Fin Irjmets1682504271

e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:04/April-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
SOLAR WIRELESS ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM

D. Vijay Arun*1, N. Bhargavi*2, M. Veera Amaleswara Rao*3,
M. Rakesh*4, M. Uday*5
*1,2,3,4,5Department Of Electrical And Electronics Engineering Seshadri Rao
Gudlavalleru Engineering College
(An Autonomous Institute With Permanent Affiliation To JNTUK, Kakinada)
Seshadri Rao Knowledge Village, Gudlavalleru, India.
DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS36808
ABSTRACT
In today’s world there are more outcomes in environmental change due to the overutilization of petroleum
products in this manner prompting a genuine effect on the climate. So there is a need for a substitute answer
for lessen the consumption of such non – sustainable assets. One such exertion made in the field of Freeways is
the advancement of "Solar Freeways" which can be an elective arrangement. Sun oriented streets consolidate
various arrangements in one – it can assist us with improving the creation of power utilizing sun based boards,
to give a computerized stage to our future country's ventures like Smart Cities, and to work with the arising
electric vehicles that supplant the petroleum driven vehicles and substantially more. Motivated by the fact that
there are numerous amount of clean and sustainable energy we receive from roadways, the following study
puts forward some of the event and application of an innovative charging method for the renewable energy
driven electric cars, buses by using the roadway and also implementation of revolutionary nanotechnology
along with the latest best in the house power electronics and power system analysis tools.
A small scale prototype model was made by our team to attest the working of smart inductive charging
process. Our project team was successful to improve the working of the model by improving the use of the
preinstalled solar panels and also implement its use on the very concept we are trying to improve. On the
vehicle, there will be the use of coils which are experimentally made for the flow of charges that are needed to
provide charge to a moving electric vehicle (EV). The detailed strategy is presented in this report.
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General:
Streets are a huge piece of transportation framework, helping as a spine to help better development for
individuals and products. Since the streets extraordinarily sway the financial development and advancement of
the networks, best in class research has zeroed in on arranging, planning, and building streets to lessen natural
effect, increment maintainability, and improve the productivity of transport stream. Notwithstanding, because
of progressively enormous requests for decreased driver stress, autonomous versatility for people who cannot
drive, and expanded security and entertainment features in vehicle, further examination is called for on the
advancement of smart streets which will adjust for upcoming generation of vehicles like auto-piloting vehicles.
Electric vehicles are viewed like major element in the establishment of this lengthy transport network. They
are, on average, significantly more energy efficient than fossil fuel-powered vehicles. The increased demand of
electric vehicles can result in global warming and other air polluting materials, such as No and particle matter
(PM), and so improve the surrounding air and protect the environment. Also, the popularity of these cars
demands greater power output to charge their storage batteries, hence the averted carbon dioxide production
would be partially set off by additional discharges generated by producing more power. Furthermore, these
future cars would be requiring a storage battery as a space to store the produced energy in order to go a
considerable distance. When compared to gasoline (approximately 12,000 Wh/kg), LI-ion batteries, have an
energy concentration of just 89-110 Wh/kg. As a result, lithium-ion battery-powered electric vehicles can only
run about 300 miles before recharging the battery.
Aside from the low energy concentration, modern battery equipment have the disadvantages of a long
recharging phase, a bulky size and load, a short lifespan, and a high price. Alternative charging solutions based
www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

[4730]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
on renewable energy sources and highways must be designed to eliminate these obstacles. Currently, there
have been three types of EV stationary charging systems. Type 1 charging positions use a regular outlet and a
120 VAC connection to provide 3-5 miles per hour. Type 2 EV recharging stops are needed both for residential
and commercial purpose. These recharge at a frequency of 10-20 miles per hour using only a 260 V (for
residential) or 198 V (for commercial) supply. Type 3 recharging points, also referred as Direct Current quick
rechargers, use a 198 V (for business) connection or a 480 V 3-ϕ alternating current supply to recharge electric
vehicle's battery to 80% capacity in 20-30 minutes. WPT charging and solar automobiles have been offered as
alternatives to fixed charge stations. Magnetic resonance has been used to establish an area among a ground
recharging coil and a cu coil implanted in a car, allowing WPT for electric vehicles.
Conferring to the coupled magnetic resonance hypothesis, 66.5 W of power may be transmitted over a 3.5
metre distance, as shown by an MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) research team in 2007. Several
researchers accompanied on this research on the WPT method, offering new circuitry and undertaking system-
level analysis along with a precise regulator. In spite of WPT technology's popularity and development for
charging of the electric vehicles, its high fee and little distance for power conduction remain a significant
barrier. Solar energy is transformed to usable electric supply by installing solar panel arrays to vehicle, is
another concept for the charging of electric vehicles without depending totally on batteries. However, the
concept is feasible only when sunlight is available; all throughout night, the car must be charged from a
traditional source. Furthermore, due to several technical and manufacturing limitations in the field of current
solar cell expertise, also engineering adjustment among budget and energy transfiguration efficiency, solar-
powered EVs are still not practical to be commercially available to the people. for the charging of electric
vehicles without depending totally on batteries. However, the concept is feasible only when sunlight is
available; all throughout night, the car must be charged from a traditional source. Furthermore, due to several
technical and manufacturing limitations in the field of current solar cell expertise, also engineering adjustment
among budget and energy transfiguration efficiency, solar-powered EVs are still not practical to be
commercially available to the people.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Electric vehicles have now hit the road worldwide and are slowly growing in
numbers. Apart from environmental benefits, electric vehicles have also proven helpful in reducing the cost of
travel by replacing fuel with electricity which is way cheaper.
• However electric vehicles have 2 major disadvantages:
✓ Long charging time – 1-3 hours required for charging
✓ Non-availability of power for charging stations in off-city and remote areas.
• The power is converted to AC using a transformer and regulated using regulator circuitry. This power is
now used to power the copper coils that are used for wireless energy transmission.
• A copper coil is also mounted underneath the electric vehicle. When the vehicle is driven over the coils
energy is transmitted from the transmitter coil to the EV coil.
• Please note the energy is still DC current that is induced into this coil. Now we convert this to DC again so
that it can be used t charge the EV battery.
• We use AC to DC conversion circuitry to convert it back to DC current. Now we also measure the input
voltage using an Atmega microcontroller and display this on an LCD display.
• Thus the system demonstrates a solar-powered wireless charging system for an electric vehicle that can be
integrated into the road.

[4731]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
Block Diagram of the designed system
Block diagram consists of Arduino controller, LCD display, LED battery, power supply etc. Primary coil is fixed
at solar panel which is used while formation of solar road. Secondary coil is fixed at the base of car moving on
road. Whole setup works on the basis of wireless power transmission (WPT) Concept. LED will glow when
energy is transferred from primary coil to secondary coil.
System-structure
In the above-given block diagram the process of the charge flowing from the solar panel unit to the electric
vehicle module are as follows:
•The solar panel is adjusted to an angle in which it can receive as much as the power it can and then once it is
placed at a suitable angle the indicator shows it is charging.
•Then the charge is passed through the controller and then the charges are transferred to the storage battery.
•The charges are then passed through a converter which converts the DC to AC and then when the car is moved
along the road the charges that gets stored in the battery is then transmitted wirelessly to the transmitting coils
and the receiving coils of the car receives the charges as a sources of electro-magnetic field and the car charges
as it moves along the road.

[4732]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
III. WORKING PRINCIPLE
One solar freeway is a series of drive-on solar energy panels that have been physically designed. The goal is to
replace present fossil fuel asphalt roads, parking garages, and pathways with solar road panels that collect
energy for consumption by houses and buildings, also with capacity to store surplus power in or alongside the
solar roadways throughout the future. As a result, renewable energy eliminates necessity conventional fossil
fuels for electricity generation, reducing carbon emissions and improving the quality of life. The panel is
interested in parking places, driveways, and, eventually, motorways. If the whole major highway system in the
U.S. was covered in solar roadway panels, this would generate over three times the amount of electricity
currently consumed in the country.
IV. HARDWARE SETUP
V. RESULT
VI. CONCLUSION
The report offered an inventive keen charging framework for future electric vehicles. It is an imaginative (on
the grounds that it is an enlistment loop free) remote charging component that rehearses sun based boards. To
minimalize fossil fuel by-product, from public vehicle perspectives, it is alluring to track down a substitute
wellspring of energy. Electric vehicles can be the method of lessening fossil fuel by-products without
consuming petrol. To help the charging arrangement of electric vehicles all the more creatively, easy to use, and
with no trouble, a remote charging framework can be an exceptionally viable arrangement. The re-enactment
results show non-radiative remote force is communicated through the air hole at full recurrence coordinating.
Traditional roadways can be exchanged with solar roadways in the future, although a large initial investment is
[4733]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
required. The solar-powered street might well be built at a lower cost with such a higher energy yield while
removing the existing infrastructure. Because old streets are supposed to be maintained, the circle of sun-
oriented street placement could run smoothly. The replacement of air terminals and parking lots is subject to
changing schedules. When financial problems become the primary motivating factor for just a state or city's
budget, the option of solar streets should be made available and protected.
There are no compensatory highlights to black-top that ought to upset the advancement of another model. The
ITS program is by all accounts arguing for an idea that is promptly accessible for the following stage. Sun
oriented streets will answer our country's concern in the field of transportation, contamination, squander
contamination, coal contamination, transportation subsidizing, and energy.
This new, remote charging strategy for electric vehicles, whenever received, will be a way to the significant
lessening in CO2 outflows. Relating with a gas controlled vehicle, carbon dioxide emanation is lessened in EVs
from 60 to 30 metric huge loads of discharge, which implies a half decrease. This will assist with decreasing
environmental change, and help bring a noble change in the nature.
VII. FUTURE SCOPE
In today’s world technology has spread over a large variety of practical applications ranging from smartphones,
computers, kitchen appliances and mostly in the field of electric vehicles. There are a number of methods of
charging wirelessly and the main aim is to cut loose of cables. Automotive, healthcare and manufacturing
industries are rapidly embracing these technologies with a promise to improve mobility and also promising the
enablement in IoT (Internet of Things) devices to be powered from a distance. In our opinion the specific set of
technologies that are discussed in this study is aiming to take the above mentioned technical advancements to a
new level and also providing the total guarantee to be user friendly and save time and also with a root cause to
deplete the use of traditional methods which affect our nature.
This study was aimed to solve the most discussed factor of environmental friendly ways to involve a technology
which ensure to keep all the promise and also in hand provide and improve a already existing set of technology.
In the distant future we image this study helping the fellow researchers in developing a widely accessible
charging facility for the electric vehicle owners and our idea has a more clear and efficient approach to the very
topic of wireless charging. We hope to see someday our idea getting implemented in roadways, freeways and
more people benefitting from it positively.
With the rate of technological advancement on an everyday basis this idea of ours is not at all impossible to
imagine growing to a scale where one can just keep travelling the world and doesn’t have to worry about their
car running out of charge. And that is the future we all imagine that worrying to be at our back and just move on
in life in straight.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] Gerssen-Gondelach, S., and Faaij, A. (2012) Performance of batteries for electric vehicles on short and
longer term, Journal of Power Sources, pp. 111.
[2] Etacheri, V., Marom, R., Elazari, Salitra, R. and Aurbach, D. (2011) Challenges in the development of
advanced Li-ion batteries: A review, Energy Environmental Science 4, pp. 3243.
[3] S. Li et. al. (2015) Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Applications, IEEE Journal of Emerging
and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, pp. 4.
[4] Will electric cars soon have solar roofs? Toyota and Tesla say yes, ThinkProgress.org,
https://thinkprogress.org/prius-solar-roof-breakthrough-2b929f467061. (2017).
[5] 5.Kurs, A., Moffatt, R., Joannopoulos, J., Fisher, P. and M. Soljacic (2007) Wireless power transfer via
strongly coupled magnetic resonances, Science, pp. 83–86.
[6] Sample, A., Meyer, D. and Smith, J. (2011) Analysis, experimental results, and range adaptation of
magnetically coupled resonators for wireless power transfer, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., pp. 544–554.
[7] Cannon, B., Hoburg, J., Stancil, D. and Goldstein, S. (2009) Magnetic resonant coupling as a potential
means for wireless power transfer to multiple small receivers, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,
pp. 1819–1825.
[4734]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
[8] Kurs, A., Moffatt, R., and Soljacic, M. (2010) Simultaneous mid-range power transfer to multiple devices,
Applied Physics Letters, pp. 044102-1–044102-3.
[9] Sanghoon, C., Yong-Hae, K., Kang, S.-Y., Myung-Lae, L., Jong-Moo, L. and Zyung, T. (2011) Circuit-model-
based analysis of a wireless energy transfer system via coupled magnetic resonances, IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., pp. 2906–2914.
[10] Kainan, C., and Zhengming, Z. (2013) Analysis of the double-layer printed spiral coil for wireless power
transfer, IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron., pp. 114–121.
[11] Yiming, Z., Zhengming, Z. and Kainan, C. (2014) Frequency decrease analysis of resonant wireless
power transfer, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., pp. 1058–1063.
[12] 12.Kavimandan, U. et al, (2019) Analysis of Dead-Time in a Single Phase Wireless Power Transfer
System, 2019 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), Detroit, MI, USA, pp. 1-
8.
[13] Bai, T. et al, (2019) Machine Learning-Assisted Wireless Power Transfer based on Magnetic Resonance,
in IEEE Access.
[14] Chu, S. and Avestruz, A. (2019) A New Calibration Strategy for Transfer-Power Measurement of
Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles, 2019 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo
(ITEC), Detroit, MI, USA, pp. 1-5.
[15] Mohammad, M. et al., (2019) Sensitivity Analysis of an LCC-LCC Compensated 20kW Bidirectional
Wireless Charging System for Medium-Duty Vehicles, 2019 IEEE Transportation Electrification
Conference and Expo (ITEC), Detroit, MI, USA, 2019, pp. 1-7.
[16] Ayachit, A., Abdul-Hak, M. and Kazimierczuk, M. (2019) Transfer Functions of Wireless Power Transfer
Systems with Series and Series-Parallel Compensation Schemes, 2019 IEEE Transportation
Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), Detroit, MI, USA, 2019, pp. 1-6.
[17] Nagatsuka, Y., Ehara, N., Kaneko, Y., Abe, S., and Yasuda, T. (2010) Compact contactless power transfer
system for electric vehicles, in Proc. IPEC, pp. 807–813.
[18] Sungwoo, L., Jin, H., Changbyung, P., Nam-Sup, C., Gyu-Hyeoung, C., and ChunTaek, R. (2010) On-line
electric vehicle using inductive power transfer system, in Proc. IEEE ECCE, pp. 1598–1601.
[19] Jin, H., Wooyoung, L., Gyu-Hyeong, C., Byunghun, L., and Chun-Taek, R. (2011) Characterization of novel
inductive power transfer systems for on-line electric vehicles, in Proc. 26th Annu. IEEE APEC Expo., pp.
1975–1979.
[20] Puqi, N., Miller, J. M., Onar, O., and White, C. (2013) A compact wireless charging system development,
in Proc. IEEE ECCE, pp. 3629–3634.
[21] Nguyen, T.-D., Li, S., Li, W. and Mi, C. (2014) Feasibility study on bipolar pads for efficient wireless
power chargers, in Proc. APEC Expo.
[22] Caughill, P. (2017) This high-tech, solar-powered car may be the future of travel,
https://futurism.com/this-futuristic-solar-powered-car-may-be-the-future-of-travel/. Vandevoorde, G.
and Puers, R. (2001) Wireless energy transfer for stand-alone systems: a comparison between low and
high power applicability, Sensors and Actuators A:Physical, vol. 92, pp. 305-311.
[23] Garnica, J., Casanova, J. and Lin, J. (2011) High efficiency midrange wireless power transfer system,
IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Syst. Dig., pp. 73–76.
[24] Kurs, A. et al, (2007) Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances, Sciencexpress,
vol. 317, pp. 83–86.
[25] Waffenschmidt, E. and Staring, T. (2009) Limitation of inductive power transfer for consumer
applications, IEEE European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, pp. 1-10.
[26] Suh, Y.-H. and Chang, K. (2002) A high-efficiency dual frequency rectenna for 2.45and 5.8-GHz wireless
power transmission, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 50, no. 7.
[27] Raavi, S. et al., (2013) An optical wireless power transfer system for rapid charging, 2013 Texas
Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS), Waco, TX.
[4735]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
[28] Peng, C. (2007) Method and apparatus for optical wireless charging, US2007/0114967 A1.
[29] Lu, X., Niyato, D., Wang, P., Kim, D. and Han, Z. (2015) Wireless charger networking for mobile devices:
Fundamentals, standards, and applications, IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 126–135.
[30] Costanzo, A., Dionigi, M., Masotti, D., Mongiardo, M., Monti, G., Tarricone, L. and Sorrentino, R. (2014)
Electromagnetic energy harvesting and wireless power transmission: A unified approach, Proceedings
of the IEEE, vol. 102, no. 11, pp. 1692– 1711.
[31] Lee, J. (2018) Permanent, Wireless self-charging system using NIR band, https:// phys.org/news/2018-
10-permanent-wireless-self-charging-nir-band.html
[32] Zhang, Q., et al, (2018) Distributed Laser Charging: A Wireless Power Transfer Approach, in IEEE
Internet of Things Journal, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 3853-3864.
[33] Iyer, V. et al, (2018) Charging a Smartphone across a Room Using Lasers. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob.
Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 1, 4, Article 143, 21 pages. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1145/3161163
[34] Lufčić, M., Maras, M. and Vukelić, M. (2011) Energy saving design and materials in road transport,
REACT Conference, http://bib.irb.hr/prikazi-rad?rad=540022.
[35] Lee, K. (2013) Students Install the World’s First Solar Pavement Panels in Virginia,
[36] Inhabitat, https://inhabitat.com/students-install-the-worlds-first-solar-pavementpanels-in-virginia/.
[37] SolaRoad, http://www.solaroad.nl., Accessed March 24, 2019.
[38] Liggett, B. (2011) The Netherlands to Pave Roads with Solaroad Solar Panels, Inhabitat,
https://inhabitat.com/the-netherlands-to-pave-roads-with-solaroad-solar-panels/.
[39] Dutch Company Drives New Solar Power,
http://www.ecmag.com/section/miscellaneous/dutch-company-drives-new-solarpower,Accessed
March 24, 2019.
[40] Scott, C. (2014) Following the Solar Brick Road to Clean Energy and Smart Roadways, Singularity Hub,
https://singularityhub.com/2014/05/22/following-the-solar-brickroad-to-clean-energy-and-smart-
roadways/.
[41] Reich, J. (2015) The Daejeon-Sejong Bike Highway Is Solar Powered and Good for the Environment,
Tech Times, http://www.techtimes.com/articles/72306/20150727/ daejeon- sejong-bike-highway-
solar-powered-good-environment.htm.
[42] Tsagas, I. (2016) France gets a step closer to solar roads, PV Magazine,
https:// www.pv- magazine.com/2016/08/04/france-gets-a-step-closer-to-solar-roads_100025671/.
[43] Bourgin, Y. (2016) High Tech. Ségolène Royal lance la première route solaire dans l'Orne,Entreprises,
https://www.ouest-france.fr/environnement/amenagement-du- territoire/high-tech-segolene-royal-
lance-la-premiere-route-solaire-dans-lorne-4582630.
[44] Kim, W. (2016) World's first solar panel road opens in Normandy village, theguardian.
[45] Ranjan, R., (2015) Solar Power Roads: Revitalising Solar Highways, Electrical Power and Smart Grids,
International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, pp. 380–385.
[46] Bobes-Jesus, V., Pascual-Munoz, P., Castro-Fresno, D., and Rodriguez-Hernandez, J. (2013) Asphalt solar
collectors: a literature review, Applied Energy 102, pp. 962-70.
[47] Lowe, J. (1979) Paving and solar energy system and method, Inventor: Wendel, I.L.
[48] United States, patent of invention US 4.132.074, 01-02-1979.
[49] Larsson, O., Thelandersson, S. (2011) Estimating extreme values of thermal gradients in concrete
structures, Mater. Struct., pp. 1491-1500.
[50] Gao, Q., Huang, Y., Li, M., Liu, Y., and Yan, Y.Y. (2010) Experimental study of slab solar collection on the
hydronic system of road, Solar Energy, pp. 2096-2102.
[51] Zhao, J., Wang, H., Chen, Z., and Qu, H. (2006) Seasonal behaviour of pavement in geothermal snow-
melting system with solar energy storage, Trans Tianjin University, pp. 319-324.

[4736]

Fin Irjmets1682504271

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fin Irjmets1682504271

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fin Irjmets1682504271

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

SOLAR WIRELESS ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

You might also like