Week 2 Natural Disaters

Air Pollution-Smoke from vehicles
Soil Pollution-Fertilizers
Noise Pollution-Airplanes
Water Pollution-Garbage
Radioactive Pollution- Radioactive Materials
Identify the natural calamities
described by the weather
teacher. After you find out,
write the correct answer on the
board.
It is a frightening
funnel and a
swirling vortex!
It is a monstrous
made from
overflowing rain!
It is a massive,
watery crest with
incredible power!
It is a crust-
shaking, seismic
seizure!
_ _R_ _ Q_ _ _ _
EARTHQUAKE
It is an intense, hot,
molten mayhem with
molten lava!
V_ _ _ _ _ _C
E_______
VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
I bring harm. I
leave debris and a
few survivors.
What am I?
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NATURAL
DISASTERS
Explain the causes and
effects of natural disasters
on humans and the
environment.
Natural Disasters
Are catastrophic events with atmospheric,
geological, and hydrological origins. UNISDR
(United Nations International Strategy for
Disaster Reduction) defines it as “a natural
process or phenomenon that may cause loss of
life, injury or other health impacts, property
damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social
and economic disruption, or environmental
damage”.
PAGASA -
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration
PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology

and Seismology
are government agencies that the public can rely on. Since natural
disasters cannot be prevented, taking proper long-term and short-
term disaster mitigation measures can minimize life and property
loss.
Some common
disasters known to
occur in our country
are:
Floods
❑ Floods are defined as a relatively high flow of water discharged from the
river and stream network, which sets the riverbank margins to overflow and
lead to the submerging of low land areas surrounding the riverbed.
❑ It is essentially a physical phenomenon.
❑Floods arise from abnormally heavy rains, dam failures, snow melts, and river
blockages.
❑Flood disasters rank second only to droughts in the total number of people
affected worldwide.
Causes of Floods
1. Heavy Rainfall - too much rain causes water to flow overland
contributing to flooding. It is due to high rainfall over a prolonged
period.
2. Dam Breakage - dams are human-made structures used to hold

water from flowing down from a raised ground. At times, the walls
can become weak and break because of overwhelming carriage
capacity. Consequently, breakage of the dam can cause extensive
flooding in the neighboring areas.
Causes of Floods
1. River Overflows - rivers or streams can overflow their banks. It
happens when the river or stream holds more water upstream than
usual, and it flows downstream to the neighboring low-lying areas.
2. Lakes and Coastal Flooding - lake and Coastal flooding occur

when large storms or tsunamis cause the water body to surge
inland.
3. Clogged Drainages - clogged or lack of a proper drainage system is

usually the cause of this type of flooding.
Effects of Floods
1. The force of flood, combined with high tide and erosion, damage
residential and commercial buildings. It may even be more destructive in
villages lying in the coastal areas as flood sweeps away everything in its
path. In mountainous areas it is the chief cause of landslides.
2. Fishermen, local people, cattle, animals, and vegetation suffer a significant

loss of life and property. Most of the deaths are reported to be from
drowning.
3. Supplies of fresh and potable water in all types and sources are nearly
destroyed and contaminated. Hence, affected areas may suffer the risk of
waterborne diseases.
Effects of Floods
1. The destruction of food and fodder crops result
in an acute food shortage
2. Floods also make soil infertile, as the topsoil

is lost due to erosional activity.
3. Floods are also known to preserve wetlands

and recharge groundwater.
�
Earthquakes
❑An earthquake happens when two blocks of the
earth suddenly slip past one another
❑The surface where they slip is called the fault or fault
plane.
❑The location below the earth’s surface where the
earthquake starts is called the hypocenter.
❑The location directly above it, on the surface of the
earth, is called the epicenter.
Causes of Earthquakes
❑Earthquakes are caused mainly by the
imbalance in any part of the crust of the
earth.
❑Other causes of earthquakes occur due to
volcanic eruptions, faulting and folding,
gaseous expansion, and contraction inside
the earth.
Effects of Earthquakes
1. Landslides – Landmasses with weak foundations cause landslides and
debris falls, which damage settlements and transport systems on the lower
slope segments.
2. Damage to Life and property - Structures such as buildings, roads, rails,

factories, dams, and bridges suffer colossal damage from earthquakes, thus
causing a heavy loss for both human life and property.
1. Damages to Government Infrastructure – the various cities and towns are

worst affected due to a large concentration of human population, commercial
complexes, and residential areas.
Effects of Earthquakes
1. Fire Hazard – Severe fire outbreaks in buildings, houses, and factories
occur when earthquakes produce strong oscillations.
1. Landmass Deformation – Due to a strong vibration produced by

earthquakes, the shapes of landmasses are altered.
1. Flash Floods - Strong seismic events result in the damages of dams and
cause severe flash floods.
1. Tsunamis - The seismic waves caused by the earthquakes traveling

through seawater, generate high sea waves, and cause significant loss of life
and property .
Typhoon
�Tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating warm air and
water created from a low- pressure area.
�It always forms over oceans where sea surface

temperature is greater than 26 degrees Celsius.
� The term ‘Typhoon’ is used when a tropical cyclone is

developed in the northwest Pacific basin.
Causes of Typhoon
❑Typhoons happen when needed
components are combined, which favors the
development of typhoons.
❑It is due to warm ocean water, low
atmospheric stability, and a moist
atmosphere.
Effects of Typhoon
1. Flooding – results in the drowning of people, plants, and animals.
2. Destruction of livestock - livestock and other domesticated animals

suffer when exposed for a long time to violent winds and torrential rains.
3. Soil erosion - excessive rain can cause plants to drown, and it also causes
soil erosion.
4. Damages to buildings and infrastructure - the heavy and persistent

rainfall and coastal storm surge that typhoons bring can also have
devastating effects making homes uninhabitable.
❑There are compelling reasons
why the Philippines should
adopt disaster risk reduction
and management (DRRM) and
climate change adaptation
(CCA).
Disaster
Prevention and
Mitigation
✓ Conduct risk assessments in various areas in the
country.
✓ Development and establishment of several early

warning systems
✓ Development of tools on risk assessment
✓ The increasing involvement of communities

and local government units (LGUs) in disaster
risk management
● Development of DRRM mainstreaming tools
into the national and sub- national planning
systems
● National institutional and legal frameworks in

DRRM
● Presence of functional multi-sectoral platforms
● Resource allocation
Disaster
Preparedness
Disaster Preparedness
● Conduct of DRRM various research work.
● Conduct of multi-stakeholders’ dialogues.
● Conduct various capacity building activities.
● Development and regular review of

contingency plans
Disaster Preparedness
● Development of information, education, and
communication (IEC) materials
● Development of information and database generation
● Inclusion of DRRM into school curricula (especially in basic

education)
● Existence of procedures on disaster communication

Disaster
Response
Disaster Response
● Established institutional
mechanisms for disaster response
operations
● Improved skills in search, rescue,

and retrieval operations
Disaster
Rehabilitation
and Recovery
Disaster Rehabilitation and
Recovery
● Mainstreaming of DRR in social, economic, and human
settlements development plans
● Conduct post-disaster assessments.
● Integration of DRR into post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation

processes
● Incorporating DRR elements in the planning and management

of human settlements
ROLE PLAYING
Flyer for Awareness!
What can you do to spread awareness
about the causes and effects of natural
disasters? Make an information flyer
that showcases the cause, effects, and
prevention of natural disasters here in
the Philippines.

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Air Pollution-Smoke from vehicles

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology

❑ It is essentially a physical phenomenon.

2. Dam Breakage - dams are human-made structures used to hold

2. Lakes and Coastal Flooding - lake and Coastal flooding occur

3. Clogged Drainages - clogged or lack of a proper drainage system is

2. Fishermen, local people, cattle, animals, and vegetation suffer a significant

2. Floods also make soil infertile, as the topsoil

3. Floods are also known to preserve wetlands

2. Damage to Life and property - Structures such as buildings, roads, rails,

1. Damages to Government Infrastructure – the various cities and towns are

1. Landmass Deformation – Due to a strong vibration produced by

1. Tsunamis - The seismic waves caused by the earthquakes traveling

�It always forms over oceans where sea surface

� The term ‘Typhoon’ is used when a tropical cyclone is

2. Destruction of livestock - livestock and other domesticated animals

4. Damages to buildings and infrastructure - the heavy and persistent

✓ Development and establishment of several early

✓ The increasing involvement of communities

● National institutional and legal frameworks in

● Conduct of multi-stakeholders’ dialogues.

● Conduct various capacity building activities.

● Development and regular review of

● Development of information and database generation

● Inclusion of DRRM into school curricula (especially in basic

● Existence of procedures on disaster communication

● Improved skills in search, rescue,

● Conduct post-disaster assessments.

● Integration of DRR into post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation

● Incorporating DRR elements in the planning and management

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