Night School 33 Session 7

AISC Night School A Tale of Two Lateral Systems, Part 2: Seismic Braced Frames
December 5, 2023 Session 3: Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF), Part 2
Night School 33:

A tale of two lateral
systems, part 2:
Seismic Braced Frames
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Night School 33, part 2: Seismic Braced Frames

Session 3: Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF), Part 2
December 5, 2023 | Rafael Sabelli
1
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© Copyright 2023 1
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Night School 33, part 2: Seismic Braced Frames

Session 3: Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF),
Part 2
December 5, 2023 | Rafael Sabelli
© Copyright 2023 2
Night School 33, part 2:

Seismic Braced Frames
Session 3: Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF), Part 2
December 5, 2023
Rafael Sabelli, PE, SE

Director of Seismic Design &
Senior Principal
Walter P Moore
Seismic Braced Frames:

Design Concepts and
Connections
© Copyright 2023 3
Outline
I. Seismic Design
II. Behavior of Concentrically Braced Frames
III. Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF)
A. Expected Performance
B. Requirements
C. Design Example
D. Gusset Plate Design Tools
Outline
IV. Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frames (OCBF)
A. System
B. Requirements
C. Design Example
V. Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames (BRBF)
A. System
B. Requirements
C. Design Example
© Copyright 2023 4
Special Concentrically
Braced Frames (SCBF)
Part 2
Picking up where we left off

• Last week • This week
– Analyzed building and – Check/design brace end
frame connection for
– Sized brace compression-only limit
– Checked/designed brace states
end connection for – Midspan connection
tension limit states – Beam check
– Column check
© Copyright 2023 5
Check Detail for Compression

Convert load based on expected
tension strength to one based on
Ru Ry Fcr Ag Brace expected expected compression strength
compression strength
2 2
Assume L ( 13ft)  ( 15ft)  2( 3.0ft) 14ft
Fcr 34.61ksi
Ru 374k
11
Gusset Stability
L 14in K 1.2
t
r 0.253in
12
Kl
66 Fe 64.9ksi
r
L
 Fy

 Fe
fRn 0.9 0.658  Fy A A = t Wef
7  2
fRn 0.9(28.5) in17.3in 389k
8
  
12
© Copyright 2023 6
Check Brace Length Assumption

L 14in
L2 Db/2cos() = 12in
L2 + (L – Lhinge) = 24in
> 12in (for lower-

L bound brace strength)
L2
< 36in (for upper-
bound brace strength)
13
Beam Web Stability

Convert load based on expected
Fcr 34.6ksi tension strength to one based on
Ru Vub Vub 0.82 Vub 157k expected compression strength
Fy 42ksi
α
N 2 18.5in
d
Ru  9.24in  8.95in
2
N=2
14
© Copyright 2023 7
Beam Web Stability

 3
 2
0.8 2  N  tw  E Fy tf
fRn 0.75  tw 1 3   
 d  tf  tw
fRn 226k  Ru OK
15
Column Web Stability

Fcr Convert load based on expected
Ru Huc 119k tension strength to one based on
Fy expected compression strength
N = 2β = 10”
Ru β
16
© Copyright 2023 8
Column Web Stability

 3
 2
0.8 2  N  tw  E Fy tf
fRn 0.75  tw 1 3   
 d  tf  tw
fRn 281k  Ru OK
17
Shear in Beam and Column

Column
Vu 
1.4D  0.5L  1.0 Huc  1k 
Vu 0  0  146k 146k
2 braces
fVn  
0.9 0.6Fy d  2tf tw  427k connect to
this beam
Beam
Vu 
1.4D  0.5L  1.0 Vub  210k 
Vu 1.4( 15k)  0.5( 6k)  1.0( 190k  210k) 423k
fVn 143k
18
© Copyright 2023 9
Shear in Beam Web

Options
1. Use deeper, heavier beam
(re-analysis required)
2. Use reinforcement
423k 2
Aw ≥ 15.7in
f 0.6Fy
3. Use beam stub (heavier section)
19
Shear in Beam Web

Web
Area tw [ d  2( K  1.5in) ] (deduct weld-access holes)
2
0.315in ( 15.9in) 5.00in
Shear PL
2
Area 10.7in (A572 Gr. 50)
15.9in
 3 in 11.9in
 
4 
20
© Copyright 2023 10
Shear Reinforcement
PL¾ A572 Gr. 50
k+1.5” (TYP)
21
Shear Reinforcement
Vu
9.25” 9.25” 2
10.6 in
Vu 420 k 285 k
2
15.6 in
15.9”
18.5”
(= 2)
22
Shear Reinforcement
l 15.9in Kl 18.5in K 1.16
ex x 0.401 (Table) a 0.181
al ex 9.25in  x  l 2.87in C 6.3
fRn C C1 D  l
l
Pu 420k
Dmin 4.2
C C1  l 6.3 ( 1.0) 15.9in
xl
5
kl USE in WELD
16
23
Beam-to-Column Connection
Vu 420k (CJP web & reinforcement)
Mu 26.5ft k Beam moment from model
Pu o 37.9k 75.8k (Collector Fpx)
Pu Huc(i) – 0.3 Hc(i+1) 186 k
(based on postelastic mode)

24
Postelastic mode
0.3 Pn Can be reduced somewhat
by collector force (as shown
0.3 Hc(i+1) in design of beam to follow)
Pu
Need not be considered in
Huc(i) conjunction with full shear
Ry Fy A
25
1
ec  dc
2
Beam moment from model:

26.5 ft-kip

Beam moment from connection

2 H
forces: ub 1
eb  db
Hub (Db/2) - Vub () Vub 2
= 190 kip (9in) - 190 kip (9in)
= 0 in-kip
This moment will be > 0 for methods other than UFM
26
Flange force
Mu 1
 Pu 111 k
d  tf 2
Pu 57.6k
0.76
fPn 0.9Fy Af
CJP Flange OK (Alternatively, use a PJP or

fillets)
27
fRn 0.8( 0.6 70 ksi ) 6.02in E
fRn  111 k
E  0.55in
9
in PJP WELD OK
16
28
Connection Design 2.5” ± ¾”

9/
16 18.5
or CJP
PL ⅞
PL ¾ x16x18.5
A572 Gr. 50
5/ 18
2” max 16
5” 5” 9/ or CJP
k+1.5” 16 10
3 sides
5/
5/ 16
16
HSS 9.625 x
0.500 x 2.5”x 12” CJP
29
Bay size Plate A36 Brace Beam

L= 15 ft Material Fy = 36 (ksi) Material Material A992
A500 Round Grade B
Example gusset-plate design tool

H= 13 ft Fu = 58 (ksi) Fy 50 (ksi)
49.1 deg. Dimensions Section W18X55
Analysis Width adustment factor 1.00 Fy 42 (ksi) Stiffening
Suggested Ry 1.4 Web stiffener? No
Uniform Force Method
t= 7/8 in. 3/4 in. Fu 58 (ksi) Edge stiffener? No
Factor to account for weld stress concentrations Slot width 1 in. 1 in. RT 1.3 Gusset b/t at end of
1.25 L L brace = 4.56
(in.) (in.) Section HSS8.625X.312 Edge length measured
Gusset K = 1.2 Gusset lap with brace (min.) = 17.00 17.00 to brace end
Control Horizontal = 17.00 17.00 Reinforcement (2 plates) Column
Vertical = 10.00 10.00 Material A572 Gr.42 Material A992
Vertical and horizontal dimensions
Width and angle (beam side) = 8.30 13 deg t= 3/8 in. Fy 50 (ksi)
Precision Bay size Width and angle Plate (col. side) = 8.31A36 13 deg Brace Beam Suggested Section W12X152
L= 15 ft Material F = 36 y (ksi) Material Material A992
0.5 (in.)H = 13Workpointft horizontal F = 58 u (ksi) b = 4.00Fin. 50 4.00 in.
A500 Round Grade B
y (ksi) Stiffening
49.1 deg. Dimensions Section W18X55
Welds Analysis
eccentricity e h = 0 1.00 (in.)
F
A/ A e = 0.94
Stiffening
Web stiffener? No
Width adustment factor 42
y (ksi)
FEXX 70 (ksi) Uniform Force Method Hinge tolerance 1 Suggested (in.) R 1.4
y Web stiffener? No Edge stiffener? No
t= 7/8 in. 3/4 in. F 58
u (ksi) Edge stiffener? No
s Max.to Useful
Factor account for weld stress concentrations ShoulderSlot width 11 in. 1 (in.)
in. R 1.3
T Gusset b/t at end of Gusset b/t at end of
brace =
Brace weld 5/16 in. 7/16 in. 1.25
Weld gap (hor) L
0 (in.) L (in.) 4.56 brace = 4.57
(in.) Section HSS8.625X.312 Edge length measured
Suggested
Gusset K = 1.2 Weld gap
Gusset lap with brace (min.) = 017.00
(vert) 17.00(in.) L= 14.00 (in.)
to brace end Edge length measured
Control Horizontal = 17.00 17.00 Reinforcement (2 plates) Column
Beam weld 7/16 in. 7/16 in. Max. OverslotVertical = 210.00 10.00(in.)Material A572 Gr.42 Fy Material
42 A992(ksi) to brace end
Vertical and horizontal dimensions
Column weld 7/16 in. 7/16
Precision
in. Width and angle (beam side) =
Buckling length
Width and angle (col. side) =
12.9 8.30
8.31
13 deg(in.)
13 deg
t= 3/8 in. Ry 1.3F 50
Suggested Section W12X152
y (ksi)
0.5 (in.) EdgeWorkpoint

stiffener?horizontal No b = 4.00 in. 4.00 in. s 5/16
Stiffening (in.) Orientation Strong
Welds eccentricity eh = 0 (in.) A/ Ae = 0.94 Web stiffener? No
FEXX 70 (ksi) Hinge tolerance 1 (in.) Edge stiffener? No
Limit States OK! Specification Ru s fRn Max. Useful R /fR
u n
Shoulder 1 (in.) Gusset b/t at end of
Brace weld 5/16 in. 7/16 in. Weld gap (hor) 0 (in.) 50.00 brace = 4.57
Brace Equation (kip) (kip) Suggested Weld gap (vert) 0 (in.) L= 14.00 (in.) Edge length measured
Beam weld 7/16 in. 7/16 in. Max. Overslot 2 (in.) Fy 42 (ksi) to brace end
Net-section rupture J4-2Column weld 7/16 in.462 492 7/16 in. 0.94Buckling length 12.9 (in.) Ry 1.3
Edge stiffener? Strong
Brace shear rupture J4-4 462 692 0.67 No s 5/16 (in.) Orientation
Brace shear yield J4-3Limit States OK! 462Specification 648 Ru 0.71

fR Ru /fRn
Brace Equation (kip) (kip)
n
50.00 40.00
Brace weld J2-4 462
Net-section rupture J4-2 473 462
0.98
492 0.94
Gusset Brace shear rupture J4-4 462 692 0.67
Brace shear yield J4-3 462 648 0.71
40.00
Gusset block shear J4-5 Brace weld 462 J2-4 1105 462 0.42473 0.98
Gusset
Tension yield J4-3 Gusset block shear 462J4-5 471 462
0.98
1105 0.42 30.00
Gusset buckling J4-6 Tension yield
329J4-3 386 462 0.85
471 0.98 30.00
Gusset buckling J4-6 329 386 0.85
Gusset at column Gusset at column
Yield (vm ) 244
Yield (vm) J4-1 Tension rupture
244J4-1
J4-2 284 150
0.86
284
381
0.86
0.39 20.00
Tension rupture J4-2 Shear rupture 150J4-4 381 104 0.39
228 0.46
20.00
Column weld J2-4 244 374 0.65
Shear rupture J4-4
Gusset at beam 104 228 0.46
Yield ( ) J4-1 412 482 0.85 10.00
Column weld J2-4 vm
Tension rupture244J4-2
374 198
0.65
647 0.31
Gusset at beam Shear rupture J4-4 199 388 0.51
Beam weld J2-4 194 313 0.62
Yield (vm) J4-1
Column 412 482 0.85 0.00 10.00
Web yielding J10-2 150 870 0.17 -20.0 -10.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
Tension rupture J4-2 Web crippling 198J10-4, 5a, 5b647 107
0.31
1438 0.07
Shear rupture J4-4
Beam 199 388 0.51 -10.00
Web yielding J10-2 198 432 0.46
Beam weld J2-4 Web crippling 194J10-4, 5a, 5b313 141 0.62
191 0.74
Column Gusset edge buckling

At column (Steel Tips)
Length
9.2 in.
Limit Length/Limit
18.6 in. 0.49
0.00
-20.00
Web yielding J10-2 At beam 150(Steel Tips) 870 2.8 in. 0.17
18.6 in. 0.15 -20.0 -10.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
Web crippling J10-4, 5a, 5b connection 107
Beam-to-column forces 1438 0.07
Eccentric moment Vertical and horizontal dimensions Diagonal dimensions
Hcol 150 (kip) Mecc 0 (in.-kip) Max. gusset height 23.6 in. Width 18.7 in.
Beam Vbm 198 (kip) Max gusset length 29.7 in. Length 32.6 in.
Web yielding J10-2 M 0 198(in.-kip) 432 0.46 -10.00
Area 699 in.2 Area 609 in.2
Stiffener length 0.0 in.
Web crippling J10-4, 5a, 5b 141 191 0.74
Gusset edge buckling Length Limit Length/Limit
At column (Steel Tips) 9.2 in. 18.6 in. 0.49
At beam (Steel Tips) 2.8 in. 18.6 in. 0.15 -20.00
Beam-to-column connection forces Eccentric moment Vertical and horizontal dimensions Diagonal dimensions
Hcol 150 (kip) Mecc 0 (in.-kip) Max. gusset height 23.6 in. Width 18.7 in.
Vbm
M
198
0
(kip)
(in.-kip)
Max gusset length
Area
29.7
699
in.
2
Length
Area
32.6
609
in.
2
30
in. in.
Stiffener length 0.0 in.
Connection at Beam Midspan
W18x55
C = Ru T = Ru
= 374k Conservatively set = 453k
C = RyFyA
Overestimates horizontal force
No net vertical force
31
Connection at Beam Midspan

• Same as brace at beam-column connection:
Brace reinforcement
Gusset thickness
Gusset-to-brace weld
Gusset block shear capacity
Brace block shear capacity
32
Gusset Length
L
e = d/2
Vu  2Tu cos ( ) 685k
d
Mu Vu 6130 ink
2
33
Combined Shear and Tension

Compression Tension
Flexure
=4M/tL2
= Shear
=V/tL
Brace forces
34
Gusset Length
2 2
 4Mu  Vu
 
2
 t L   t L

 fF  3  1
 y  fF y
Lmin 46in
Based on gusset yielding at horizontal section

35
Gusset Length
8in
sin ( )
d
2
8in. is ½ 8in
required width tan ( )
 d 
 2 8in 
Lmin 2   45in
 tan ( ) sin ( )
Based on gusset yielding at diagonal section
36
Gusset Length: Chevron effect

Uniform Stress Model
2 M u
Lg 
fFy dtw
M u  2 Vu d 2 
2Vu
Lg 
fFy tw
2  685 kips 
  78 in.
0.9  50 ksi  0.39 in.
Based on beam yielding at vertical section
Gusset Length: Chevron effect

Concentrated Stress Model 39”
Lg 
M u

fFy dt w 8” 8”
fFy dt w fFyg t g
M u 
 2 Vu d
2 
Vu dt
Lg   w
fFy tw t g

685 kips

18.2 in. 0.39 in.
0.9  50 ksi  0.39 in.  0.875 in.
 39 in.+8 in.
 47 in. This model is based on full
yield of gusset at each end
Gusset at Flange
Gusset yielding at
horizontal section
Use CJP
or
9/
16
Concentrated Stress Model is based on full yield of gusset

at each end. CJP or full-strength fillet is appropriate. 39
Gusset Yielding
Gusset Width:
Use L = 48” and t = ⅞”
e 6.3in
Wef 19.6in
w1 = 8.5” fRn f Wef t Fy 555k  Ru OK
w2 =
21.1”
Gusset yielding at diagonal section
40
Check Combined Shear and Tension

M
V
T C
41
Check Beam Web

Beam web crippling
W18x55
 3
M  
Ru C 158k 2
39 in 2  N t w   E Fy t f
fRn 0.75 0.8t w  1  3   
 d  t f  tw
fRn 184k OK 39”

N 8 in
8” 8”
Web Local Yielding
fRn  fFy tw  N  5k 
 1.0  50 ksi  0.39 in.  8 in.  5 1.03 in.
 256 kips 42
Check Compression in Plate

L 13in K 1.2
t
r 0.253in
12
Lc
62 Fe 74.3ksi
r
 Fy

 Fe L = 13.0”
fRn 0.9 0.658  Fy A A = t Wef
7  2
fRn 0.9( 29.4) in19.6in 416k OK
8 
43
Gusset Edge Buckling
Le
Le 3 E
 (Astaneh-Asl, Steel Tips)
t 4 Fy
44
Gusset Edge Buckling
Le
Add stiffener to reduce unbraced length of plate edge
45
Beam Stability
Brace flanges for strength
2
M C  Lateral Bracing
Pbr  0.02  r d   7.0 kips LRFD A6.3
 ho 
1  10M r Cd 
br     26.1 kip/in.
f  Lbr ho 
Pu
 0.27 in.
br
46
Beam Bracing
Check strength and stiffness:
7 kip.
7 kip.
 ≤ 0.27 in.
Consider deflection due to angle compression, beam flexure, and bolt

oversize (if not designed as slip-critical)
47
Beam Bracing
9/16
L3x3x¼
W/ ⅞” A325 SC
EACH END
48
Verify Hinge Zone
2t+¾” = 2.5” OK
49
Chevron Configuration
Top Story
HSS
6.125x0.250
50
Forces from Braces
Tension yielding Post-bucking

RyFyAg = 235k 0.3Pne = 28k
Vertical force: Horizontal force:
(RyFyAg -0.3Pne ) sin( = 135k (RyFyAg +0.3Pne ) cos( = 199k
Tension ≤Pne Vertical force:

Pne = 95k (Pne -0.3Pne ) sin( = 47k 51
Forces from Braces

Brace @ ¼ points
99k 99k
199k
135k
68k 47k 68k
24k 24k
ME = 506 ft-k; Mu = 521 ft-k

ME = 176 ft-k; Mu = 191 ft-k
Pu = 99k
52
Moment Magnification
W24x62
Cm
B1 Cm 1.0-0.2Pu/Pe = 0.99
Pu
1 Table C-C1.1
Pe
Pe 3445 k B1 1.0
53
Forces from Braces

Use W24x62
Lp 4.84ft Lr 13.3ft Lb 7.5ft
fMp 0.9Fy Z 6885in k Cb 1.67
fMn 
Cb fMp  BF Lb  Lp 
fMn 1.67[ 574 in k  24.1k ( 7.5ft  4.84ft) ] 851 ft k
fMn fMp 574 ft k = 6888 in kip
54
Forces from Braces

 Fy
 
 Fe
fPn 0.9 0.658  Fy A
in
7.5 ft 12
Lc ft
65.2
r 1.38in
Fe 67.3ksi Fcr 36.6ksi
fPn 590 k
55
Combined Flexure and Compression
Pu
0.165  0.2
fPn
1 Pu Mu
 0.99 OK
2 fPn fMn
1 Pu Mu
 0.47 (reduced moment)
2 fPn fMn
Allowing beam yielding permits ~ 50% reduction

56
Check Support
• Ru = 68k
PL ⅜ w/ 4 ⅞”Ø A325N Bolts
OK (AISC LRFD Manual Table)
Column
W12x96 OK by inspection
57
Column Forces
Significant for
low buildings
and top
stories of
taller
buildings
Elastic Analysis Postelastic Analysis

Column Seismic Column Seismic
Forces Forces
58
End Moments
• Mu = 521ft-k
Provide W24x55 in adjacent bays
W24x55 W24x62 W24x55
Check end moments
59
Column Design
Basic code forces from model
Pu 1.4D  0.5L   E cl
Ecl  Ry Fy A (braces in tension)

Ecl  Ry Pn (braces in compression)
Pu 1182k
60
Plastic mechanism analyses
Ry Fy Ag (1/0.877) Fcre Ag
Column moments can

(1/0.877) Fcre Ag Ry Fy Ag
(1/0.877) Fcre Ag
be neglected for load
Ry Fy Ag
combinations using Ecl
axial forces
(1/0.877) Fcre Ag Ry Fy Ag
(1/0.877) Fcre Ag> Ry Fy Ag Analysis to determine

Use Ry Fy Ag
Ecl forces in column
61
Column Moments
Pu
0.82
fPn
Pu 8 Mu
 0.85 OK Moments can be
fPn 9 fMn neglected
62
Column Splice
Splice
Located in
middle 1/3 of
clear height
Third Story (4’ above
slab
preferred)
63
Column Splice
Mp 
Fy Z1  Z2 
Vu
Hc 13ft  18in
 3
50 ksi 147 in  243 in
3 
Vu
12in
13ft  18in
ft
Vu 141k
64
Column Splice
PL 9/16 x 6 ½ x 13 ES
Vu 141k
 1  9  OK
fRn 0.9 ( 0.6) 36 ksi 6 in 2  in 142k
 2   16 
65
Column Splice
Weld
per AISC Manual C1 1.0 70ksi
weld-group table 1
L 6 in Kl L
6½” 2
6½” K 1 x 0.333
L aLx L
ex aL L x L 0.67L
a 0.67 C 3.03
66
Column Splice
1
Vu
Column web 2 1 3.6
above t1 = 0.550” Dmin in in
C C1 L 16 16
gap = 0.16”
1
USE in WELD
4
Column web
below t2 = 0.870” t2  t1 3
0.16  in OK
2 16
67
Column Splice
1 1
Mu Mn Z F y 3680in k
2 2
Mu
311k = Ru
d  tf
CJP: fRn 0.9( 50ksi) 0.900in 12.2in 494k OK

2.0Ru
PJP: ( E)  1.52 in use CJP
0.8(0.6·70ksi) 12.2in
68
Column Splice
CJP Transition
AWS D1.1 2.7.1

1 1
2.5 2.5 Where
Ru 1

fRn 3
69
Columns not part of the SLRS

Splice
1 Mp
V
2 h Vu
Mp
Bearing .
Mp
Vu
70
Beam Design
4th Floor Ry Fy Ag C
F4 (left) F4 (right)
C ≤ Ry Fcr Ag
C ≥ 0.3 Pn
~ ~~ ~ C Ry Fy Ag (Maximum Pu)
Yield Mechanism Forces
Above: (Ry Fy Ag + 0.3 Pn)cos = (253k+28k)cos(40.9o) = 199k

Below: (Ry Fy Ag + 0.3 Pn)cos = (277k+54k)cos(40.9o) = 250k
F4(left) = F4(right) = ½ (250k-199k) = 26k
Pu = F4(left) + (Ry Fy Ag5 - 0.3 Pn4)cos = 163k
71
Beam Moments
ME = 42 ft-kip
M1.4D+0.5L = 117 ft-kip

M1.4D+0.5L+E = 159 ft-kip
Forces from model
72
Beam Moment Magnification

W18x40
Major Minor
K 1.0 K 1.0
Fe 104 ksi Fe 57.2 ksi
L 30ft L 7.5 ft
2 2
r 7.21in A 11.8 in r 1.27in A 11.8in
Kl Pe 1355 k Kl Pe 675 k
49.9 70.7
r (for moment r (for compression
magnification) strength)
73

30’
Cm 1.0-0.4Pu/Pe = 0.95
Table C-C1.1
74

Cm
B1  1.0
Pu
1
Pe
0.95
1.08
163
1
1355
Mu B1 159 ft k 171ft k
75
Beam Design
 Fy

 Fe
fPn 0.9 0.658  Fy A
fPn 409k
Pu
0.39
fPn
76
Beam Design
7.5’ 7.5’ 7.5’ 7.5’
M1 = 40 ft-kip
Mc = 60 ft-kip
Mb = 84 ft-kip
Ma = 120 ft-kip
M2 = Mmax. = 162 ft-kip
12.5M max
Cb 1.58
2.5 M max + 3 Ma + 4 M b + 3 M c
77
Beam Design
W18x40 Cb 1.58 fMp 294 ft k
Lp 4.49 ft Lb 7.5 ft BF 11.7 k
fMn 
Cb fMp  BF Lb  Lp  
fMn 409 ft k  fMp
fMn fMp 294 ft k
78
Beam Design
Pu
0.39
fPn
Pu 8 Mu
 0.91
fPn 9 fMn
79
Base Connection
80
Base Connection
Tension
Pu Pu(col)  P u(brace conn) sin ( )
Pu(col) P u(brace conn)
Pu 0.7D  E CL  Ry Fy Ag sin ( )
Pu 0.7 ( 257 k)  2.0 ( 388 k)

2
1.4 ( 42 ksi ) 13.38 in sin 50.2
o 
Pu 1200k
81
Base Connection
Mu 0 (Neglect column base fixity and
brace connection moment)
Mu(col) Mu(brace conn)
Vu o QE  Ry Fy Ag cos ( ) (Brace)
Vu(col) P u(brace conn)

Vu 2.0 ( 0.5k)  787k cos 50.2
o 
Vu 505k
82
Base Connection
F1554 Grade 55 (with weldability and toughness
supplementary requirements)
fRn 0.75 0.75Fu Ab 42ksi Ab Fu 75ksi
2
Areq'd 28in Use (9) 2"fF1554 Gr.55
83
Base Connection
Shear
505k
Vu 505k
2 f Fy A  505k
Use PL 1¼ x 4½” A572 Gr. 50

fRn 2( 0.9) 50ksi 1.125in 4.5in 506k
84
Base Connection
fRn 0.75 U Fu An
Fu 65ksi An Ag
505k
U 0.92
0.75Fu A
Use L  2w → U = 1.0"
L = 9" L = 9"
85
Base Connection
Welds
2 ⅜ 15
fRn 2( 0.75) s 
L 0.6FEXX 
2
1
Ru 505k 253k
2
s  0.63 Too big!
Use longer weld length: L = 15"
3
s in fRn 251k
8
86
Base Plate Gusset Design

596k
787k
Locate horizontal
force resistance 1k
to move resultant
vertical force to 605k
centroid of bolt 505k
group (or design 504k
bolt group for
eccentric
moment)
1201k
87
88
88

Gusset vertical force
Force to column
10.5in
605k  546k
10.5in  1.125in
1
L 27in s (Double fillet)
2
fRn 601k
89

Force to base plate
½
605k - 546k = 59k
Use same weld
(utilize gusset in
stiffening base
plate)
90
Anchorage Design
ACI 318
Embedment
Spacing
Effect of eccentricity
No eccentricity in our design
Edge distance
etc.
91
Column Connection to Base PL

Pu 596k + 546k = 1142k
CJP
Pu
571k
2
571k
PJP: 1.36 in
0.8 ( 0.6) 70ksi 12.5in
Use CJP
92

Recommend
Use CJP or similar weld to
exceed element capacity
OR
Make sure capacity exceeds
footing rocking + grade beam hinging
93

⅜
CJP
94
Base Plate
3
T 1200k 400k
9
1
T e 5 in M 2050in k
8 2
t
e fMn f Z Fy fb Fy
4
b 20in t  3.0in
95
Base Plate Alternatives

A grout pocket with shear lugs can
resist shear
Grout
96

Small shear forces can be resisted by
bending of the anchor rods
Grout
Slab
Do not assume bearing in grout Footing
97

Column bearing can transfer
horizontal force
fRn  
0.65 0.85f'c b f y
505k
y 
0.65( 0.85  4 ksi ) 12.5in
y  18in
98
Completion of Design
• Design of Foundations
• Consider Steel Piles
• Design of Diaphragms, Chords, and Collectors
• Interaction with Architectural and Mechanical
Systems
– Define Protected Zone of Braces
– Estimate Brace Out-of-Plane Displacement 99
Protected Zone
Protect areas of expected high inelastic strain from

attachments with low-toughness welds or shot-in pins
100
Estimate Brace Transverse Displacement
L'T L  b
L'C L  b
oop
 L'  2  L'  2
 oop     C
T
 2  2 
101
Estimate Brace Transverse Displacement
L'T L  b
This is a simplified method
L'C L  b
that is likely to overestimate
out-of-plane deformations.
Pu 0.5F y A Fy L
b Cd ~ Cd ~ 3
A A E
E E
L L
2 2
 L'T  L'C E Fy L
oop     ~ ½  ~ 1.5 L ~ ~ 10”
 2  2 Fy b E 20
102
Detailing Tools and Tricks
103
Detailing Tools and Tricks

• Controlling Gusset Plate Size
– Avoid:
• “One size fits all scheduling”
• 30o fan
– Consider
• Specifying gusset width
• Modified Workpoint
• Other “smart” details
– Set up spreadsheets to graph the design
104
Graphing Calculation
WorkPoint  "ColumnCenterLine" eccentricity 
55
50
CLCol
45
40
35
30
25
Gusset Width
20
TO Slab
15
10
5
CLBeam
0 .
10
15
10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
105
Graphed Design
Specified Width
Modified Workpoint
106
Graphed Design
Vertical and horizontal
lengths yield required width
Concentric Workpoint
.
107
Graphed Design
30o fan width
30o
30o .
108
30o Fan Width
30o
30o
Courtesy of R. Tremblay
109
30o Fan Width
110 110
Graphed Design
30o Fan Width
Envelope Scheduling
2
2
Case 1: 2 = 16”; 2 = 26”
Case 2: 2 = 27”; 2 = 12”
Scheduled: 2 = 27”; 2 = 26”
111 111
Very Big Gussets
112
Graphed Design
Largest gusset plate
Smallest gusset plate
113
Case Study: Recent SCBF Design
SCBF Design
– Large Brace
– 30o from Horizontal
Attempt 4 alternate
design methods to
reduce gusset size
114
Case Study: Alternative 1

80
70
CLCol
• Uniform Force Method 60
• Gusset proportioned 50
for zero moments at 40
horizontal and vertical 30
welds 20 TOSlab
10
CLBeam
0
Actual design 10
20
Alternate 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
LV  LH  104in
.
Alternate total weld:
104 in. (Actual design total weld: 136 in.)
115

80
70
CLCol
• Uniform Force Method 60
• Gusset proportioned to 50
provide required 40
tension area 30
TOSlab
• Gusset proportioning 20
creates moments at 10
CLBeam
horizontal and vertical 0
welds 10
20
20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
LV  LH  87 in
.
Alternate total weld:
87 in.
116

80
70
CLCol
• Component Method 60
• Gusset width matches 50
required area 40
30
20 TOSlab
10
CLBeam
0
10
20
20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
LV  LH  69 in
Alternate total weld: .
69 in.
117

80
70
CLCol
• Component Method 60
• Gusset width matches 50
required area 40
30
• Modified workpoint
TOSlab
used 20
10
• Large moment must be CL Beam
0
resisted by frame
10
– Moment is large
20
due to low angle 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
and deep beam

Alternate total weld: LV  LH  68 in Tu eccentricity0  0  2236kipft
68 in.
118
Case Study: Cost Comparison

• Design Cost Factor
• Actual Design 1.70
• UFM, no moment 1.45
• UFM, with moment 1.05
• Component, concentric 1.00 (baseline for comparison)
• Component, eccentric 1.25
119
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AISC Night School A Tale of Two Lateral Systems, Part 2: Seismic Braced Frames

December 5, 2023 Session 3: Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF), Part 2

Night School 33:

Thank you for joining our live

Night School 33, part 2: Seismic Braced Frames

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Please type any questions or comments in the Q&A window.

Night School 33, part 2: Seismic Braced Frames

Night School 33, part 2:

Rafael Sabelli, PE, SE

Seismic Braced Frames:

Picking up where we left off

Check Detail for Compression

Check Brace Length Assumption

> 12in (for lower-

Beam Web Stability

Beam Web Stability

Column Web Stability

Column Web Stability

Shear in Beam and Column

Shear in Beam Web

3. Use beam stub (heavier section)

Shear in Beam Web

PL¾ A572 Gr. 50

ex x 0.401 (Table) a 0.181

al ex 9.25in  x  l 2.87in C 6.3

Vu 420k (CJP web & reinforcement)

Mu 26.5ft k Beam moment from model

Pu o 37.9k 75.8k (Collector Fpx)

Pu Huc(i) – 0.3 Hc(i+1) 186 k

(based on postelastic mode)

Beam moment from model:

Beam moment from connection

CJP Flange OK (Alternatively, use a PJP or

Connection Design 2.5” ± ¾”

Bay size Plate A36 Brace Beam

Example gusset-plate design tool

0.5 (in.) EdgeWorkpoint

Brace shear yield J4-3Limit States OK! 462Specification 648 Ru 0.71

Column Gusset edge buckling

Connection at Beam Midspan

Connection at Beam Midspan

Vu  2Tu cos ( ) 685k

Combined Shear and Tension

Based on gusset yielding at horizontal section

Gusset Length: Chevron effect

Gusset Length: Chevron effect

Concentrated Stress Model is based on full yield of gusset

w1 = 8.5” fRn f Wef t Fy 555k  Ru OK

Check Combined Shear and Tension

Check Beam Web

fRn 184k OK 39”

Check Compression in Plate

Gusset Edge Buckling

Gusset Edge Buckling

Add stiffener to reduce unbraced length of plate edge

Consider deflection due to angle compression, beam flexure, and bolt