SECTION

[The 10th ICPH] Topic III

Maternal and Child Health
 THE EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION MODULE
ON MOTHER'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT
POSTPARTUM EXERCISES

Eny Retna Ambarwati1), Hadi Ashar 2), Esti Nugraheny3),

Arita Muwarni4), Murgi Handari5)
1)Shool of Health Sciences Akbidyo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2)Center for Public Health and Nutrition Research,
National Research and Innovation Agency
3)Center for Public Health and Nutrition Research,

National Research and Innovation Agency

4)Surya Global College of Health Sciences
5)Shool of Health Sciences Wira Husada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Background: During this postpartum period, the postpartum mother will experience
many changes in her body, one of which is uterine involution, which is the process of the
uterus returning to its normal state before pregnancy. Health counseling with module
media is one method to improve maternal knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the
increase in knowledge after health education on puerperal gymnastics.
Methods: This was a pseudo-experimental study with one group pre-posttest design
conducted at Ambarketawang District, Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia from July to
December 2022. A total of 30 postpartum mothers were selected for this study. The
dependent variable was knowledge. The independent variable was the health education
module. The data were collected using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by paired
t-test.
Results: Knowledge score after health counseling with education module (Mean= 7.73;
SD= 1.08) was higher than before (Mean= 6.63; SD= 2.57), and it was statistically
significant/not significant (p= 0.001)
Conclusion: The health education module is effective in improving the knowledge of
post-partum mothers.

Keywords: health education, module, postpartum gymnastics, knowledge, post-

partum mother.

Correspondence:
Eny Retna Ambarwati. Shool of Health Sciences Akbidyo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Jl.
Parangtritis KM.6, Bantul 55188, Yogyakarta. Email: enyretna@gmail.com. Mobile:
+6288806027754.

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https://doi.org/10.26911/ICPH10/Maternal/2023.21
 EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE
IN PREGNANT WOMEN ON LOW BIRTH
WEIGHT: META-ANALYSIS

Anisa Ikhlasani Nur Istiqomah, Bhisma Murti

Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia.

ABSTRACT

Background: Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy among non-

smoking women is associated with mortality and morbidity risks in infants. The content
of cigarette smoke can cause hypoxia in the fetus and cause a decrease in umbilical blood
flow, causing growth disorders in the fetus which have an impact on low birth weight
(LBW) babies. This study aimed to estimate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure in
pregnant women on the risk of LBW.
Subjects and Method: This meta-analysis was conducted using the PRISMA flow
diagram and a PICO research question. Population: Pregnant women. Intervention:
Exposed to cigarette smoke. Comparison: Not exposed to cigarette smoke. Outcome:
LBW. The articles were searched from databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Science
Direct, BMC, PMC, and Springer Link. Keywords used "cigarette" AND "low birth
weight" AND "smoking" AND "low birth weight” AND “cross-sectional". The inclusion
criteria included were full-text paper, cross-sectional study, multivariate analysis with
adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR). The articles were analyzed using RevMan 5.3.
Results: Meta-analysis included five cross-sectional primary studies from Australia,
Switzerland, France, and the United States. The total sample size is 224,862 pregnant
women. Pregnant women who were exposed to cigarette smoke had the risk of giving
birth to children with LBW 3.23 compared to those not exposed to cigarette smoke
(aOR= 3.23; 95% CI= 1.61 to 6.48; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Pregnant women who are exposed to cigarette smoke have the risk of
giving birth to children with LBW.

Keywords: cigarette smoke, pregnant women, low birth weight.

Correspondence:
Anisa Ikhlasani Nur Istiqomah, Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas
Maret. Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: nurikhlasani-
@gmail.com Mobile: +6282132133064.

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 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCREEN TIME
AND SLEEP DURATION AMONG
OBESE ADOLESCENTS: META-ANALYSIS

Viola Holly Flora

Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

ABSTRACT

Background: Management of obesity in adolescents should routinely include intensive

care regarding lifestyle and diet, with consideration of ant-obesity medication and
bariatric surgery if indicated. Obesity in adolescents has become a focus of global
attention because of its impact on long-term health. This study aimed to estimate the
relationship between sleep duration and screen time with the risk of obesity among
adolescents.
Subjects and Method: This meta-analysis was conducted using a PICO research
question. Population: Adolescents. Intervention: Screen time ≥2 hours/day and sleep
duration <8-10 hours/day. Comparison: Sleep duration 8-10 hours/day and screen time
<2 hours/day. Outcome: Obesity. The articles were searched from databases PubMed,
Google Scholar, and Scopus. Keywords used “Sleep duration” AND “Screen Time” AND
“Adolescent” AND “Obesity”. The inclusion criteria included were full-text paper, cross-
sectional and cohort study from 2013 to 2023. The article was analyzed using Review
Manager 5.3.
Results: The meta-analysis included 24 cross-sectional studies from Asia, Africa,
Europe, and America. Screen time ≥2 hours/day was associated with the risk of obesity
1.11 times compared to screen time <2 hours/day (aOR= 1.11; 95%CI= 1.09 to 1.14;
p<0.001) and adolescents with sleep duration <8-10 hours/day had a risk of obesity 1.24
times compared to sleep duration ≥8-10 hours/day (aOR= 1.24 95%CI= 1.12 to 1.37;
p<0.001). Twelve cohort studies from Asia, Europe and America. Screen time ≥2
hours/day was associated with the risk of obesity 1.12 times compared to screen time <2
hours/day (aOR= 1.12; 95%CI= 1.07 to 1.17; p<0.001), and adolescents with sleep
duration <8-10 hours/day had a risk of obesity 1.20 times compared to sleep duration
≥8-10 hours/day (aOR= 1.20; 95%CI= 1.10 to 1.31; p<0.001). Overall effect showed that
screen time ≥2 hours/day was associated with the risk of obesity 1.12 times compared to
screen time <2 hours/day Screen time (aOR= 1.12; 95%CI= 1.09 to 1.14; p<0.001), and
adolescents with sleep duration <8-10 hours/day had a risk of obesity 1.20 times
compared to sleep duration ≥8-10 hours/day sleep duration (aOR= 1.22; 95%CI= 1.14 to
1.30; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Longer screen time and shorter sleep duration are associated with an
increased risk of obesity in adolescents.

Keywords: sleep duration, screen time, obesity, adolescence.

Correspondence:
Viola Holly Flora. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir.
Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: violahollyflora@gmail.-
com Mobile: +6282225559030.

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 META-ANALYSIS: EFFECT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
ON THE RISK OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION

Diyah Nawangwulan1), Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari2), Bhisma Murti1)

1)Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

2)Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret

ABSTRACT

Background: Domestic violence is described as any behavior by a current or former

spouse that causes physical, emotional, or sexual harm. Women are more often
susceptible to domestic violence. According to the World Health Organization, domestic
violence affects one in every three women over their lifetime. This study aimed to
estimate the effect of domestic violence on the risk of postpartum depression.
Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis conducted by following the PRISMA
diagram and research questions formulated in PICO format. Population: Postpartum
mothers. Intervention: Domestic violence. Comparison: No domestic violence. Outcome:
Postpartum depression. PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus were
searched for published cross-sectional studies. Keywords used include: “domestic
violence” OR “intimate partner violence” AND “Depression” AND “Post Partum”. Data
of adjusted odds ratio from cross-sectional studies were calculated using Revman 5.3.
Results: The meta-analysis included 9 cross-sectional studies from Malaysia,
Bangladesh, and Ethiopia. The total sample was 10,628 postpartum mothers. Domestic
violence increased the risk of depression in postpartum mothers (aOR= 3.87; 95% CI=
3.06 to 4.89; p< 0.001).
Conclusion: Domestic violence increases the risk of depression in postpartum mothers.

Keywords: domestic violence, depression, postpartum mothers.

Correspondence:
Diyah Nawangwulan. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl.
Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: diyahnawang@-
gmail.com. Mobile: +62 813-4892-7857.

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 NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN FEMALE
ADOLESCENTS DURING COVID-19

Sri Sulasmi, Windy Tri Yuana

National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Background: During adolescence, a body undergoes hormonal changes, weight gain or

loss, growth, and physical changes. Rapid growth and development need increased
nutrition and energy intake. Undernutrition may contribute to being underweight, poor
performance at school, poor general health, pregnancy and birth complications, and less
economic productivity. This study aimed to describe of nutritional status among female
adolescents in Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan, during the COVID-19
pandemic.
Subjects and Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in
Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan, in 2021. A total of 420 female students at the
junior and senior high schools in Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan, were
selected for this study. The dependent variables were body weight, chronic energy
deficiency, and hemoglobin. Body weight was measured by weight scale. Chronic energy
deficiency was measured by middle upper arm circumference. Hemoglobin level was
measured by Hemoque Hb 201. The data were described in percent.
Results: Among the junior high school students, 50% were underweight, 30% had
chronic energy deficiency, and 30% had anemia. Among the senior high school students,
40% were underweight, 20% had chronic energy deficiency, and 40% had anemia.
Conclusion: Nutritional status assessment showed a considerable percentage of
undernutrition among adolescents in Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan, during
the COVID-19 pandemic (in 2021). These findings call for attention and corrective action
from the health authority.

Keywords: nutritional status, underweight, female adolescent

Correspondence:
Sri Sulasmi. National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. Cibinong Science
Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Pakansari, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia.
Email: sri.sulasmi@brin.go.id. Mobile: + 085651003370.

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 MIDWIFE COMPLIANCE IN ANTENATAL CARE STANDARD
TO PREVENT STUNTING IN TULUNGAGUNG

Diadjeng Setya Wardani1), Sri Andarini2), Rismaina Putri1),

Miftahul Jannah1)
1)Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine,
Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
2) Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine,

Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Background: Antenatal care is the care you get from health professionals during
pregnancy. Antenatal care standard ensures the health of pregnant woman with early
detection of risk factors, prevention, and treatment provided by competent health
practitioners. Stunting is the impaired growth and development that children experience
from poor nutrition, repeated infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. This
study aimed to analyze midwife compliance in antenatal care to prevent stunting in
Tulungagung.
Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tulungagung, East
Java, from June to July 2022. A total of 76 midwives were selected by purposive
sampling. The dependent variable was midwife compliance in implementing antenatal
care standards. The independent variables were the midwife’s competency incompe-
tence, clarity of standard operational procedure (SOP), midwife's understanding, moti-
vation, years of service, age, and facility. The data were collected by questionnaire and
analyzed by logistic regression test.
Results: Midwife’s competency incompetence (OR = 0.48; 95% CI= 0.22 to 1.03; p=
0.117), years of service (OR= 3.44; 95% CI= 1.43 to 7.34; p= 0.037), age (OR= 2.70; 95%
CI= 1.11 to 6.84), facility (OR= 0.56; 95 CI = 1.32 to 1.02; p= 0.102), although it was non-
statistically significant. Midwife’s Motivation (OR = 6.12; 95% CI= 1.15 to 31.22; p =
0.027), clarity of SOP (OR = 8.82; 95% CI= 2.23 to 28.11; p = 0.037), and understanding
of stunted (OR = 9.27; 95% CI= 3.80 to 22.64; p<0.001) affects midwife compliance in
implementing antenatal care standard in Tulungagung.
Conclusion: Motivation, clarity of SOP, and understanding of stunting affect midwives'
compliance in implementing antenatal care standards in Tulungagung.

Keywords: compliance, standard service, antenatal, stunting, midwife.

Correspondence:
Diadjeng Setya Wardani. Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Univeritas
Brawijaya. Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia. Email: diadjeng_wardani-
@ub.ac.id. Mobile: 085755540404.

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 APPLICATION OF HEALTH BELIEF MODEL IN
PREDICTING COMPLETENESS OF BASIC CHILD IMMUNIZATION
IN MANOKWARI DISTRICT, PAPUA BARAT, INDONESIA

Priscilla Jessica Pihahey, Hasriyanti Romadhoni F

School of Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Sorong, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Background: Immunization is the most effective public health effort in preventing

diseases and reducing mortality. According to the Health Belief Model (HBM), the
completeness of child immunization is determined by constructs of HBM, including
perceptions of susceptibility, seriousness, benefit, and barrier. This study aimed to
determine the association between maternal perception of child illness and completeness
of child basic immunization in Manokwari district, Papua Barat, Indonesia.
Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted in the Manokwari
district, Papua Barat from July to August 2023. A total of 96 parents who had infants
aged 0-9 months were selected using fixed disease sampling. Samples were divided into
two groups. Group with incomplete immunization cases (n=24) and group with complete
immunization (n=72). The dependent variable was the completeness of the child's basic
immunization. The independent variables were maternal perceived susceptibility,
perceived seriousness, perceived threats, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. The
data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using chi-square along with odds ratio
(OR) as the measure of association.
Results: The completeness of basic immunization increased with high perceived
susceptibility (OR=7.14; CI 95%= 2.08 to 33.33; p<0.001), high perceived seriousness
(OR= 3.57; CI 95%= 1.23 to 11.11; p= 0.008), high perceived threats (OR= 3.13; CI 95%=
1.08 to 9.27; p=0.017), and high perceived benefits (OR= 3.64; CI 95%= 1.25 to 10.68;
p=0.007). The completeness of basic immunization decreased with the high perceived
barrier (OR= 0.31; CI 95%= 0.91 to 0.11; p=0.015).
Conclusion: The completeness of child basic immunization increased with high
perceived susceptibility, high perceived seriousness, high perceived threats, and high
perceived benefits. The completeness of child basic immunization decreased with the
high perceived barrier.

Keywords: immunization, parent perception, children

Correspondence:
Priscilla Jessica Pihahey. Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Sorong. Jl. Basuki
Rahmat, Klawalu, Distrik Sorong Timur, Sorong 405037, Papua Barat. Email: pihahey-
priscilla@gmail.com. Mobile: +628114852336.

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 KNOWLEDGE AND INTERPERSONAL SKILLS REGARDING
THE EARLY DETECTION OF MIDWIFERY CASES:
A-MIX METHODS STUDY

Esti Nugraheny1), Yunefit Ulfa1), Nur Allailiyah2), Eny Retna Ambarwati3)

1)Center for Public Health and Nutrition Research,

National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia

2)Indonesian Midwives Association, Bantul districts. Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3)Akbidyo Schools of Health Science

ABSTRACT

Background: The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia remains high. Training
toward the early detection of midwifery cases is needed to improve the midwives' com-
petence and reduce the MMR. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and interpersonal
skills for early detection of midwifery cases and to determine the feasibility and benefits
of the training using the Modified Early Obstetric Warning Score (MEOWS) based on
participants' perceptions.
Subjects and Methods: This was a mixed-methods study conducted in Bantul,
Yogyakarta. A total of 60 from 242 state civil service midwives were selected by purposive
sampling. The dependent variable was knowledge, self-efficacy, and communication. The
independent variable was MEOWS Training (blended vs. online). The intervention
included 82 sessions receiving blended training (n=30) and receiving online MEOWS
training (n=30). The data were collected by knowledge questionnaires, a self-efficacy
scale, a communication scale, and FGD guidelines. Quantitative data were analyzed by
T-Test. Qualitative data were analyzed by thematic content analysis.
Results: Before intervention, the mean knowledge between blended training group
(Mean=64.50; SD=7.90) with self-efficacy (Mean=29.20; SD=4.40), and the online
training group (Mean=64.60; SD=14.60) with self-efficacy (Mean=29.80; SD= 5.50).
After intervention, the mean knowledge between blended training group (Mean=97.10;
SD=5.80) with self-efficacy (Mean=31.70; SD=5.80), and the online training group
(Mean=94.00; SD= 8.80) with self-efficacy (Mean=31.70; SD=4.20) improved in both
groups, and it was statistically significant. Midwife participants reported being more
engaged with the blended training, found it feasible and useful, and were keen for its
implementation to optimize the early detection of midwifery cases.
Conclusion: Although both blended and online training were effective in increasing
knowledge and self-efficacy regarding the early detection of midwifery cases, However,
blended training is more feasible based on the participants' perceptions. Continuous
evaluation is needed to determine retention and the long-term impact of service quality.

Keywords: Midwife, early detection, training programs, health knowledge,

interpersonal skills.

Correspondence:
Esti Nugraheny. Center for Public Health and Nutrition Research, National Research and
Innovation Agency. Cibinong Science Center, Jl Raya Jakarta-Bogor Pakansari,
Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16915, Indonesia. Email: esti.nugraheny@brin.go.id.
Mobile: 085868178022.

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 DETERMINANTS AND INEQUALITIES OF ADHERENCE
TO IRON-FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION
DURING PREGNANCY IN INDONESIA

Bunga A Paramashanti1), Esti Nugraheny1), Suparmi1),

Tin Afifah1), Wahyu Pudji Nugraheni1), Yuni Purwatiningsih1), Oktarina1),
Muhammad Agus Mikrajab1), Effatul Afifah2), Yhona Paratmanitya3)

1)Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition,

National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia.

2)Alma Ata Graduate School of Public Health, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
3)Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences,

Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

ABSTRACT

Background: Anemia in pregnancy remains a public health issue globally and in

Indonesia. Low adherence to iron-folic acid supplementation has been associated with
anemia among pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the determinants and
inequalities of adherence to antenatal iron-folic acid supplementation in Indonesia.
Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from
the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017. A total of 12,455 women were
included in the study. The dependent variable was adherence to iron-folic acid supple-
ments for at least 90 days. The independent variables were women, household, health-
care, and community levels. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis.
Concentration indices and concentration curves were used to estimate educational and
wealth-related inequalities.
Results: Approximately half of women took iron-folic acid supplements for a minimum
of 90 days. Older women (aOR= 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.02; p= 0.009), internet access
(aOR= 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.50; p<0.001), antenatal care visits (aOR= 3.80; 95% CI:
2.95 to 4.88; p<0.001), and residing in Java and Bali (aOR= 1.66; 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.04;
p<0.001) were significantly associated with iron-folic acid supplementation adherence.
Concentration indices by the women’s education (CI=0.10; p<0.001) and household
wealth (CI=0.13 (p<0.001) respectively indicated pro-educated and pro-rich disparities.
Conclusion: Adherence to iron-folic acid supplementation was associated with factors
at women, household, healthcare, and community levels. while there are also socio-
economic inequalities. There is an urgent need to design nutrition-specific and sensitive
interventions to reduce maternal anemia by targeting women and their families,
especially those with poor socioeconomic backgrounds.

Keywords: iron-folic acid supplementation, demographic and health survey,

inequalities

Correspondence:
Bunga A Paramashanti. Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National
Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). BJ Habibie Building MH. Thamrin Street No.
8, Menteng, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia. Email: pshanti.bunga@gmail.com. Mobile:
081226489988.

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 SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY AND INFORMATION
MOTIVATION BEHAVIOR SKILL MODEL IN PREDICTING
MATERNAL BEHAVIOR FOR HEALTHY CHILD DEVELOPMENT

Ida Nursanti1,3), Bhisma Murti2), Sri Mulyani1)

1)Doctoral
Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
2)Master’s
Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
3)Department of Nursing, Universitas Jenderal Ahmad Yani, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Background: The early years of a child’s life are crucial for their health and develop-
ment. Healthy development means that children can develop all their abilities according
to their ages with the fulfillment of their social, emotional, and educational needs. A
mother has an extremely important role to play in boosting the child’s development. This
study aimed to investigate the effect of psychosocial factors affecting maternal behavior
toward healthy child development, using the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and
Information Motivation Behavior Skill model (IMB).
Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Yogyakarta. A
total sample of 400 mothers who had children under five was selected for this study. The
independent variables included: (1) Constructs taken from SCT like self-efficacy,
outcome expectation, and family support; (2) Constructs taken from IMB like informa-
tion and behavioral skill. The dependent variable was maternal behavior for child
development. All variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by
path analysis on Stata 13.
Results: Maternal behavior for child development was positively and directly affected
by self-efficacy (b= 0.21; p <0.001), family support (b= 0.13; p= 0.014), information (b=
0.02; p= 0.033), and behavior skill (b= 0.03; p <0.001). Maternal behavior was
positively and indirectly affected by outcome expectations and information. Goodness of
fit of the path analysis (p= 0.234; RMSEA= 0.03; TFI= 0.99; TLI= 0.99).
Conclusion: Maternal behavior for child development is positively and directly affected
by self-efficacy, family support, information, and behavioral skills. Maternal behavior is
positively and indirectly by outcome expectations and information.

Keywords: social cognitive theory, information motivation behavior, maternal

behavior, child development.

Correspondence:
Ida Nursanti. Department of Nursing, Universitas Jenderal Ahmad Yani. Jl. Sriwijaya,
Ringroad Barat, Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55294, DIY, Indonesia.
Email: nursantida@gmail.com. Mobile: 081225412615.

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 THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MATERNAL KNOWLEDGE,
INCOME LEVEL, AND THE RISK OF STUNTING IN
CHILDREN IN MEDAN, SUMATERA UTARA

Putri Ayu Sianturi1), Eka Samuel Parulian Hutasoit2),

Sanggam Bangun Hutagalung3)
1)Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia
2)Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia
3)Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine,

Universitas Methodist Indonesia

ABSTRACT
Background: Stunting is an important public health problem in developing countries.
Stunting is a complex multifactorial phenomenon that has many contributing factors.
This study aimed to determine the relationships between maternal knowledge, income
level, and the risk of stunting in children in Medan, Sumatera Utara.
Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sunggal
Community Health Center, Medan, North Sumatera. A total of 55 children under five
were selected for this study who were visiting the Community Health Center. The
independent variables included maternal knowledge and income level. The dependent
variable was stunting. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-
Square with odds ratio (OR) as the measure of effect.
Results: Low knowledge (OR= 41.55; 95% CI= 4.72 to 365.78; p=0.005) and income
level (OR= 5.60; 95% CI= 1.31 to 23.85; p= 0.019) were associated with an increased risk
of stunting.
Conclusion: Low knowledge and income level were associated with an increased risk
of stunting.

Keywords: maternal, knowledge, income level, stunting, children

Correspondence:
Putri Ayu Sianturi. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Jl. Setia Budi
Pasar II No.85, Tanjung Sari, Medan Selayang, Medan 20132, Sumatera Utara.
Indonesia. Email: putriayusianturi4gmail.com. Mobile:081379058830.

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 THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MATERNAL KNOWLEDGE,
ATTITUDE, AND BEHAVIOR WITH STUNTING PREVENTION

Yustika Aprilia Ritonga1), Ivonne R.V.O. Situmeang2), Thomas Silangit3)

1)Student of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia

2)Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia
3)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Background: Stunting is a big problem because it can result in high mortality rates,
failure to thrive, cognitive and motoric problems in children, risk of obesity, and sub-
optimal learning achievement. In theory, knowledge and attitude affect health behavior.
This study aimed to determine the relationships between maternal knowledge, attitudes,
and behavior toward stunting prevention.
Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Bandar
Khalipah Community Health Center, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. A total of 52 mothers
were selected for this study. The dependent variable was behavior toward stunting
prevention. The independent variables were maternal knowledge and attitudes. The data
were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Chi-square.
Results: The probability of good maternal behavior toward stunting prevention
increased with good maternal knowledge (OR= 1.56; 95% CI= 0.38 to 6.38; p= 0.709)
and decreased with negative attitude (OR= 0.31; 95% CI= 0.04 to 2.73; p= 0.420), but
they were statistically non-significant.
Conclusion: Behavior toward stunting prevention increases with good maternal
knowledge and decreases with negative attitude but they are statistically non-significant.

Keywords: knowledge, attitude, behavior, mother, stunting, children.

Correspondence:
Yustika Aprilia Ritonga. Student of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist
Indonesia. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Jl. Setia Budi Pasar 2
Tj. Sari, Medan Selayang, Medan, North Sumatera. Email: yustikaritonga@gmail.com
Mobile: 082160530674.

83 | The 10th International Conference on Public Health

The Alana Hotel, Surakarta (Solo), September 20-21, 2023
https://doi.org/10.26911/ICPH10/Maternal/2023.33
 THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MATERNAL
KNOWLEDGE, EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT,
AND EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING IN INFANTS

Nova Putri Ardinal Sinaga1), Maestro Bina Utama Simanjuntak1),

Eka Samuel Parulian Hutasoit2)
1)Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine,
Universitas Methodist Indonesia
2)Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine,

Universitas Methodist Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Background: Breast milk is an ideal food for babies, containing antibodies that help protect
against many common childhood diseases. Breast milk provides all the energy and nutrients
a baby needs in the first months of life. This study aimed to determine the relationships
between maternal knowledge, education, employment, and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in
infants.
Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Medan Sunggal
Community Health Center, from 24 June to 17 July 2023. A total of 67 lactating mothers were
selected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variable was EBF. The independent
variables were maternal knowledge, education, and employment. The data were collected by
questionnaires and analyzed using a chi-square with Odds Ratio as the measure of association.
Results: The likelihood of EBF practice increased with unemployed mothers (OR= 3.88;
95%CI= 1.37 to 11.53; p=0.010), high maternal knowledge (OR= 5.48; 95% CI= 1.66 to 21.57;
p=0.003) and high maternal education (OR= 5.06; 95% CI= 1.44 to 20.73; p=0.010), and they
were statistically significant.
Conclusion: The likelihood of EBF practice increases with unemployed mothers, high
maternal knowledge, and high maternal education.

Keywords: breast milk, knowledge, education, employment, lactating mothers.

Correspondence:
Nova Putri Ardinal Sinaga. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Jl. Setia
Budi Pasar 2, Tanjung Sari, Medan Selayang, Medan, North Sumatera. Email: ardinal.sinaga-
@gmail.com. Mobile: 081263128911.

The 10th International Conference on Public Health | 84

The Alana Hotel, Surakarta (Solo), September 20-21, 2023
https://doi.org/10.26911/ICPH10/Maternal/2023.34
 PREVALENCE OF SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS
INFECTION IN STUNTED CHILDREN IN SUNGGAL
AND SELAYANG DISTRICTS

Titus Imanuel1), Endy Juli Anto1), Inda Meirani Sinaga2)

1)Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine,
Universitas Methodist Indonesia
2)Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine,

Universitas Methodist Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections are widely distributed

throughout the tropics and subtropics. STH is often found in unsanitary environments
and is transmitted to people with poor hygiene conditions. STH causes nutritional loss,
including stunting and wasting in children under 5 years old. This study aimed to
describe the prevalence of STH infection in stunted children.
Subjects and Method: This was a descriptive study carried out in Sunggal and
Selayang Districts, North Sumatera, Indonesia, from 31 May to 12 July 2023. A total of
32 stunted children were selected using the Slovin formula. The dependent variable was
STH infection. The independent variables were age and gender. The status of STH
infection was examined using stool examination by the Kato-Katz method. The data were
reported descriptively.
Results: The prevalence of STH infection was equally distributed by gender (50% male,
50% female). Seven of 32 stunted children (21.87%) were positively diagnosed with STH
infection.
Conclusion: 21.87% of stunted children in Sunggal and Selayang Districts were infected
by STH.

Keywords: soil-transmitted helminths, worms, stunting, children

Correspondence:
Titus Imanuel. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Jl. Setia Budi
Pasar 2 Tj. Sari, Medan Selayang, Medan, North Sumatera. Email: titusimanuel78-
@gmail.com. Mobile: 081269360892.

85 | The 10th International Conference on Public Health

The Alana Hotel, Surakarta (Solo), September 20-21, 2023
https://doi.org/10.26911/ICPH10/Maternal/2023.35