TYPE OF SPORTS

There are various types of sports that are played around the world, here are the common types:

1. Individual/Dual Sports- this can be played by one (individual) or two players (dual).

2. Team Sports- a sport that is composed of of people or a team competing another team.

3. Combative Sports- these are contact sports that uses fighting elements in order to win.

4. Recreation Sports- any sport that is purposely played for fun and enjoyment.

5. Mental Sports- a non-physical, non-contact sport that uses intellectual ability to win the game.

BADMINTON

—Badminton is a racket game played on a court by either two players for singles or four players for
doubles.

—It originated from ancient Greece, China, and India and evolved from the game of battledore and
shuttlecock.

—In the 1860s, British army officers stationed in India learned the game and brought it back to England.

—The Badminton Association of England was formed in 1895, establishing the modern rules.

—The game's name comes from the estate of the dukes of Beaufort in Gloucestershire, England, where
it was first played around 1873.

—Badminton became an official Olympic sport in 1992.

—The objective is to keep the shuttlecock from touching the ground by passing it over the net.

EQUIPMENT

a. Racket

-Racket is one of the most important tools a player has in the game. It is much lighter than any other
sports racket because of its material such carbon fiber and aluminum.

-Parts of the racket includes: the head, throat, shaft and handle with a maximum length of 27.77 inches
and a width of 9 inches
b. Shuttlecock

-The shuttlecock- also referred to as a "shuttle", "bird" or"birdie", acts similarly to a ball in other racket
sports. However, the design of the birdie creates more drag as it is propelled through the air due to its
feathered shape.

- is made up of a cone shape with a hard cork at its tip: can be made from a variety of materials more
expensive models are made from feathers, and less expensive are made from plastic feathers.

-has 16 feathers attached to the base (cork) and the length of the feathers range between 2.44 and 2.75
inches.

c. Net

-Net divides the badminton court into two sides. It is placed lower than volleyball net at five feetand one
inch (5.1") high on the sides and five feet high in the center (5.0"). The length may vary depending on
whether doubles or singles are playing, with singles reaching 17 feet and doubles reaching 22 feat.

-30 inches wide with a 3-inch white tape doubled over the top.

d. Court

-The court measures 44 feet long by 17 feet wide for singles and 44 feet long by 20 feet wide if playing
doubles. If the facility is indoors, there needs to be enough height for the shuttlecock to be able to float
across the net without hitting the ceiling. This height will vary depending on the strength of the players.

e. The posts

• The posts are 1.55m high from the surface of the court and remain vertical when the net is strained.

-are placed on the double side lines irrespective of whether singles or doubles is played.

-or supports must not extend into the court beyond the side lines.

III. HEALTH BENEFITS OF PLAYING BADMINTON

1. Improves muscle strength

-One among the important benefits of playing badminton is that it boosts up the muscle strength
making you strong and fit. The continues movements from here to there build up muscle mass, as well
as tone them up into perfect structure. It boosts up the core muscles, calves, quads and hamstrings.

2. Improves heart functioning

-Continues moverments and hits in badminton strengthen the heart muscles. it also improves the blood
flow through our veins and pumps the heart up. decreases the cholesterol level and reduces the risk of
heart attacks or strokes.
3. It helps reduce stress

-The vibrant game of badminton is a healthy habit toward-off your stres hormones. By practicing
badminton as a daily sport our body reduces the stress hormones and boosts up the happy hormones
leaving you happy and alive.

4. Improves flexibility

-The backhand and forehand smashing needs high flexibility, By making it a habit our muscles become
flexible and strong. Flexibility of muscles helps yu maintain a healthy smart life.

5. Boost your metabolism rate

-Badminton is an active sport which sweats you out from tip to toe and boost good metabolism. The
natural sweating of our body burns up the calories and removes toxin Inside out and hence helps in
weight loss, Increased metabolic rate maintains your physique and keeps you fit and firm.

6. Strengthen your bone

-Having a healthy badminton match everyday reduces the risk of bone fractures. The back and forth
movements of hands, legs and arms, develops calcium matrix in your bones strengthening the bones
within.

7. Improves mental agility

- Apart from physical benefits, mental benefits of badminton are more striking interesting. The tiny
white birdie may deceive you with its meek look but move like a swift.

8. Helps in social being

-Badminton is a game of two or four members and not a single sole play. It's a healthy competition
between two members, you either win or lose, but you' always maintain a good social relationship.

-Since it is an outdoor game which can be played as a fun time pass with your family or friends, it
connects people and add spice to their relationship, rather than drowning into the digital world.

9. Helps in weight loss

-Playing Badminton put up a healthy habit of burning up your calories by sweating off with a badminton
match. It helps in controlling your weight and maintains the body balance thereby. Burning up calories
thus boosts up the metabolic rate leaving as healthy and fit.

10. Decreases the risk of diabetes

11. Reduce the risk of death

-Badminton may seem to be a mere sport activity but the benefit of badminton is extremely far reaching
and eternal. It's been found that since badminton Increases the heart rate and reduces breathlessness,
the risk of death for a regular player is 23% in 20 years. To add to it as token of gift for your hard work it
rewards you with at least 2 years of extra life compared to the normal.

12. Increases your lung capacity

- A regular badminton match increases your lung capacity. The lung capacity of a badminton player is
higher compared to a normal person. It is our Adrenal hormones which indirectly affects the respiratory
system.

13. Health is nothing without Brain

-Most of the physical benefits are obvious and predictable. A tight badminton match produces
endorphin, a neurotransmitter which makes your brain feel good and happy.

14. Boost Mental alertness

-Badminton is a strategically play. It needs plans on where to shot, how to serve, what kind of smash,
when to retum, everything is a pre-planned process, an understanding between you, your brain and
senses. Thus, it wakes up your snoozed brain and forces it to work. This will obviously makes you a smart
tricky lad.

15. Increases your reflex action

-Being a quick sport, it requires lightening reflexes from one to other both physically and mentally.
Physically you have to switch from one to other within count of seconds, while mentally you have to
reflex back to the shots ideally and accordingly. These quick reflexes enhance the way you think and five
a daily life too.

IV. BASIC SKILLS USED IN PLAYING BADMINTON

Playing Badminton requires you to leam the basic skills. These skills are vital

A. GRIP- leaming how to hold the racket is essential in playing badminton. Correct gripping will allow
you to have a strong shots and control of the shuttle.
7 Kinds of Gripping:

Forehand grip

-The forehand grip is mainly used for forehand overhead shots. It's an easy grip to learn, and also
provides a useful reference point for learning the other grips.

Backhand grip

-Often we need a less extreme version of a thumb grip. 1 call it a backhand grip, because that's the most
common name. You could also call it a partial or moderate thumb grip.

Panhandle grip

-The panhandie grip is mainly used for forehand shots in front of your body. That means it's useful for
many forehands in the midcourt or at the net, but not in the rearcourt.

Thumb grip

-The thumb grip is like the backhand version of a panhandie grip. It's mainly used for backhands where
the shuttle is in front of you. That means it's useful for many backhands in the midcourt or at the net,
but not in the rearcourt.

Partial panhandle grip

-a grip that is somewhere between forehand and panhandle is calleda partial panhandle grip. You could
also call it a moderate panhandle, as opposed to a full or extreme panhandle.

Neutral grip

-The neutral grip is mainly used in between shots, as it helps you change quickly to other grips. It can
also be used for hitting certain shots.

Bevel grip

-The bevel grip is mainly used for backhands in the rear court, such as clears or drop shots.

B. BASIC STROKES-a stroke refer to a swing motion of your racket arm. It is not a badminton shot.
However, you'll need to perform these strokes to hit certain shots. Strokes are important foundation of
playing badminton. Progress is not guarantee without proper knowledge of badminton strokes. The
power of any badminton shot comes from how well you perform your strokes.
The basic strokes are the following:

1. Overhead forehand stroke

-The most common type of stroke we see, the first to learn.

2. Overhead backhand stroke

-Peoples' main weakness

3. Underarm forehand stroke

-A low shot on the forehand side

4. Underarm backhand stroke

-A low shot on the backhand side

C. SERVE-A badminton rally starts with the serve and learning the correct techniques to deliver good
serves will definitely give you an edge over your opponent right from the start of the rally.

Four Types of Service:

Low serve

- Is almost a gentle tap over the net with the shuttle, with the aim of flying just over the net, yet falling
just over the front line of the opponents' service court. It must not be too high or predictable; otherwise
it would be easy for your opponent to do an outright smash or net kill.

High serve

-is a powerful strike upwards with the shuttle, that aims to travel a great distance upwards and fall deep
at the rear end of the court.

-is a strong serve and popularly used by beginners.

Flick serve

-Is also played upwards but at a much lesser altitude.

-it is most common for players to use their backhand to execute the flick serve and the trajectory is
lower as this grip has less power.

Drive Serve

-An attacking serve that is used by top badminton players. The idea is to hit the shuttle directly at the
opponent, limiting their return options and catching them off guard, winning you easy points.
-it's a good change of pace but it is also risky as if your opponent is prepared, he could just smash the
shuttlecock back at you.

D. FOOT WORK- Good footwork enables a player to reach the shuttle in a fastest and shortest time
possible but in a more graceful and effortless manner. Mastery of proper footwork will benefits you as a
player, as it

1. conserves strength by reducing unnecessary steps

2. provides sufficient reaction time for the next incoming shot, and

3. Increases your speed.

Three Points to followin order to Improve Badminton Footwork.

1. Position on the court - always return to base after hitting the shuttle. By doing so, you will have
sufficient time to react to the next oncoming shuttle.

2. Maintain stable posture and balance- by placing more of your body weight on your stronger leg and
make it your anchoring foot to the ground. Keep the other foot nimble so that you can stretch and reach
the shuttle wherever it goes. You will find it easy to retum to neutral position without losing your
balance and expending too much energy by doing so.

3. Be light and nimble and learn how to jump- Being light and nimble on your feet can increase your
speed; adding bounce to your footwork, will able you to respond faster to an oncoming shuttle,
particularly the high shots. While, jumps are especially useful for smashes as this will give you a good
angle for attack and in retrieving a high

Hence, without proper footwork, powerful and skillful badminton strokes and smashes will be
useless.

Other tips for proper footwork:

-Always remember the base (starting point).

-Move only 2-3 steps backwards.

-Shuffle only 1 step sideward.

-Move only 2-3 steps front.

E. STANCE-refers to"ready position" of your body while receiving a certain type of stroke. Knowing
correct badminton stance can make your movement smoother, quicker, and thus, reduce the danger of
getting injured.

Different Stance in Playing Badminton:

-It is used to get into position before playing an overhead forehand stroke. To stand in the attacking
stance turn your body facing the side-lines with racket leg behind and both legs shoulder-width apart.
Now raise both racket and non-racket arm to generate the power to attack the shuttle on its downward
trajectory.

Defensive Stance

-To defend the opponent's smash, you need to be prepared with the defensive stance. You can keep the
non-rackel arm as comfortable while ensuring a better balance.

Net Stance

-This stance is to be ready for the opponent's return after playing a net shot. To play this shot, place
your foot on the racket side forward while keeping non-racket foot at the back. Place the racket in front
of the body, slightly above waist height while raising the non-racket arm. Shift the body weight slightly
forward to be ready to pounce forward.

V. KINDS OF SHOTS

1. Defensive Clear/Lob

-Defensive Clear/Lob- is performed to get you out of trouble. In many instances, you'll be under
tremendous pressure by your opponent. This happens when your opponent plays at a faster pace and is
firing continuous attacks on you.

-A clear or lob is a good way to get yourself more organized while you're under pressure and buys you
some time to work yourself back intothe rally.

-The defensive clear slows down the pace of the game because it keeps the shuttle in the air for quite a
while.

2. Drop Shot

-Drop Shot is a semi-offensive shot, performed from theback of the court and is usually used to maintain
the pace of the game.

-A drop shot performed at a steep angle lands on the ground quicker, compared to the clear or lob.
Thus, require the opponent has to rush forward toretrieve it.

-If you can't keep up with your opponent's pace, clear (or lob) the shuttle instead.

-Hit the drop shot ONLY when you're comfortable with the pace of the game. In other words, performi a
drop shot when you're playing at a similar pace or a faster pace then your opponent.

3. Smash
-The smash is often known as the 'winning shot in badminton. It's used with the intention to end a rally.

-is one of the most powerful badminton shots that is fired from a steep angle. However, when you
decide to smash, you're taking a risk.

-Smashing causes you to lose a certain degree of balance. Thus, make sure that your smash will win you
a rally point, or at least force a very weak return from your opponent. in order to minimize your risks
and ensure your smash works towards your advantage.

4. Jump Smash

-Jump Smashes the most powerful offensive shot in badminton;

-is more powerful version of the badminton smash. It is also one of the hardest badminton shots to
perform.

-To hit this shot, you will simply need to Jump and hit the smash in mid-air.

5. Net Shot (Tumbling/Spinning Net Shot)

-are used to create opportunities and dominate the front of the court.It is a very Important skill to help
you win the rallies.

-a good net shot can force your opponent to perform a high lift/clear, sothat you can play a winning
smash.

-a tumbling net shot enables the shuttle to turnble across just slightly above the net.

-An extremely good net shot (shuttle lands on the top of the net and then drops to the other side) can
sometimes be the 'killer shot.

6. Net Kill

- Is a useful skill to end a rally, when if your opponentexecutes a poor quality net shot (net shot that is
too high).

-When your opponent plays a net shot that is too high, strike with a net kill!

7. Defensive Net Lift

- defensive net lift is performed when you're finding it difficult to retrieve your opponent's badminton
shots along the net.

-net lift sends the shuttle high up to your opponent's baseline.It is similar to the underarm defensive
clear but the net lift isusually performed very closely to the net.
-Therefore it is important that you practise to lift the shuttle high enough so that the shuttle won't hit
the net.

8. Drive

-Drives are fast and furious badminton shots exchanged horizontally across the net. One of the main
reasons to hit the drive is to increase the pace of the game, Use this kind of shot only when you're
comfortable with the pace of the rally.

-If for some reasons you are not performing well or making many unforced errors, DO NOT play drives
with your opponent.

VI. Basic Rules of the Game

-The game can be started with a toss coin; the winning side can choose either to serve or which side of
the court.

-A player must wait until his opponent is ready before serving. If the opponent attempts a return then
he is ruled having been ready.

-The feet of both players must remain in a stationary position until the serve is made. Your feet can not
be touching the line at this time,

-It is not a fault if you miss the shuttle while serving. The shuttle cannot be caught and slung with the
racket.

-A player cannot hold his racket near the net toward off a downward stroke by his opponent or to
interfere with his racket.

FAULT a fault is called by the umpire if:

a. If the service is not correct

b. if in PLAY, the shuttle/shuttlecock:

-lands outside the boundaries of the court

-passes through/under the net

-fails to pass over the net

-touches the ceiling/side walls/posts/floor

-touches the player's dress/body

-in play is struck before it crosses the net to the striker's side of the net (a player may follow through
over the net).

-was hit twice in succession by a player or team

-If a player touches the net or its supports with his body or racket.

COMMON SERVICE FAULT:

-Serving above the waist-the shuttle is being hit higher than the server's waist.

-If the shaft of the racket is not pointing down-the head of the racket is higher than the server's racket
hand

-Lifting-lifting of one foot or both feet is a fault; both feet must be on contact with the floor during
service.

-Hitting the feather-server must hit the cork and not the feather during service.

-Short service- if the serve shuttle lands in the short service court. Wrong court- If the shuttle does not
land in the correct service court,

-Undue delay in the delivery of the service- example a player balking or feinting his opponent before or
during the serve.

-The server steps forward as he/she serves.

-The server's feet are not in the service court diagonally opposite to the receiver.

"LET/S" is called if:

-there is any unforeseen or accidental occurrence that may distract the players the server serves before
the receiver is ready.

-both the server and the receiver faulted at the same time.

-a shuttle is caught in the net and remains suspended on top.

-the shuttle breaks during the play.

-the server serves out of turn.

-the line judges is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make a decision (if the shuttle land
inside/outside of the court).
- Following Service court error.

-(No point is earned during "let", it is a situation requiring a REPLAY)

4. Scoring System

-A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points.

-Every time there is a serve a point is earned.

-The side winning a rally earns a point.

-At 20 all, the side which gains a 2-point lead first, wins the game.

-At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins the game.

- The winning side serves first in the next game.

5. Interval and Change of Ends

-2mins break after each game

-When the leading score reaches 11 points, players may take a 60-second break if needed.

-In the third game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11 points.

6. Singles

-At the beginning of the game (0-0,or zero all, or love all) and when the server's score is even, the server
serves from the Right Service Court, while, when the server's score is odd, the server serves from the
Left Service Court.

-If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and then serves again from the alternate service
court.

-If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the next server. They serve from
the appropriate service court -- left if their score is odd, and right if it is even.

7. Doubles

-A side has only one 'set'.

-The service passes consecutively to the players as shown in the diagram.

-At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves
VII. Proper Etiquette and Safety Use of Badminton Facilities and Equipment

Safety/Etiquette

Before the game:

-Take a warm-up and stretching exercises- to avoid muscle and joint injuries.

-Wear appropriate attire and footwear for comfort and safety.

-Clear the playing area/court; it must be free from water, atones and sharp object to avoid injuries.

-Take small quantities of water or isotonic sports drinks both before play and at Intervals during play.

-Have a towel ready and wipe yourself in between rallies or sets.

-Agree on the boundaries and determine who will serve first and the receiver.

-Disinfect your racket before using them

During the game:

-Keep a firm grip on the racket.

-Be careful not to hit your partner with the racket.

-Keep your racket head up so that you can intercept any shuttle which is coming towards your face and
avoid eye injury.

-Stay in your own court to avoid the possibility of collision with other players.

-Stop play if other players enter your court.

-Wait until there is a stop in the action to retrieve a bird from another court.

-Be aware of the walls and the near posts.

-Do not sneeze on the shuttle cock.

-Refrain from spitting on the floor during the activity.

After the game:

-No shaking of hands after the game; tap each other's racket instead, as a sign of sportsmanship.
-Have a cool-down and relaxation exercise.

-Avoid lying down after the play.

-Wash your hands before and after each play, especially if you touched surfaces in the badminton court.

-Apply the 20-second rule when washing your hands, and if you have a hand sanitizer or alcohol
available, keep it on your person as much as you can.

By:Braeden