You are advised to consult as many textbooks/journals/Internet sources,

etc. contained at the end of every unit for your enrichment.
PRESENTATION SCHEDULE
Your course materials have important dates for the early and timely
completion and submission of your TMAs and attending tutorials. You
are expected to submit all your assignments by the stipulated time and
date and guard against falling behind in your work.
ASSESSMENT
Part of the course assessment includes the tutor-marked assignments. In

tackling the assignments, you are expected to use the information,
knowledge and techniques gathered during the course. The assignments
must be submitted to your facilitator for formal assessment in line with
the deadlines stated in the presentation schedule and assignment file.
The assignment that you submit to your tutor for assessment will count
for 30% of your total course work. At the end of the course you will sit
for a final end of course examination of about three hours. This
examination will count for 70% of your total course mark.
TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT
The TMA is a continuous component of your course. It accounts for

30% of the total score. You will be given for four TMAs to answer.
Three of these must be answered before you are allowed to sit for the
end of course examination. The TMAs will be given to you by your
facilitator and returned after you have done the assignment. Assignment
questions for the units in this course are contained in the assignment file.
You will be able to complete your assignment from the information and
material contained in your reading, references and study units. However,
it is desirable in all levels of education to demonstrate that you have
read and researched more into your references, which will give you a
wider viewpoint of the subject.
Make sure that each assignment reaches your facilitator on or before the
deadline given in the presentation schedule and assignment file. If for
any reason you cannot complete your work on time, contact your
facilitator before the assignment is due to discuss the possibility of an
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extension. Extension will not be granted after the due date unless there
are exceptional circumstances.
FINAL EXAMINATION AND GRADING
The end of semester examination for EHS 306 will be for about 3 hours
and it has a value of 70% of the total course work. The examination will
consist of questions, which will reflect the type of tutor-marked
assignments you have previously encountered. All areas of the course
will be assessed, therefore, use the time between finishing the last unit
and sitting for the examination to revise the whole course. You might
find it useful to review your TMAs and comments on them before the
examination. The end of course examination covers information from all
parts of the course.
COURSE MARKING SCHEME
Assignment Marks
Assignments 1-4 Four assignments, best three
marks of the four count 30%
course marks.
End of course examination 70% of overall course marks
Total 100% of course materials
COURSE OVERVIEW
The table indicates the units and the number of weeks required to
complete them and the assignments.
Unit Title of Work Weeks Assessment

Activity (End of Unit)
Course Guide Week 1
Module 1
Unit 1 Basic Concepts, Week 1 Assignment 1
Definition and Types of
Premises
Unit 2 Justification, Sanitary Week 2 Assignment 2
Requirements and
Checklist for Sanitary
Inspection of Premises.
Unit 3 Guidelines for Routine Week 3 Assignment 3
Sanitary Inspection
73
Module 2
Unit 1 Guidelines for Appraisal Week 4 Assignment 4
of Food Premises

Inspection of Hotels and
Food Premises
Inspection of Special
Premises
Unit 4 Inspection of Week 8 Assignment 7
Marketplaces,
Recreational and
Hospitality Facilities
Module 3
Unit 1 Tools for Inspection of Week 9 Assignment 8
Premises
Unit 2 Abatement Notice, Week 10 Assignment 9
Complaint and
Complaint
Unit 3 Tools for Sanitary Week 11 Assignment 10
Inspection of Schools,
Markets and Abattoirs
Unit 4 Tools for Sanitary Week 11 Assignment 11
Inspection of Private
Slaughterhouses,
Registration of Food
Premises, and
Pest/Vector Control
Outfit
Module 4
Unit 1 Environmental Sanitation Week 12 Assignment 12
Report
Unit 2 Process of Enforcing Week 13 Assignment 13
Public Health Laws
Unit 3 Institutional Roles Week 14 Assignment 14
Unit 4 Guidelines for Report Week 15 Assignment 15
Writing
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FACILITATORS/TUTORS AND TUTORIALS
There are 15 hours of tutorials provided in support of this course. You

will be notified of the dates, times and location of the tutorials as well as
the name and the phone number of your facilitator, as soon as you are
allocated a tutorial group.
Your facilitator will mark and comment on your assignments, keep a

close watch on your progress and any difficulties you might face and
provide assistance to you during the course. You are expected to mail
your tutor-marked assignments to your facilitator before the schedule
date (at least two working days are required). They will be marked by
your tutor and returned to you as soon as possible.
Do not delay to contact your facilitator by telephone or e-mail if you

need assistance.
The following might be circumstances in which you would find

assistance necessary, hence you would have to contact your facilitator if:
 you do not understand any part of the study or the assigned

readings
 you have difficulty with tutor-marked assignments
 you have a question or problem with an assignment or with the
grading of an assignment.
You should endeavour to attend the tutorials. This is the only chance to
have face to face contact with your course facilitator and to ask question
which are answered instantly. You can raise any problem encountered in
the course of your study.
To gain more benefit from course tutorials prepare a question list before
attending them. You will learn a lot from participating actively in the
discussions.
SUMMARY
This course intends to provide you with the knowledge of sanitary

inspection of premises as one of the core functions of an environmental
health officer.
At the end of this course, you should be able to answer the following:

 describe types of premises
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 differentiate between regulated and non-regulated premises
 enumerate the objectives and the purposes of sanitary inspection
of premises
 state when you will serve an abatement notice
 define an environmental sanitation report
 discuss the processes involved in enforcement of public health
laws
 describe the general guidelines for report writing
 describe the roles of the federal ministry of environment, state
ministry of environment/agencies in states, state ministry of
health as well as local government authority responsible for
sanitation matters
 mention the strategies for sustaining sanitary inspection of
premises.
We wish you success in this course and hope that you will apply the
knowledge gained to promote good sanitary practices in your
environment.
Good luck.
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MAIN
COURSE
CONTENTS PAGE
Module 1 ……………………………………………… 1
Unit 1 Basic Concepts, Definition and Types of Premises 1

Unit 2 Justification, Sanitary Requirements and Checklist
for Sanitary Inspection of Premises………… 6
Unit 3 Guidelines for Routine Sanitary Inspection of
Premises…………………………………….. 15
Module 2 ………………………………………………. 19
Unit 1 Guidelines for Appraisal of Food Premises 19

Unit 2 Guidelines for Routine Inspection of Hotels
and Food Premises …………………………. 23
Unit 3 Guidelines for Routine Inspection of Special
Premises …………………………………….. 26
Unit 4 Inspection of Marketplaces, Recreational and
Hospitality Facilities………………………… 29
Module 3 ………………………………………………. 34
Unit 1 Tools for Inspection of Premises……………. 34

Acknowledgment Forms …………………… 46
Unit 3 Tools for Sanitary Inspection of Schools,
Markets and Abattoirs………………………. 51
Unit 4 Tools for Sanitary Inspection of Private
Slaughterhouses, Registration of Food Premises,
and Pest/Vector Control Outfit……………… 59
Module 4 ………………………………………………. 65
Unit 1 Environmental Sanitation Report……………. 65

Unit 2 Process of Enforcing Public Health Laws….. 72
Unit 3 Institutional Roles…………………………… 79
Unit 4 Guidelines for Report Writing………………. 83
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MODULE 1
Unit 1 Basic Concepts, Definition and Types of Premises

Unit 2 Justification, Sanitary Requirements and Checklist for
Sanitary Inspection of Premises
Unit 3 Guidelines for Routine Sanitary Inspection of Premises
UNIT 1 BASIC CONCEPTS, DEFINITION AND TYPES

OF PREMISES
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Background
3.2 House
3.3 Premises
3.3.1 Regulated Premises
3.3.2 Non-Regulated Premises
3.4 Inspection
3.5 ‘Approach’
3.6 Setback and Airspace
3.7 Nuisance
3.8 Public Health Laws
3.9 Environmental Health Officer
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
6.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment
7.0 References/Further Reading
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The inspection of premises has been the traditional duty of

environmental health officers to the extent that it has become the
trademark of the profession. In South West Nigeria for instance, people
call them wole-wole, i.e. people who are well versed in the inspection of
houses. The emphasis on inspection of premises paid off in those days
because there was drastic reduction in mortality and morbidity rates, the
environment was beautiful and non-degraded.
Therefore, inspection of premises in environmental health practice is a

this aspect of duties is to detect and abate nuisances with a view to
promote health, prevent diseases and death.
78
In environmental health practice, the word ‘premises’ is used to describe
passage, building, land, tenement, vehicle, van, ship or vessel and
aircraft in any port or on any inland waters used or intended for use by
man. In this unit, you will learn some concepts, definitions and other
terminologies that are used in the course of sanitary inspection of
premises.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:

 describe types of premises
 differentiate between regulated and non-regulated premises.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 Background
The environment plays a major role in the health and well-being

of the individual. In developing countries, the major causes of
morbidity and mortality are traceable to factors arising from poor
environmental sanitation. Poor housing, coupled with rapid increase in
population in the urban and rural centres have encouraged the
occurrence of various environmental health hazards including,
overcrowding in living accommodations, inadequate water supply, poor
solid waste management and indiscriminate disposal of faeces. In some
instances, reared animals co-habit the already overcrowded living
accommodations with humans, thus promoting the spread of zoonotic
infections.
3.2 House
A house can be defined as a man made physical structure which is

designed to meet specific purposes of man and which contributes to his
healthy existence. A house could be residential, office (a place of work),
shopping centre, or factory depending on the needs for which it is
intended (WAHEB, 1991). A house can also be defined as a building, a
home, a shelter and/or refuge which was constructed by man that may
serve as living quarters for one or more families, as an industry, factory,
office, place of work or business of any sort which contributes to his/her
physical and social well-being.
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3.3 Premises
The word premises is used to describe passage, building, land, tenement,

vehicle, van, ship or vessel and aircraft in any port or on any inland
waters used or intended for use by man and includes:
i. A dwelling-house or a building within the courtyard of a dwelling

house, building, land, tenement, hotel, school, recreational
facility, factory, vehicle, van, and ship or vessel in any port or on
any inland waters.
ii. A ground immediately outside any dwelling-house or any
building within the courtyard of a dwelling house or a compound.
3.3.1 Regulated Premises
Regulated premises means and includes but not limited to bake-house

(bakery), hotel, corn and rice-mill, aerated water factory, office, dairy,
eating-house (eateries), food-preparing and food-preserving
establishment, hospital, school, discotheque, park, garden, beaches,
stadium, manufacturing factory, etc. and include those land, tenement,
hotel, school, recreational facility, factory, abattoir, vehicle, van, and
ship or vessel in any port or on any inland waters or a ground
immediately outside any dwelling-house or any building within the
courtyard of a dwelling house or a compound.
3.3.2 Non-Regulated Premises
Non- regulated premises are referred to as residential houses.
3.4 Inspection
An inspection means the act of looking closely at something/somebody,

especially to check that everything is satisfactory or to carry out an
examination of something/somebody.
Routine Inspection is the day-to-day regular premises inspection while

Incidental or Special inspection of premises is usually necessitated by a
complaint or other reasons.
3.5 ‘Approach’
The “approach” to a building for residential purpose includes the access,

building line, setback and drainage system.
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3.6 Setback and Airspace
Setback is used to describe the distance between the building line and
the frontage fence wall and is usually not less than six metres, while the
distance between a building and its side and back boundaries or
adjoining plot is usually not less than 3 metres. It is also important to
know that the distance between the public drain (external drain) to the
building is usually not less than 1.2 metres.
3.7 Nuisance
A nuisance is any act, omission, place or thing which is or may be

dangerous to life or injurious to health or property. It also refers to any
premises on which servant or workmen are employed and
suitable/adequate sanitary conveniences are not provided is also a
nuisance.
You will learn about specific statutory nuisances under the public health
laws in the course of your study.
3.8 Public Health Laws
Public health laws are those rules and regulations intended to guide
peoples’ behaviour. They are laid down in a given area by the authority
and are enforced in the area by the authority to prevent the spread of
diseases, to prolong life and promote physical, mental and social well-
being of man.
3.9 Environmental Health Officer
An environmental health officer is a professional who has undergone the

prescribed training for environmental health officers in an accredited
training institution (e.g. university, monotechnic) and is duly registered
or licensed to practice the profession within his state or country. In
Nigeria, such a person must be registered with the Environmental Health
Officers Registration Council of Nigeria (EHORECON) in line with Act
11, of 2002.
4.0 CONCLUSION
Sanitary inspection of premises in environmental health practice is a

this aspect of duties is to detect nuisances and abate them. There are
different types of premises, i.e. regulated and non-regulated. Every
premises must have its own approach and setback.
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5.0 SUMMARY
In this unit, you have been introduced to the meaning of premises,

inspection, setback, nuisance, environmental health officer and the
differences between regulated and non-regulated premises.
6.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT
1. Describe the following terms:

a. Setback
b. Nuisance
c. Premises
2. Differentiate between regulated and non-regulated premises.
7.0 REFERENCES/FURTHER READING
Gemson, G.S. (2006). Concise Public Health Laws and History for
Developed Countries. Takum, Taraba State: Sani Printing Press.
International Year of Sanitation  Action Plan for Nigeria.
John, D. C. & Steven, C.H. (1992). Environmental

Problems/Behavioural Solution. California: Brooks/Coles.
La Fond, A. (1991). Sustaining Primary Health Care. London:

Earthscan.
Oluwagbemi, B. F. (2003). Themes and Issues in Occupational Health

and Safety. Ibadan: Hure Prints.
“Policy Guidelines on Sanitary Inspection of Premises.” Developed by

Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja, January 2005.
Raymond, S.M. (1995). Economic Development and the Environment.

Mandell GID.
Robin, C., John, G. & Warren, M.L. (1991). Law, Policy and the
Environment. Wales: Basil Blackwell.
Simpson, M. & Ovid, S. (Eds). Sanitation Promotion.
Unuraye, L.O. & Olojoba, A.O. (2005). Occupational Safety and

Environmental Health Management. Ughelli, Delta State:
Amaohor Printing Press.
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UNIT 2 JUSTIFICATION, SANITARY
REQUIREMENTS AND CHECKLIST FOR
SANITARY INSPECTION OF PREMISES
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Purposes and Objectives of Premises Inspection
3.2 Sanitary Requirement of Living Premises
3.3 Checklist for Sanitary Inspection of Premises (Form E. S. 1)
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Premises that are usually encountered by field environmental health

officers include but are not limited to: residential premises, food
premises, hotels, offices, industries, business centre, hospitals, clinics,
markets, slaughter houses. In carrying out sanitary inspection of
premises, The Policy Guidelines on Sanitary Inspection of Premises was
developed by the Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja January,
2005. The above statements underscore the importance of sanitary
inspection of premises by sanitarians.
In this unit, we shall be looking at the objectives of sanitary inspection

of premises. You will also learn the basic requirements of a sanitary
living premises as well as the checklist to be used for such inspection.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
 enumerate the objectives as well as the purpose of sanitary

inspection of premises
 complete a sample tool/checklist for inspection of living
premises.
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3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 Purposes and Objectives of Premises Inspection
The National Council on Health during its meeting in Jos in 1991

recommended that all states in the federation should re-introduce house
to house inspection (sanitary inspection of premises) in all local
government areas as a means of raising the level of environmental
sanitation in Nigeria. This was based on the recognition of the vital roles
played by sanitary inspectors in ensuring general cleanliness in homes
and communities during the colonial and immediate post-independence
era. The call by the National Council on Health was further reinforced
by the National Council on Environment, which also recommended
during its meetings in Kano and Ilorin in September 2000 and December
2003 respectively, the re-introduction of house to house sanitary
inspection in all the local government areas of the federation.
General purpose
 To detect and abate all nuisances.
 To conform to byelaws particularly health regulations and
prevention of overcrowding.
 To improve standard by having approved plans before buildings
are constructed.
 To allocate social amenities.
Objectives
 To strengthen sanitary inspection of premises (house to house
inspection) for detection and abatement of nuisances.
 To promote clean and healthy environment for the populace.
 To prevent sanitation related diseases, illness and injuries thus
reduce poverty and increase life expectancy.
The type of building usually determines the type of material for

construction and the facilities to be provided. Houses that serve as
shelter for human beings (living premises), a place for relaxation, are
often constructed of durable materials. For every building, a file is to be
opened by the environmental health officer who oversees the area in
which the building is located. The officer should endeavour to duly
complete for such premises Form E.S.1 (see sample below). The
approved building plan of such premises should also be included in the
file as page 1, while Form E.S.1 becomes page 2.
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3.2 Sanitary Requirement of Living Premises
a. Rooms
The living room shall have not less than 12 square metres of floor area,
an average height of not less than 2.7metres and width of not less than
2.4metres.
b. Lighting
Rooms shall be well lit.
c. Ventilation
Every living room shall contain at least one window in one wall opening
directly to the external air. The total area of the window or windows in
any one room clear of the frames shall be equal to at least one-eighth of
the floor area of the room.
In addition, every room must have provision for cross ventilation in the
form of either a second window or large ventilator in one of the other
walls and this may open to an internal corridor if the latter is not
ventilated at both ends.
Properties shall not be kept in the room in such a manner as to obstruct

the free flow of fresh air.
d. Bathroom accommodation
Adequate numbers of bathroom accommodation of not less than 1.5
square metres shall be provided for the occupiers of the building.
e. Kitchen
A kitchen of not less than 2.0 square metres of floor area shall be
provided. The number of kitchens shall depend on the number of
households in the building.
f. Water supply
Adequate water shall be provided for the use of occupants. The source
of water supply shall be safe in quality and adequate in quantity. The
source shall not be less than 30 metres away from any source of possible
contamination.
The Environmental Sanitation Authority shall ensure the regular

monitoring of drinking water quality in its area of jurisdiction.
It shall inspect regularly and register all water points from where water
is collected for sale to the public.
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All water tankers used to convey water within its area of jurisdiction
shall be registered with the Sanitation Authority. The water tanker
owner shall ensure that such a tanker conforms to the standard
requirement of the relevant authority.
The owner of a borehole or other water points shall apply to the

Sanitation Authority having jurisdiction in that area for registration of
the water point from where water shall be sold to the public. The
environmental health officer shall inspect the location, collect samples
of the water and send same for analysis in a government laboratory.
Where no such laboratory exists in the area, a registered private
laboratory may be used. The owner of the premises shall pay the cost of
such analysis.
The water so tested shall conform to the National Standard for Drinking
Water Quality. The water point conforming to the required standard
shall be licensed. Such a license shall be renewed every year. The water
point shall be regularly monitored to ensure that high standard is
maintained.
f. Refuse disposal
Every household shall provide a covered bin or other receptacle into
which household refuse is placed. Sheltered refuse collection points
shall be provided in houses with more than four (4) floors.
g. Excreta disposal
Every house shall have suitable and adequate numbers of sanitary
latrines/toilets. This shall be built of hygienic, easy to clean materials,
accessible and designed to minimise the proliferation/harbourage of
disease vectors.
The latrine/toilet shall provide adequate privacy for users. The

latrine/toilet shall be located to avoid potential contamination of water
sources and surface soil. There shall be no handling of fresh faeces.
The following minimum number of latrines/toilets to the number of

persons indicated below shall be accepted as ideal:
1 - 10 persons 1 toilet
11 - 20 persons 2 toilets
Over 100 persons, one toilet to every additional 30 persons.
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3.3 Checklist for Sanitary Inspection of Premises (Form E. S.
1)
A checklist for use in the course of sanitary inspection of premises

(house to house inspection has been developed by the Federal Ministry
of Environment. It is referred to as Form E.S. 1.
Form E.S.1 is now an approved tool to be carried along by sanitarian

while conducting inspection of living premises. The form is to be duly
completed, coded appropriately and signed accordingly. Such forms are
to be analysed weekly or monthly as the case may be to collect data that
can later be used to generate tables, frequencies, bar charts, etc. that
would depict status or trends in sanitary conditions of premises in a
particular areas or community.
An example of Form E.S.1 is presented below.
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA

SANITARY INSPECTION OF PREMISES FORM (APPRAISAL)
PREMISES NO…… ……..STREET………….……………………….

VILLAGE ……………………… WARD…………………………….
L GA………..……….…………STATE ……………………………….
NAME OF OWNER ………………………….…………..
ADDRESS OF OWNER …………………………………
CODE AS APPROPIATE
……………………………………………………………………………
1. EXISTING HOUSE DESCRIPTION
Type of Premises ………………………………………………
2. BUILDING PLAN Approved Plan Number

(a) approved Occupant Permit
No……………………………………………...
(b) not approved
………………………………………………
3. APPROACH Date …………………………………………...
a) Access road into premises Date of Inspection
b) Conform to building line requirement
c) Setback/air space requirement
d) Pedestrians right of way
87
e) Any shops or other construction blocking
pedestrians right of way
f) Drainage
g) Overgrown weeds on sides of premises
4. AREA BUILT UPON

(a) Residential 50% area of site
(b) Commercial premises 75%
5. INTERNAL INSPECTION
ROOMS
a) Living rooms not less than l2sqrn of floor area
Average height of 2.7 meters and width of 2.4 meters
(b) Ventilation
i One window at least open directly to
the external air
ii. Total area of widow clear the frame
not less than 1/8 of the floor area
iii. Provision of 2nd window available or ventilator
iv. Properties blocking ventilation in room
6. WATER SUPPLY
(a) Not less than 30 meters away from
Possible contamination
(b) Water supply source;
(c) Is it adequate?
(d) Is it functional?
7. TOILET FACILITY
(a) It is provided?
(b) Type of such facilities
(c) No such facilities `
8. KITCHEN
a. Kitchen of not less than 2.0 sq. mtrs
b. Is it provided?
c. Is it adequate?
d. Is the location within?
9. BATHROOM ACCOMMODATION
b. Is it provided?
c. Is it adequate?
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10. REFUSE DISPOSAL
a. Is dustbin on premises?
b. Sheltered refuse collection point in multi
occupancy house
c. No of such dust bin
d. Is it adequate?
e. Is it sanitary?
f. Who provides collection service?
g. How often is collection done?
11. TRADE CARRIED OUT IN THE PREMISES

a. Permit authorising such trade in the premises
b. Availability of Permit No
c. Has permit expired?
12. DRAINAGE
a. It is provided?
b. Is it flowing freely?
c. Is wall broken/cracked?
d. Is gradient adequate?
13. GENERAL SURROUNDING

a. Evidence of overcrowding
b. Evidence of pest infestation
c. Evidence of overgrown weeds
Environmental Health Officer/Date HOD/Date
CODES TO BE USED
1. Estate
2. Bungalow
3. Duplex
4. Block of flats
5. Single rooms occupation
6. Multi-occupation
7. Satisfactory
8. Not satisfactory
9. Adequate
10. Inadequate
11. Functional
12. Non functional
13. Sanitary
14. Insanitary
15. Provided
16. Not provided
17. Accumulation of articles/properties
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18. No accumulation of articles/properties
19. Clean
20. Dirty
21. Broken
22. Not broken
23. Crack
24. Not cracked
25. Conformity
26. Not conformity
27. Flowing
28. Not flowing
29. Available
30. Not available
31. Dampness
32. No dampness
33. Leakage
34. No leakage
35. Infested
36. Not infested
37. Overcrowded
38. Not overcrowded
39. Overgrown weed
40. Trimmed weed
41. Located within
42. Not located within
43. Public mains
44. Borehole
45. Sanitary well
46. Rain water harvested
47. Water vendor
48. Stream/River
49. Samples taken
50. Samples not taken
51. Expired
52. Not expired
53. Flowing
54. Not flowing
55. Daily
56. Weekly
57. Bi-weekly
58. Monthly
59. Not at all
60. Water clock
61. Pour flush
62. VIPL
63. Traditional pit latrine
90
64. No toilet
65. Refuse sheltered
66. Refuse not sheltered
67. Government
68. Private
69. Permit issued
70. Permit not issued
4.0 CONCLUSION
Sanitary inspection of premises is a fundamental oversight function of

an environmental health officer. Some of the reasons for this type of
inspection are to detect and abate nuisances with a view to promote
clean and healthy environment for the populace. It also aimed at
preventing sanitation related diseases, illness, injuries and even death.
5.0 SUMMARY
In this unit, you learnt the objectives as well as the purpose of sanitary
inspection of premises. You also learnt sanitary requirements of living
premises and the essential tools for use during house to house
inspection.
1. What are the objectives of sanitary inspection of premises?

2. Enumerate all the basic sanitary requirements of living premises.

Simpson, S. & Ovid, S. (Eds). Sanitation Promotion.
91
UNIT 3 GUIDELINES FOR ROUTINE SANITARY
INSPECTION OF PREMISES
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objective
3.0 Main Content
3.1 External Inspection
3.2 Internal Inspection
3.3 Toilet Accommodation
3.4 Bathroom Accommodation
3.5 Kitchen
3.6 Water Supply
3.7 Refuse Disposal
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In unit 2, we learnt the objectives and the tools to use for sanitary
inspection of premises. In this unit, we will now look at the professional
guidelines for Routine Sanitary Inspection of Premises (RSIP).
2.0 OBJECTIVE
 systematically explain the procedure of routine sanitary

inspection of premises.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
When an environmental health officer visits any premises for inspection,

the first thing he does is to present his identity card and introduce
himself to the owner or occupier of the premises and inform him/her
about his mission. After this, the inspection of the premises commences.
The procedure for routine sanitary inspection of premises is systematic,
beginning as follows:
3.1 External Inspection
The environmental health officer shall examine the general

environmental sanitation of the premises and check for:
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 over-grown weeds, which may harbour reptiles, rats and other
vermin of public health importance
 tall trees which may be prejudicial to the health of the inhabitants
 derelict and disused materials like cars, tyres, damaged furniture,
etc. capable of harbouring rodents and other vermin in or around
the premises including adjourning streets
 stagnant water and other water bearing plants or other receptacles
capable of breeding mosquitoes
 dangerous excavations within the premises, including defective
septic tanks.
 type, nature and condition of the roof
 evidence that the exterior wall has been painted within the last
five years.
3.2 Internal Inspection
The floor
Check for:
i. Cleanliness of the floor and look out for broken or cracked floor
ii. Evidence of rat infestation (rat holes, runs and droppings)
iii. Evidence of dampness.
Walls
Check for:
i Dilapidated walls
ii. Cracks liable to habour vermin
iii. Evidence of dampness on the walls.
Ceiling
Check for:
 Cleanliness and presence of cobwebs
 Sagging of the ceiling and evidence of leaking roof.
Passage
Check for:
 Objects that are likely to obstruct free movement along the
passage
 Adequate lighting.
Rooms
Check for:
 Evidence of overcrowding; there shall be a maximum of two
adults and two children not older than 10 years old in each room
 Adequate lighting.
93
Ventilation
Check for:
i. Properties kept in the room in such a manner as to obstruct the
free flow of fresh air
ii. Type and adequacy of ventilation.
3.3 Toilet Accommodation
Check for:
i. Evidence of crack on walls and floors
ii. Adequacy of ventilation
iii. Evidence of pest infestation (rat runs, droppings, etc.)
iv. Adequacy of drainage system
v. Evidence of cleanliness and absence of obnoxious odour
vi. Evidence of leakage pipe
vii. Evidence of functionality.
3.4 Bathroom Accommodation
Check for:
i. Evidence of broken soil drain pipes
ii. Adequacy of ventilation
iii. Evidence of broken floor and walls
iv. Adequacy of drainage system.
3.5 Kitchen
Check for:
a. Evidence of tidiness and cleanliness
b. Adequacy of ventilation
c. Evidence of rat and pest infestation
d. Adequacy of lighting
e. Evidence of cracked walls and defective floor
f. Evidence of smoke nuisance.
3.6 Water supply
Check for:
i. Source of water supply
ii. Adequacy of water
iii. Quality of water
iv. Potential source of contamination
v. Adequacy of water containers
vi. Possible leakages
vii. Evidence of good waste water drainage system.
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3.7 Refuse Disposal
Check for:
i. Availability of sanitary dustbin
ii. Evidence of rat and pest infestation around dustbin
iii. Evidence of spillage of waste.
3.8 Excreta Disposal
Check for:
i. Evidence of pipe leakage
ii. Evidence of overfilled septic tanks leading to spillage
iii. Evidence of cracks on septic tank VIPL
iv. Presence of ventilating pipes/opening
v. Distance to source of water
vi. Evidence of odour nuisance and flies infestation.
4.0 CONCLUSION
In this unit you learn the systematic procedure for sanitary inspection of
premises, especially what to look for at every stage of inspection.
5.0 SUMMARY
In sanitary inspection of premises, there is need to follow an approved

protocol. This begins with self identification followed by external and
internal inspection of the premises in question. You need to master all
the key areas that would require your attention during such inspection.
In the next unit, we will look at the guidelines for appraisal of food
premises.
Enumerate in order, how you will carry out sanitary inspection of the
house you live.

Simpson, M. & Ovid, S. Sanitation Promotion.
95
MODULE 2
Unit 1 Guidelines for Appraisal of Food Premises

Unit 2 Guidelines for Routine Inspection of Hotels and Food
Premises
Unit 3 Guidelines for Routine Inspection of Special Premises
Unit 4 Inspection of Marketplaces, Recreational and Hospitality
Facilities
UNIT 1 GUIDELINES FOR APPRAISAL OF FOOD

PREMISES
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objective
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Layout
3.2 Floors
3.3 Walls
3.4 Doors and Windows
3.5 Ceiling
3.6 Lighting
3.7 Ventilation
3.8 Sanitary Conveniences
3.9 Cloakrooms
3.10 Tables and other Equipment
3.11 Sinks/Wash Hand Basins
3.12 Waste Disposal
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In unit 3 of the first module, we looked at the guidelines for routine

sanitary inspection of premises. In this unit we will examine the
guidelines for use when carrying out inspection of food premises.
2.0 OBJECTIVE
 enumerate the guidelines for inspection of food premises.

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3.0 MAIN CONTENT
A food premises is any place where food is produced either in its natural
form, stored, served, preserved or prepared, exposed for sale or served
for human consumption.
All premises to be used for preparation and sale of food to the public
shall be registered with the environmental sanitation authority in charge
of the area. It shall not be registered until it has been inspected and
approved by an environmental health officer. The approval is subject to
the satisfactory evidence of food handlers’ test by all relevant staff.
3.1 Layout
The premises shall be laid out in a manner that complies with the
building regulations.
3.2 Floors
Floors shall be made of durable non-slippery material and shall also be

impervious to water. There shall be no breaks or cracks on the floor and
shall be easily cleaned.
3.3 Walls
All wall surfaces shall be finished with a smooth impervious substance

that shall be easily cleaned. Facilities such as sinks shall be fixed away
from the wall so that the whole surface is washable.
3.4 Doors and Windows
All doors and windows shall be screened with suitable netting to

exclude flies and insects.
3.5 Ceiling
The premises shall be provided with a proper ceiling.
3.6 Lighting
Natural lighting is best. Where artificial lighting is essential, it shall be

fixed in such a manner that preparation benches and sinks shall be well
lit. Lighting shall be evenly distributed over the whole kitchen.
97
3.7 Ventilation
Good natural ventilation is desirable but mechanical extraction of air is

required in all large kitchens, particularly in the heating sections. All
windows, doors and other opening to the external air shall be screened
with suitable netting to ensure that flies and other vermin do not gain
access into the premises.
3.8 Sanitary Conveniences
 Provision shall be made for adequate potable water supply to the

premises.
 Toilets shall be conveniently sited for the staff as well as for
customers. They shall not open directly into food preparation
rooms.
 Food handlers and customers shall have facilities to wash their
hands after visiting the toilet.
 Wash hand basins shall be sited within the toilet and also in the
cloakroom if the staff is large in number.
 Paper towels, continuous roller towels or hot air hand dryers shall
be used for drying the hands in large food establishments.
3.9 Cloakrooms
Different cloakrooms shall be provided for each sex. There shall be

facilities for resting and washing in such cloakrooms.
3.10 Tables and other Equipment
 Surface materials shall be impervious without cracks or joints.

 Hard wood for chopping boards shall be in one piece.
 Separate surfaces in different sections of the kitchen shall be kept
for raw and cooked food.
3.11 Sinks/Wash Hand Basins
 Stainless steel sinks in sufficient numbers are required for the

work of the kitchen.
 There shall be separate sinks for the preparation of vegetables,
meat and fish and also for the washing of utensils and equipment.
 Adequate numbers of sinks/wash hand basins shall be provided
in the eating area for use by customers.
98
3.12 Waste Disposal
 Bins with tight fitting lids, raised above a concrete stone or other
hard floor shall be provided and sited preferably in a covered
area.
 Ample and suitable space shall be available outside the kitchen
for bins, or refuse sacks awaiting collection.
 All bins shall be frequently cleaned out with a detergent solution.
4.0 CONCLUSION
Apart from other considerations, there are 12 key points to be

considered when carrying out inspection of food premises. These are
referred to as guidelines.
5.0 SUMMARY
Inspection of food premises requires a procedure. A professional

guideline for such inspection is also provided for use. These guidelines
are critical to achieving the desired results of inspection in food
premises.
Explain the general guidelines for the inspection of food premises.

Simpson, M. & Ovid, S. Sanitation Promotion.
99
UNIT 2 GUIDELINES FOR ROUTINE INSPECTION OF
HOTELS AND FOOD PREMISES
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objective
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Guidelines for Hotels and Food Premises in Nigeria
3.2 Health Provisions in Business and Industrial Premises
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In this unit, we will learn general guidelines for routine inspection of

hotels which also have, within it, restaurants or food premises.
2.0 OBJECTIVE
 describe the general guidelines for routine inspection of hotels

and food premises.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 Guidelines for Hotels and Food Premises in Nigeria
The guidelines or specifications for routine inspection of premises, i.e.

residential houses, hotel, food premises, restaurants, industries,
hospitals, etc. are versatile, collapsible, and are convertible with at times
slight skillful modifications to suit a particular premises or situations.
For instance, the following guidelines are specified for hotels and food
premises in Nigeria:
 The Federal Ministry of Environment in collaboration with the

Federal Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and the hotel sector,
shall develop minimum hygiene standards for hotels, restaurants
and other public eateries.
 Every hotel operating in the country shall be inspected at least
once every six months. The sanitary record of such a hotel/food
premises shall determine if a more frequent inspection is
necessary.
100
 The sanitation authority of the local government shall inspect all
hotels and other premises including restaurants, eateries and
“bukaterias” in its area of jurisdiction.
 Where conditions in such food premises are not up to standard,
sanctions including prosecution shall be undertaken.
 Where a hotel at the end of the year has maintained a very high
standard of sanitation and hygiene, the inspection authority
which carried out such an inspection shall issue a “Certificate of
Hygiene” stating that such a hotel has so maintained a high
standard of hygiene for the previous year and such a certificate
shall be displayed in the hotel lobby.
3.2 Health Provisions in Business and Industrial Premises
The environment plays a major role in the health and well-being of the
individual. Very often, small and large scale business premises and
industries including offensive trades are located within residential areas
in towns and villages. Many of these business premises or industries are
generating various types of wastes that are not environmental friendly.
Public Health Law and Bye-Law made provisions for Health in Business
and Industrial Premises. Part II of the Public Health Law of Ondo State,
Nigeria - of 1st August 1957 for example, listed out what constitute
nuisances in residential, industrial and business premises. The intension
of the law is to safeguard and promote health of workers in workplace
and protect the environment as a whole.
For instance, Section 1c of Part II of the Public Health Law states that:
“any premises certified by the health officer to be so overcrowded as to
be injurious or dangerous to the health of the inmates” is a nuisance. In
another instance, section in of the same Public Health Laws states that
any act, omission, place or thing which is or may be dangerous to life, or
injurious to health or property. There are other provisions like that.
Most of the provisions are composite and are embedded with deductive
extrapolations to take care of the health of man and his immediate and
distant environment.
4.0 CONCLUSION
In this unit, you learnt general guidelines specified for hotels and food
premises in Nigeria as well as health provision in business and industrial
premises. In the subsequent unit, you will be introduced to the exact tool
or checklist that will guide you as to what you need to do when carrying
out inspection of hotels or food premises.
101
5.0 SUMMARY
Guidelines for Hotels and Food Premises in Nigeria as well as Health

Provision in Business and Industrial Premises were developed by the
Federal Ministry of Environment. The tools for use in the course of
inspection are also provided in the course of this course.
List the guidelines for hotels and food premises in Nigeria.

Public Health Laws and Bye-Laws (January 1943). Ondo State Nigeria.

Mandell GID.
Simpson, M. & Ovid, S. (Eds). Sanitation Promotion.
102
UNIT 3 GUIDELINES FOR ROUTINE INSPECTION OF
SPECIAL PREMISES
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objective
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Guidelines for Routine Inspection of Special Premises
(Military, Police, etc.)
3.2 Prison Yards
3.3 Hospitals and Diagnostic Centres
3.4 Other Public Places
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This unit focuses on general provisions or guidelines for use during

routine inspection of special premises in the military, paramilitary,
police, hospitals, prison yard and similar public places.
2.0 OBJECTIVE
 explain what an environmental health officer is to check for

during routine inspection of prison yards, hospital, police barrack
and similar special premises.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 Guidelines for Routine Inspection of Special Premises

(Military, Police, etc.)
Generally, check for:
i. Adequacy of toilet facilities

ii. Adequacy of refuse management facilities
iii. Overgrown weeds
iv. Adequacy of room occupancy
v. Evidence of good drainage system
vi. Provision of adequate potable water
103
vii. Evidence of overhanging structures
viii. Evidence of defective structures (fence, etc.)
ix. Evidence of rat and pest infestation
3.2 Prison Yards
Check for:
i. Evidence of overcrowding
ii. Evidence of lice, bedbug, etc. infestation
iii. Evidence of pest and rodent infestation
iv. Evidence of overgrown weeds
v. Adequacy of water supply
vi. Adequacy of toilet facilities
vii. Adequacy of the drainage system
viii. Adequacy of waste disposal facilities
3.3 Hospitals and Diagnostic Centres
Check for:
i. Provision of sanitary dustbin
ii. Adequacy of hazardous and domestic wastes management
facilities
iii. Evidence of compliance with adopted colour code
iv. Adequacy of the drainage system
v. Adequacy of toilet facilities
vi. Adequacy of water supply
vii. Evidence of cleanliness and tidiness.
3.4 Other Public Places
Recreational Centres, Offices, Stadia, Places of Worship, Motor Parks,

etc.
Check for:
a. Adequacy of toilet facilities
b. Adequacy of refuse management facilities
c. Overgrown weeds
d. Evidence of good drainage system
e. Provision of adequate potable water
f. Evidence of overhanging structures
g, Evidence of defective structures (fence, etc.)
h, Evidence of rat and pest infestation
i. Evidence of cleanliness and tidiness.
104
4.0 CONCLUSION
This unit examines guidelines for routine inspection of prison yards,

hospital, police barrack and similar special premises.
5.0 SUMMARY
There are different guidelines for routine inspection of prison yards,

hospital, police barrack and similar special premises.
List the general guidelines for routine inspection of:
i. Prison yards
ii. Hospital
iii. Police barrack.

Public Health Laws and Bye-Laws (January 1943). Ondo State Nigeria.

Mandell GID.
Simpson, M. & Ovid, S. (Eds). Sanitation Promotion
105
UNIT 4 INSPECTION OF MARKET PLACES,
RECREATIONAL AND HOSPITALITY
FACILITIES
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
3.0 Main Content
3.1 The Concept of Marketplaces
3.1.1 Procedure for Routine Market Inspection
3.2 The Concept of Recreational Facilities
3.2.1 Procedure for Technical Inspection of Recreational
Facilities
3.3 The Concept of Hospitality Facilities
3.3.1 Procedure for Technical Inspection of Hospitality
Facilities
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Markets occupy an important position in our lives particularly the

women folks. Markets usually attract large gathering of buyers, sellers
and especially pre-school children who have accompanied their mothers
to markets. The interaction between buyers and sellers in markets
provide opportunities for the spread of communicable diseases with
considerable potential to become endemic and graduate to epidemic
dimensions.
Equally, the importance of recreational facilities cannot be over-

emphasised. Exercise is the oldest single approach to physical health,
mental and social well-being of man.
Also, we cannot remove the influence and impact of hospitalities like

hotels on human lives. Job mobility, economic, social activities and
tourism have made hotel services to become compulsory for many
people; hence, the need to inspect these facilities occasionally.
106
2.0 OBJECTIVES
 explain the procedure for routine market inspection

 describe the techniques for routine inspection of recreational and
hospitality facilities.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 The Concept of Marketplaces
Markets are places where we buy and sell. They are age-long institutions.
We have traditional and modern markets, they hold on daily basis or
periodically on specific days. In terms of impact on the environment,
markets in Nigeria may be classified as small, medium and large. Small
markets usually serve local communities. They are usually easy to keep
clean at the end of the day’s transaction.
Medium markets, on the other hand serve large communities and

interactions and generation of wastes are more pronounced. Cleaning is
not very easy in medium sized markets at it is in small markets.
Large markets are usually central and vast with stalls and open places
for transactions. Large markets promote intra/inter township, states and
in some cases national trading. Adequate provision of sanitary facilities
is required in markets irrespective of size.
3.1.1 Procedure for Routine Market Inspection
Routine market inspection shall be scheduled and the opportunity used

to educate the traders on market sanitation and hygiene during a general
post inspection debriefing. By so doing, you are implementing
environmental health facilities in the market.
On visiting a market, you will introduce yourself and present your

identity card to the market manager or the head of market who will pilot
or accompany you during the inspection. The involvement of the market
representatives in the inspection process and the general debriefing shall
promote the principles of involvement and participation.
Using the market sanitation inspection form, all deficiencies or

nuisances found in and around the marketplace are noted. At the
conclusion of the inspection, the findings shall be discussed with the
representatives of the various traders groups e.g. during a general
107
meeting called for the purpose and they shall be allowed to suggest ways
of abating or correcting the nuisances.
The procedure for market inspection is systematic viz.

 external inspection of the market
 internal inspection of the market
 the general conditions of access roads, drainage system, toilet
facilities, floors, walls ceiling, ventilation and lighting.
3.2 The Concept of Recreational Facilities

Recreation serves as an important component of our contemporary
society and has become a fundamental and universal human need as
man has found outlets in its participation for self-expression and self-
satisfaction.
Recreation with its concepts has some words which make it functional
and these operative words are: play, leisure and free time, which
sometimes are used interchangeably.
Recreation is activity through relaxation after hours of work and thus

thorough recreation provides the self-confidence that enables the
participants to develop their full potential. Participation as an escape
mechanism prevents mental, physical and psychological stress, as
people or the participants are recreated.
The conditions or factors at recreational facilities must be conducive and

should not pose any hazards or danger to health. People can recreate in
sporting or games activities, depending on individual interest and
capability.
3.2.1 Procedure for Technical Inspection of Recreational

Facilities
You need to adopt the same approach by introducing yourself and
showing your identity card to the manager of the recreational facility.
Imagine you want to inspect environmental health facilities at polo club,
tennis club, etc. you must comport yourself with adequate preparation
and display of high professional skills and competence. The reason
being that people of high integrity e.g. past head of states, head of
service of the federation, vice chancellors, etc. are usually members of
these recreational clubs.
You need one or two authorised persons to guide and pilot you as you
go on inspection of the facilities. Record your findings on the approved
inspection forms and discuss them with the chairman or members of the
executive of the recreational facility.
108
You must pay close attention to:
1. Access roads
2. External parts of the facilities
3. Internal parts of the facilities:
 types of recreational facilities
 spacing/spaces
 ventilation and lighting
 water supply
 toilet facilities
 safety devices, etc.
3.3 The Concept of Hospitality Facilities

Hospitality facilities are places that can provide comfort and welfare for
individuals, in many cases, it substitutes our homes i.e. home away from
home. Nowadays, economic, political, social, educational activities
including tourism are encouraging the proliferation of such hospitality
facilities like hotels of all grades or categories, guest houses, restaurants,
etc.
In some cases, we have a situation where a hospitality facility is serving

as a marketplace, place of recreation and also a hospitality facility such
as we have in big or 5-star hotels.
Note the correlation between marketplaces – where you can buy or sell
and recreational facility - where you can have maximum comfort and
welfare; one dovetails into the other.
3.3.1 Procedure for Technical Inspection of Hospitality Facilities
A hotel is a house, and its inspection should follow the systematic

procedure of sanitary inspection of a residential building. Let us look at
specific technical issues you need to pay attention on during inspection
of hotels.
Take note of:

i. the name and address of the owner of the hotel
ii. address of the hotel
iii. date of inspection
iv. access and intra roads
v. drainage system
vi. health safety devices
vii. signs of pest infestation
viii. the conditions of the walls, floors and ceiling
ix. methods of waste management
x. source of water supply, etc.
109
Your findings should be recorded on the approved inspection forms and
discussed with the appropriate authority for necessary action.
4.0 CONCLUSION
In this unit, you have learnt both the concept and procedure of
inspection of marketplaces, recreational and hospitality facilities.
5.0 SUMMARY
A summary of the major points in this unit is that:
 A market is defined as a place where buying and selling takes

place.
 There are components or types of markets.
 Hospitality facilities include hotels, guest houses and restaurants.
 These environmental health components should be inspected
routinely. Strategies for implementation include formation of
market committee or maintain constant link with the stakeholders
of these facilities.
1. Explain the concept of a marketplace.

2. Describe how you will proceed to inspect a marketplace.
3. Briefly explain how you will ensure the sustainability of
implementation, regulation and enforcement of environmental
health standards in a marketplace.
Ajala, J.A. (1988). Recreation Education (for Health and National

Challenges). Ibadan: Dept. of Physical and Health Education,
University of Ibadan.
National Guidelines on Environmental Health Practice in Nigeria

(2007). Abuja: EHORECON.
“Policy Guidelines on Market and Abattoir Sanitation.” (2005). Abuja:

Federal Ministry of Environment.

110
MODULE 3
Unit 1 Tools for Inspection of Premises
Unit 3 Tools for Sanitary Inspection of Schools, Markets and
Abattoirs
Unit 4 Tools for Sanitary Inspection of Private Slaughterhouses,
Registration of Food Premises and Pest/Vector Control
Outfit
UNIT 1 TOOLS FOR INSPECTION OF PREMISES
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Sanitary Inspection Forms
3.1.1 Form E.S.1 “Sanitary Inspection of Premises
(Appraisal)”
3.1.2 Form E.S.3 “The Call Back Form”
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
You will recall that we have learnt about certain sanitary inspection
forms designed by the Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja to be
used during sanitary inspection of premises in order to facilitate
compliance with the provision of law, rules and regulations. These
sanitary inspection forms are called tools for inspection.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
 identify the various types of sanitary inspection forms

 explain how to complete all the relevant sections of the forms.
111
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 Sanitary Inspection Forms
The designated forms for sanitary inspection of premises for both

appraisal and routine inspection are as follows:
3.1.1 Form E.S.1 “Sanitary Inspection of Premises

(Appraisal)”
Form E. S. 1

SANITARY INSPECTION OF PREMISES FORM (APPRAISAL)
PREMISES NO…… ……..STREET……………….………………….

VILLAGE……………………… WARD………………….
LGA……………..……….…………STATE ………………………….
NAME OF OWNER ………………………….…………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
CODE AS APPROPRIATE
……………………………………………………………………………

Type of Premises
………………………………………………
2. BUILDING PLAN
(a) approved Approved Plan
Occupant Number
Permit
No……………………………………………...
(b) not approved
………………………………………………
Date …………………………………………...
Date of Inspection
………………………………………………
3. APPROACH Signature of Environmental Health Officer
a) Access road into premises

b) Conform to building line requirement
c) Setback/air space requirement
112
d) Pedestrians right of way
e) Any shops or other construction blocking
pedestrians right of way
f) Drainage
g) Overgrown weeds on sides of premises
4. AREA BUILT UPON

(a) Residential 50% area of site
(b) Commercial premises 75%
ROOMS
a) Living rooms not less than l2sqm of floor area
Average height of 2.7 meters and width of 2.4 meters
(b) Ventilation
i One window at least open directly to
the external air
ii. Total area of widow clear the frame

not less than 1/8 of the floor area
iii. Provision of 2nd window available or ventilator

iv. Properties blocking ventilation in room
6. WATER SUPPLY
(a) Not less than 30 meters away from
possible contamination
(b) Water supply source
(c) Is it adequate?
(d) Is it functional?
7. TOILET FACILITY
(a) It is provided?
(b) Type of such facilities
(c) No such facilities
8. KITCHEN
b. Is it provided?
c. Is it adequate?
9. BATHROOM ACCOMMODATION
b. Is it provided?
113
c. Is it adequate?
10. REFUSE DISPOSAL

a. Is dustbin on premises?
b. Sheltered refuse collection point in multi
occupancy house
c. No of such dust bin
d. Is it adequate?
e. Is it sanitary?
f. Who provides collection service?
g. How often is collection done?
11. TRADE CARRIED OUT IN THE PREMISES

a. Permit authorising such trade in the
premises
d. Availability of Permit No
e. Has permit expired?
12. DRAINAGE
a. It is provided?
d. Is gradient adequate?
13. GENERAL SURROUNDING

a. Evidence of overcrowding
b. Evidence of pest infestation
c. Evidence of overgrown weeds
Environmental Health Officer/Date HOD/Date
CODES TO BE USED
1. Estate
2. Bungalow
3. Duplex
4. Block of flats
6. Multi-occupation
7. Satisfactory
8. Not satisfactory
9. Adequate
10. Inadequate
II. Functional
12. Non functional
13. Sanitary
114
14. Insanitary
15. Provided
16. Not provided
17. Accumulation of articles/properties
18. No accumulation of articles/properties
19. Clean
20. Dirty
21. Broken
22. Not broken
23. Crack
24. Not cracked
25. Conformity
26. Not conformity
27. Flowing
28. Not flowing
29. Available
30. Not available
31. Dampness
32. No dampness
33. Leakage
34. No leakage
35. Infested
36. Not infested
37. Overcrowded
38. Not overcrowded
39. Overgrown weed
40. Trimmed weed
41. Located within
42. Not located within
43. Public mains
44. Borehole
45. Sanitary well
47. Water vendor
48. Stream/river
49. Samples taken
51. Expired
52. Not expired
53. Flowing
54. Not flowing
55. Daily
56. Weekly
57. Bi-weekly
58. Monthly
59. Not at all
115
60. Water clock
61. Pour flush
62. VIPL
64. No toilet
65. Refuse sheltered
66. Refuse not sheltered
67. Government
68. Private
69. Permit issued
3.1.2 Form E.S. 2 “Sanitary Inspection of Premises (Routine)”
FORM E.S. 2

SANITARY INSPECTION OF PREMISES FORM (ROUTINE)
PREMISES NO…… ……..STREET…………………………………….

VILLAGE ……………………… WARD……………………………….
L GA……………..……….…………STATE ………………………….
NAME OF OWNER ………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………
CODE AS APPROPRIATE
……………………………………………………………………………
Type of Premises
………………………
2. EXTERNAL INSPECTION
Date of Inspection
…………………………………
General Sanitation of Premises
Signature of Environmental
Health Officer
a) Evidence of overgrown weeds

b) Evidence of pest infestation
c) Accumulation of derelict or disuse materials
d) Evidence of stagnant water
e) Dangerous excavation
f) Evidence that the house has been painted in last five years
116
(a) The Floor
i) Cleanliness
ii) Evidence of Pest Infestation (Rat runs,
droppings, etc.)
iii) Evidence of dampness
(b) Walls
i) Evidence of dilapidation
ii) Cracks liable to habour vermin
iii) Evidence of dampness
(c) Ceiling
i) Cleanliness
ii) Evidence of sagging
iii) Evidence of cobwebs
iv) Leakage
(d) Passage
i) Objects obstructing free movement
ii) Adequate lighting
(e) Room
i) Evidence of overcrowding
(Maximum of two adults and two children)
(f) Ventilation
i) Properties obstructing ventilation
ii) Adequacy of windows
(g) Toilet
i) Type
ii) Evidence of crack on wall or floor
iii) Adequacy of ventilation
iv) Adequacy of lighting
v) Adequacy of cleanliness
vi) Evidence of overfilled septic tank/VIPL
vii) Evidence of crack on septic tank /VIPL
viii) Evidence of obnoxious odour and flies
ix) Adequacy of distance to source of
water supply
x) Evidence of broken soil drain pipes
xi) Evidence of leaking or broken down sewage
System
xii) Evidence of functionality
117
h) Bathroom
i) Evidence of broken soil drain pipe
ii) Evidence of broken floor
iii) Adequacy of ventilation
iv) Adequacy of lighting
i) Kitchen
i) Evidence of tidiness and cleanliness
ii) Adequacy of ventilation
iii) Adequacy of lighting
iv) Evidence of pest infestation
v) Evidence of cracked wall and floor
vi) Evidence of smoke nuisance
j) Water Supply
i) Source of Water Supply
ii) Adequacy of water supply
iii) Is facility functional?
iv) Is surrounding clean and tidy?
v) Evidence of pipe leakage?
vi) Evidence of waste water drainage?
vii) Are storage containers sanitary?
viii) Is the local authority taken regular sample?
k) Refuse Disposal
i) Provision of sanitary dustbin with cover
ii) Is facility provided adequate?
iii) How often is collection done?
iv) Who provides collection service?
v) Evidence of spillage of waste?
l) Trade Carried Out in the Premises

a. Availability of Permit authorising such
trade in premises
b. Availability
c. Has permit expired?
m) Drainage
a. Is it provided?
118
CODES TO BE USED
1. Estate
2. Bungalow
3. Duplex
4. Block of flats
6. Multi-occupation
7. Clean
8. Dirty
9. Adequate
10. Inadequate
11. Functional
12. Non functional
13. Sanitary
14. Insanitary
15. Provided
16. Not provided
17. Accumulation of articles
18. No accumulation of articles
19. Overcrowded
20. Not overcrowded
21. Dilapidation
22. No dilapidation
23. Cracked
24. Not cracked
25. Broken
26. Not broken
27. Water closet
28. Pour flush
29. VIPL
31. No toilet
32. Permit obtained
33. Permit not obtained
34. Dampness
35. No dampness
36. Cobweb
37. No cobweb
38. Leakage
39. No leakage
40. Sagging
41. No sagging
42. Obstruction
43. No obstruction
44. Obnoxious odour
45. Non-obnoxious odour
119
46. Tidy
47. Not tidy
48. Samples taken
50. Painted
51. Not painted
52. Borehole
53. Public mains
54. Sanitary well
56. Water vendor
57. Stream/River
58. Available
59. Not available
60. Daily
61. Weekly
62. Bi-weekly
63. Monthly
64. Not at all
65. Dangerous excavations
66. No dangerous excavations
67. Stagnant water
68. No stagnant water
69. Smoke
70. No smoke
71. Government
72. Private
73. Permit issued
75. Overfilled
76. Not overfilled
77. Expired
78. Not expired
79. Flowing
80. Not flowing
81. Infested
82. Not infested
83. Overgrown weeds
84. Trimmed weeds
85. Accumulated
86. Not accumulated
87. Spillage
88. No spillage
89. Waste water drainage
90. No waste water drainage
120
3.1.3 Form E.S.3 “The Call Back Form”
The E.S.3 form is filled out to indicate that the environmental

health officer will come on a return visit; hence, it is referred to as the
“call back form”.
FORM E.S.3

THE CALL BACK FORM
PREMISES NO…… …….STREET…………….……………………….

VILLAGE ……………………… WARD……………………………….
L GA……………..……….…………STATE ………………………….
NAME OF OWNER ………………………….…………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
ROUTINE/SPECIAL SANITARY INSPECTION

I, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HEALTH OFFICER, responsible for your neighborhood, called at your
home today for the purpose of inspection, but could not secure an entry.
It will be greatly appreciated if you can arrange for an adult member of

your family to be at home on------------------ at---------------- a.m. when a
repeat visit will be made. Otherwise you can
telephone……………………… or call at the LGA headquarters
on …………………………….. at about --------------------------------------
to give an alternative appointment.
Thank you.
-------------------------------------- -----------------------------
Environmental Health Officer/Date Head of Department/Date
4.0 CONCLUSION
In this unit, you have learnt how to complete E.S. 1, E.S. 2, and E.S. 3
forms which are used as tools for specific purposes.
121
5.0 SUMMARY
Various sanitary inspection forms are available for specific purposes. It

is advisable you print out these forms and study them again to establish
their differences. You will need these forms during house to house
practical.
1. Explain what you understand by E.S. 2 and E.S.3 forms.

2. When is the E.S.1 form used for sanitary inspection?
3. Differentiate between E.S. 1 and E.S. 2 forms.

“National Guidelines on Environmental Health Practice in Nigeria.”

122
UNIT 2 ABATEMENT NOTICE, COMPLAINT AND
COMPLAINT ACKNOWLEDGMENT FORMS
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Form E.S.4 “Abatement Notice”
3.2 Form E.S.5 “Complaint Form”
3.3 Form E.S.6 “Complaint Acknowledgment Form”
3.4 Form E. S.7 “Closing Order Form”
3.5 Form E.S.8 “Withdrawal of Prohibition Order Form”
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In this unit we shall continue with tools used for sanitary inspection of
premises as designed by the Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja.
They are provided with a view to facilitate compliance with the
provision of law, rules and regulations.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
 explain when an abatement notice is served

 explain how to complete all the relevant sections of an abatement
notice form
 explain when to complete a complaint form and how many of this
form is to be completed including the distribution of these copies.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 Form E.S. 4 “Abatement Notice”
An Abatement Notice (AN) is served only when an environmental

health officer confirmed the existence or presence of a nuisance. The
form is completed in triplicate to include the deadline at which an
identified nuisance is to be abated. A typical abatement notice form is
presented below.
123
FORM E.S. 4
NOTICE TO ABATE NUISANCE FORM
PREMISES NO…….……..STREET……………....…………………
VILLAGE ……………………… WARD………………...
LGA……………..……….……………STATE ………………………
NAME OF OWNER ……………………………………….…………..
ADDRESS OF OWNER ……………………….………………………
To …………………………………………………………………….....
You are please required to abate ………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
and for that purpose to comply and to prevent the recurrence of the
nuisance within ………………………..dated this ………………….day
of …………………… 20 …………. at……………… am/pm
I hereby certify that the above notice was served by me on

…………............................at………………… am/pm.
Describe how served ………………………………………………….
in the presence of a witness-Signature ……………………………...…
Name of witness ……………………………………………………….
Address of witness ……………………………………………………
-------------------------------------- -------------------------------
6.1 Form E.S. 5 “Complaint Form”
The complaint form is completed only when a complaint is received.
FORM E.S. 5
COMPLAINT FORM
PREMISES NO…… ……..STREET……………….……………….

VILLAGE ……………………… WARD……………………………….
L GA…………..……….…………STATE ……………………………
NAME OF OWNER………………………….…………..
ADDRESS OF OWNER…………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
124
COMPLAINANT Mr./Mrs………………………………………………
Address …………………………………………………………………..
Nature of complaint …………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………...
Address where complaint exists …………………………………………
Complaint Received by ………………………………………………….
Signature ……............... Date Time………………… Time …………
__________________________________________________________
FOR OFFICE USE
Complaint referred to …………………………………

Action taken and date …………………………………………………...
6.2 Form E.S.6 “Complaint Acknowledgment Form”
The “Complaint Acknowledgment Form” is usually completed in

triplicate. The complainant receives a copy while a copy is sent to the
area office having jurisdiction and the third copy is retained for office
use. An example of this form is shown below.
FORM E.S. 6
COMPLAINT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM

VILLAGE ……………………… WARD……………………………….
L GA…………..……….…………STATE …………………………….
NAME OF OWNER ………………………….…………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
Date………...………….. 20 …………… Ref. No………………………
Name and Address of Complainant: ……………………………………
………………………………………………………………………….
Dear Sir/Madam,
Reference to your complaint/information in respect of ………………

…………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………
This is to inform you that necessary action has been initiated and you
will be informed when action is completed.
Thank you.
___________________________ ______________________
125
3.4 Form E. S.7 “Closing Order Form”
Before the “Closing Order Form” is issued, an environmental health

officer would have made a complaint to the court justifying that certain
premises are unfit for human habitation or constitutes threat to public
health. The “closing order form” temporarily closes down any premises
whose state constitutes a threat to public health. This order prohibits
further use of the premises until the existing nuisances are abated. A
sample of this form is available in the court.
3.5 Form E.S.8 “Withdrawal of Prohibition Order Form”
Upon compliance with a closing order, the court may now withdraw the
Prohibition Order having satisfied and confirmed by an environmental
health officer that the detected nuisances had been abated in the
premises. It is the court that issued out a “withdrawal of prohibition
order form” on the request of an environmental health officer. A typical
sample of a “Withdrawal of Prohibition Order Form” is presented
below.
FORM E.S. 8

WITHDRAWAL OF PROHIBITION ORDER FORM

VILLAGE ……………………… WARD……………………………….
L GA…………..……….…………STATE …………………………….
NAME OF OWNER ………………………….…………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
Please be informed that following the remediation actions instituted
on the PREMISES N0 ………………………………….. It is hereby
declared that the premises is suitable for ……………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………..
In this regard, the Prohibition Order is hereby withdrawn.
___________________________ _________________________
__________________________________
Court Registrar/Magistrate/Date
126
To: ………………………………………………………………………
Address…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………...
4.0 CONCLUSION
In this unit, you have learnt how to complete E.S. 4, E.S. 5, E.S. 6; and
E.S. 6 forms which are used as tools for specific purposes.
5.0 SUMMARY
 An Abatement Notice (AN) is served only when an

environmental health officer confirmed the existence or presence
of a nuisance.
 The Complaint Form is completed only when a complaint is
received.
 The “Complaint Acknowledgment Form” is usually completed
in triplicate.
 The “closing order form” temporarily closes down premises
whose state constitutes a threat to public health.
 Upon compliance with a closing order, the court may now
withdraw the Prohibition Order having satisfied and confirmed
by an environmental health officer that the detected nuisances
had been abated in the premises.
1. Explain what you understand by E.S. 5 and E.S.6 forms.

2. When will you serve an abatement notice?
3. Differentiate between E.S. 7 and E.S. 8 forms.

National Guidelines on Environmental Health Practice in Nigeria

127
UNIT 3 TOOLS FOR SANITARY INSPECTION OF
SCHOOLS, MARKET AND ABATTOIR
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
3.0 Main Content
3.1 School Sanitation Inspection Form (Form E.S. 9)
3.2 Market Sanitation Inspection Form (Form E.S. 10)
3.3 Abattoir Sanitation Inspection Form (Form E.S. 11)
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In this unit, we shall look at the tools that are used for school sanitation,
market inspection and abattoir inspection.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
 complete school sanitation inspection form

 complete market inspection form
 complete abattoir inspection form
 differentiate between Form E.S.9; Form E.S.10 and Form E.
S.11.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 School Sanitation Inspection Form (Form E.S. 9)
The E.S.9 form is a tool design for use during school sanitation
inspection, whether nursery, primary, or secondary.
The form is divided into four sections A-D. Section A deals with
external description of the school, Section B deals with internal
inspection of the school buildings while Section C relates to internal
inspection of hostel buildings. Section D is the summary of findings and
recommendations. A sample of this form is shown below.
128
Form E.S. 9
SCHOOL SANITATION INSPECTION FORM
VILLAGE ……………………… WARD……………………………….
L GA……………..……….…………STATE ………………………….
NAME OF SCHOOL …………………………………………………
ADDRESS OF……………………………………………………………
Types of School (Nursery/Primary/Secondary) ……………………….
Name of Principal/Head Teacher ……………………………………….
Name of person accompanying the ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH….
OFFICER…………………………………………………………………
Instructions for completing the school sanitation inspection form.
For Section A-C
i. for Each item assessed tick:
a. if the item is adequate
b. if the item needs minor corrective action
c. if the item needs major corrective action
ii. For section C, provide a brief summary of inspection,
highlighting significant findings and recommendations.
Section A: External Inspection
ITEM DESCRIPTION A B C REMARKS
1 Area large enough
2 Grounds well kept
3 Presence of tall trees
4 Are there any disused material
5. Stagnant water
6. Dangerous excavations including
defective septic tanks
7. Visual barriers obstructing vision
8 Recreation equipment properly
installed and in good repair and
with adequate fall zones
9 Maintenance records available
and up to date
10 Well maintained fence and gate
129
Section B: Internal Inspection of School Building
1. Floor
2 Wall
3 Roof and Ceiling
4 Passage and Stairways
5 Classrooms
6 Toilet accommodation
7 Bathroom accommodation
Kitchen. Food handlers/vendors
S
trained and certified?
9 Water supply
10 Refuse disposal
11 Excreta disposal
12 Health post/First Aid Box
Section C: Internal Inspection of Hostel Building
1 Floor
2 Wall
3 Roof and Ceiling
4 Passage and Stairways
Emergency Evacuation Plan available
5
and displayed
6 Dormitories/Hostels
7 Toilet accommodation
S Bathroom accommodation
Kitchen, Food handlers/vendors
9
trained and certified
10 Water supply
II Refuse disposal
12 Excreta disposal
13 Health post/First Aid Box
Section D: Summary of Findings and Recommendations
…………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………. ……………………………...
Environmental Health Officer/Date School Representative/Date
3.2 Market Sanitation Inspection Form (Form E.S. 10)
The E.S.10 Form is also an inspection tool design for use in Market
Sanitation programmes. A sample of this form is presented below.
130
FORM E.S. 10
MARKET INSPECTION FORM
VILLAGE ……………………… WARD………………….
L GA………..……….…………STATE ………………………………
NAME OF MARKET …………………………………………………
Name of Market Manager ………………………………………………
Tel: …………………………
Name of persons accompanying the environmental health officer
(i) …………………………… …
(ii) ……………………………………..
Instructions for completing the market sanitation inspection form

For Section A-B
i. For each item assessed tick:
A-If the item is adequate
B-If the item needs minor corrective action
C-If the item needs major corrective action
ii. If B or C is ticked, indicate corrective action required by
completing the column on remarks
iii. For section C, Provide a brief summary of inspection,
highlighting significant findings and recommendations
Section A: General Inspection
1 State of access routes
2 Surroundings well kept
3 Presence of tall trees
4 Heaps of refuge observed
5. Stagnant water
6. Dangerous excavations including
7. State of drainage
8 Fire fighting facilities
9 Security arrangements
10 Water supply
11 Toilets
12 Bathrooms
13 Refuse disposal
14 Excreta disposal methods
15 Rats, pest and vector infestation
131
Section B: Internal Inspection:
1 Floor
2 Wall
3 Roof and Ceiling
4 Passages and Stairways
5 Stalls
6 Food Premises
7 Ventilation
8 Health Post
9 Lighting
10 Sanitary Dust bins
11 Rat, pest and vector infestation
12 General cleanliness and tidiness
Section C: Summary of Findings and Recommendations

……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………
…………………………………. ………………………………
(i) Signature of Representative (ii) Signature of Representative
and Date and Date
…………………………………………………
Signature of Environmental Health Officer and Date
132
3.3 Abattoir Sanitation Inspection Form (Form E.S. 11)
The E.S.11 Form is an inspection tool design for Abattoir Sanitation

programmes. A sample of this form is presented below.
FORM E.S. 11
ABATTOIR INSPECTION FORM
STATE……………………LOCAL GOVT. AREA…………………….
DISTRICT………………………. WARD…………………………….
TOWN……………VILLAGE…………… .STREET…………………..
Name and Address of Abattoir/Slaughterhouse…………… .…… ……..
Name of Abattoir Manager……………………. ……………………….
Tel: …………………………
Name of persons accompanying the environmental health officer
(i) …………………………… …
(ii) ……………………………………..
Instructions for completing the Abattoir/Slaughterhouse inspection

form
For section A-B.
i. For each item assessed tick:
A-If the item is adequate
B-If the item needs minor corrective action
C-If the item needs major corrective action
ii If B or C is ticked, indicate corrective action required by
completing the column on remarks
iii. For section C, Provide a brief summary of inspection,

highlighting significant findings and recommendations
Section A: General Inspection
Item DESCRIPTION A B C REMARKS
1 State of access routes
2 Surrounding well kept
3 Heaps of refuse observed
4 Stagnant water
5 Dangerous excavations including
6 State of drainages
133
Section B: Internal Inspection
Item DESCRIPTION A B C REMARKS
1 Layout Adequacy of space and facilities
Lairage-separate accommodation provided
2
for healthy and sick animals
3 Accommodation
4 Lighting and ventilation
5 Cleaning and Repair
6 Wall
7 Roof and Ceiling
8 Floors
9 Containment of sewage, refuse, etc.
10 Drainages
II Water
12 Toilets
13 Hand washing facilities
14 Bathroom accommodation
15 Equipments and fittings
16 Excreta disposal
17 First Aid Post
18 Onsite Waste Treatment
19 Others (Please specify)
Section C: Summary of Findings and Recommendations
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………. ………………………………
(i) Signature of Representative (ii) Signature of Representative
and Date and Date
…………………………………………………
Signature of Environmental Health Officer and Date
4.0 CONCLUSION
In this unit, you learnt how to complete School Sanitation Inspection

Form, Market Inspection Form, and Abattoir Inspection Form.
5.0 SUMMARY
The School Sanitation Inspection Form is divided into four sections-A-

C. Section A deals with External description of the school, section B
deals with Internal inspection of the School buildings while Section C
relates to Internal Inspection of Hostel Buildings. Section D is the
Summary of Findings and Recommendations.
134
1. Describe the various sections of a School Sanitation Inspection

Form.
2. Copy and complete a Market Inspection Form.
3. Differentiate between Form E.S.9; Form E.S.10 and Form E.
S.11.

Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja. January 2005.

135
UNIT 4 TOOLS FOR SANITARY INSPECTION OF
PRIVATE SLAUGHTERHOUSES,
REGISTRATION OF FOOD PREMISES, AND
PEST/VECTOR CONTROL OUTFIT
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Inspection of Private Slaughterhouse Form (Form E.S.
12G)
12R)
3.3 Certificate of Registration of Food Premises (Form E.S.
13)
3.4 Inspection of Pest and Vector Control Outfit Forms
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In the last unit, we looked at inspection form for public abattoir. In this
unit, we will examine the tools that are used for private slaughterhouses,
registration of food premises, and pest/vector control outfit.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
 complete private slaughterhouse inspection form

 complete private slaughterhouse renewal/denial form
 complete registration of food premises forms
 complete pest and vector control outfit form.
136
3.0 MAIN CONTENT

12G)
This form is issued or completed for two purposes.
i. When an individual, private or corporate intends to operate a

private slaughterhouse, an initial inspection is required on the
premises. If found satisfactory, Form E.S.12G is issued.
ii. When an individual, private or corporate also applies for a
renewal of license to continue operation of a private
slaughterhouse, a re-inspection of the premises for renewal is
required. If such premises were found to be satisfactory, Form
E.S.12G could also be issued. Take note of the asterisks
provided in the form. A sample of this form is presented below.
FORM E.S. 12G

INSPECTION OF PRIVATE SLAUGHTERHOUSE FORM
STATE…………………… LOCAL GOVT. AREA………………….

DISTRICT ………………… WARD………………………………….
TOWN…….…… ……..STREET……………….……………………….
TO …………………………………………………………………………..
Following your application for renewal of license to operate a private

slaughterhouse and the subsequent inspection of your premises and
Facilities, the following observations were made:

Slaughter Slab Status: Satisfactory
Water supply: Adequate
Disposal Facilities for
(blood, offal, dirt, rubbish, etc.) Personal Hygiene:

Appropriate Satisfactory
* You are hereby issued permit Ref. No……………............... of …….

of…………………..20…………
* Your operational permit Ref. No…………………………… is hereby
renewed/extended your operational permit Ref. No. ------------------ is
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hereby renewed/extended to operate a private slaughterhouse. The
permit expires on 31st December of the year of issue.
Dated this ……………. day of ……………. 20 ………. at ……………
…………………………………………………
Chief Environmental Health Officer and Date
…………………………………………………
Head of Department/Date *Delete as appropriate

12R)
When an individual, private or corporate applies for a renewal of license

to operate a private slaughterhouse, a re-inspection of the premises for
renewal would be conducted. If such premises were found to constitute a
threat to public health, then a renewal would be denied and Form
E.S.12R is issued. This means that previous permission granted has
been cancelled for the rest of the year.
A sample of the Form is shown below.
FORM E.S.12R

INSPECTION OF PRIVATE SLAUGHTERHOUSE FORM
STATE……………….LOCAL GOVT. AREA………………

DISTRICT………………….. WARD………………………………….
TOWN…… … VILLAGE …………STREET………………………….
TO …………………………………………………………………………..
Following your application for renewal of license to operate a private
slaughterhouse and the subsequent inspection of your premises and facilities
the following observations were made:
Slaughter Slab Status: Satisfactory/Not satisfactory

Drainage: Satisfactory/Not satisfactory
Water supply: Adequate /Not Adequate
Disposal Facilities for

(blood, offal, dirt, rubbish, etc.) Appropriate/not Appropriate
Personal Hygiene: Satisfactory/Not satisfactory
Your operational permit Ref. No…………………………… issued on
the …………….. of ………… 20……….. to operate a private
slaughterhouse is therefore cancelled for the rest of the year.
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Please note that your continued operation shall amount to a violation of
the law. You are therefore requested to remediate the identified
conditions and invite my office for another inspection.
Dated this …… day of ……………………... 20…….. at

…………………………...
3.3 Certificate of Registration of Food Premises (Form E.S.

13)
Certificate of Registration of Food Premises is valid until 31st day of

December of the year of issue. The license is subject to
renewal/revocation at the discretion of the issuing authority. See sample
below.
FORM E.S.13

CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION OF FOOD PREMISES
PREMISES NO…… ……..STREET……….……………………….

VILLAGE ……………………… WARD……………………………….
L GA…………..……….…………STATE …………………………….
The registration license is valid until 31st day of December of the year of
issue. However this license is subject to renewal/revocation at the discretion
of the issuing authority.
Fee paid………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………
Chief Environmental Health Officer/Date
……………………………………………..
Head of Department /Date
3.4 Inspection of Pest and Vector Control Outfit Forms
Form E. S.14G .
When a Pest and Vector Control outfit has complied with the set of
requirements for operation, the Form E.S.14G is issued to permit the outfit to
operate for the year. Such permit expires on the 31st day of December of the
year of issue.
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Form E. S.14R Inspection of Pest and Vector Control Outfit Form
When an individual, private or corporate applies for a renewal of license
to operate Pest and Vector Control outfit a re-inspection of the premises
for renewal would be conducted. If such premises were found to
constitute a threat to public health, then a renewal would be denied and
Form E.S.14R is issued. This means that previous permission granted
has been cancelled for the rest of the year.
FORM E.S.14

INSPECTION OF PEST AND VECTOR CONTROL OUTFIT
PERMIT
VILLAGE ……………………… WARD……………………………….
L GA………..……….…………STATE ……………………………….
Your Pest and Vector Control outfit has complied with the set requirements
for operation. You are hereby issued permit to operate for the year. This
permit expires on the 31st day of December of the year of issue.
Dated this ………………………………… day of …………………………..
……………………………………… ………………………………..
Chief Environmental Health Officer Head of Department
4.0 CONCLUSION
In this unit you learnt that individuals who intend to operate private
slaughterhouse, food premises or pest and vector control outfit require
certification of the environmental health officer after an initial
inspection. For every inspection, there is a specific form or tool to be
used.
5.0 SUMMARY
In this unit, you learnt how to complete the private slaughterhouse

inspection form; private slaughterhouse renewal/denial form;
registration of food premises form; and pest and vector control outfit
form.
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1. Differentiate between E.S.12G and E.S.12R forms.

2. Differentiate between E.S.14G and E.S.14R forms.
3. What are the validity periods for these forms?

the Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja, January 2005.

MODULE 4
Unit 1 Environmental Sanitation Report

Unit 2 Process of Enforcing Public Health Laws
Unit 3 Institutional Roles
Unit 4 Guidelines for Report Writing
UNIT 1 ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION REPORT
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objective
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Environmental Sanitation Report
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A report of any field operation is crucial in environmental health

practice to complement data collected with relevant forms. A brief
report may throw more light on certain operations that may not be
adequately captured in the inspection forms.
Besides, there are other types of reports that are required either monthly,
quarter or annually as the case may be.
141
2.0 OBJECTIVE
 write an environmental sanitation report.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 Environmental Sanitation Report
In this unit, we will look at an instrument which is used to summarise all

field operations or activities carried out quarterly or annually. This form
is called Form E.S. 15. A sample of this form is presented below.
FORM E.S. 15

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION REPORT
STATE …………………. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA …………………
I submit herewith the report of work performance for the
quarter/biannual/year ending ………………………. ………….. 20………
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
1. No. of Premises Inspected ……………………………..
2. No. not satisfactory ………………………………
3. No. with structural defect ……………………………….
4. No. remedied ……………………………….
5. No. with toilets facility ……………………………….
6. No. without toilet facility ……………………………….
7. No. with defective toilet ……………………………….
8. No. with bathroom accommodation ……………………………..
9. No. with defects ………………………………
10. No. with remedied ……………………………..
11. No. with kitchen accommodation ……………………………..
12. No. without/inadequate
kitchen accommodation ……………………………..
13. No. with defects ……………………………..
14. No. remedied ……………………………..
15. No. with pipe borne water supply …………………………….
16. No. functional ……………………………..
17. No with defective pipes ………………………………
18. No. remedied ……………………………….
19. No. well inspected ……………………………….
20. No. protected ……………………………….
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21. Other sources ……………………………….
(a) Protected ……………………………..
(b) Not protected ………………………………
22. No. of premises where
animals are reared ……………………………..
23. No reared unsanitary ……………………………..
24. No. of rooms inspected ……………………………..
25. No. with overcrowding ……………………………..
26. No. remedied ……………………………..
27. No. where offensive trades
are carried out …………………………….
28. No. remedied …………………………….
29. No. of new Structure ……………………………
30. No. of contravention ……………………………
31. No. of public drains inspected ……………………………
32. No. Satisfactory …………………………….
33. No. Not satisfactory ……………………………
Structure No. Referred No. Action TakenNo. Remedied

Damp floors
Poor Ventilation
Leaking Roof
Damp Walls
Cracked Walls
Broken Floors
Sagging Roof
DRAINAGE
Blocked
Broken
Poor
Soak away pit
Septic Tank
PEST CONTROL
NO. OF PREMISES TREATED
1. Number of Premises Inspected ……………………………….

Mosquitoes ……………………………………………………..
2. Number with rat infestation …………………………………
bed bugs ………………………………………………………..
3. Number derated ………………………………………………
Cockroaches…………………………………………………..
WEEKLY REPORTS
VERMINS/VECTORS FOUND REMA
MOS BED COC BEES ROD RKS
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QUITO BUG KROACH ENTS
S/N No. of NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Premises OF HO OF HO OF HO OF HO OF HO OF HO OF HO OF HO OF HO OF HO
inspected USES USES USES USES USES USES USES USES USES USES
SPRA NOT SPRA NOT SPRA NOT SPRA NOT SPRA NOT
YED SPRA YED SPRA YED SPRA YED SPRA YED SPRA
YED YED YED YED YED
WATER SAMPLING FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL AND

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
No. of samples taken
No. satisfactory
No. not satisfactory
COMPLAINTS
Nature of complaint No. of Complaints No. of Action No. of Action
received Taken Completed
Mosquitoes
Refuse
Septic Tank
Soakage pit
Felling of trees
Dangerous buildings
Contravention
No. of Complaints No. of Action No. of Action

Nature of complaint received Taken Completed
Vermin
Communicable Diseases
Food stuffs
Drains
Overgrown Grass/Weeds
Overcrowding
Water supply
Offensive Trade `
Miscellaneous
Food premises No. No. No. Remarks

Inspected Satisfactory unsatisfactory
Distilleries
Breweries
1) Beer
2) Stout
3) Local Liquor
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Aerated Water
Factories
Drinking Water
1) Bottled Water
2) Packaged Water
Bake Houses
Butcher’s Shops
Corn mills
Coffee Mills
Flour Mills
Dairies
Hotels
Canteen/Eating
House
Cold room/food
storage
Food factories
Ice-Cream
Premises
SLAUGTHER
HOUSE/LIARAGE
Public
Private
Hotels
Markets
UNREGISTERED
FOOD PREMISES
FOOD VENDORS
1. No. Trained ……………………………………………….
2. No. Licensed …………………………………………...
3. No. Operating License ……………………………………………
4. No. Prosecuted …………………………………………..
5. No. Medically Examined …………………………………………….
6. No. Certified Fit …………………………………………….
REFUSE COLLECTION/DISPOSAL
DOMESTIC WASTE
No. of Premises with Sanitary refuse bins ………………………………….
No. of Premises with unsanitary refuse bins ……………………………….
No. of Lorry loads of refuse deposited ……………………………………
Estimated quantity of refuse in weight …………………………………….
No. of Lorries available for use …………………………………….
(Adequate/Inadequate) …………………………………….
No. of Labourers (Adequate/Inadequate ……………………………………..
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PUBLIC REFUSE BINS
No. Sanitary ---------------------------------------------------------------

No. Unsanitary ---------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL
Adequate/Inadequate --------------------------------------------------------------
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
No. of Lorry loads collected -----------------------------------------------------
Estimated Hospital/Medical waste --------------------------------------------
METHOD OF FINAL DISPOSAL

Tipping
Controlled tipping
Incineration
Composting
CONSERVANCY SERVICES
No. of Public Toilets ------------------------------------------------
No. of Sanitary ------------------------------------------------
No. Unsanitary ------------------------------------------------
Adequate/Inadequate ------------------------------------------------
PARKS AND CEMETERY

No. of parks ------------------------------------------------
No. Inspected ------------------------------------------------
No. satisfactory ------------------------------------------------
No. of Cemeteries inspired -------------------------------------------
No. Satisfactory ------------------------------------------------
No. of Exhumations ------------------------------------------------
No. of Encasement of Corpses ---------------------------------------
No. of Transportation of corpses (local)-----------------------------
No. Cremated ------------------------------------------------
RABIES CONTROL
No. of dogs licensed ------------------------------------------------
No. of dogs retraced ------------------------------------------------
No. of dogs destroyed ------------------------------------------------
No. of dogs dead in Kennels ----------------------------------------
No. of dogs sold ------------------------------------------------
No. sent to medical school for examination ---------------------
No. of dog bites reported ---------------------------------------------
No. of patients referred for treatment -----------------------------
No. of dogs remaining in the kennel -------------------------------
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PROSECUTIONS
No. of abatement notices served ------------------------------------
No. complied with -----------------------------------------
No. not complied with -----------------------------------------
No. expired -----------------------------------------
No. prosecuted -----------------------------------------
No. found guilty ------------------------------------------
No. fined ------------------------------------------
No. cautioned ------------------------------------------
No. of outstanding cases ------------------------------------------
STAFF POSTION
GENERAL REMARKS
--------------------------------------------------- --------------------------
Chief Environmental Health Officer Head of Department
4.0 CONCLUSION
In this unit, you have learnt how to complete environmental sanitation

report form. It could be used as either for quarterly or annual report of
accomplished field operations.
5.0 SUMMARY
Various sanitary inspection forms are available for specific purposes.

Form E.S.15 is essentially for environmental sanitation report. It is
advisable you print out this form and study it again. In the last unit, you
will learn how to write technical report for any field operation.
Discuss the scope and contents of Form E.S.15


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UNIT 2 PROCESS OF ENFORCING PUBLIC HEALTH
LAWS
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Definition of Enforcement
3.2 Public Health Laws Enforcement Process
3.2.1 Inspection
3.2.2 Abatement Notice
3.2.3 Court Proceedings
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In this unit we shall be discussing the processes of enforcing public

health law. We shall consider the definition of enforcement, list and
briefly discuss the various processes in involved or that could be
followed to enforce the breach of public health laws.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
 define law enforcement

 list some processes involved in public health laws enforcement
 briefly discuss the processes involved in public health laws
enforcement.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 Definition of Enforcement
Before going to define public health laws enforcement or law

enforcement (as they mean the same thing both in ordinary criminal
procedure and environmental or public health law circle), it is important
to say that the method of public health laws enforcement in Nigeria is
one of the weakest. It is more tailored towards domestic offenders
instead of industrial and commercial offenders whose activities actually
pose more threat to life and physical damage to the environment.
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Most companies in Nigeria do not have noise monitors or do not even
provide respirators to workers working in very hazardous environment.
It is also doubtful whether there is any pollution level set for the various
types of industries and where certain industry should be sited. In fact the
environmental sanitation authorities themselves do not often comply
with these standards, for example, we see road sweepers sweeping road
without respirators or face mask, refuse truck most times carry refuse
across the city without covering them.
However, let us define enforcement since that is the focus of this unit.
Enforcement is the process of bringing any person who has committed
an offence to attend or answer the charge against him/her before a
competent authority or tribunal or court for the purpose of determining
his/her innocence or guilt and to give appropriate sanction. According to
Webster’s Online Dictionary, enforcement is federal or state or local
legal actions to obtain compliance with environmental laws, rules,
regulations, or agreements and/or obtain penalties or criminal sanctions
for violations. Enforcement procedures may vary, depending on the
requirements of different environmental laws and related implementing
regulations.
The point you need to note from the above definitions is that once we
mention enforcement of public health laws we are talking about the
various ways public health rules or regulation are complied with and the
sanctions that could be imposed on an offender if found to have
breached a public health offence.
It would be also necessary to point out that the process of enforcing

public health laws is slightly different from normal criminal
enforcement procedure. While in normal criminal procedure it entails all
those steps that may be required to compel the accused attendance of the
police station or the court and which in most cases begin with either an
arrest or a summons (Osamor, 2004).
In public health law the procedure does not begin with arrest or
summons, on the contrary it begins with an inspection, notice, then a
summons and followed by arrest where necessary. We shall now
consider some of these processes in the next section.
3.2 Public Health Laws Enforcement Process
3.2.1 Inspection
The first process in the enforcement of public health laws is inspection.

It is the statutory duty of the local government authority and other
environmental protection agencies to carry out regular inspection of
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premises, streets and industries as well as measure the level of either air
or water pollution from time to time so as to determine what action they
should take in the performance of their functions under the relevant law
establishing them (Ormandy and Burridge, 1988).
Although, from time to time may appear imprecise and vague, however,
it not an excuse not to carry out regular inspection which is to be
determined by the nature or level of prevalence or likelihood of the
presence of nuisances. It would amount to an abandonment of duty if the
local government council or the relevant environmental protection
agency fails to carry out inspection of their local government area from
time to time.
The main purpose of inspection is to detect the presence of statutory

nuisances and to take steps to remove them, ascertain repairs, areas of
improvement, slum that require clearing, drainages and gutters that
require cleaning, overgrown weeds, refuse dump sites, and general
housing conditions to ensure they are safe and fit for human habitation.
However, before an inspection is undertaken adequate notice has to be
given to the occupiers of the resident or the industry or locality within
which the inspection is to be carried out. This is to both serve the
requirement of the law and to avoid action for trespass. And at the end
of the inspection there must be a report stating the major findings which
must be available to Chief Health Officer of the local government who
is acting on behalf of the council to take a decision on the next steps.
An ideal inspection report must contain the following: the address of the
premises or area, the name(s) of the inspector in case of more than one
person but the head of the team must be the person writing and signing
the inspection report, the date of inspection, the name of the tenant(s) or
occupant, the name of the landlord if different from the occupant, the
date of commencement of the present tenancy if it is rented premises,
the rent, the rates, number of persons staying in the household, the
official number of persons permitted for this type of household, a
general description of the premises or the area, detail report about the
conditions of the house like bathroom, kitchen, toilet, living room,
heating and cooling systems, bedroom, roof, the floor, ventilation,
conditions of the wall, the paints. This is followed by comments noting
the state of things and at the end the name and signature of the inspector
or head of inspection.
There could be a re-inspection report which is usually done if a notice of

abatement has been issued and at the end of the period given, the
inspector goes back to assess the conditions. In this case the report
would not be as detailed as the first. But it must still contain the address,
name of inspector, date of inspection, name of tenant and landlord. Then
150
the body of the report is preferably divided in a tabular form with the
left side headed details of inspection (dated 4th November, 2011) and
the right side headed details of re-inspection (dated 4th December,
2011). The entries on the left side would indicate the state of affairs as at
the last inspection, while the right side is just to state whether still
present or no longer present. It is the report of the inspection that set the
stage for the next line of action which is almost always the issuance of
an abatement notice.
3.2.2 Abatement Notice
The next step in the enforcement of public health laws is the service of
an “Abatement Notice”. Once the inspector has submitted his report and
the local government are satisfied that there is existence of statutory
nuisance then an abatement notice must be served on the persons
occupying the premises or living within the vicinity asking them to
remove the nuisance (Ormandy and Burridge, 1988). An abatement
notice can be defined as a notice issued under the authority of the local
government council by a person so authorised to do so informing an
occupant of an inspected premises or area of the existence of some
nuisance which needs to be removed, stating details of the nuisance and
the steps required to remove them, and the time within which to remove
the said nuisance. It is important that the abatement notice contains the
necessary details otherwise it would be invalid.
Also, the notice must be served on the appropriate person and depending
on the nature of the nuisance to be abated, but it is usually on the person
whose act, omission or default or sufferance has led to the existence of
the nuisance. However, where such a person cannot be found then the
notice is to be served on the occupier(s) or the owner.
It is also important you know that a statutory abatement notice can only
be served while the nuisances is still in existence, however, where it has
already occurred and it is likely to occur or has occurred repeatedly in
the past then a prohibition notice would be the best notice to be served.
Also, there is no right of appeal against abatement or prohibition
notice(s).
However, there are several forms an abatement notice may take. It may
either be repair notice or improvement notice or slum clearance notice.
Whatever may be the form of notice it must be given 24 hours before a
health inspector can exercise the right of entry. It is necessary to issue
the proper notice and have the proper authorisation before a health
inspector exercises the right of entry. Otherwise, if he is prevented from
entering the premises the occupants would not be guilty of obstruction,
151
rather he may be guilty of unlawful entry and trespass (Ormandy and
Burridge, 1988).
3.2.3 Court Proceedings
The next process in the enforcement of public health laws is court

proceeding which are always commenced at the magistrates court. The
court could be a permanent or mobile court. A mobile court is often used
during special sanitation days or occasion that requires the immediate
trial and conviction of several offenders. The court session is always not
held in the regular to court sitting place and time. Conversely, the
permanent court holds or sits at its regular place and time to hear the
allegation of breach of public health laws brought against any person.
In most cases the actions in the magistrates courts is occasioned by the

failure to obey an abatement notice or fully comply with the content of
the abatement notice or where there is recurrence or the likelihood of
recurrence of the nuisance after it has been abated or that the nuisance is
not completely abated by the offender. However, while the proceedings
for the enforcement of an abatement notice still subsist the local
government council or the relevant enforcement agency could still take
other measures to ensure the abatement and prevention of the recurrence
of the conditions that have led to the existence of the nuisance
(Ormandy and Burridge, 1988).
Similarly, the local government health authority or other enforcement

agencies may commence proceedings at the magistrate court where a
prohibition notice has been served or not complied following the
recurrence of a statutory nuisance. Usually, all public health offences
proceedings at the magistrate’s court are criminal in nature whether for
non-compliance with notice or obstruction of officers on duty or refusal
or neglect to completely abate a nuisance or contravention of other
environmental offence. They are commenced by way of laying an
information before the magistrate who examines the facts so disclosed in
the information sheet and if satisfied that there is a prima facie case
against the accused a summons would be issued against which will be
served on him to appear to answer the charge on a particular day, place
and time.
A summons is usually a written order by a magistrate or any judicial

officer so authorised by law notifying an individual that he has been
charged with an offence and requiring him to appear in court or a police
station at a particular date and time (being not less than 48 hours after
the service of such summons) to answer to the charge or allegation
against him (Osamor, 2004). In the case of public health offences the
summons is always requiring the person to appear before the court.
152
Summons is usually issued for misdemeanours and breach of other local
government bye-laws and it is equivalent of an arrest warrant. A breach
of summons or disobedience of summons is a criminal offence as it is
regarded as contempt of court and the trial is summary.
However, you need to know that in the case of mobile court a summons
is not needed because it is summary trial because the offender was
caught committing the offence and so the proceedings take place
immediately. Furthermore, in public health offence proceedings the
prosecution is the local government authority represented by the health
officer especially the inspector and the chief health officer and not the
police or a lawyer who has obtained a fiat of the state attorney general in
other criminal offences or proceedings. The charge is read out to the
accused and his plea taken and then the local government authority
health officer(s) would open the case against the accused by stating the
facts of the offence and the particular section of the environmental
health or public health law that the accused has breached (Ormandy and
Burridge, 1988). The defendant would then have the right to cross
examine witnesses if any was called by the prosecution and state his
own case. The prosecution just like in regular criminal proceeding has
no right of final address but may ask questions to clarify facts and argue
on the point of law. Although, there are order public health laws
enforcement procedures such as injunction obtained from the high court
to prevent a polluter from continuing the action of pollution, or takeover
a premises or prevent people from entry a particular building or
premises or area because of the existence of nuisance which is of high
public health threat. Or an order to allow the local government to take
over a property for the purpose of abating nuisance or action for the
recovery of expenses incurred for abating a nuisance. These would be
discussed briefly because of the nature of this course which is primarily
introductory.
From the above discussion, you can see that there is difference between
the public health laws enforcement procedures and the ordinary criminal
law enforcement process. Also you can see that there are several
processes involved in the enforcement of public health laws.
4.0 CONCLUSION
In this unit our focus has been on the definition of enforcement and the
various processes of enforcing public health laws. It is hoped you have
learnt the definition of enforcement and will be able to define
enforcement, list and discuss some processes of enforcing public health
153
5.0 SUMMARY
In this unit we learned the definition of enforcement and the processes

of enforcing public health laws.
1. Define the term law enforcement in your own words.

2. (a) List three processes of enforcing public health laws you
have learnt in this unit.
(b) Briefly discuss two of the processes.
Ibet-Iragunima, M.W. (2006). Fundamentals of Primary Health Care.

Port Harcourt: Paulimaly Pinters.
Okonkwo, C.O. (2003): Okonkwo and Nash on Criminal Law in

Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited.
Ormandy, D. & Burridge, R. (1988): Environmental Health Standards

in Housing. London: Sweet & Maxwell.
Osamor, B. (2004). Fundamentals of Criminal Procedure Law in

Nigeria. Dee-Sage Nigeria Limited.
Wing, K.R. et al. (2007). Public Health Law. Library of Congress

Cataloging-in-Publication.
154
UNIT 3 INSTITUTIONAL ROLES
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Institutional Roles
3.1.1 Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv)
3.1.2 State Ministry of Environment/Agencies
Responsible for Sanitation in States
3.1.3 State Ministry of Health
3.1.4 Local Government
3.2 Strategies for Sustaining Sanitary Inspection of Premises
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In this unit, you will learn oversight functions of the Federal Ministry of
Environment, state ministry of environment/agencies in states, state
ministry of health as well as local government authority responsible for
sanitation matters.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
 describe the roles of the Federal Ministry of Environment with

respect to environmental sanitation.
 itemise the roles of the state ministry of environment/agencies in
states, state ministry of health as well as local government
authority responsible for sanitation matters.
 list at least 5 strategies for sustaining sanitary inspection of
premises.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 Institutional Roles
3.1.1 Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv)
 Develop, periodically review and update the Policy Guidelines on
155
Sanitary Inspection of Premises.
 Conduct official launch of the national sanitary inspection of

premises programme.
 Train and retrain EHOs on policy guidelines.
 Support the provision of basic logistics (motorcycles, policy

guideline documents and inspection forms) for effective take off
of the programme.
 Provide technical support to states on programme

implementation.
 Encourage states to ensure compliance with laid down policy

guidelines.
 Coordinate sanitary inspection of premises reports from the

states.
 Collaborate with other relevant stakeholders and ESAs.
3.1.2 State Ministry of Environment/Agencies Responsible for

Sanitation in States
 Support the implementation of the policy guidelines on sanitary

 Provide technical support to LGAs.
 Support the provision of basic logistics (motorcycles, outboard

boats, bicycles, policy guidelines and inspection forms) to LGAs.
 Conduct public education and enlightenment on sanitary

 Inspect all regulated premises within their jurisdiction.
 Monitor LGAs to ensure compliance with laid down guidelines.
 Coordinate returns of sanitary inspection of premises from LGAs.
 Render quarterly report to the Federal Ministry of

Environment.
156
3.1.3 State Ministry of Health
 Continue training of required number of environmental health

officers needed for this programme.
3.1.4 Local Government
 Implement the sanitary inspection of premises programme.

 Print sanitary inspection of premises forms.
 Recruit, train and retrain EHOs.
 Enlighten the public on the reintroduction of sanitary inspection
of premises.
 Enforce the relevant environmental sanitation laws and prosecute
offenders.
 Conduct public education and enlightenment on environmental
sanitation in the community.
 Inspect all restaurants, bukaterias, guest houses and other
regulated premises within their jurisdiction.
 Render monthly report to states.
3.2 Strategies for Sustaining Sanitary Inspection of Premises
a. Advocacy at all levels.

b. Ensure availability of relevant forms and other logistics for
sanitary inspection of premises.
c. Recruit, train and retrain environmental health officers.
d. Enlighten and sensitise the public on the
reintroduction/strengthening of sanitary inspection of premises
(house to house sanitary inspection).
e. Organise zonal seminars and community on the implementation
of the Policy Guidelines on Sanitary Inspection of Premises.
4.0 CONCLUSION
In order to achieve the much desired results in environmental sanitation

the federal and state ministries of environment, state agencies
responsible for sanitation matters as well as local government authorities
must collaborate. Every sector should play its own expected roles
towards achieving the MDG goal on environmental sanitation.
5.0 SUMMARY
 In this unit, you have learnt the roles of the Federal Ministry of
Environment with respect to environmental sanitation.
157
 You also learnt the roles of the state ministry of
environment/agencies in states, state ministry of health as well as
local government authority responsible for sanitation matters.
 We finally suggested strategies that are useful for sustaining
sanitary inspection of premises.
1. Describe the roles of the Federal Ministry of Environment with

respect to environmental sanitation.
2. Itemise 5 roles (each), of the state ministry of
environment/agencies in states, state ministry of health as well as
local government authority responsible for sanitation matters.
3. List 5 strategies for sustaining sanitary inspection of premises in
Nigeria.


158
UNIT 4 GUIDELINES FOR REPORT WRITING
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Definition
3.2 Types of Report
3.3 Essential Elements of Technical Report
3.4 Literature Referencing
3.5 The Process of Writing a Technical Report
3.6 Graphic Aids/Visual Aids
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This is the last unit of this course. We will look at how to write a
technical report and the essential elements of such report.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
 list types of reports

 describe the essential elements of technical report
 write briefly on:
i. literature referencing
ii. process of writing a technical report
iii. significance of graphic aids/visual aids.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 Definition
Report is a consciously arranged document written (sometimes oral) to

convey discovered information about some problems previously
experienced and investigated for the sole purpose of helping an
organisation to solve problems. According to Saheed O. Rasheed,
reports provide a means of mirroring and moving an organisation
forward. Let us look at the various types of report.
159
3.2 Types of Report
i. Formal Report
ii. Informal Report
Formal report
Formal report is usually initiated at the instance of request given by
someone (an authority), also long and impersonal in both style and form.
Style manifests in the use of strictly formal, business-like language. The
choice of words and arrangements must be in agreement with certain
convention of formal report writing, e.g. passive language is preferred to
active:
I discovered … (not preferred)

It was discovered … (preferred)
Informal report are carefully structured according to definite patterns

such as heading, subheadings, preliminary, covers, title page, table of
content, bibliography, etc.
Informal report
Informal report is not authorised; the writer initiates the informal report
him/herself. It is also cast in informal style with a structure that is
lacking in formal reports.
3.3 Essential Elements of Technical Report
(i) Title Page: It indicates the scope of the investigation by carrying

the title of the report, name of writer, date of completion, etc.
(ii) Contents: This is a list of the several division and sub-divisions
of the report with their corresponding page numbers in the report.
It should be so detailed such that potential readers can easily
locate any section he/she is interested in.
(iii) Abstract: This is the part of the report which gives a concise
preview of the work – a general summary which serves to attract
the readers’ attention. It gives the general nature and scope of the
report. It must provide the readers with the important conclusions
and recommendation from the report. Abstracts are usually
written at the end of the investigation but come in the preliminary
part of the report.
(iv) Term of reference/introduction: It gives the background of the
work investigated in the report, which includes the reason that
informed the writing. If written in response to some request, the
authorisation must be stated including facts about the writers.
(v) Methodology: This is a statement of how a problem was solved
describing the procedure and tools. These may include research
160
through interviews, studies, visitations, questionnaires, etc. It
must help readers in understanding the report as a whole.
(vi) Body of the report/finding: This is where the report is discussed
in detail. The discovered fact about the problem in relation to
which the report is written is comprehensively stated. The body
can be analytic or states only facts.
(vii) Conclusion: It states the points of view which the writer arrived
at, using the findings of the report as evidence or premises. The
points must be logically stated in order to convince readers. This
is because the conclusion is the view the author wants readers to
subscribe to in relation to the investigated problem.
(viii) Recommendation: It provides possible solutions to the problems
about which the report is written. The recommendations must
relate to the findings and conclusions of the report.
(ix) Appendix: It is an optional part of a report which contains
additional information which is related to the discussion in the
body. Information that are relevant but which may disrupt the
main discussion are located in the appendix as reference.
Appendix is made up of materials that cannot be conveniently
accommodated in the body of the report.
(x) Footnotes: It is placed at the bottom of the pages in the body of a
report as reference material. They show authority for statements
made in the body of the report. Footnotes should only be used
when necessary.
(xi) Bibliography/referencing: It is a terminal part of a report used
to acknowledge books consulted in the course of an investigation
which serves as sources of materials used in writing the report.
References are usually listed alphabetically using the surnames of
the author or serially numbered.
3.4 Literature Referencing
A reference is a list of all sources that were actually cited in a report

where a bibliography consists of a listing all sources that proved useful
in the execution of a study or report.
Citation serves as an acknowledgement to the original source of the

information as well as providing information that will be helpful in
identifying and retrieving the source of information. Standard formats
exist for making citation and there are many of such styles or formats. In
a discipline, one or more styles may be in use while different institution
or persons may prefer and use different styles. Some of the styles that
are commonly used in education and allied disciplines include those by:
(1) American Psychological Association (A.P.A.)

(2) Modern Language Association of America (M.L.A.)
161
(3) National Educational Association of the United States (N.E.A.)
(4) Turabian, Kate, L. or Chicago Manual of Styles (CMS)
(5) Hubbes, George S.
(6) Ballon, Stephen U.
The A.P.A. reference style appears to be the most extensively used in

the behavioural sciences. As a matter of fact, no one style or format
could be said to be better than the other. It is only a matter of convention
and of course orientation that people prefer one style to the other.
3.5 The Process of Writing a Technical Report
They are in stages such as problem analysis, fact collection, fact

organisation and final writing:
(1) Problem analysis: A report writer must have an understanding of

the problem at stake. He decides on how to go about the research
and arrangement of information. He would investigate the
sources of all needed information and could also consult experts
in the related field.
The writer then goes ahead to formulate, clearly, a problem statement
(in writing) having understood the problem basis of the report.
(2) Fact collection: Having defined the problem basis, the writer
goes ahead to use as appropriate, any of the following avenues of
data collection: Library research, observation, experimentation,
survey.
(i) Library research – He consults books, articles, brochures
and speeches in the library.
(ii) Observation – This provides information through careful
examination of relevant materials, persons, items or
objects.
(iii) Experimentation – To test cause and effect relationship it
usually takes place in laboratories.
(iv) Survey – Is a search for views and opinions concerning
human behaviours.
(3) Fact organisation: The writer organises the findings for
presentation having gathered sufficient information through any
of the methods above.
(4) Fact interpretation: The writer interprets organised facts if only
the report is analytical. Interpretation of facts is the careful study
of the finding in a report which results into inferred conclusions
and/or recommendations.
(5) Final writing: The final writing of a report will be very easy
provided all the preceding steps have been taken meticulously.
162
3.6 Graphic Aids/Visual Aids
According to Hisham Altalib (1991: 243), we learn more and retain

more of what we learn when verbal communication is aided by visual
communication. Visual aids also help to add variety and emphasis to a
presentation.
The National Teachers’ Institute (NTI) Post Graduate Diploma in

Education Handbook on Education Technology defines graphics as
“non-photographic, two-dimensional materials that communicate
information or ideas using some combination of drawing, words,
symbols and pictures. Graphic messages are brief, well focused and
visually symbolic” (125). Graphic materials are of various kinds
namely: drawing (including sketches and diagrams), charts, graphs,
posters, cartoons and comics. Visual aid/graphic aids must add depth to
the message. It should be simple, clear and consistent in appearance.
Keep graphics simple with only relevant information shown or
highlighted. The message must reinforce that of speech presentation.
4.0 CONCLUSION
Report is a consciously arranged document written (sometimes oral) to

convey discovered information about some problems previously
experienced and investigated for the sole purpose of helping an
organisation to solve problems. It could be formal or informal. There are
various techniques used in report writing depending on the type of
report in question.
5.0 SUMMARY
In this unit we learnt about the different types of reports, the essential
elements of technical report, literature referencing, process of writing a
technical report and the significance of graphic aids/visual aids in report
writing.
1. Explain the different types of reports.

2. Describe the essential elements of technical report.
3. Write briefly on:
i. literature referencing
ii. process of writing a technical report
iii. significance of graphic aids/visual aids.
163
Dabyshire, A.E. (1970). Report Writing. Plymouth: Edward Arnold

(Publishers) Ltd.
Lesikar, R.V. (1974). How to Write a Report. Illinois: Dolo Jones Irwin
Inc.
National Teachers’ Institute. Education Technology. A Handbook for

Post-Graduate Diploma in Education: NTI Kaduna.
Rhodes, F.H. (1961). Technical Report Writing. New York: McGraw-

Hill Book Co. Ltd.
164

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NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: EHS 306

COURSE TITLE: SANITARY INSPECTION FOR

Course Team Dr. Ibrahim Shehu Omoniyi (Course Developer/

NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

All Rights Reserved

EHS 306 Sanitary Inspection of Premises is a two-credit unit course

Therefore, inspection of premises in environmental health practice is a

WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS COURSE

In this course, you will learn about sanitary inspection of premises,

Tutor-marked assignments will also be given and are expected to be

On successful completion of the course, you should be able to:

 define inspection, nuisance and setback

WORKING THROUGH THIS COURSE

The main components of the course materials are:

 The Course Guide

This course is divided into 15 units discussed under 3 modules as given

Unit 1 Basic Concepts, Definition and Types of Premises

Unit 1 Guidelines for Appraisal of Food Premises

Unit 1 Tools for Inspection of Premises

Unit 1 Environmental Sanitation Report

Each unit consists of one or two weeks work and include an

TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES

You are advised to consult as many textbooks/journals/Internet sources,

Part of the course assessment includes the tutor-marked assignments. In

The TMA is a continuous component of your course. It accounts for

FINAL EXAMINATION AND GRADING

COURSE MARKING SCHEME

Unit Title of Work Weeks Assessment

Unit 2 Guidelines for Routine Week 6 Assignment 5

There are 15 hours of tutorials provided in support of this course. You

Your facilitator will mark and comment on your assignments, keep a

Do not delay to contact your facilitator by telephone or e-mail if you

The following might be circumstances in which you would find

 you do not understand any part of the study or the assigned

This course intends to provide you with the knowledge of sanitary

 define inspection, nuisance and setback

Unit 1 Basic Concepts, Definition and Types of Premises 1

Unit 1 Guidelines for Appraisal of Food Premises 19

Unit 1 Tools for Inspection of Premises……………. 34

Unit 1 Environmental Sanitation Report……………. 65

Unit 1 Basic Concepts, Definition and Types of Premises

UNIT 1 BASIC CONCEPTS, DEFINITION AND TYPES

The inspection of premises has been the traditional duty of

Therefore, inspection of premises in environmental health practice is a

At the end of this unit, you should be able to:

 define inspection, nuisance and setback

3.0 MAIN CONTENT

The environment plays a major role in the health and well-being

A house can be defined as a man made physical structure which is

The word premises is used to describe passage, building, land, tenement,

i. A dwelling-house or a building within the courtyard of a dwelling

3.3.1 Regulated Premises

Regulated premises means and includes but not limited to bake-house

3.3.2 Non-Regulated Premises

Non- regulated premises are referred to as residential houses.

An inspection means the act of looking closely at something/somebody,