MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON (0018)

Program Name and Code : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Course
Name and Code : Auto-Cad
Academic Year : 2023-24
Semester : FOURTH
A MICRO PROJECT

On
Orthographic Projection

Submitted in March, 20224 by the group of 3 students

Sr. Roll Enrollment Seat
No. Name of student No. No.

1 06 Mahesh Raju Beldar 2200180071 379011

2 15 Harshal Vinod Chavan 2200180086 379021

Vikas Mukteshwar
3 46 Mohare 2200180134 379054

Project Guide
A.S. CHAUDHARI
(Lecturer in Auto-Cad)

1
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to cenify that Mr //Ku.. Mahesh Raju Beldar, Harshal Vinod Chavan, Vikas
Mukteshwar Mohare. Roll No. 06, 15 , 46 of FOURTH Semester of Diploma in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING of Institute, Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon
(Code:0018) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in the Subject — Auto-Cad
for the Academic Year 2023-2024 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: JALGAON Enrollment No: 2200180071, 86, 2200180134

Date: Exam Seat No: 379011,21,54

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

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 GOVTERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,
JALGAON

-SUBMISSION-
I (Full Name) Mahesh Raju Beldar, Harshal Vinod Chavan, Vikas
Mukteshwar Mohare, Roll No 06, 15, 46. (Seat No:379011,21,54) as a student of
FOURTH Sem/Year ofthe Program humbly submit that I have completed from time
to time the Practical/Micro-Project work as described in this report by my own skills
and study between the period from 10/01/2024 to
10/04/2024 as per
Instructions/guidance of Rahul Balgujar And that following students were associated
with me for this work, however, quantum of my contribution has been approved by
the Lecturer. And that I have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from
any other literature in contravention of the academic ethics.

Date• /o3/2024 Signature of Student

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 WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT.

SIGN OF
SR.NO. WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED GUIDE DATE

Discussion and finalization of

1 1st topic

Preparation and submission of

2 2nd Abstract
Literature Review
3 3rd
Collection of Data
4 4th
Collection of Data
5 5th
Discussion and outline of
Content
6 6th
Formulation of Content
7 7th

Editing and proof Reading of

8 8th Content

Compilation of Report And

9 9th Presentation
Seminar
10 10th
Viva voce

11 11th
Final submission of Micro
Project
12 12th

Sign of the student Sign of the faculty

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 ACKNOWLEDGE

The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance &
assistance from many people and we are extremely privileged to have got this all along
the completion of our project. All that we have done is only due to such supervision
and assistance and we would not forget to thank them.
We respect and thank Dr. Parag Patil, Principal, Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon
for providing us an opportunity to do the project work in the institute and giving us all
support and guidance which made us complete the project duly. We are extremely
thankful to Dr. Parag Patil Sir for providing such a nice support and guidance.
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my Rahul Badgujar sir
who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project which also help me
doing a create different meanings from the same verbs and help to anchor listener
understand the meaning behind our story.
We are thankful to and fortunate enough to get constant encouragement, support
and guidance from all the teaching staffs of Department of Auto-Cad and Humanities
which helps us in successfully completing our project work.

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 Putting your skills to use.
So far in this level you have been learning the basic 2D AutoCAD commands. What you
learned in this level will be a very large part of what you use in your daily drafting. This
tutorial isn't going to teach commands, but will instead show a common technique that is
used a lot in 'Mechanical" drafting. It will also ask you to think about what you are drawing,
and how it needs to be represented.

Mechanical drafting is a field within the drafting world. In simple terms, it is used to describe
the methods for drafting and designing machines, assemblies and in a nut shell, the 'parts'
that used in everything from a fork to a Formula 1 race car. It doesn't include anything that
involves buildings and structures (Architectural & Structural drafting) or landscapes and
roads (Civil drafting and engineering).

Now just because you are dreaming of becoming an Architect, it doesn't mean that you
should skip this tutorial. In fact, you will likely need to use these concepts or read diagrams
related to this subject. So read on!

What is Orthographic Projection?

If you look at the image below, you will see a drawing for a part. It shows the object with a
top view, a front view and a side view. You'll also see an Isometric view that is sometimes
used to give a more visual look. This tutorial won't cover Isometric drafting.. Save your
drawings that you do in this exercise for more practice in that lesson.

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The reason that this method is used is that you can take a designed part, draw it, dimension it
and then give all the needed information to the manufacturer.

In some cases only 2 views are needed, but for anything more than a simple part, 3 or more
views are needed. Very complex parts will need 6 or more.

There are 2 methods of deciding what views are used and where they are placed in the
drawing. I'll borrow some info from Wikipedia to show this:

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 First-angle projection (European Standards)
In first-angle projection, the object is conceptually located in quadrant I, i.e. it floats above
and before the viewing planes, the planes are opaque, and each view is pushed through the
object onto the plane furthest from it. (Mnemonic: an "actor on a stage".) Extending to the 6-
sided box, each view of the object is projected in the direction (sense) of sight of the object,
onto the (opaque) interior walls of the box; that is, each view of the object is drawn on the
opposite side of the box. A twodimensional representation of the object is then created by
"unfolding" the box, to view all of the interior walls. This produces two plans and four
elevations. A simpler way to visualize this is to place the object on top of an upside-down
bowl. Sliding the object down the right edge of the bowl reveals the right side view.

Image of object in box, with views of object projected in the direction of sight onto walls
using first-angle projection.

Similar image showing the box unfolding from around the object.

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Image showing orthographic views located relative to each other in accordance with first-
angle projection.

Ok - that was some fun theory - thank for reading it. One last bit of info before we get back
to CAD stuff. Since there are 2 kinds of standards, how do you know which is which when
you have a drawing in front of you? There is a standard symbol that is used in the title block
to indicate which method was used.

This symbol shows a simple cone and displays the projection. Think about which symbol
represents which method, then move your mouse over the images to see if you were
correct.

Because I am in North America and was trained to use the "Third Angle Projection" method,
that is what I will show in this tutorial. The techniques for drawing are the same, it's just a
matter of which direction you 'project' or draw the lines.

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 Third-angle projection (USA Standards)
In third-angle projection, the object is conceptually located in quadrant III, i.e. it lurks
below and behind the viewing planes, the planes are transparent, and each view is pulled
onto the plane closest to it. (Mnemonic: a "shark in a tank", esp. that is sunken into the
floor.) Using the 6-sided viewing box, each view of the object is projected opposite to the
direction (sense) of sight, onto the (transparent) exterior walls of the box; that is, each view
of the object is drawn on the same side of the box. The box is then unfolded to view all of
its exterior walls. A simpler way to visualize this is to place the object in the bottom of a
bowl. Sliding the object up the right edge of the bowl reveals the right side view.

Here is the construction of third angle projections of the same object as above. Note that the
individual views are the same, just arranged differently.

Image of object in box, with views of object projected in the direction of sight onto walls
using first-angle projection.

Similar image showing the box unfolding from around the object.

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Image showing orthographic views located relative to each other in accordance with third-
angle projection.

Ok - that was some fun theory - thank for reading it. One last bit of info before we get back
to CAD stuff. Since there are 2 kinds of standards, how do you know which is which when
you have a drawing in front of you? There is a standard symbol that is used in the title block
to indicate which method was used.

This symbol shows a simple cone and displays the projection. Think about which symbol
represents which method, then move your mouse over the images to see if you were
correct.

Because I am in North America and was trained to use the "Third Angle Projection" method,
that is what I will show in this tutorial. The techniques for drawing are the same, it's just a
matter of which direction you 'project' or draw the lines.

13
14