SEPT 23 OSH MGMT Chapter I

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
AND OVERVIEW: INTO TO

OSH
HOS21603 OSHA MANAGEMENT

By: Rashidah A Rahim
OUTLINE
➢ Background / Introduction
➢ What is OSH
➢ Establishing OSH standard
➢ OSHA and its interaction
with other discipline
➢ Theories of accident
causation
 AT THE END OF THIS SESSION, STUDENT
SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
1. Describe occupational safety and health and its

importance at the workplaces.
INTRODUCTION
Every 15 seconds, a worker dies from a work-related accident or disease.
Every 15 seconds, 160 workers have a work-related accident.
ILO
Figure 1: Annual
INTRODUCTION
 Have you ever heard of news on accidents that

happened at the workplace???
ACTIVITY 1
 PLEASE READ THE ARTICLE IN THE LINK
BELOW TO GAIN A PRELIMINARY OVERVIEW
ON THIS TOPIC
WRITE YOUR UNDERTANDING OF OSH BASED

ON THE ARTICLE
SUBMIT YOUR ANSWER IN THE LINK GIVEN
https://padlet.com/Missshida/introduction-to-osh-
1z0dj3xy7y5us7se
HISTORY IN OSH
STEAM BOILER SAFETY ERA
 Job relating to occupational safety was first establish in Malaysia in
the year 1878, when Mr. William Givan was appointed as Machinery
Inspector.
 His job was to inspect the safety aspect of steam boilers, which was
usually used in tin mines

The first steam boiler law of Malaysia was believed to be legislated
in Selangor, which is the Selangor Boiler Enactment 1892.
 Meanwhile in Perak, their first steam boiler law was enforced in the
year 1903. Only by 1908, did the Allied Malay States have a uniform
steam boiler legislation that was enforced by inspectors of boiler.
HISTORY IN OSH
Machinery Safety Era - 1914 till 1952
 On the 1st of January 1914, the steam boiler enactments of the
Allied Malay States were abolished and were replaced with
Machinery Enactment of 1913.
 Effective with this legislation, inspectors were not only to inspect
steam boilers but also had to inspect machineries, including self-
combustion engines, water turbines and other related auxiliary
machineries.
 the job title of Inspector of Boiler was also abolished and was
replaced with Inspector of Machinery and Assistant Inspector of
Machinery.
In the year 1932, the Machinery Enactment of 1913 was abolished and
replaced with Machinery Enactment of 1932. Registration and
inspection of installation were enforced.

HISTORY IN OSH
Industrial Safety Era - 1953 till 1967
 The Machinery Branch was under the Mineral Department
until 1952, when the branch was split of from the department
and renamed Machinery Department. The split was a must
because most inspections had progressed to other industries
besides mining.

In 1953, all of the machinery enactments of the Allied Malay
States (Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu), Non-Allied Malays
States (Negeri-Negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu) and Strait
States (Negeri-Negeri Selat) were abolished and replaced with
the Machinery Ordinance 1953.
 Ordinance 1953 lack a lot in worker's health aspects even
though there were regulations on safety, health and welfare of
workers under the ordinance, as it was not fully enforced. Th

HISTORY IN OSH
Industrial Safety and Hygiene – 1970 till 1994
 In the year 1967, the Factory and Machinery Act was approved
by the Parliament. Beside that, reorganization of the
department was undertaken near the end of 1960’s, in which
the function and responsibilities of inspectors, administrative
method and filing system are reorganized beside the closing
down of small branch offices in Rawang, Taiping, Tapah and
Muar.
 In 1970, the Factory and Machinery Act and eight regulations
under the act were enforced. With the commissioning of this
act, Machinery Ordinance 1953 was abolished and the name
of the department was changed to Factory and Machinery
Department.
 Provisions relating to industrial health are further added.
HISTORY IN OSH
Occupational Safety and Health Era – after 1994
 The new legislation on occupational safety and health was
made in the year 1994. Occupational Safety and Health Act
1994 (Act 514) was approved by the Parliament in 1993 and
was gazetted on February 1994.
 Considering the fact that the Factory and Machinery Act 1967
only covers occupational safety and health in the
manufacturing, mining, quarrying and construction industries,
whereas the other industries are not covered.
 Workers that are covered by Factory and Machinery Act 1967
consists only of 24% of the nation’s total man power, while
Occupational Safety and Health 1994 would cover 90% of the
nation’s total man power and would exempt those working on
ships and in the armed forces.
HISTORY IN OSH
Occupational Safety and Health ACT
1994
The OSHA in Malaysia adopt concept in
safety and health legislation from UK
and Australia: British Robens
Commision Report 1972
INTRODUCTION
What is Occupational Safety and Health?
➢ A cross-disciplinary area concerned with

protecting the safety, health and welfare of
people engaged in work or employment.
.
➢ also protect co-workers, family members,
employers, customers, suppliers, nearby
communities, and other members of the
public who are impacted by the workplace
environment.
INTRODUCTION
What is Occupational Safety and Health?

➢ Define by ILO/WHO
The anticipation,
the promotion and recognition, evaluation and
maintenance of the highest control of hazards arising
degree of physical, mental in or from the workplace
and social well-being of that could impair the health
workers in all occupation and well-being of workers
• Reduce financial losses and liabilities
• Improved quality
• Increased productivity, job satisfaction
IMPORTANCE Of OSH standard– to employer
 Increased productivity.
 Better staff decision making.
 Reduce absenteeism.
 Reduce long-term health problems.
 Reduce worker turnover.
 Increased ability to attract and retain employees.
 Increased return on training and development
investment.
 Reduced risk of accidents and health-related
ligation.
 Fewer worker compensation claims.
IMPORTANCE OF OSH STANDARD- to
employee
 Increased morale, job satisfaction &

motivation.
 Improved mental alertness, concentration
and energy levels.
 Decreased stress and other work-related
illness.
 Improved prevention of chronic diseases.
ELEMENTS of OSH
Basic Elements of Occupational
Management Commitment
Safety and Health
Hazard prevention and control
Worksite analysis
Safety & Health Training

LEGISLATION
OSHA 1994 - Act 514:
➢ Provides the legislative framework to promote,
stimulate and encourage high standards of safety
and health at work.
➢ Aim
✓ To promote safety and health awareness, and establish
effective safety organisation and performance through
self-regulation schemes designed to suit the particular
industry or organisation.
➢ Long-term goal
➢ To create a healthy and safe working culture among
all Malaysian employees and employers.
OSH management System
 Main elements of malaysia OSH MS (MSI722:2004)
 Adapted from ILO-OSH 200I
 Based on the OSHA Act I994
 Five main element of Deming Wheel (PDCA)
Policy
Organizing
Planning and
implementation
Evaluation and
implementation
Action for improvements
OSH Interactions
occupational
medicine,
occupational
(or industrial)
hygiene
Health Physics Public health
Interactions
Safety
Ergonomics
engineering
Environmental Occupational
Health Psycology
WORKPLACE HAZARD
REFERENCES
ILO-OSH 200I Guidelines on Occupational safety
And health management System
Geneva Switzerland
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

AND OVERVIEW: INTO TO

HOS21603 OSHA MANAGEMENT

1. Describe occupational safety and health and its

 Have you ever heard of news on accidents that

WRITE YOUR UNDERTANDING OF OSH BASED

What is Occupational Safety and Health?

➢ A cross-disciplinary area concerned with

What is Occupational Safety and Health?

 Increased morale, job satisfaction &

Hazard prevention and control

Safety & Health Training

 Based on the OSHA Act I994

 Five main element of Deming Wheel (PDCA)

Health Physics Public health

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