Sarendra Revised
Sarendra Revised
1
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
This report comprises the summary of the residential building of Mr. Sarendra
Dev Shrestha at Mahalaxmi Municipality- 06, Sanagaun, Lalitpur, Nepal. The
reports consist of the design procedures adopted, the assumptions made, the
inputs made in the design and the design output. During the design, it is
assumed that the client will completely follow the architectural as well as the
structural design. It is also assumed that the construction will be supervised
by professional engineer.
The designer will not be responsible if any alterations to the structural system
is made by the client or the contractor without the prior written permission
from the designer, or the alterations to non-structural system is made such
that the weight of each individual floor or the weight of the whole building is
altered by more than 10% of design weight of each floor and the total weight.
The design calculations and derivations are limited to only a minimum to let
the concerned people know the methodology adopted. However, the
calculations may be provided to the client or concerned authorities when
needed, upon request. Hence the building is safe.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PLOT ..................................................................................................................................... 23
PLOT ..................................................................................................................................... 25
PLOT ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Introduction
This report has been prepared as a part of the structural engineering analysis and
design of the residence building.
The massive data inputs, design analysis, calculations and outputs of the result are
computer aided by the Structural analysis and design software ETABS, which is a
special purpose computer program developed specifically for building structures by
CSI America. It provides the Structural Engineer with all the tools necessary to
create, modify, analyze, design, and optimize the structural elements in a building
model.
Based on the final results, the designs have been performed and drawings were
prepared using AutoCAD 2007.
Nepal is located in boundary between the Indian and Tibetan plates, along which a
relative shear strain of about 2 cm per year has been estimated. The Indian plate is
also sub-ducting at a rate of, thought to be, about 3 cm per year. The existence of the
Himalayan range with the world’s highest peaks is evidence of continued uplift. As a
result, Nepal is very active seismically.
Reinforced concrete buildings may fail due to the either columns are overstressed
and burst due to lack of enough strength to resist the shock of the earth tremor and
vibration or failure of reinforced concrete members like beams at the poor ductile
detailing. Columns also do fail due to short column effect and splicing failure. Beams
fail due to anchorage failure, shear failure and confinement failure.
The country is subdivided into different seismic zones based on the local seismic
hazard. The seismic hazard within each zone is assumed to be constant. The
Seismic Zoning Factor (Z) represents the peak ground acceleration (PGA) for
475 year return period. The value of Z can be obtained from Table 4-5 for
selected municipalities, cities and for the rest can be obtained from Figure 4-4
(approximate interpolation between the contour lines is permitted).
For the design of the building, NBC 105-2077 have been referred for earthquake
resistant design. According to the NBC 105-2077, the Seismic Zoning Factor (Z)
represents the peak ground acceleration (PGA) for 475 year return period for
Kathmandu has been taken with very severe seismic intensity (zone factor z = 0.35)
and tremor response period or fundamental natural period (T) were calculated. After
that all design requirements such as seismic weight of building, lateral forces at
different floor levels and different column heads, base shear, distribution of design
forces to different floor levels are considered.
The characteristic compressive strength for concrete of 20 N/mm 2 (M20) was used in
all structural members and characteristic strength of 500 N/mm2 (Fe500) was used
for reinforcing steel.
SLAB
For slab, preliminary design is done according to deflection criteria span /effective
depth = 40*modification factor. (IS 456-2000 Art 24.1)
BEAM
Thumb rule of (d=L/10 to L/12) basis is adopted to consider the preliminary design of
the beam section.
b 1
D 2
i) Depth of beam:
We have,
1 1
dbeam = to ofspan
10 12
ii) Width of beam:
We have, bbeam = 1 to 2 of d beam
2 3
COLUMN
Preliminary design of column is done consideration and interior column. For the load
acting in the column, live load is decreased according to IS 875-1978.
Cross-section of the column is adopted considering the economy. Square column
section is adopted in this building project as per the internal aesthetic requirements.
A percentage of steel is taken as 0.8 to 6 percentage of cross section area of
column, but as taking 6% area of steel is more at a laps section so generally % of
steel is taken up to 4% only..
We have,
p Ag p Ag
P= 0.4 f A 0.67 f A
ck c y sc
0.4 f A
ck g
0.67
100
f y 100
STAIRCASE
Stairs is designed as per drawing. Column for stairs boxes is not included in the grid
system but they are assumed to be simply tied with main frame with beam.
PART III: METHODOLOGY
The methodology adopted in the Structural Analysis and Design of Two and half Storied RCC
framed Residential Building has been described below:
1. Data Collection
All the data required for this project work have been taken from different literatures. Design
parameters have been taken from Indian Standard Code of Practice. Soil test report collect from
site.
Limit State Method bases on safety and serviceability requirements associated with the design
loads and design strengths of the materials has been used. These design loads and design
strengths are obtained by applying partial safety factors for characteristic loads and strengths of
the materials concrete and steel.
Limit States
The Limit State method of design covers the various forms of failure. There are several limit
states at which the structure ceases to function, the most important among them being,
Ultimate limit states are associated with collapse or with other forms of structural failure which
might endanger the safety of people. Design for ultimate limit state represents a procedure that
ensures the probability of collapse of a structure is at an acceptable level. The ultimate limit state
performance requirements are met when the structure satisfies the following:
1. The structural system has the required resistance and energy dissipation capacity;
2. The structure as a whole shall be checked to ensure that it is stable under the design
seismic forces. Both overturning and sliding stability shall be taken into account;
3. The structural system shall continue to perform its load-bearing function;
4. Both the foundation elements and the foundation soil are able to resist the forces
resulting from the response of the superstructure without substantial permanent
deformations;
5. Non-structural systems which are essential for safe evacuation from the structure shall
continue to function;
6. The nonstructural elements do not present risks to people and does not have a
detrimental effect on the response of the structural elements.
b) The limit state of serviceability includes excessive deflection and excessive local
damage. Excessive deflection adversely affects the finishes and excessive local damage results
in cracking of concrete, which impairs the efficiency, or appearance of the structure
Serviceability Limit State Verification:
Damage limitation states are associated with damage beyond which specified service
requirements are no longer met. It represents a level of force within the structure below which
there is a high degree of assurance that the structure can continue to be used as originally
intended without repair. The serviceability limit state performance requirements are met when the
structure satisfies the following:
1. The structural system shall not experience deformations that result in structural or non-
structural damage that can prevent the structure from performing its intended original
function.
2. In structures important for civil protection, the structure shall have sufficient resistance
and stiffness to remain operational so that it can perform its function of the vital services
in the event of an earthquake.
2. Load Calculation
Load calculations have been done using the IS 875-1987 (Part 1 & Part 2) as reference.
The exact value of unit weights of the material used in the building has been extracted from the
code for the calculation. Thickness of materials was taken as per design requirement.
2.1 Vertical Load
Loads on slabs may be divided into
i. Dead load - self-weight of slab.
ii. Live load - from relevant codes.
Load on beam are:
a. Self – weight of beam.
b. Load transfer from slab.
c. Load due to wall.
d. Floor Finish load
e. Load transfer from staircase.
Load on the columns were calculated by finding out the total dead load and live loads acting on
the columns according to their coverage and adding self – weight of it.
S.N. Screeding Unit wt. Ceramic Unit wt. Ceiling finish Unit wt. Load/m2
tiles
mm kN/m3 mm kN/m3 mm kN/m3 kN/m2
1 50 20.4 0 25 3 24 1.09
Lateral loads acting on building are earthquake load only. Earthquake or seismic load on a
building depends upon its geographic location, lateral stiffness and mass, and it’s reversible.
Thus its effect has been considered along both axes of the building taken one at the time. Due to
flat slab roof we have not considered wind load, also it is not practically used in our context.
Hence only seismic load analysis is carried out. For analysis and design earthquake action,
following methods can be applied.
1. Equivalent Static Method (ESM).
2. Model Response Spectrum Method (MRSM).
The Equivalent Static Method may be used for all serviceability limit state (SLS) calculations
regardless of the building characteristics. For ultimate limit state (ULS), the Equivalent Static
Method may be used when at least one of the following criteria is satisfied (Clause 3.2.1):
ii. The natural time period of the structure is less than 0.5 secs.
iii. The structure is not categorized as irregular as per 5.5 and the height is less than 40 m.
Since the height of the building is less than 40m, equivalent static method is used.
Seismic Load calculation As Per NBC 105:2077
The Elastic site spectra for horizontal loading shall be as given by equation 4.1.1.
Where,
Ch(T) = Spectral Shape factor as per Clause 4.1.2
T =0.075 h^(3/4) for Moment resisting concrete frame (Clause 5.1.1)
Z = Seismic Zoning Factor = 0.35 for Kathmandu
(Clause 4.1.4 Table 4-5: Seismic Zoning factors for selected cities and
Municipalities)
I = Importance Factor =1.0 for residential Building
(Clause 4.1.5 Table 4-6 for Moment resisting concrete frame)
H = Height of the building from foundation or from top of a rigid basement
considered in analysis
Design Base Shear
Where,
The seismic forces are applied to the model of building in Etabs automatically for the purpose of
seismic analysis; hence the manual calculation of seismic load and the seismic forces have not
been shown.
The seismic weight of the building and the distribution of the base shear to the horizontal
diaphragm are generated from the analysis in Etabs.
Inter-Story Deflections
The ratio of the inter-story deflection to the corresponding story height shall not exceed: 0.025 at
ultimate limit state 0.006 at serviceability limit state The deflections shall be obtained by using
the effective stiffness properties of the components as given in 3.4(as per NBC 105-2077)
ACCIDENTAL ECCENTRICITY
For the analysis for torsional effects, the applied torsion at each level shall use either the forces
calculated by the Equivalent Static Method or the combined story inertial forces found in a Modal
Response Spectrum Method. The accidental eccentricity can be taken as ±0.1b.
B. Live Load
IS: 875 (Part 2)-1987
Normal Residential building: 2 kN/m2
Roof:
LL = 1.5 kN/ m2
H. Parapet Wall
Load = 0.115(W)*1(H)*19.20
= 2.21 kN/m
Name Type
Dead Linear Static
Live Linear Static
WALL Linear Static
FF Linear Static
Ex Linear Static
Ey Linear Static
E Linear Static
ROOF LL Linear Static
Where,
α - peak spectral acceleration normalized by PGA
Ta and Tc - the lower and upper periods of the flat part of the spectrum
K=0.8 – Building Height Exp. (Coefficient that controls the descending branch
of the spectrum
Z = 0.35 -(for Lalitpur, NBC105:2077)
I = 1.0 -(Importance Factor =1.0 for residential Building
(Clause 4.1.5 Table 4-6 for Moment resisting concrete frame)
Here, the value of T is Ta<T<Tc so
Ch(T)= 2.25
C(T) = Ch(T)* Z* I
= 2.25*0.35*1
=0.7875
Figure 1: Spectral Shape Factor, Ch(T) for Equivalent Static Method
The lateral seismic force (Fi) induced at each level ‘i’ shall be calculated as:
xV
Where,
Wi=seismic weight of the structure assigned to level ‘i’;
hi= height (m) from the base to level ‘i’;
n= total number of floors/levels
V= horizontal seismic base shear calculated as per 6.2
K= an exponent related to the structural period as follows:
for structure having time period T≤0.5sec, k=1
for structure having time period T≥2.5sec, k=2
for structure having period between 0.5 sec and 2.5 sec, k shall be
determined by linear interpolation between 1 and 2.
Calculation of Ultimate Limit State
For the ultimate limit state, the horizontal base shear coefficient (design coefficient),
Cd (T), shall be given by:
Cd(𝑇) =C(𝑇)/(Rμ x Ωu) ……………………………..6.1.1
Where,
C(T) = Elastic Site Spectra as per 4.1.1
Rμ =4 (Ductility Factor as per Table 5-2)
𝛀u =1.5 (Over strength Factor for ULS as per 5.4 Table 5-2)
Cd(𝑇) =C(𝑇)/(Rμ x Ωu)
=0.7875/(4*1.5)
=0.13125
Total Horizontal Base shear Vx = Vy = Cd(T)x W =0.13125* 2171.8693 KN
Total Horizontal Base shear Vx = Vy = 285.0578 KN
METHOD OF ANALYSIS
Analysis method adopted for EQ resistant design : Equivalent Static Method (ESM)
Level of design : Professionally engineered structure
Total number of design load cases considered :5
Seismic zoning factor : 0.35
The load combinations are based on NBC 105: 2077 Clause 3.6.1
Static Load Combination:
1.2 DL + 1.5 LL
Seismic Load Combinations:
1.0 DL + 0.3 LL EQ ULS
1.0 DL + 0.3 LL EQ SLS
For seismic loading, mass equivalent to the load that composed of 100% of Dead load and 30%
& 60% of Live load is taken into consideration.
The Earthquake lateral loads were used in the combination from the Self-Generated Load on the
Equivalent Static Method (ESM).
Following effective stiffness for flexure and shear is used as per NBC-105-2020.
Analysis Detail:
Fig: 3D VIEW
Fig: Dead Load (Floor Finish)
Lateral seismic loads for load pattern ULS using the user input coefficients
Lateral seismic loads for load pattern SLS using the user input coefficients
Lateral Force EQx SLS Lateral Force EQy, SLS
Axial Force Diagram (Sample)
Summary Description
This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load
combination.
Input Data
Name StoryResp1
Display Type Max story displ Story Range All Stories
Load Case EQx Top Story Story3
Output Type Step Number 1 Bottom Story Base
Plot
Summary Description
This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load
combination.
Input Data
Name StoryResp1
Display Type Max story displ Story Range All Stories
Load Case EQy Top Story Story3
Output Type Step Number 1 Bottom Story Base
Plot
Summary Description
This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load
combination.
Input Data
Name StoryResp1
Display Type Max story displ Story Range All Stories
Load Case EQx SLS Top Story Story3
Output Type Step Number 1 Bottom Story Base
Plot
Summary Description
This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load
combination.
Input Data
Name StoryResp1
Display Type Max story displ Story Range All Stories
Load Case EQy SLS Top Story Story3
Output Type Step Number 1 Bottom Story Base
Plot
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
355.6 355.6 58 30
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500
Notes:
N/A: Not Applicable
N/C: Not Calculated
N/N: Not Needed
BEAM DESIGN RESULT
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 355.6 228.6 0 16 16
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500
1. Indian Standards Code of Practice For Plain & Reinforced Concrete IS: 456-2000;
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), July 2000, New Delhi
2. Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete IS: 456-1978 Special Publication: 16 Bureau
of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi
3. Nepal National Building Code, NBC 105: 2077, Department of Housing and
Physical Planning.
4. Handbook on Concrete reinforcement and Detailing, Special Publication: 34
[SP: 34 –1987].
5. Explanatory Handbook on Code for Earthquake Engineering IS: 1893 –2002,
Beau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi.
6. Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic forces-
Indian Code of Practice IS 13920: 1993, Beau of Indian Standards (BIS), New
Delhi.
ANNEX
Moment of Resistance of Under Reinforced Beam
Check with rectangular column
Width of beam= 230 mm
Depth of Beam= 350 mm
Effective depth of beam (d)= 314 mm
Diameter of rebar= 16 mm
Clear Cover= 20 mm
Ast= 603 mm² 2-16 (R)+1-16(Ex)
Asc= 515 mm² 2-16+1-12(Re)
d'= 28 mm
Grade of steel= 500 Mpa
Grade of Concrete= 20 Mpa
Es= 200000 Mpa
Mu= 0.36*fck*b*xu*(d-0.416*xu)+Asc*(fsc-fcc)*(d-d')
where,
xu=(𝑓𝑠∗𝐴𝑠𝑡−(𝑓𝑠𝑐−𝑓𝑐𝑐)∗𝐴𝑠𝑐)/(0.36∗𝑓𝑐𝑘∗𝑏)
fs= 0.87*fy if the section is balanced or under reinforced < 0.87*fy if the section is over
reinforced and shall correspond to strain es= 0.0035(d-xu)/xu
a) Assume xu = xu,l
xu,l=0.0035/(0.0055+0.87𝑓𝑦/𝐸𝑠)∗𝑑= 143.19218 mm
0.696*fy/Es= 0.00174
Hence, fsc= 306.5047
Hence, fcc= 8.432669
c) Compute modified value of xu as,
Column
Lower Story
Grade of Concrete= M20
Grade of Steel= Fe500
Size Length(b)= 355mm Breadth(d)= 355mm
Pu= 347.00kN d'/D= 0.15
Ast Provided= 1608 mm²
p/fck= 0.06379687
Pu/fckbD= 0.1376711
Mu/fckbD²= 0.11 Use SP16 Chart 49 Pg. 134
Mu= 98.43kN-m
Upper Story
Grade of Concrete= M20
Grade of Steel= Fe500
Size Length= 355mm Breadth= 355mm
Pu= 347.00kN
Ast Provided= 1608 mm²
d'/D= 0.15
p/fck= 0.06379687
Pu/fckbD= 0.1376711
Mu/fckbD²= 0.11 Use SP16 Chart 49 Pg. 134
Mu= 98.43kN-m
Total= 196.85kN-m
Column Beam capacity Ratio= 1.403
Hence The Column Beam Capacity Ratio is 1.403
CG/from Left
of Force 0
Max P 474 m
Net upward soil pressure = 141.54 KN/m2 Check Value 0.35
m
BENDING MOMENT about x-x passing through the face
70.92 KN/m maxim projection
of the column
0.000
d calculated from moments = 118.50 mm
Grade of concrete M 20
Check for one way shear
at d distance (Vu)= 89.62 kN
Nominal shear stress(Tv)= 0.12 N/mm2
% of tension steel p = 12 dia 0.19
shear strength of M20 concrete for above % steel = >360.9 Ok for 12 dia.
Check for two way shear
Development length
Ld= 566.41 mm
Ld available 780 > 566.41
Ok
Design of isolated foundation
Pleft(X)(unfactored) 240.00 KN Area req 2.20
KN Width prov 1.52
Soil bearing 120 KN/mm2 Total Length 1.45
Cent Col Size 0.35 m provided length 1.52
Cornor Col Size 0.35 m Left Projection
Dist betw. Col. Center to center m Right Projection
CG/from Left
of Force 0
Max P 360 m
Net upward soil pressure = 155.82 KN/m2 Check Value 0.35
m
BENDING MOMENT about x-x passing through the face
40.53 KN/m maxim projection
of the column
0.000
d calculated from moments = 98.29 mm
Grade of concrete M 20
Check for one way shear
at d distance (Vu)= 45.24 kN
Nominal shear stress(Tv)= 0.08 N/mm2
% of tension steel p = 12 dia 0.19
shear strength of M20 concrete for above % steel = >360.9 Ok for 12 dia.
Check for two way shear
Development length
Ld= 566.41 mm
Ld available 625 > 566.41
Ok
Design of Mat Foundation
L Column Size offset
3.00 Dimension Along x 3.00 c/c 3.35 end to 0.35 m 0.00
3.78 Along y 3.78 c/c 4.73 end 0.60 offset 0.00 3.78
3.00
Loads 3.78
column 1 158 column 1' 252 column 1" 0 1"' 0 load along x (above from left to right)
column 2 197 column 2' 348 column 2" 0 2"' 0 load along x (below from left to right)
0 Y
Total Load 955 x' 1.68 0 column distance wrt first column
y' 2.37
Eccentricity of loads 0 X
x bar = (3.78*(158+252)/955) 1.62 m 0 column distance wrt first column
y bar = (3.0*(225+348)/955) 1.88 m 0 X'
0 column distance wrt first column
ex = x bar-x/2 0.12 0 X"
ey = y bar-y/2 -0.01 0 column distance wrt first column
Iy = db3/12 14.82 m4
Ix = bd3/12 29.54 m4
Table 12 (-ve) Max. span moment, Mm = ql²/12 = 55.47 KNm/m width Mm= 55.47 KNm/m
Note : The design of mat foundation along X and Y direction are consider same .
Design of Mat Foundation
calculation of steel Y-Direction
Concrete grade =M 20 Steel Grade = Fe 500
Ref. Step Calculation Output
Design for max. upward soil pressure
Column dim. At the point of maxm soil pressure
= 350 mm* 350 mm
1 Max.Upward soil press, q = 73.96 KN/m² q= 73.96 KN/mm²
Table 12 Max. span moment, Mm = ql²/12 = 88.064172 KNm/m width Mm= 88.0642 KNm/m
Ast= 0.5* 20
500 (1- √ 1- 4.6* 88.064172
20 *1000
*106 )* 1000 * 450
450 ²
= 462 mm2
Providing 12 mm bars@ 150 mm c/c 12 mm Ø bars @
2
Act. Ast= 754.1 mm OK 150 mm c/c
Pt= 0.149 %
Note : The design of mat foundation along X and Y direction are consider same .
Project info:
Sarendra Shrestha
Data: Status of designe:
Exterior column load [KN].unfactored = 240 TRUE
Interior column load [KN].unfactored = 316 .
Load factor = 1
Distance between column center lines[m] = 4.11 11.0833
Depth of foundation Df [m] = 0.5
Allowable bearing capacity of soil [KN/sq.m] = 125
Width of ext. col. In strap beam direction [m] = 0.35
Width of ext. col. In direct perpendicular strap beam [m] = 0.35
Width of int. col. In strap beam direction [m] = 0.35
Width of int. col. In direct perpendicular strap beam [m] = 0.35
Breadth of strap beam [m] = 0.35
Eccentricity of exterior load from footing [m] = 0.77
R.C designation : Fcu [N/sq.mm] = 20
reinf. Strength : Fy [N/sq.mm] = 500
density of soil [KN/cu.m] 19
Calculation:
reaction of ext.footing R1 294.89 [KN]
geo. reaction of ext.footing R1T 319.14 [KN]
Req. ext. footing 2.55 [sq.m] Dim. sq 1.59786
Use dimensions for ext.footing L= 1.83 [m] Area prov.d 3.35 131%
B= 1.83 [m] in strap direction
Use dimensions for int.footing L= 1.83 [m] Area prov.d 3.35 148%
B= 1.83 [m] in strap direction
check dim TRUE
Designe of strap beam:
Breadth of strap beam [m] 0.35
depth of strap beam from shear d 293.25 [mm]
Use depth d 450 [mm] TRUE
total depth H 500 [mm]
fcu = 20 N/smm fy = 500 N/smm
Ult. column load 294.89 [KN] Safe bearing capacity 125 [KN/sq.m]
Self weight 58.61 [KN] Overburden height 0.0 m A prvd.
2
Overburden 0.00 [KN] Area of footing reqd. 1.95 m TRUE
2
Total load 353.49 [KN] Area of footing provided 3.35 m L reqd.
Net upward pressure ult. 105.56 [KN/sq.m] Footing thickness 500 [mm] 1.07
Short span Long span B/W
Width B= 1.83 m Length L= 1.83 m 1.00
Column width 350.00 mm Column breadth 350 mm
Max. cantilever proj. 1.48 m Max. cantilever proj. 0.74 m Ast min
Max. B.M. /m width 115.60 kNm Max. B.M. /m width 29 kNm 577
Ult. column load 261.11211 [KN] Safe bearing capacity 125 [KN/sq.m]
Self weight 59 [KN] Overburden height 0.0 m A prvd.
2
Overburden 0 [KN] Area of footing reqd. 1.76 m TRUE
2
Total load 320 [KN] Area of footing provided 3.35 m L reqd.
Net upward pressure ult. 95 [KN/sq.m] Footing thickness 500 [mm] 0.96
Short span Long span B/W
Width B= 1.83 m Length L= 1.83 m 1.00
Column width 350 mm Column breadth 350 mm
Max. cantilever proj. 0.74 m Max. cantilever proj. 0.74 m Ast min
Max. B.M. /m width 26 kNm Max. B.M. /m width 26 kNm 577
Design Data
Dimensions of the slab (c/c distance b/w supports), fck = 20 N/mm
2
Calculations
Assume the thickness of slab as 125 mm ; Effective depth, d = 101 mm
Effective span, lx = 3.05 m (or) 2.921 m whichever is less; d = 2.921 m
ly = 4.11 m (or) 3.981 m whichever is less; d = 3.981 m
(ly / lx ) = 1.36 < 2 ; Here, (ly / lx ) is less than 2, Hence design the slab as two way slab
Load Calculations
Dead Load of slab = 0.125 x 25 = 3.13 KN/m2 Dust Load on slab = 0 KN/m
2
2
Live Load on slab = 2.0 KN/m
Total Dead load acting on the Structure = 4.33 KN/m2
Total live load acting on the Structure = 2.0 KN/m2
2
Factored Design Load w = 9.50 KN/m
Moment Calculation
Max. BM per unit width, Mx = ax w l x 2 & My = ay w l x 2
2
Mu Mu / bd pt Ast, req Ast , min = (0.12/100) bD = 150 mm
2
2 2
KNm N/mm % mm
For Short Span,
Reinforcement details
At mid span, 4.17 0.41 0.1164 118
At supports, 5.56 0.55 0.1576 159 Provide Y 8 @ 150 mm c/c at midspan &
For Long span, supports for short span (Ast pro. = 335 mm2 )
At mid span, 2.84 0.33 0.0932 94 Provide Y 8 @ 150 mm c/c at midspan &
At supports, 3.81 0.44 0.1252 126 supports for long span (Ast pro. = 335 mm2 )