4.

2 To 'Sir with love'

* The narrator played a crucial role in bringing a significant change in students discuss.

Ans. E.R Braithwaite is the narrator of ‘To Sir, with Love. He was a teacher in a school where the students were
disrespectful and ill-mannered. They were mischievous. They considered their teacher to be arrogant and unfamiliar.
Boys and girls in his class harassed the narrator. But the narrator was very determined. He didn’t lose his patience and
started using very friendly and loving methods to handle them. He took them to excursions. As a result, the student
handled half yearly report very successfully. They allocated the tasks among themselves. They were confident and clear.
They were cool and efficient They were kind and courteous towards their teacher. This shows the narrator brought a
crucial change in students.

* Fernman brought a comic relief in the Students 'Council Programme. Explain

In the Students council programme Fernman came on the stage with his two friends. They (Welsh and Alison) came with
a Skeleton. It was hanging from a screw connected to the skull. It was moving at the end of a cord. This brought a comic
relief in the programme. The students of the school showed its approval by laughing uproariously.

Denham

Denham is one of the students of Braithwaite’s class. He is a very important character as he manages the programme.
He is very confident and business like. He allocates tasks to the students. He sits beside the Head. He says 'Miss' to the
girls politely, He is a trained boxer. While discussing P.T. and games, he socks the audience with his views.He does not
want to do P.T exercises. He feels them unnecessary for him. His tone is clear critical and argumentative. He accepts his
defeat in argument very politely.

*Miss Joseph.

Miss Joseph is confident. She is business like. She also allocated the tasks confidently. She is an important official for the
function. She sits beside Mr. Florian on the stage. She talks to the audience confidently. She was the student
representative for Domestic Science.

* Character sketch of the 'Narrator' MR. E.R. Braithwaite.

- The Narrator is a very sensitive person. He is a teacher. At the beginning he is very upset at the racism. He has a very
difficult time with the students. The students were ill-mannered and disrespectful to him. They harass him. He has
creative and innovative ideas. He has a very good understanding. He understands the students. He wins their hearts. He
never lost his patience. He used good ideas and techniques. He brought a significant change in students. At the half-
yearly students. programme, the students behaved very well. He was proud of his students.

Miss Dare.

Ans. - Miss Dare's subject of presentation was physiology. She spoke about the problems of the humanity. She spoke in
terms of diseases. She spoke on knowledge, advice and assistance. Her contribution was something of an anti-climax.
She spoke calmly and confidently.

Miss Phillips-

She was a teacher at the panel discussion. At the beginning she was thought to be brainless and frilly. She is the best-
informed teacher on stage. She is skillful. She finds the proper ways between two teachers. She is cool and honest. She
speaks with authority. She is slim. She controls her class very well

She argues very skillfully and sweetly. She says that the whole timetable is helpful. The timetable is a part of training.
She says that P.T. is useful. She put Denham in his place. She impresses the narrator.
Mr. Florian

Ans. Mr. Florian is the head of Greenslade School. He speaks on the day of the half-yearly reports of the student's
council. He speaks about aims and policy of the school. He speaks about student's contribution. He praises the students.
He identifies himself with the school and students. He is proud of all the children. He appreciates their efforts.

Mr. Florian is practical and logical. He is proud of the students. He praises the children. He is appreciative.

Describe the purpose of organizing the half- yearly report programme of Students Council

Students Council was held on the 15th November. Each class has its representatives. They would report on different
topics or subject. They would speak on their studies after the report. A panel of teacher was invited on the stage. The
teacher would answer the questions in a hall. The purpose was to know what the students understood rather than what
they were expected to learn. The senior students organized the programme.

Write in your words the entire half yearly reports programme of Students Council.

Ans. Students Council was held on 15th November. The students talked on their subjects. They talked about what they
had studied. Miss Joseph and Denham were on the stage Mr. Florian the head of the school made a speech. Then each
class gave their reports of their progress. The panel of teacher was chosen. The teacher gave answers. The narrator's
class was the last one to present their reports. The students spoke with study. They spoke cleverly. They talked about
different people, cultures, customs and cooperation.

Miss Joseph talked on interdependency of mankind and on domestic science. Potter talked on weights, measures and
maths.

Miss Pegg and Jackson spoke on Geography. Miss Dare and Fernman spoke on physiology. Fernman brought a skeleton
on the stage. He said "Basically all the people are same".

Denham complained against P.T. Miss Phillips cleared the doubts of Denham. The narrator was happy with the progress
of the students of his class.

Describe the question answer session.

Ans - There were three teachers on the stage. Miss Phillips was the best-informed teacher. She was honest and cool. She
answered the questions skillfully. Fernman was skilful in asking the question.

Denham was also clear in his criticism. He spoke against P.T and games. He said P.T twice a week only is a waste of time.

Miss Phillips cleared his doubts about P.T. She said,"P.T. is useful for every student. "The whole timetable was meant to
help the students after they left the school. It was a part of training and not of liking it. That answer defeated Denham.
He accepted his defeat.

Where did the event of half-yearly report take place? Give reason to Support your answer. (Setting)

The event took place in auditorium of the school. Greenslade School at 10.00 a.m. Everyone rushed into the auditorium
to sit together there.

The incidents in the extract occurred at a particular place. Explain the Significance of the place.

The incident in the extract takes place in the auditorium of Greens lade school. The theme of the extract is 'student
teacher relationship' This is the important day of half yearly report of the Student's Council. The head of the school, the
teacher and the students attend the reports. There is a stage. It is a formal occasion. The students give the presentation.
It shows the progress of the students
Explain how the setting of the extract contributes to the theme of the Novel.

The Theme of the novel is the teacher student's relationship. Another theme is a change in the behaviour of students.
At the beginning students were ill-mannered and disrespectful. The students are not in a mood to change their attitude
and behaviour. The narrator uses his novel and innovative ideas to understand the students. At last he wins their hearts.
He judges students from their behaviour on the day of the half-yearly reports of Student's Council. The setting is an
auditorium of the school. It is formal atmosphere. It is just right. The question answer session and discussion also
contribute to the theme.

Justify-‘To Sir, with Love’ is an autobiographical novel.

This novel is an autobiographical. E. R. Braithwaite is the narrator. Though an engineer, accepts the job of a teacher in
Greenslade School in London’s East End. The school is full of unruly students. The narration of the novel is in the first
person and reflects the personal ideas and opinions. The narrator has observed everything very sensitively and minutely.
He comments on the behaviour of the students and teachers. He was proud of his students. His keen observation and
the depth of the narration show his involvement in everything. He has written from his heart.

4.3 Around the World in Eighty Days

Characters

Phileas Fogg is as cool as a cucumber whereas Passepartout is as crazy as a loon. Explain it with references from the
text.

- Phileas Fogg was always cool. He was cool and calm in prison. Once he felt that he had lost a wager. He shut himself up
in his house. He shut himself up in his house. He was cool with Passepartout and Aouda. He could control his emotions.

Passepartout was very emotional. He was very excited. He could avoid Fogg's arrest. He felt quite repentant. He was
thrilled with Fogg's marriage with Aouda. He felt worried over fogg's losing wager. He rushed to Fogg to inform him that
it was Saturday and not Sunday.

Detective Fix tried hard but could not fix the charge of robbery on Fogg. Explain it from the point of views of Fix.

- The police did not give clear description of a robber to me. I thought it would be Fogg. I also thought no one would take
a world tour in eighty days. I followed him. I put hurdles in his path. I arrested him in Liverpool. It was my duty. Fogg was
not a guilty person. The robber was already arrested. Fogg was a responsible gentleman. I was sorry. I apologized him. At
last, I released him.

Character sketch of Aouda.

Aouda is grateful and loving. She is sincere and sweet. She is noble and unselfish. She is charming, generous and kind.
She had a difficult time in India. Some people wanted to kill her. Fogg saved her. He took her with him to England. Fogg
loved her. She was ready to marry him. Fogg was proud of her to be his wife.

Phileas Fogg.

He is alone. He is solitary. He is honest and courageous. He is calm and honourable. He cared little about the opinions of
others. He is 40 years old. He faced a lot of challenges. He won the bet. He is grateful. He loves Aouda and marries her.

Passepartout.

He is loyal and faithful. He is loving and grateful. He feels repentant. He is the servant of Mr. Fogg. He is prompt and
humble, He is ready to take any risk. He is also crazy. He feels very happy when Fogg wins the bet. He is sincere to Fogg.
He is very helpful to Mr. Fogg.
Detective Fix -

Fix is dutiful. He is foolish and stubborn. He feels repentant at last. He is unimaginative. He took a doubt on Mr. Fogg.
He arrested Mr. Fogg as a robber. He followed Fogg continuously. He harassed Fogg a lot.

There is a sudden twist in the climax of the novel. Explain with relevant examples.

Fogg first thinks that he has lost the wager. He also thinks that he has also lost money and honour. The example ' ..........
To fail near the goal ....... It was terrible!' proves the same. Fix arrested him as a robber. But Passepartout told Fogg it
was Saturday and not Sunday. They reached the Reform Club and won the bet (wager). There was an excited crowd.
Fogg said, "Here I am, gentlemen!"

Which of the following means of transport is used in the extract and explain how it helped the characters.

Elephants, trains and steamers were used as a means of transport in the novel. They help them go around the world in
the given time. Transport. In this extract only, trains are mentioned. At first Fogg missed the train. Then he arranged the
special train. He reached London by train. He overcame the hurdles. He reached on time. At last he won the wager.

Pick and explain all the places where the incidents took place.

The first incident took place in the Prison at the Custom House. Fogg and his companions go to Liverpool station to catch
a train back to London. The Reform Club is located there. Fogg thinks he has lost the bet, they go to Saville Row. It is
Fogg's residence. The next location is a preacher's house. The arrangements for Fogg's wedding are made there. The last
location is the Reform Club. Fogg wins a bet at Reform Club.

Most of the setting in this extract is London. Explain how setting of London is suited to the theme of the novel-

Fogg's house was in London. His residence was in London. The Reform Club is also located in London. The bet took place
at Reform Club. Fogg's journey starts from London. It ends in London. Hence, London is the central location for the
novel.

Importance of Reform Club.

Fogg goes to Reform Club regularly. Fogg bets with his club members at this place. He was expected to return to Reform
Club before 8.45 p.m. 80 days later. The club members were waiting for his return. He reached the Reform Club before
the time. He wins the bet.

Write in short on the "Time" theme of the extract.

- Fogg has to go around the world in Eighty days. He has to win the wager. Time fails their plans in many cases. Fogg gets
arrested as a robber. He loses his precious time. He misses the train. He gets late for the arranged train. He gains a spare
day crossing the International Date Line. So, he wins bet. The message is no one controls time.

Write in short on the 'Morality' theme.

Fogg spends all his money to keep his honour. He saves Aouda's life. He brings her safe to England. He accepts his
defect. He forgives Passepartout for his mistakes. He has no grudge against Mr. Fix. He rewards Mr. Fix. Justice is done
to him in the end. He wins bet. He wins love and peace. He wins happiness. Love and happiness are more important
than money and all challenges.

'Quitters never win and winners never quit' Explain. / Central idea of’ Around the World in Eighty Days’

At last Fogg wins the bet. He completes the tour in eighty days. He missed his train. He was delayed. But he gained a day
crossing the International Date Line. Love, happiness and peace are more important than money and challenges in our
life. He also wins love of Aouda. Fogg does not blame anyone. He does not lose his temper.
What made Mr. Fogg think that he had lost the bet?

During the journey Fogg's watch had gone twenty-four hours ahead of London time. He was not aware of this. He
reached London a day before of 20th December. His watch showed 21st December. He was arrested at Liverpool. He
thought that he was late to London. So he thought he had lost the bet.4

How did Aouda react when Mr. Fogg had lost the bet?

Mr. Fogg thought that he had lost the bet. He went home. He thought he was a poor man. He would not be able to help
Aouda. He was worried about her. She understood his condition. She said that he was a brave and honest man. She was
grateful to him. She was ready to marry him though he was without money.

How did it come to know that Mr. Fogg had won the bet?

- Fogg asked Passepartout to run to the priest to fix the wedding day. The priest told him that the next day was not
Monday but Sunday. It meant that they had reached London before one day. They had won the bet.

4.4 The Sign of Four

Characters

Mary Moriston

Mary is dressed simply. She is not very rich. She is a person of limited means. She is sweet and pleasant. Her nature is
good. She is refined and sensitive. She is about 27 years old. She is agitated. She is surrounded by mystery. She is
attractive and graceful. She does not have a good-looking face. She is a sympathetic person, Mr. Watson is attracted to
her.

Sherlock Holmes.

OR

'Sherlock Holmes is the leading character in the extract Explain

- Sherlock Holmes is the leading character. He is a detective. He is very intelligent. He is methodical. He is skilful. He is
precise. Mary Morstan takes his advice for her problem. He gets information about Major Sholto. He analyses Sholto's
handwriting. He is sharp and accurate. He has a good record. He solves cases. His guesses are always correct. Watson is
his friend. He helps Mr. Holmes. Dr. Watson.

Dr. Watson-

- Dr. Watson is the narrator. He is a very good friend of Sherlock Holmes. He is present with Holmes when Mary comes
for help. He helps Holmes to solve cases. He keeps the record of the cases of Mr. Holmes. He always goes with Holmes.
He is sensitive. He is romantic. He is a true gentleman. He is attracted to Mary. He marries Mary in the end. He is
courteous.

'Holmes is always one step ahead of Dr. Watson in solving cases? Elucidate.

Watson is emotional, simple and trustful. Holmes is sharp and methodical. He is analytical. He looks into the little details
of the matter. It helps him to solve the case. Watson is always on the wrong track. Holmes is the real detective. Watson
is merely his friend and companion. Holmes is always ahead of Watson and solves the cases.
Discuss the importance of the statement-

The Trio-Holmes, Dr. Watson and Mary decide to visit Lyceum Theatre

Mary had received a letter. The letter has no name of the sender. The letter said that Mary should wait outside the
Lyceum Theatre on a particular night. The time of waiting was at 7 O' clock. That meeting would be useful to Mary. The
letter also said that she should bring two friends with her. She asked Holmes and Watson to go with her. They agreed.
The trio-Holmes, Dr. Watson and Mary decide to visit Lyceum theatre. This was the first step in solving the case.

'Mary received pearls every year on the same day. Explain the importance of statement.

Major Sholto was Mary's father's friend He had cheated Mary's father. He did not give his share in the Agra treasure.
Major Sholto informed his son of this so Thaddeus (Sholto's son) was sending a rare and precious pearl every year on the
same day.

'Holmes carefully examined the paper given by Mary'. Give the importance of the statement.

Mary found a curious paper in her father's desk. No one could understand and that paper. Holmes looked at the colour
of paper. He thought that it was an important document. That paper was related to the mystery so he examined it
carefully. He got clues from it. That would help to solve the mystery.

Explain by giving reference from the extract the ways the series of actions moves from London to India.

- Mary Morstan meets Holmes at his home in London. Then they meet Thaddeus Sholto. Major Sholto had killed Captain
Morstan in London. Then they go to Sholto's house to get the treasure. Holmes follows Jonathan Small and Tonga. Small
and Tonga a have escaped through the river Thames in London. Then Small tells about the time he spent in India. Major
Sholto and Captain Morstan were also stationed at one time in India.

Explain Various places mentioned in the extract

Holmes, Dr. Watson and Mary visited the Strand. It was a crowded area. It was badly lit and humid. The sad happy,
young and old people were moving in the dim light. Then they reached the Lyceum Theatre. It was also very crowded.
The stylish people were there. They saw horse carriages there. Then the coachman took them through Rochester Row.
The lamps were shining along the river Thames. Some more places are Wordsworth Road, Priory Road, Robert Street
etc. The cab then took them further to a grim and shady neighborhood. Two-storied villas were also seen. The houses in
the area were all dark and without people. Then they reached a house. The light was seen only in the kitchen of that
house.

Importance of the following places in the extract.

London

The case starts here with Mary Morstan meeting Holmes at his place in London. They go to meet Thaddeus Sholto in
London. They also chase Jonathan Small and Tonga in London. Tonga is killed and Small is captured.

Lyceum Theatre- Mary got an

Edinburgh

Mary Spent her childhood till she was seventeen there. She was there at a boarding school in Edinburgh.
Agra

Jonathan Small was standing at the Agra fortress. He was overpowered by two Sikh troopers. He stole valuable pearls
and jewels. This was called 'Agra treasure'.

Andaman Islands-

Jonathan Small stole the Agra treasure. He was arrested. He was imprisoned on the Andaman Islands. John Sholto and
Arthur Morstan were the prison guards. Small made a deal there.

Baker Street-

The residence of Holmes and Dr. Watson is in the Baker Street. This was the place where Mary Morstan came to meet
Mr. Holmes. She came here to consult Holmes.

River Thames-

Jonathan Small tried to escape by boat along this river. Small was captured. His accomplice Tonga was killed.

Central idea of the Novel 'The Sign of Four'.

There is a mystery in the given extract. Disappearance of Mary Morstan's father is the mystery. Another mystery is the
receipt of expensive pearls. Mary received an anonymous letter. This extract also involves the journey of Holmes,
Watson and Mary to a strange house. They went to meet the writer of the mysterious letter. The theme of the novel
moves around the Agra treasure.

Write 4-5 sentences about the meeting between Mary and Holmes.

Mr. Holmes was living in Baker street. Mary met Holmes at his house. She talked with him about the disappearance of
her father. It was a mystery. She talked about the receipt of a costly pearl every year for the past six years. She also
talked about a mysterious letter. The letter asked her to meet the writer of the letter. Mary was agitated. She was
confused. She showed pearls to Holmes. They decided to meet the writer of the letter.

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