Factors Influencing the Career Choice Among Grade 12 Senior High

School Students of Gonzalo Aler National High School

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School of Gonzalo

Aler National High School

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Subjects

PRACTICAL RESEARCH

Grade 12 – GAS

Melody N. Comple

Marry Mae Fusin

John Eric Lapak

Lito Libantino

Marc Leo Magdaraog

John Paul Marquez

Aknowledgement

Fulfillment is continually with complete efforts like this project. The

researcher would not have whatever to pay back to the ones men and women

who actively retain supporting to make this studies greater reliable however the

researchers would love to increase completely heartedly their way to Mr. Josua

Garcia for being a the sensible research 2 trainer of the researchers. This person

was our motivation and we do recognize them in each aspect they have got

carried out for our research to achieve success enough. Aside from her, we

would like to thank the research adviser, statistician and editor for giving help to

the performed research that includes Mrs. Shalimar Pilapil, Mr. Jerreme Jayson

Frilles and Mr. Jayson Quiñones. Also we would like to thank the School

Principal, Mrs. Aileen C. Sindac.

Exceptionally,to God Almighty for talents, skills, values and personalities

that He has bestowed on us. Thru His guidance and Enlightenment, we correctly

have achieved our research.

 Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1. THE PROBLEM AND IT’S SETTING

• Background of the Study……………………………………...…………………

•Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………......

•Scope and Delimitation………………………………………………….………..

•Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………

•Notes…………………………………………………………

CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

•Review of Literature……………………………………………………………….

Foreign Literature…………………………………………………………………..

Local Literature……………………………………………………………………..

•Review of Studies…………………………………………………………………

Foreign Studies…………………………………………………………………….

Local Studies……………………………………………………………………….

•Synthesis…………………………………………………………………………..

•Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………..

•Theoretical Paradigm…………………………………………………………….

•Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………………….

•Conceptual Paradigm ……………………………………………………………

•Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………..

•Notes……………………………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

•Research Design………………………………………………………………….
•Population, Sample Size and Sampling Techniques………………………....

•Descriptive of the Respondents…………………………………………………

•Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………… ………………

•Research Instrument……………………………………………………………..

•Statistical Treatment of Data…………………………………………………….

•Notes……………………………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER 4. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

•Presentation……………………………………………………………………….

•Analysis…………………………………………………………………………….

•Interpretation………………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER 5. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

•Summary of the Findings………………………………………………………….

•Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….….

•Recommendation…………………………………………………………………..
Abstract

Career choice is a complex decision for students since it determines the

kind of profession that they intend to pursue in life. As students try to make

career choice while in secondary school, they face problem of matching their

career choices with their abilities and school performance. However, studies

indicate that most students enter into careers that are totally different from the

ones they chose while in secondary. The purpose of this study was to examine

factors influencing career choice among Grade 12 Senior High School Students

of Gonzalo Aler National High School. The study was conducted using

descriptive survey design with a respondents of 104 students. The data for this

study was collected using survey questionnaire . The findings of this study

indicate that availability of advancement opportunities and learning experiences

are the most influential factors affecting career choices among students. While

males reported learning experiences and career flexibility as the most influential

factors, females however reported availability of advancement opportunity and

opportunity to apply skills as the most influential factors. However, no variance

was reported for persons influencing career choice by gender.

 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study

Career choice is one of the most significant dilemmas and challenges in

any student’s life. It involves an interplay of many factors which are intricately

intertwined. It is not a straightforward task and involves a complex process of

decision-making. According to Bandura, Barbaranelli, Caprara, and Pastorelli

(2019), an individual’s environment, talents, skills, and academic achievement

influence career choice. In case of a wrong choice, it may lead to resultant failure

and disappointment.

Career selection is among many important choices students will make in

determining plans. This decision will impact them throughout their lives. The

essence of who the student is will revolve around what the student wants to do

with their life-long work. Basavage (2021, p.1), in her thesis, asked, "What is it

that influences children one way or another?" Over the school's front door at

Rindge School of Technical Arts is the saying, "Work is one of our greatest

blessings. Everyone should have an honest occupation" (Rosenstock &

Steinberg, cited in O'Brien, 2020, p. 3). Every student carries the unique history

of their past, and this determines how they view the world. That history created,

in part by the student's environment, personality, and opportunity, will determine

how students make career choices. It then follows that how the student perceives

their environment, personality, and opportunity also will determine the career

choices students make.

 The first factor in career choice, environment, may influence the career

students choose. For example, students who have lived on an island may choose

a career dealing with the water, or they may choose to leave the island behind,

never to have anything to do with water again. Maybe someone in the student’s

life has made a significant impact or impression, leading to a definite career

choice. Parents” educational background may influence student views on

continuing their education.

Adolescents who have recently graduated from high school may

encounter significant difficulty as they prepare to enter the larger and more

sophisticated world of college life. What would be their line of action? What

course of action should they take is the most challenging question for them to

answer. Indeed, adopting a sensible job choice is one of the most significant yet

complex decisions a young person will make in life. Even though a few fortunate

teenagers appear to be able to make such selections easily, others appear to be

having difficulty making such decisions, and many seek expert assistance. This

time, they must think a hundred times about what course they will take because

this will influence the development of their future professional lives. To avoid

going into too much detail, it is often the case that the formation of unhappy

misfits in the world of work begins the moment someone steps on the very first

rung of the collegiate level of education. Many young people embark on an

occupational journey with little knowledge of where they are going, what they

should do, or what they can expect from their chosen professions.
 A student's career choice is one of the most significant problems and

obstacles that they face during their academic career. It entails the exchange of

many intricately intertwined components. According to Nyamwarge (2022), a

student's current circumstances, gifts, abilities, and scholarly achievements all

influence career choice. It is not an easy task; it entails a lengthy decision-

making process. Students must consider various factors, particularly during this

pandemic, which causes them to second-guess their choices. Disappointment

and frustration are likely to follow in a poor choice. According to research, a

student's career choice is influenced by their home, school, and social

environment. Financial considerations influence their career choices, as they

must pay for family expenses. Many studies have found that factors like fitness,

life circumstances, and academic achievement affect career choices (Kazi et al.,

A. 2019). Students' career choices will impact the remainder of their lives.

Students' career choices were influenced by their grades, ages, personal

interests, and experiences, among other factors, and it was through their

educational experiences that these students determined what they wanted to

accomplish in their future careers (Quinter et al., 2020). Senior high school

students also said that factors like decision-making, motivation, peer pressure,

institutional concerns, and future job prospects, among other things, influenced

their decisions.

Career choices require high creativity, experimentation, decision-making,

and sound judgment. To generate and nurture interest in a particular career, it is

critical to have a working knowledge of that field. Self-defining activities

necessary for an individual's soul, heart, and power are powerfully attracted to

passion. Professional success is most likely to occur when an individual's career

path is aligned with his talents, personality, background, and intelligence.

Numerous students make decisions based on personal preferences rather than

what the labor market requires. According to the findings, it takes passion to

comprehend entrepreneurship and its processes (Magdadaro, 2020).

Additionally, the type of sources used to gather information about the course of

study influences the determination of this degree of ambition. Role expectations,

for example, vary significantly within the family unit and the occupational social

system. In the home, a person's characteristics are evaluated, whereas their

performance on the job is evaluated (Guney et al.; M., 2019). Employees who

develop and administer professional programs have been able to advance their

careers and increase their organizations' commitment to professionalism (Ismail,

2023). It is especially advantageous for students who attend larger schools or

live in areas with abundant career opportunities. It is a good idea to investigate

your career options. High school students must determine which strand best fits

their personality and is closest to their heart.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the career choices

among senior high school students.

Specifically, this research seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age

b. Gender

c. Strand

d. Monthly Income

2. What are the factors that influence the career choices of the students?

3. What recommendation can be given to address factors influencing the students'

career choices identified in the study?

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to identify the factors influencing the career

choices among Grade 12 senior high school students of Gonzalo Aler National

High School enrolled in 2023- 2024. Through this research, the researchers

will also be able to gather suggestions from the respondents and help the

researchers formulate solutions and recommendations for improving the

school administrators, students, and parents. The primary data-gathering

instrument will be a questionnaire given to the senior high school students.

 The study's respondents were the Grade 12 Senior High School

Students of Gonzalo Aler National High School. The frequency of the

respondents is taken per section. The number of respondents was determined

through Slovin’s Formula. Stratified random sampling was employed to

determine the sample for the research instruments.

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study were expected to help. Determine the factors

affecting the career choice decision of Senior High School students. In line with

the main task of the research, this paper might be beneficial to the following

individuals:

Students. The study guided in making the right career choice considering

the different factors.

Parents. The study can assist and guide their children to choose the right

course, considering the different factors influencing career choice decisions.

Teachers. The study served as a reference for future teacher

development programs to better prepare students for college readiness. The

findings of the study could help them work more effectively and efficiently.

Administrators. This study can be a basis for possible curricular

redirection and program development of the school.

 Future Researchers. The study served as a reference for future

research. This can guide future researchers in doing research papers, and the

findings can be used for additional information they would need to improve their

research related to this study. The study will also help strengthen the conviction

of schools on the need for conducting studies specifically on factors influencing

the career choice decisions of students.

Notes

Bandura, Barbaranelli, Caprara, and Pastorelli (2001)

https://doi.org/10.5171/2017.718849

Basavage (1996, p.1) https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.48158

Nyamwarge (2016) Career choice factors of high school students (Doctoral

dissertation, University of Wisconsin- Stout)

http://www.aensiweb.net/AENSIWE

Rosenstock & Steinberg, cited in O'Brien, 1996, p. 3

https://www.cepsj.si/index.php/cepsj/article/view/

Kazi, A. S., & Akhlaq, A. 2017 51-54.

https://www.utm.edu/departments/m

Quinter et al., 2011 https://www.academia.edu/34876760/

Arthur, M. B., & Rousseau, D. M. (1996). A Career Lexicon for the 21st Century.

The Academy of Management Executive, 10(4): 28-39.

 CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the selected literature and studies both from foreign

and local authors, magazines, books, websites, and article which provides

valuable insights and the deepest understanding of the researchers' present

study. It also involved a theoretical and conceptual framework appropriate to the

study and served as a basis for relevant information and adapt findings to make

this as valid as possible it may be. The reviews gave the researchers a broader

knowledge to help them in identifying the gap to be bridged which aimed to find

out The Factors Influencing the Career Choice of the Grade 12 Senior High

School Students of Gonzalo Aler National High School.

Review of Literature

Foreign Literature

Ghuangpeng (2021) defines career choice is a process which occurs

when an individual, especially students, chooses a particular career for college.

However, choosing a career is not an easy decision for students as it determines

their future in the field of work (Edwards & Quinter, 2020).

The choices are anchored on how they perceive a profession, and most of

them will select one which they think is the most suitable (Super, Savicks and

Super, as cited by Gavo, 2022). Career preferences of individuals also vary since

people are different from each other in terms of personality, behavior, age,
environment and etc. (Hewitt, 2019). Thus, a profession which interests one

person may not be similar to another person's interest (Gavo, 2022).

According to Pafili and Mylonakis (2011), when students are able to select

the right career, they can effectively use their knowledge and skills which could

help on the development and welfare of the society. Yet, some students may not

have sufficient knowledge and understanding about the right career to pursue.

According to Kerka(2019),career choices is influenced by multiple factor

including personality, interests, self concept , cultural identity, globalization,

socialization, role model, social support and available resources such as

information and financial.

According to Ferry(2022)further asserts that adolescent occupational

choice is influenced by many factors including the context, personal aptitudes,

and educational attainment. He contends further that whether college-bound or

work-bound, meeting the challenge of this development milestone is critical in

adolescents line

Local Literature

Proper counseling is necessary. Helping individuals explore their various

options is one of the main purpose or role of guidance and counseling. In

addition, vocational guidance counseling is a guidance and counseling service

which allows guidance counselors to help individuals acquire needed

competencies to help in planning for the right career (Pascual, 2022). However,

aside from career planning, extensive career research before choosing a career
should also be considered by an individual to adapt with socio-economic

changes nowadays

The Philippine government firmly believes that the strength of a nation

relies upon the strength of its education system (Sergio, 2021). Thus, in

accordance with this belief, the government implemented the K to 12 Program

which is considered as one of the significant reforms in the Philippine

Educational System.

According to the Department of Education (2019), the program covers

kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education,

four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School) to provide

sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and

prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development,

employment, and entrepreneurship. In addition, before entering to college, high

school students are already given the opportunity to select from tracks and

strands offered by schools (Official Gazette of the Philippines).

Career is an occupation undertaken for a significant period of a person’s

life and with opportunities for progress. Career has many different choices that

students have but they still need to decide to the best career they can pursue.

According to Torres (2023)

Many students believe that to live a comfortable lifestyle they need to be

economically stable”. When these students look into a major or a career path,

they seek out the higher salary jobs or they look for major that involves the most
job security .According also to (Beggs,et. Al 2021).Financial aspects that

students consider includes high earning potential, benefit and opportunities for

advancement.

Related Studies

Local Studies

As this study focuses on the factors that affect the Senior High School

career choice of students, a study conducted by Abarro (2019) is related. The

main objective of the study was to craft a program for Senior High School in the

University of Rizal System. Specifically it sought to determine the (1) selected

career tracks and strands of the Grade12 students in public high school in the

Division of Antipolo City and Rizal, (2) variables associated with the career tracks

and strands selected by students.

Braza and Guillo (2021) determined the career choice of high school

students in different private institutions in San Jose Batangas as a basis for

developing a career program guide to assist students in choosing their career.

The researcher also used a descriptive research method together with a

questionnaire and standardized test to gather the needed data. 189 grade 9

students were randomly selected from the total population of 358 students of

private institutions in San Jose, Batangas during the school year 2020-2021.

In the study of Hernandez (2020) Most students' career choices are

influenced by many factors like outcome expectancies. individual variants such

as sex, personal interests, learning experiences, environmental factors, etc. In

addition, individuals are likely to have a successful career if they choose a career

based on their strengths and capabilities.

A pilot study on career choice was conducted by Benitez et al. (2021)

which aimed to determine the influences of various factors such as age, gender,

location, paternal and maternal occupation and their education levels on the

career preference of Year 12 students in Quezon.

A study on career choices in Ilocos by Aguado (2019) indicates that the

students had an external locus of control and believes that there are numerous

external factors which influence their career choices. These external factors

include political, and economic considerations, previous work experience and the

influence of key individuals in a person’s life.

Foreign Studies

In a study by Natalie (2022), young adults through interaction with the

context of family, school and community learn about and explore careers which

ultimately lead to their career choice. One consistent finding in research suggests

that adolescents’ own aspirations are influenced by their parent’s aspirations or

expectations. Parental support and encouragement are important factors that

have been found to influence career choice

In a study by Perrone et al., (2019) on role model influence on the career

decisiveness of college students, it was found that role model supportiveness,

and quality of relationship contributed to the career choice of students. The same

study indicated that majority of the students selected same gender role models.

According to Oyamo and Amoth (2023), studies in Kenya show that rural

students tend to seek help from parents more than urban students and that

parents more than teachers play a major role in the career choice of students.

Generally, the choice of a career is influenced by parents, friends, and

counselors however variations occur from one population to the other.

A Study on career choice in Ethiopia by Stebleton (2020) indicated that the

students had an external locus of control and believes that there are numerous

external factors which influence their career choices. These external factors

include; political and economic considerations, previous work experience and the

influence of key individuals in a person’s life.

Pummel, Harwood and Lavallee (2019) reports that external influences

that helps to shape an individual’s career choice are also influenced by

significant others through social support from peers.

Synthesis

Choosing a career such as choosing a career for Senior High School is

one of the complex decisions that students have to go through before they

achieve their goals in life. Furthermore, during the process of making a choice or

decision, various factors emerge which could help or make it more difficult for an

individual, specifically students. For instance, when a student undergoes

counseling, he/she could gain enough information regarding the career he she
wants to pursue in college. Thus, it could help the student identify if his/her

abilities and skills match with what the career demands. The student could then

decide to continue to pursue the career or choose from his/her other career

options.

Meanwhile, the opportunity that students receive, especially in the level of

education, is one of the factors that could help or prevent a student from

choosing his/her ideal career. Students who receive the best quality of education

could easily choose a career, while students who receive poor quality of

education can experience difficulty in selecting a career since various factors

influence their decision. To maximize the benefits and lessen the unwanted

effects of these factors, the government implemented the K to 12 program, which

adds two additional years in high school. The program aims to hone the skills

and competencies of students to help them prepare for college and acquire a

better job in the future.

Furthermore. Even though some studies have already been conducted

regarding the career choice of high school students. This may be because the

Senior High School program was just recently implemented. With this, the

researchers aim to determine the factors that influence the Career Choices of

Grade 12 students in Gonzalo Aler National High School.

 Theoretical Paradigm

SOCIAL COGNITIVE
CAREER THEORY

(SCCT)

SOCIAL
SUPPER’S
LEARNING
THEORY
THEORY

Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm

Theoretical Framework

The following theories are being shown in order to support the research

paper. In the first theory the researcher used the Super's Theory. In these theory

it consists of three original constructs (Sharf 2019). These are the career

development, self-concept and lastly the career maturity. (Sharf 2019). Super

constructed the concept of career development as a process. Super's theory is

referred to as a life span-life-space approach (Brown, et al., 2019). Vocational

maturity or career maturity refers to the ability of a person to master a task or

behavior as expected of such an individual at a certain development stage. It

asses the maturity level of individuals development with respect to careers

(Osipow, 2021). Vocational maturity should include. He readiness to make

appropriate careers decisions (Kerka, 2019.p.2), according to super's, self-

concept changes over time, and develops as results of experience. As such,

career development is life- long.

Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) is latively theory that is aimed at

explaining three interrelated aspects of career development.:(1) How basic

academic and career interest develop (2) How educational and career choice are

made and (3) How academic and career success is obtained. The theory

incorporates a variety of concepts the interest, abilities and environment factors

that appears in earlier career theories and this have been found to affect career

development. Developed by Robert W. Lent. Steven D. Brown, and Gail Hackett

in 2021, SCCT is based on Albert Bandura's general social cognitive theory, an

influential theory of cognitive and motivational processes that has been extended

to the study of many areas of psychosocial functioning, such as academic

performance, health behavior, and organizational development Three intricately

linked variables self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, and goals-serve as

the basic building blocks of SCCT, Self-efficacy refers to an individual's personal

beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform particular behaviors or courses of

action. Unlike global confidence or self-esteem, self-efficacy beliefs are relatively

dynamic (ie., changeable) and are specific to particular activity domains. People

vary in their self-efficacy regarding the behaviors required in different

occupational domains. For example, one person might feel very confident in

being able to accomplish tasks for successful entry into, and performance in,

scientific fields but feel much less confident about his or her abilities in social or

enterprising fields, such as sales. SCCT assumes that people are likely to

become interested in, choose to pursue, and perform better at activities at which

they have strong self-efficacy beliefs. as long as they also have necessary skills

and environmental supports to pursue these activities.

The Social Learning Theory by Krumboltz is relevant to this study because

it includes environmental factors such as family, the leaming environment and

gender. Our behavior is shaped by beliefs about ourselves and how we relate to

society (Schnorr & Ware, 2001). According to Lavelle, Gordon, & Grove (2022),

people make assumptions and generalizations about themselves and the world

of work based on their limited experiences. In this case, students in high schools
have limited experiences to choose an appropriate career hence the need for a

counsellor and/or a supportive environments .

 Conceptual Paradigm

INPUT
PROCESS OUTPUT

- Senior High School

Students who have Distributing - Factors Influencing the
career indecision questionnaires to the Career Choices among
- Factors that influence sample group. and Grade 12 Senior High
to their career choices compilation of the School Students of
gathered data. Gonzalo Aler National
High School
Conceptual Framework

The input of the conceptual framework consists of the grade 12 senior

high school students who have career indecision, and the factors that influence

to their career. The process of the Conceptual Framework is consist of

distribution of questionnaires to the chosen respondents will be the key process

of the framework. The output of this study is consist of the Factors Influencing the

Career Choices Among Grade 12 Senior High School Students of Gonzalo Aler

National High School that data gathered will be compiled and tallied for the

benefit of the research.

Definition of Terms

Career- traditionally refers to a "professional work of life" and has been

associated with the terms vocation, occupation, work and job (Patton and

McMahon, as cited by Ghuangpeng, 2011). In this study, it refers to what the

students will take and focus on in Senior High School and in college.

Career Choice- the selection of a particular path or vocation in terms of

career. This is usually influenced by parental guidance, vocational counseling,

and training opportunities. It is also affected by personal preference and

identification with figures and role models.

Career Preference- refers to the choice of an individual in which he/she

chooses a course to acquire a job in the future (Braza and Guillo, 2015). In this

study, it is refers to students' chosen Senior High School track and

strand/specialization.

Decision-making- refers to the process of identifying and selecting a

solution to solve a problem (Al-Tarawneh, 2019). In this study, it refers to how

students weigh their options in making a career preference or choice.

Employability - refers to an individual's capacity to function effectively in a

role and be able to move between occupations (The University of Edinburgh,

2016). In this study, it refers to one of the factors which could influence the

Senior High School track and strand preference of students.

 Factors- The contributing possibility, outcome or result. The factors that

given in this research were emotional intelligence, parental influence, anxiety,

self-efficacy, emotional state, and self-esteem.

Influence- It is the effect and impact that affects the student who is in the

state of decision-making. Previously stated example are parental influence,

culture influence. Influence of peers and the influence of the current emotional

state.
Notes

Guapheng (2021). Factors that affect students' career choice in

accounting A case of Bahir Dar University students. Research Journal of Finance

and Accounting

(Edwards & Quinter, 2020) "Influences on school leavers career

decisions". The International Journal of Management

Super, Savicks and Super, as cited by Gavo, 2022) Factors inducing

career choice: Comparative study of five leading professions in Pakistan.

Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 8(3): 830-845.

Pafili and Mylonakis (2011) Impact of educational aspirations on

vocational choices of the female secondary school students on Ondo West local

Government area of Ondo State, Nigeria European Scientific Journal.

According to Lavelle, Gordon, & Grove (2022) Social influence and

occupational knowledge as predictors of career choice intentions among

undergraduate students in Tanzania. International Journal of Learning &

Development.

Pummel, Harwood and Lavallee (2019). Do Tanzanian undergraduate

students choose or hunt for their degree programmers International Journal of

Higher Education.
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Methodology involves a brief description of the research design to be used

including the justification why it is the best method for the study. This chapter

covers a comprehensive description of the Methodology which includes

Research Design, Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique,

Descriptive of Respondents, , Data Gathering Procedure, Research Instrument

and Statistical Treatment of Data.

Research Design

This is a Quantitative type of research to determine the factors influencing

the career choices among Grade 12 Senior High School Students of Gonzalo

Aler National High School in Academic Year 2023-2024.

The researchers used descriptive-evaluative type of research. Descriptive

research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or

phenomenon (Shona, M., 2019 ). This study used the descriptive-quantitative

design to find out the factors influencing the career choices among Grade 12

Senior high school students of Gonzalo Aler National High School. According to

Pritha (2021), a Questionnaire is a list of questions or items used to gather data

from respondents about their attitudes, experiences, or opinions. Then, data

were collected using survey questionnaire, structured and close-ended

questionnaires.
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique

This research is participated only by the Grade 12 students of the Gonzalo

Aler National High School, Alayao Capalonga Camarines Norte, School Year

2023-2024. In quantitative research the researcher use the Slovin’s Formula in

order to be our main respondents. The respondents is composed of 18 students

in GAS A, 24 in GAS B , 27 in HUMSS , 17 in HE and 18 in ICT with the total of

104 respondents.

Descriptive of the Respondents

The respondents of this research were students of Gonzalo Aler National

High School. The respondents will come to learners from the Grade 12 student

that will assist with the researcher of this study. The purpose of the study's topic

is to provide the researchers with information and understanding regarding the

factors influencing the career choices among students of Gonzalo Aler National

High School. The respondents are from all Stands.

Data Gathering Procedures

In the data gathering procedure, the researchers followed a systematics

step so as to come up systematically on the data needed. The researcher asked

the permission from the School Principal of the Gonzalo Aler National High

School to sign the permission letter in order to the researcher to conduct the
study. The researchers used survey questionnaires and distributed it personally

to the respondents. The survey questionnaires would help the researcher to

explain the factors affecting the student’s career choice. The respondents were

held anonymous and at the same time answers were held confidential in respect

to their privacy.

Research Instrument

In order to obtain accurate information, the researchers used research

questionnaires checklist to expedite the collection of information from

respondents. This research is treed on their previous studies Researcher's also

use the Statement of the Problem SOP dissemination of information to properly

answer the questions sought in this Research. The study will help respondents

to learn about the Factors Influencing their Career Choice that they apply to their

school and the differences that they need to meet.

The researchers use a survey questionnaire that contains questions

relevant to research carried out. It is used to properly capture the date. The

survey questionnaire contains only close ended questions. The closed ended

questions do not need to expand the answer of the respondents rather than

simply have to buy the options given by the researches.

The survey questionnaire is divided into two parts, first is the demographic

profile of the respondents secondi is the survey about the subject studied in the

research. The survey questionnaire will be a way for the students to identify the

factors influencing their career choices that will help them.

Statistical Treatment of Data

To analyze and interpret the data, the researcher employed the following

statistical procedure:

1. Percentage

This was used to calculate the profile of the respondents.

Formula: P = f/N x 100

P = Percentage

F = Frequency

N = Number of cases

100 = (Constant value)

2. Weighted Mean

Formula:

Mean = Sum of Observation + Total Number of Observation

n = N/1+Ne

N = Sample size

N = Population size

e = Margin of error 5% (0.05)

3. Slovin’s Formula

Formula:

N = N/1+Ne

N = Sample size

N = Population size

E = Margin of error 5% (0.05)

Notes

McCombes, Shona (2019). Descriptive research. Retrieved on September 28, 2019 from

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/

Pritha, ((2021, July 7) An Introduction to Correlational Research. Scribbr.

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/correlational-research/

Gravetter, F. J., & Forzano, L. B. (2012). Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences

(4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

 CHAPTER IV

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation

Tubular Data:

Demographic Profile of the Respondents

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Strand

1.4 Monthly Income

1.1 Age

Age Range Frequency Percentage

16-17 46 44%

18-19 39 37%

20-21 12 12%

22 above 7 7%

TOTAL 104 100%

The demographic profile shows that most of the respondents are aged 16-

17 with the frequency of 46 or 44 percent. Meanwhile, some are 18-19 with the
frequency of 39 or 37 percent ,some are 20-21 with the frequency of 12 or 12

percent and there are 7 respondents that 22 above years old.

1.2 Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 59 57%

Female 45 43%

TOTAL 104 100%

The demographic profile by gender shoes that the number of male and

female respondents is far off; the number of male respondents are greater than

the female respondents. The male has 68 respondents, while the female has 44

respondents with the total of

1.3 Strand

Strand Frequency Percentage

GAS 42 40%

HUMSS 27 26%

ICT 18 15%

HE 17 14%

TOTAL 104 100%

The demographic profile of strand show that the most of the respondents

who answered are from the GAS students with the frequency of 42 (40%). While
the respondents from HUMSS has the frequency of 27 (26%). However the

respondents from ICT and HE are far off . The ICT respondents has the

frequency of 18 (15%) and the HE respondents have the frequency of 17 (14%).

1.4 Monthly Income

Monthly Income Frequency Percentage

5,000 – 7,000 38 37%

8,000 – 10,000 43 41%

11,000 – 15,000 above 23 22%

TOTAL 104 100%

The demographic profile of monthly Income show that the most of the

respondents family monthly Income is 8,000 to 10,000 with the frequency of 43

or 41 percent. The second is 5,000 to 7,000 with the frequency of 38 or 37

percent. However there are 23 respondents or 22 percent that their family

monthly Income is 11,000 to 15,000 above.

Factors that influence the career choices of the students

2.1 Financial Consideration

2.2 Interest and Passion

2.3 Peers

2.4 Parental Influence

 2.5 Skills

2.6 Educational Resources

2.1 Financial Consideration

Q. 1 Frequency Percentage Rank

Strongly Agree 55 53% 1

Agree 12 12% 3

Neutral 7 7% 5

Strongly Disagree 20 18% 2

Disagree 10 9% 4

TOTAL 104 100%

In this table, it shows that most of the respondents strongly agree with the

frequency of 55 or 53 percent that financial consideration is one of the most

factors that influence their career choice. Meanwhile, some of the respondents

answered neutral with the frequency of 7 or 7 percent. However there are

respondents that answered disagree with the frequency of 10 or 9 percent.

2.2 Interest and Passion

Q. 2 Frequency Percentage Rank

Strongly Agree 44 42% 1

 Agree 15 15% 4

Neutral 19 18% 2

Strongly Disagree 17 16% 3

Disagree 9 9% 5

TOTAL 104 100%

It shows that most of the respondents answered strongly agree with the

highest frequency of 44 or 42 percent that one of factors that influence the career

choices is their interest and passion. However some respondents answered

disagree with the lowest frequency of 9 or 9 percent.

2.3 Peers

Q.3 Frequency Percentage Rank

Strongly Agree 49 47% 1

Agree 28 27% 2

Neutral 10 9% 3

Strongly Disagree 9 9% 3

Disagree 8 8% 4

TOTAL 104 100%

In this table it shows that most of the respondents answered strongly

agree with the frequency of 49 or 47 percent that peers is one of the factors that
influence their career choices. Moreover the lowest frequency that the

respondents answered is disagree with the frequency of 8 or 8 percent.

2.4 Parental Influence

Q4 Frequency Percentage Rank

Strongly Agree 53 51% 1

Agree 21 20% 2

Neutral 17 16% 3

Strongly Disagree 9 9% 4

Disagree 4 4% 5

TOTAL 104 100%

In this table, it shows that most of the respondents answered strongly agree that

Parental Influence is one of the factors that influence the career choices with the highest

frequency of 53 or 51 percent. Meanwhile the lowest frequency that the respondents

answered is disagree with the frequency of 4 or 4 percent.

2.5 Skills

Q.5 Frequency Percentage Rank

Strongly Agree 38 37% 1

Agree 17 16% 3

Neutral 29 28% 2

Strongly Disagree 14 13% 4

Disagree 6 6% 5
 TOTAL 104 100%

In this table it shows that most of the respondents answered strongly

agree with the frequency of 38 or 37 percent that skills is one of the most factors

that influence their career choices. The second highest frequency that the

respondents answered is neutral with the frequency of 29 or 28 percent.

However the least frequency that the respondents answered is disagree with the

frequency of 6 or 6 percent.

2.6 Educational Resources

Q.6 Frequency Percentage Rank

Strongly Agree 51 49% 1

Agree 10 9% 4

Neutral 21 20% 2

Strongly Disagree 10 9% 5

Disagree 12 11% 3

TOTAL 104 100%

In this table it shows that most of the respondents answered strongly

agree that educational Resources is one of the most factors that influence their
career choices with the frequency of 51 or 49 percent. Second is neutral with the

frequency of 21 or 20 percent. However the students who answered neutral has

the frequency of 21 or 20 percent. Meanwhile the students who answered Agree

and Strongly Disagree have the same frequency of 10 or 9 percent.

Recommendations can be given to address factors influencing career

choices among students.

3.1 Conduct a one day seminar about Career Choice

3.2 Educate students in terms of choosing a career in order to further

their Knowledge .

3.3 Creating a tarpaulin that contains ideas about Career Choices

3.4 Make an activity that enhances the career choices

3.1 Conduct a one day seminar about Career Choices

Recommendation 1 Frequency Percentage

Positive 89 86%

Negative 15 14%

TOTAL 104 100%

 The table shows that most of the respondents agree to conduct a one day

seminar about Career Choices with the frequency of 89 or 86 percent. However

some respondents are not agree with the frequency of 15 or 14 percent.

3.2 Educate students in terms of choosing a career choices in order to

further their knowledge

Recommendation 2 Frequency Percentage

Positive 65 63%

Negative 39 37%

TOTAL 104 100%

In second recommendation, most of the respondents agree with the frequency

of 65 or 63 percent to Educate students in terms of choosing a career choices to further

their knowledge while the 39 respondents or 37 percent are not agree.

3.3 Creating a tarpaulin that contains ideas about Career Choices

Recommendation 3 Frequency Percentage

Positive 59 57%

Negative 45 43%

TOTAL 104 100%

 In the third recommendation, most of the respondents agree with the

frequency of 59 or 57 percent in creating a tarpaulin that contains ideas about

Career Choices,they think that it will benefit and good idea. However some

respondents with the frequency of 45 or 43 percent are not agree with it.

3.4 Make an activity that enhances the career choices

Recommendation 4 Frequency Percentage

Positive 71 68%

Negative 33 32%

TOTAL 104 100%

Most of the respondents agree with the frequency of 71 or 68 percent in making

an activity that enhances the career choices while the 33 respondents or 32 percent are

not agree with it.

Recommendation Frequency Percentage Rank

Recommendation 1 89 86% 1

Recommendation 2 65 63% 3

Recommendation 3 59 57% 4

Recommendation 4 71 68% 2

The table shows that most of the respondents with the highest frequency

of 89 or 86 percent choose to have a one day seminar about Career Choices,

followed by Making an activity that enhances the career choices with the

frequency of 71 or 68 percent. However the least rank is the third

recommendation that creating a tarpaulin that contains ideas about Career

Choices with the frequency of 59 or 57 percent.

Chapter V

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

Summary of the Findings

This study focused on the factors influencing the career choices among

Grade 12 Senior High School Students of Gonzalo Aler National High. To

comprehend this end, the following objectives were answered: 1) Demographic

profile of the respondents in terms of age ,gender, strand and monthly income; 2)

Identify the factors that influence the career choices of the Grade 12 Senior High

School Students; 3) Determine what recommendation can be made to address

factors influencing the career choices.

Base on the results in Chapter 4, most of the respondents who answered

are aged 16-17 years old, with the highest frequency of 46 or 44 percent, while

the lowest number of respondents who answered are aged 22 above, with the

lowest frequency of 7 or 7 percent. When it comes to gender , there are more

male respondents with the frequency of 59 or 57 percent, while female

respondents have a frequency of 45 or 43 percent. The respondents of this

research study, which are Grade 12 students, are divided into five sections; it

consist of 104 target respondents. In the Likert scale indicators, the researchers

found out that the most factors that influence the career choices among senior

high school students is financial consideration, many respondents answered

strongly agree with the frequency of 55 or 53 percent, Secondly is Parental

Influence with the frequency of 53 or 51 percent, third is educational Resources

with the frequency of 51 or 49 percent. However some respondents agree with

the factors of peers with the frequency of 49 or 47 percent. Meanwhile some

respondents believe that the factors influence their career choices is their interest

and passion with the frequency of 44 or 42 percent. And the most least frequency

that the respondents answered is the Factors of skills with the frequency of 38 or

37 percent.
 Choosing a great career is a challenging task because it should satisfy

your emotional and financial needs.What one person considers a great career

may not be so great for another. Choosing a great career requires much thought,

time, diligence and a calculating approach. When it comes to determining the

career you want to follow, it is important for you to take many things into

consideration. You have to analyse your interests and determine if you have the

skills needed to pursue those interests, among other things.Students must

consider various factors, Considering financial in choosing their career is one of

the most important thing should do. However its good to choose your interest and

passion that througly near on your heart.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that the students

considered their social status. Most of the respondents noticed some problems,

some difficulty with their personal problem and financial problem. Moreover some

respondents are more interested in their chosen major. Exploring things in work,
students decide their choice of career and of the reason; they want to learn

something out of their discovery, exploration and curiosity. Students find their

choice during their childhood a framework to their future career. It serves as their

guide to the path they’ll pursue for their life. Despite of their Interest and Passion

they have difficulties in pursuing their chosen career, with the reason of financial

consideration and Educational Resources. However they are following the wants

of their family and sometimes with the influence of their friends.

In the development of this study, the researchers noticed that Career

selection is among many important choices students will make in determining

plans. This decision will impact them throughout their lives. Numerous students

make decisions based on personal preferences and consider many factors such

as financial consideration, family influence, peers, interest and passion,

educational Resources and their skills.

Recommendations

The following are offered based on the findings and conclusion of the study.

• The researchers recommend and should provide seminars to enhance the

awareness of students regarding the Factors Influencing the Career Choices.

• The researchers recommend and should have parental guidance. This will help

students to monitor their behavior and attitude in choosing their career.

• The researchers recommend to Educate students in terms of choosing a career

in order to further their knowledge.

• The researchers recommend to create a tarpaulin that contains ideas about

Career Choices and make an activity that enhances the career choices.

• The researchers highly recommend that the future researchers, the incoming

Grade 12 to seek further study and cope up with a complex way to ensure the

students can now understand the Factors that will influence on their career

choices.

Research Questionnaire

Factors Influencing the Career Choices Among Grade 12 Senior High School
Students of Gonzalo Aler National High School

Part l. Demographic profile of the respondents

Instruction: Please respond to the following questions by placing a check mark (✓) in the
answer box corresponding to your response and/or filling in the blank where indicated.

Age : ⬜ 16-17 ⬜ 18-19 ⬜ 20-21 ⬜ 22 & above

Gender : ____ M ____ F

Strand :

⬜ GAS

⬜ HUMSS

⬜ ICT

⬜ HE

Monthly Income : ________

Part ll. Factors that influence the career choices of the students

Instruction: Using the scale and indicator below, please check the box that best describes
your perception: (1- Strongly Agree; 2-Agree; 3-Neutral; 4-Disagree; 5-Strongly
Disagree)

Factors 1 2 3 4 5
1. Financial Consideration
2. Interest and Passion
3. Peers
4. Parental Influence
5. Skills
6. Educational Resources
Part III. Recommendations can be given to address factors influencing career
choices among students.

Instruction: Check (✓) the appropriate statement that you prefer to recommend to the
researcher.

___ Conduct a one-day seminar about Career Choice

___ Educate students in terms of choosing a career in order to further their knowledge

___ Creating a tarpaulin that contains ideas about Career Choices

___ Make an activity that enhances the career choices