JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

APPLICATIONS
e-ISSN: 2716-6201 JAMEA
Vol. 0 No. 0 (YEAR) 1-6
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/jamea

Solar energy based charging stations for electric vehicles

in Bangladesh
Md. Yousup Ali1, Second Author2*, Third Author1
1
Instructor, Automobile,TTC ,Narail
Bureau of Manpower Employment and Training,Dhaka-1000,Bangladesh.
2
Author Affiliation, Department/Faculty/Unit
Organization/Institution Address, City, Postcode, COUNTRY

*Corresponding Author: xxxx@xxxx.xxx

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30880/jamea.2024.00.00.000

Article Info Abstract

Received: Day Month Year These days, electric cars are much sought after in Bangladesh since they
Accepted: Day Month Year emit no greenhouse gases or smog from their tailpipes. Instead of using
Available online: Day Month Year fossil fuels like gasoline or diesel to recharge their batteries, electric
vehicles use electricity. Because they use less fuel and are more
efficient, charging an electric car is less expensive than filling it up with
Keywords
gasoline or diesel. There is a growing need for stable and long-lasting
Arduino; Electric Vehicles; Charging charging infrastructure or systems due to the rising demand for electric
Stations; Solar Panel vehicles. The goal of this study is to use renewable energy sources,
including solar electricity, to provide an easy-to-use and sustainable
way to charge electric automobiles. Additionally, an ESP8266 Wi-Fi
module, a solar panel, wireless charging coil modules, and an Arduino
microcontroller are used to make an electric vehicle charging station.

Introduction
As the world moves toward more sustainable development, electric cars (EVs) are becoming more and more
popular as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered automobiles. One of the
primary barriers to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is the lack of an adequate infrastructure
for charging them. This is how an intelligent solar plus Internet of things wireless charging solution for electric
vehicles is supposed to be used. Electric cars are becoming more accessible and convenient to drive thanks to
this innovative technology that allows for wireless charging. Renewable energy sources, like solar electricity,
power the system. An infrastructure for dependable and sustainable charging of electric vehicles is becoming
more and more necessary as they gain popularity. By 2025, there will be thirty million electric cars on the road,
up from two million in 2016, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance. This highlights how crucial a robust
charging infrastructure is to facilitating this expansion. One creative way to help address this requirement is
with the smart electric vehicle solar plus IoT wireless charging system. This method attempts to give EV owners
an easy and sustainable way to charge their vehicles using renewable energy sources, such solar electricity.

Related Work

A. Singh and colleagues [1] showcased results from the solar-powered electric vehicle charging station
design intended for the Indian market. The research was conducted based on the number of cars that are
charged annually, the monthly variance in energy generation, the cost of the investment, and the fact that 414
cars with 30 kWh battery capacity may be charged annually.

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J. of Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications Vol. 0 No. 0 (YEAR) p. 1-6 2

As a result, yearly CO2 emissions would be reduced by 7950 kg. In March or January, the equator is where
the most energy is produced, and in May or June, the Tropic of Cancer is where the most energy is produced.
Using monocrystalline modules results in increased energy generation and cost savings for the entire system.

Three distinct charging modes were included in the on-board charging system that Ataur Rahman et al.[2]
developed: slow charging for home use, medium charging for office parking lots, and fast charging for charging
stations on the road. The battery may be charged in 1.5 to 2.0 hours using the quick charging mode, which has a
maximum charging current of 50 A and an automatically engaged quick evaporative heat management system.
The quick charging system's performance has demonstrated that, by employing constant current mode instead
of constant voltage, the battery may be charged to 85% of its rated capacity, resulting in a 16% reduction in
battery charging time. However, battery life may be lowered by roughly 5% as a result of the battery's
electrochemical rapid redox reaction.
In terms of converter topologies, power levels, power flow orientations, and charging control strategies,
Brenna et al. [3] gave an overview of the current and suggested EV charging systems. The primary charging
strategies are also outlined, with the intention of emphasizing a quick and efficient procedure that will prolong
the life of lithium ion batteries while preserving a high level of charging efficiency. This paper's last section,
which follows the presentation of the key elements of charging technologies and tactics, uses a genetic algorithm
to estimate the ideal size of charging systems and values potential future trends in this area based on a careful
examination. A number of important topics were covered by Syed Asad Abbas Rizvi et al.[4], including
forecasting, power quality, and the impact of charging and discharging EVs on the grid. They also made
references to unclear topics in order to provide suggestions for other research fields. The distribution system is
the part of the power system that is most affected by EV integration, according to research studies associated
with the development. Extreme occurrences of transmission line congestion can affect transmission levels as
well as generating. Harmonic distortion and voltage imbalance are the main areas of study in power quality.
Rising power losses and node voltage decreases are a couple of the fringe problems. Many researches concurred
that only at higher degrees of EV integrated penetration would major implications on power quality become
apparent. The electricity system is most affected by EV charging in terms of load capacity, power quality, grid
economics, and environmental effects. Because they emit fewer CO2 emissions, EVs are better for the
environment.
An AC, DC, and wireless e-bike charging station powered by solar energy was studied by Chandra Mouli et al.
[5]. The charging station's inbuilt battery storage enables both off-grid and grid-connected operation. With the
bike kickstand acting as a receiver and a specifically made tile at the charging station acting as a transmitter, the
e-bike can be charged wirelessly by inductive power transfer, offering the rider optimal convenience.
In order to charge the batteries of electric vehicles with clean energy, Gheorghe Badea et al. [6] looked at the
possibilities of employing solar autochthonous renewable resources. We built, sized, and operationally
simulated a charging station for electric vehicles using photovoltaic panels and batteries as the primary
components. After optimizing the configuration of the solar system using the improved Hybrid Optimisation by
Genetic Algorithms (iHOGA) software version 2.4, we simulated its functioning. It is necessary to plan the solar
energy system so that there is always enough electricity at the charging station to power multiple electric
vehicles, seven days a week. After a year of operation, the system's energy, environmental, and economic
performance were the primary conclusions..
In light of stochastic power demand, T. S. Geetha et al. [7] presented a unique paradigm for capacity
development for electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) that is based on long-term planning and short-term
functional decisions. The microgrid is powered by microgas turbines, solar, wind, and energy storage devices. A
microgrid can receive energy from an EVCS, which is a vehicle-to-grid (V-G) system. A microgrid's wind turbine,
storage, and solar panel capacities can all be increased with careful planning for capacity augmentation.
Optimizing resource hourly operation and applying a five-year planning horizon, respectively, handled the
short- and long-term expansion challenges .It has been studied how the availability of different resources,
including solar, wind, and V-G power, affects system performance. Lastly, the suggested approach was tested
against three alternative algorithms, and the findings indicate that it performs better.

Proposed Methodology

The block diagram of the proposed system is shown in Fig. 1 below.The energy produced by the solar panel is
utilized to recharge the electric vehicle's battery. Upon approaching the energy station, the EV's IR sensor
recognizes its presence and signals the Arduino microcontroller. The energy station's wireless charging coil
module receives power when the microcontroller triggers the relay module. This creates a magnetic field that
causes the wireless charging coil module of the EV to conduct a current. The electric vehicle's coil module
receives the charge and subsequently supplies power to the rechargeable 3.7v battery. Additionally, the system
 3 J. of Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications Vol. 0 No. 0 (YEAR) p. 1-6

keeps track of the EV's charging progress and shows the voltage and battery level on the energy station's LCD
display. Additionally, users can remotely monitor the charging process thanks to the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module,
which transmits the car's status in the form of 0 and 1 to a Thingspeak account. The system has the ability to use
solar energy to charge the EV's battery if it is not completely charged. Sunlight is converted into power by the
solar panel, which is then utilized to charge the EV's battery.

Figure 1 Block diagram of Proposed System

The process of creating an SPBCSEV—a solar power-based charging station for electric vehicles—takes the
following forms.
• Requirement analysis: The hardware and software components needed for an effective and long-lasting EV
charging system were determined.
• Design of Hardware and Software: We designed the hardware and software for the system, which comprised
the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, wireless charging coil modules, solar panel, and Arduino microcontroller.
• System implementation: The software and hardware components were written by us.
• Testing: We conducted a range of functional and scenario tests to guarantee the system's dependability and
effectiveness.
• Dept. The following comprise the suggested system deployment: We launched the system into production and
monitored its functionality and user comments

3.1. The elements of the suggested system

• Solar panel: A solar panel is a collection of panels designed to collect solar radiation and transform it into
electrical energy. The panels are usually mounted on a roof or another building close to the charging station.
• Battery: During times of low sunshine or high demand, this part stores extra solar panel power.
• DC electricity Supply: In situations where the solar panels are unable to generate enough energy, this provides
the charging station with electricity.
• Arduino microcontroller: This microcontroller regulates the power supply to the car and acts as the brains of
the charging station.

• LCD Display: This indicates the battery level, charging rate, and other details about the charging station.
• Battery indicator: This displays the current state of charge for the battery.
• IR Sensor Array: This starts charging an electric vehicle when it senses its presence.
J. of Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications Vol. 0 No. 0 (YEAR) p. 1-6 4

• Relay: This controls how much power the transmitter coil receives from the battery.
• Transmitter coil: This powers the electric vehicle's reception coil wirelessly.
• Receiver coil: This coil transfers power from the transmitter coil to the electric vehicle's battery using wireless
means.
• ESP8266: This Wi-Fi module enables communication between the charging station and other devices as well as
internet access.
• Thing Speak IoT: This platform helps with charging process monitoring by gathering data from charging
stations and offering analytics and visualization tools.
In summary, this system allows electric vehicles to be fueled with solar energy and offers sophisticated IoT
platform monitoring and control features. By doing away with cords, wireless charging offers a wider range of
charging possibilities. An extensible and future-customizable platform is offered by the usage of an Arduino
microcontroller.
Results and Discussion
The suggested system's functioning module, which connects a solar panel, an Arduino-Uno, a battery, a DC
power supply, an IR sensor array, a battery indicator, a transmitter coil, a reception coil, and an ESP8266, is
shown in figure 2 below.

Figure 2 Working Module of Proposed System

Acknowledgement

We hereby acknowledge Smart Instrumentation Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering,

Narail Technical training Center, Bangladesh for assistance in conducting research, Vehicle
Lab.

5. Conclusion
Solar energy has the potential to be a cost-effective and ecologically beneficial alternative for powering electric
vehicle charging stations; however, the viability and efficacy of this approach will depend on a number of
specific and system-specific aspects. With continued research and development, solar-powered electric vehicle
charging stations should become more viable and efficient in the upcoming years .
 5 J. of Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications Vol. 0 No. 0 (YEAR) p. 1-6

References
[1] A. Singh, et al, “Design and Analysis of a Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Indian
Cities,” World Electr. Veh. J., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 2, 2021.
[2] Development of rapid charging system for EV battery, International Journal of Recent Technology and
Engineering (IJRTE), ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6S, March 2019.
[3] Brenna, M., Foiadelli, F., Leone, C. et al. Electric Vehicles Charging Technology Review and Optimal Size
Estimation. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 15, 2539–2552 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-020-00547-x.
[4] Rizvi SAA, Xin A, Masood A, Iqbal S, Ullah Jan M, Rehman H (2018) Electric vehicles and their impacts on
integration into power grid: a review. In: Presented at the 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy
System Integration (EI2), BeiJing, China, Oct. 20–22, 2018.
[5] Chandra Mouli, G.R.; Van Duijsen, P.; Grazian, F.; Jamodkar, A.; Bauer, P.; Isabella, O. Sustainable E-Bike
Charging Station That Enables AC, DC and Wireless Charging from Solar Energy. Energies 2020, 13, 3549.
[6] Badea, G.; Felseghi, R.-A.; Varlam, M.; Filote, C.; Culcer, M.; Iliescu, M.; Ră boacă , M. Design and Simulation
of Romanian Solar Energy Charging Station for Electric Vehicles. Energies 2018, 12, 74.
[7] T. S. Geetha, ,V. Amudha and C. Chellaswamy, “A Novel Dynamic Capacity Expansion Framework
Includes Renewable Energy Sources for an Electric Vehicle Charging Station”,International Transactions on
Electrical Energy Systems, 2022.
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