SURE SHOT QUESTIONS ARVIND ACADEMY

Chapter -01
Relations and Functions
MCQ Finally the largest equivalence relation, that is the
universal relation.
1. Soln. (c): (i) We know that every triangle is
congruent to itself. R, = (1,1), (2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,I). (1,3).(3, 1), (2,3). (3, 2)}
.:. (T,, T,)eRfor all T;eT.Thus, Ris reflexive.
4. Soln. (b)
(i) Let (T,,T,) eR» T, is congruent to T,. 5. Soln. (b): Given aRb, a2b
(i) Now a >ais true for all real no.
’ T,iscongruent to T;. :: (T,,T) eR
.:. Ris reflexive.
Thus, R is symmetric. Let (a, b)eR, a 2b
(i)
(i) Let (T,, T,) e Rand (T,T) eR Now a >b but does not imply b> a.
’ Tis congruent to T; and T, is congruent to Ta. .. (b,a) R .. R is not symmetric.

.. T,is congruent to 7;»(T,T) eR. (ii) Let (a,b)eR and

(b,c) eR’a>band b2c
Thus, R 0s transitive.

.:. Ris an equivalence relation. a2c (ac) eR.:. Ris transitive.

2. Soln. (b): Given akb > ais brother of b. VIND 6. Soln. (a): (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3) ER

But bra [b may or may not be brother of al .:. Ris reflexive but it is not symmetric.

R is not symmetric. Also, R is transitive.

Let aRb and bRc

’ ais brother of b and b is brother of c. ab

7. Soln. (c): a*b=

ais brother of c (a,c) eR. .:. R is transitive.

Let e be an identity element of * on Q-{0}.
3. Soln. (d): The smallest equivalence relation is the
ae
identity relation R ={(1,1), (2,2),(3,3)} i: ate=aV acQ-{0}=a
2
Then, two ordered pairs of two distinct elements ’e=2
can be added to give three more equivalence
relations. 8. Soln. (c): As A contains 5 elements.

R,={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3), (1,2), (2, 1)} .". For any one -one onto mapping f:A’B, f(A)
also contains 5 elements but Bcontains 6 elements.
Similarly R, and R.
fA) B.

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So, no one - one mapping from Ato Bcan be onto. »-(y-5) f(x)=(x-5)s
14. Soln. (a): Let (x) = y and g(y) =z
9. Soln. (b): If f:A’ Bisa function, then f()
can be chosen in two ways, f(2) can be chosen in Then, gof(x) =g(f(x)) =g(y) =z’ (gon) (2)=x
two ways,..., f(n) can be chosen in two ways.
Now, f(x) =y, g(y) =zf(y)=x and g (z) =y
Hence, f can be chosen in 2x2x....x 2=2" ways
(f'og)z=f'g'() =f)=x
In total there are 2 functions possible. Out of these
two function f andS, defined as .: (gof) =(fog)
f)=a Vi=l,2,...,.n and
S0)=bi-l2,..,n arenot surjective as range 1s. f')-f)
of f is {a} Band f, is {b} B.
Soln. (a): Let f() =y=+2+3y
Sx-3 Sy-3
Hence, the number of surjections from Ato B is
2"-2
r')-2+3x
Sx-3J(K)
10. Soln. (d): Since, -is not defined for x =0
16. Soln.

.:. f:R’R can not be defined. (b): Total number of reflexive relations on a set
having n number of elements = 2"-n
11. Soln. (a): gof(x) =g(f(x)) =g(3x*-5) Here, n=2

3x-5 3x?-5 .. Required number of reflexive relation = 2-2

(3x'-5)' +1 9x-30x +26 =22 =2 -4
ARVIND CHaY
12. Soln. (b): f(x)= x' cannot be onto as range of (b): Given, R=R={a, b):a=b-2,b> 6}
Since, b> 6,so(2,4)R
f={..,-27, -8,-1,0, 1,,8,27,...)+Z Also, (3,8) Ras 3+8-2
f(x)=2x+ l is also not onto as And (8,7)eR as8*7-2
Now, for (6, 8), we have
R, ={..,-3,-1, 1,3,...*zZ 8>6 and 6 = 8-2, which is true
.: (6,8) eR
f(x) =x+lis not one - one as
f(x) = f-x) =x'+1 18. Soln.

And f(x) = X+2 is one - one as (c): Consider,

f(x)= f(x,)’ x,= X, andit is onto also R=[(x, y):xy is thesquarenumber, x, y e N]
As, Xx = x, which is the square of natural number
[ R,=z] X.

Hence, f(x) =(x+2) is bijective. ’ (x,x)eR. So, Ris reflexive.

13. Soln. (b): Let y=f(x) =x'+5»r=y-5

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 19. Soln.
(c): Equivalence relations in the set (1, 2, 3}
containing the elements (1, 2) and (2, 1) are

R=(1,2), (2,1), (1,1),(2,2), (3,3)}

R, =(1,2), (2, 1). (1. 3). (3,1).(2,3). (3,2). (1, 1),.(2,2),(3,3)
.:. Number of equivalence relations is 2.

a,be Z
20. Soln. (d): Given aRb,
Reflexive: For ae Z, we have
a'-7a.a+6a' =a' -7a' +6a
=0 (a, a)e R
.. Relation is reflexive
Symmetric: Since, (6,1) e R
As, 6 -7x6x1+6x1² =3642+6=0
But (1,6) R.

..Relation is not symmetric.

21. Soln. (b): Equivalence relations in the set

containing the element (1, 3) are
R={(4,1).(3,3).(1,3),(3, 1). (5,5)}
R, ={(1,),. (3,3).(5,5),(1,5),(5,1),(3,5),(5,3),(1,3),(3, 1)}
.:. There are 2 possible equivalence relations.

22. Soln. (c) : Given R- {(1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 1)} is a
relation on set {1, 2, 3)
Reflexive: Clearly (2, 2), (3, 3) R
.. R is not a reflexive relation.
Symmetric : Now (1,2) e R and (2,I) R :. Ris
symmetric
Transitive: Now,
(2,1) eR and (1,2) eR but (2,2) R
.. R is not transitive relation.
Ris symmetric, but neither reflexive nor
transitive.

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> Assertion-Reasoning (1 mark) Hence, R is reflexive and A is true.

28 Sol. (a) Both Aand Rare true and Ris the

correct explanation of A.
23. Ans. (c) Ais true but R is false.
Explanation: For one to one function, if f(x) = f(y)then
Explanation: f(x) is a one-one function if X=y
f(«1) = f(*z) X1 = Xz
Hence R is false.
Let f( x, )= f(x) for some x1 = xE R
» (x)³ = (x)3 here, every element in the range maps to only one
’ X1 = X2 element in domain.
Hence f(«) is one-one. . f(x) is strictly monoatomic function and one to
one function.
24. Sol. (c)A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Assertion is true because for each 29. Sol. (d) Ais false but Ris true.
element a¬A, la -al =0<3, so (1, 1)E R,(2,2),e Explanation: Assertion is false because distinct
R (3, 3),E R(4,4) therefore R is reflexive. elements in Nhas equal images. for example
Reason is false because a relation R on the set A is f(1) = +)1
2
said to be transitive if for (a, b) ER and (b, c) ER, we
have (a, c) ER f(2) ==1
Reason is true because for injective function if
25. Sol. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the elements are not equal then their images should be
correct explanation of A. unequal.
Explanation: Assertion Here, R=((x, y):y is divisible
30. Sol. (d) A is false but R is true.
by x} is a relation in the set A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).For
reflexive, we know that x is divisible by x, which is Explanation: R= {(1, 3), (4, 2) (2, 7) (2, 3) (3, 1)}As (2,
true for all x¬ A. 3) Rbut (3, 2) F
- (x, x) ER for all x ¬ A. So, set 'A' is not symmetric.
So, R is reflexive. For symmetry, we observe that 6 is
divisible by 2 i.e. (2, 6) E R but 2 is not divisible by E
i.e. (6, 2) E R. 31. Sol. (d) Ais false but Ris true.
So, R is not symmetric. Explanation: Assertion is false because every
For transitivity, let (x, y) E Rand (y, z) ER function is not invertible. The function which is one
’yis divisible by x and z is divisible byy. one and onto i.e. bijective functions are invertible
So reason is true.
’z is divisible by x.
’ (x, z) ER
e.g. 2 is divisible by 1 and 4 is divisible by 2 32. Sol. (d) A is false but R is true.
So, 4 is divisible by 1. So, R is transitive. Hence, R is Explanation: Assertion is false because f(1.9) = [1.9] =
not an equivalence relation. 1 and f(1.8) = [1.8] = 1. So distinct elements of
domain have same image.
Therefore Greatest Integer function f: R ’ R, given
26. Sol. (d) Ais false but Ris true. by f(x) = [x] is not one-one. The reason is true
Explanation: The assertion is false because relation R
is not symmetric, (1, 2)¬ R but (2, 1) ER because by definition a function f: A B is said to be
The reason is true because for a relationship to be injective if distinct elements of domain has distinct
equivalence it must be reflexive, symmetric, and
transitive. images i.e. f(a) = f(b) ’a = b.

27. Sol. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the Case Study Question
correct explanation of A.
Explanation: By definition, a Relation in R us to be
refelexive if XRX, xZ 33. Sol. () (d) Equivalence
So R is true.
a = 0 2 divides a a ’ aRa
Explanation: Equivalence

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 (ii) (c) R is Symmetric but neither reflexive nor Reflexive : For any ae A.
transitive.
Explanation: Ris Symmetric but neither reflexive |a-a=0, which is divisible by 3
nor transitive.
(ii) (c) Bijective Thus, (a,a) eS.:. Sis reflexive.
Explanation: Bijective
(iv) (b) R (iü) Symmetric: Let (a, b) eS
Explanation: R
(v) (c) 2x - 2y +5 =0 ’ la-b\is divisible by 3.
Explanation: 2x - 2y +5 =0
’ |b-a|is divisible by 3 >(b,a) e S i.e.,
34. Sol. () (c) Reflexive and transitive but not (a,b) eS=6,a) eS
symmetric
Explanation: Reflexive and transitive but not .. Sis symmetric.
symmetric
(iii) Transitive:
(u) (6) 6
Explanation: 6 Let (a, b)eS and (b,c) eS
(ii) (c) None of these
Explanation: None of these ’ Ja-b| is divisible by 3and |b-c is divisible
(iv)(a) 212 by 3.
Explanation: 2l2
(v) (c) Reflexive and Transitive
Explanation: Reflexive and Transitive (a-b) = +3k, and (b--c)=+3k,; k, k, e N

> Questions ’ (a-b)+ (b-c) =3(k,+ k,)

» (a-c)=3k,+k,): Vk,,k,e N
35. Sol. We have, A={1,2,3,4,5,6} and a relation R ’la-c] isdivisible by 3>(a,c) eS..S is
Transitive.
on Adefined as R={(a,b):b=a+l}
Hence, S is an equivalence relation.
Reflexive: Let (a,a) eR
’a=a+l’a-a=l»0=1, which is not
possible. 37. Soln. f(x) is not one-one (i.e., injective)
.:. (a,a) R»Ris not reflexive. (-x)'
Symmetric: Let (a, b) eR’b=a+l As f(-x) = =f(X)
1+(-x)* 1+x*
Now, if (b, a) e R But x #-x

’a=b+l’b=b+1+1 (using (i) For the function to be an onto function, let

y=f(x)
>b=b+2’ b-b=2’0=2,
whichis not possible 1+x²
’ (b,a) eR’ Ris not symmetric.
Transitive: Let (a,b) eRand (b,c) eR
>h=a+landc=h+|c=u++1
’c=a+2* a+l»(a,c) eR ’ Risnot transitive. 1-y
0sysl
36. Soln. We have A=X¬Z:0sxs12} ’ Range of f(x) is not equal to its codomain.
.:. A={0,1,2,3, ....12} Hence, it is not onto.
That is, the given function is neither one-one
Also, nor an onto function.
S={(a,b):a,beZ|a-b|lis divisible by3}
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38. Soln. R= {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)} ’ Either ,-x, =0 ..()
Clearly R is reflexive. xË+x,x, +x; =0 ....11)
Ris not symmetric since
(1,2) e Rbut (2,1) e R But equation (ii) is not possible as x,x, eR
(2,3) e Rbut (3,2) e R .. x-X, =0
(3,1) e Rbut (1,3) e R
We have shown that
Also, R is not transitive.
Since (1,2) e R,(2,3)e Rbut (1,3) # R. f(x,) = f(x,)
x=x,, ,x,eR
39. Soln. f is not injective, since .:. f(x)is a one - one function.
f(x) = fly)
*+x=y' +y
r'+r*=y' +y+ 41. Soln. J :K’K is given by
f(x) =x'+1
For injective:

Let f(x) = f(y)

r'+l=y' +1

X=y
Thus, f(x) = fly)
Thus, f(x) = f(y) does not ive the unique solution
x=yx, yeR
x=y but also gives x= y-1.
Thus, f is not injective. For surjective:
fis not surjective, since clearly f(x) =x*+x0 Let yeR
for all x eZ.
Then, (x) = y
Thus, negative integers do not have pre- images
in Z.
x'+1=y
Therefore, f is not an onto function. x'=y-l
Thus, for any yeR,
40. Sol. The given function is f:R’Rsuch that
f(x) =4x'+7 x=(y-1)is real number and
One- one: Given that f() =fl(y-1)"]
f(x) =4x'+7
Let f(x,) = f(x,), Vx,,x, e R
-[y-y"]+1
=(y-I)+1=y
4x+7=4x; +7
’ fis surjective.
4x =4r
-*=0 Therefore, f is bijective.
(x,-x, (x;+ x,x,+ xË) =-0 42. Sol. Here, R= {(a, b) : b=a+1}
..R= {a, a +1) :a, a+1 e(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
’ R={(1,2)(2,3).(3,4),(4,5),(5,6)}
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 Ris not reflexive as (a,a) RVa 44. Sol. Let x, YE Rsuch that (x) = fly)
(ii) Ris not symmetric as (1, 2) e R but (2, 1) f(x) =fly)
If x and y are odd, then
(iii) Ris not transitive as (1,2) e R, (2,3) e R fx) = fly)
but (1,3) R x+l=y+1

If x and y are even, then

43. Sol. Given, R= (a, b) : a, be A,|a-b|} is divisible
f(x) = f(y)
by 4)
Reflexivity: For any ae A x-l=y-l
Ja-al =0, which is divisible by 4 X=y
(a, a) e R If x is odd and y is even, then
So, R is reflexive. S(x) = x+l is even and f(y)=y+lis odd.
Symmetry: Let (a,b) e R .. x*y’f(x)fly)
la-b|is divisible by4 Hence, f:N’N is one -one
|b-alis divisible by 4 Also, f) =1+l=2
[la-b|Hb-a|]| f)=2 (":1 is odd)
(b,a) eR Ifx is odd number, then an even natural
So, R is symmetric. number, x+le N such that,
Transitive: Let (a,b) eR and (b, c) e R f(x+1) = X+1-I
’ Ja-b| is divisible by 4 =X

’ la-b=4k If xis even number, then there exista odd

natural number x-leN such that.
a-b=t4k, ke Z ...i)
f(x-)= X-1+1
Also, |b-c| is divisible by 4
’b-cl= 4m =X

Hence for every yeN xeN such that f(x) =

b-c= +4 m, me Z ......11)
Y, so f is onto.
Adding equations (i) and (i)
Hence f i_ both one- one and onto.
a-b+b-c= t4(k+ m)
a-c=t(k+ m) 45. Sol.
la-clisdivisible by 4,
(a,c) e R
So, R is transitive.
--69-*
Hence, Ris not reflexive.
’R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
N
..R is an equivalence relation.
46. Sol. Let (a, b) e Nx
Let x be an element of Rsuch that (x, l) eR Then,
Then ]x-1| is divisible by 4 a' +b' =a +b
x-l=0,4,8, 12,..
(a, b) R(a, b)
x=1,5,9 (xs12)
Hence Ris reflexive.
..Set of all elements of Awhich are related to 1
Let (a, b), (c, d) e NxN be such that
are (1, 5, 9).
(a,b) R(c, d)
Equivalence class of 2 i.e.,
(2] =(a,2) :a e A,| a-2| isdivisible by 4} a'+d' =b+c
la-2|=4k(k is whole number, ks3) +b' =d' +a'
a=2,6,10 (c,d) R (a, b)

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 Hence, Ris symmetric. Let (a, b) R(C, d) for (a, b), (c, d) e NxN
Let (a, b), (c, d), (e, f) e Nx N be such that ad(b+c) =bc(a+ d) ..i)
(a, b) R(c, d), (e, d) R(e, f). Also, (c,d) R(a,b)
a' +d' =b' +c' ....0) " cb(d+a) = da(c+b) [By commutation of
and c'+f'=d' +e' ...1) addition and multiplication on N]
R is symmetric. ..(1)
Adding eqn. (i) and (i),
Let (a, b)R (C, d) and (c, d) R(e, f) for a, b, c, d, e,
a'+d'+e'+f'=b' +e' +d' +e' feN
d+f = b'+e ad(b+ c) = bc(a+ d) .....iv)
’ (a,b) R (e, f) and cf<d+ e) = de(c+ f) .....v)
Hence, R is transitive Dividing egn. (iv) by abcd and egn. (v) by cdef
Since, Ris reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
Therefore, R is an equivalence relation. i.e.,
b d a

47. Sol. Given a relation S in NxN, defined as and

e
(a, b) S(c, d), if a+ d =b+c.
On adding, we get
Reflexive Let (a, b) be any arbitrary element of N
xN I,1,
i.e., (a, b) e Nx N, where a, be N ed da f c
Now, as a+b=b+a af(b+e) = be(a+ f)
(": addition is commutative) Hence

: (a,b) S(a,b) (a, b) R(e, f)

R is transitive.
So, S is reflexive.
From equations (i), (ii) and (iv), R is an
Symmetric Let (a, b), (c, d) e Nx N, such that equivalence relation.
(a, b) S(c, d). Then, a +d=b+c
b+c=a+d’c+b=d+a
49. Sol. The given relation is R={(a, b): Ja -b| is
(c,d) S(a, b) even} defined on set A = (1,2,3,4,5).
So, S is symmetric. Reflexive As |x-x| =0 is even, xe A
Transitive Let (a, b), (c, d), (e. f) e NxNsuch Therefore, R is reflexive.
that Symmetric Let {x, y}eR>| x-ylis even
(a, b) S(c,d) and (c, d) S(e, f). [by the definition of given
Then, a +d=b+cand c+f=d+e relation]
On adding the above equations, we get ly-x|is also even (:la-a|, VaeR]
a+d+c+f=b+c+d+e ’ (y,x)eR
a+f=b+e»(a,b) S(e,f) Thus, (x, y) eR
So, S is transitive. ’ (y, x)eR, x, ye A
Thus, S is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Therefore, Ris symmetric.
Hence, S is an equivalence relation. Transitive Let (x, y)eRand (y, z) e R
’ |x-y lis even and |y-z< is even.
d)
48. Sol. Given (2, b) R(C,d) as ad(b+ c) = bc(a+ [by using definition of given relation]
a,be N, Now, |x -y| is even.
Or ab(b+ a) = ba(a+b) ’ x and y both are even or odd.
Or (a, b) R(a, b) And |y -x is even.
’yand z both are even or odd.
Ris reflexive
Clearly, two cases arises.
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 Case I When y is even. Then, both x and z are
even. 24x,x, -16x, +18x, -12= 24xx, +18x, -16x, 12
’X-zis even.
Or -l6x, +18x, =18x,-16x,
[:: difference of two even numbers is even)
’ (x,z)eR Or -l6x,-18, =-18x, -16:x,
Case ilWhen y is odd. or 34x =-34x
Then, both x and z are odd. Or x = X;
|x-z|is even. Or f is one-one.
[: difference of twO odd numbers is To showf is onto:
even] Let, yeB
’ (x,z)eR
y=f(x)
Thus, (x, y)eRand (y,z) e R 4r+3
Or y=
’ (x,z)eR, x,y,ze A 6x 4
Therefore, R is transitive. 6x-4)=4x+3
Since, R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive, so 6xy 4y=4x+3
it is an equivalence relation.
6xy-4x = 4y +3
x(6y-4) =4y+3

50. Soln.
fx,)= f(x,) Or x=
eB=R
Or For every value of yexcept y = ,there is a
3
Or x =X, 4y+3
pre-image x= =8(y).
.:.fis a one-one function. 6y-4
Let,
V=fa)=-2 Or XE A
x-3 Or f is onto.
3y-2 To find fi.
Or ,where y#land x*3
y-1 Since, f is one- one and onto, therefore fis
.:.For each ye Bthere exists xE Asuch that invertible.

f(x) = y or f is onto 4x+3

fis a one - one and onto function.
Thus, f'(x)
=8%)
52. Soln.
Or f is bijective function. (0) f(x)=X+| x|
S:B’A with f'(x) = _ Jx+x, if x20_ [2x, f x20
X-1
l-*f x<0 l0. f x<0
51. Soln. Thus,
4x+3 f(x) =2x >0x >Oand f(x) =0Vx<0
Given f(x) =-6x-4
. f(x) can't be negative for any xeR
To show fis one - one: Thus, f is not onto.
Let, fx,)=f(x), (i) We have f(x) =x+1VxER
4x, +3_4x, +3 For any y eR,y= f(x) ’y=x+1’x=y-1
Then
6x -4 6x, -4 .. S(y-l) =y-1+1=y
Or Hence, f is onto.

(4x,+3X6x,-4) =(6x,-4X4 x,+3)

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 Hence, each element of co-dominan (R*) is the
53. Soln. image of some element of domain (R*).
R={(a,b):a+b» =25} be a relation on 2.
To domain of R is the value of ae Z that satisfy 56. Soln.
the relation a +b =25
Here, .4=-dB=[-L!)
Domain of R= {0, +3,t4, +5} Also f:A’B such that f(x) = sinx
.. f is one - one.
fx)=f(x,)>sinx, =sin x,
54. Soln. If J:A’B is such that VEB ,then
f)={xe A:f(x)=y}
In other words, yis the set of pre- images Also, range (f) = (-1, 1] = B. So, f is onto.
Thus. f is one - one and onto and hence bijective.
of y.
Let f'(17) =x
57. Soln.
fx) =17r+l=17
We have f:R’ Rdefined by f(x) = x'+x
x=17-l= 16> x=t4
Let x,x, e Rsuch that f(x,) = fx,)
ra)={-4,4} »+x, =+x, ’*-x+x-x, =0
Again, letf-3)=x, then
f(x) =-3x'+l=-3
» (K,-x,(x;+ x, x,+ x;+I) =0
’I,-x, =0
’ r=4 ’ r = 4 (:x;+x,x,+ x;>0for all x, x, e R
Clearly no solution is available in R. :. x+xx,+x;+1>1for all x,, x, ¬R]
So, f(-3) =¢.
J is one-one
55. Soln.
Let y be any arbitrary element of R, then there
Here, f:R’R* defined by f(x) = exists x e Rsuch that f(x) =y.

One -One: Let x,x, e R* (domain)

Since, odd degree equation has atleast one real
f(x,)>!
Now, f(x,) = 2x, 2x,
root.
Thus, for every value of y, the equation
’ 2x, =2x, =, x+*-y=0 has a real root a, such that
f is one-one.
a +a-y =0
Onto : Let ye R (co-domain) be any arbitrary
element then y0
’f(a) =y
Thus, for every yER, ae R such that
Let y = f(x)
fla) = y
1
y=r-eR* So. f is onto function.
2x 2y Hence, :R’Ris a bijection.
f is onto.

is non zero real 58. Soln.

Hence, f is bijective where
2y Here, R = ((a, b): a is a factor of b for a, be N
Reflexive: Let a be an arbitrary element of N
number.
then, clearly, a is a factor of a.

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 .. (a, a) eRVaeN.:. Ris reflexive. () Consider,
Symmetric: Clearly 2 and 6 are natural numbers R={(1,).4,2), (2,3),(2,2),(1,3), (3,3)}
and 2 is a factor of 6.
As, (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3) lie in R1
.. (2,6) eR but 6 is not a factor of .:.Ri is reflexive.
2’ (6,2) R
Also, (1,2) eR,(2,3)eR, (13) eR,
Thus, (2,6) e Rbut (6,2) R..Ris not So, R, is also transitive.
symmetric.
Transitive: Let a,b,ce N
Since, (2,3) eR, but (3,2) e R,.
So, it is not symmetric.
Now (a, b) e R and (b,c) e R
’ (a is a factor of b) and (b is a factor of c)
(i) Conside, R, ={(1,2),(2, 1)}
’ b=ad and c= be for some d, ee N As, (1,2) e R, and (2, l) e R,
’ c=(ad) e =a(de) [By associative law] So, it is symmetric but it is neither reflexive nor
transitive.
’a is a factor of c» (a,c) eR
(iii) Consider,
Thus, (a, b) eRand (b,c) e R(4,c) e R
.. Ris transitive. R,={(1,2), (2,1),(1,1), (2,2),(3,3), (1,3),
(3,1).(2,3), (3,2)}
59. Soln. Hence, R, is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
(i) Here, f:R’R given by f(x) =sinx
61. Soln.
Let x,x, e Rsuch that f(x,) = f(x,)
’ sinx, =sinx, =n7+(-1) "x, ’,=x, (i) Here, x=, which is rational and satisfying
.. fis not one-one. first condition.
Let yeR be any arbitrary element, then there
exists x e Rsuch that f(x) =y
sin x =y»x= sin y
(ü) Here, x=/2,which is irrational and
: For y>1,x¢ R(domain)
f is not onto.
ARVIND CAP satisfying second condition.

Hence, f is not a bijective function.

(ii) Here, x=I, which is irrational and satisfying
(i) f:R’Rdefined by f(x) =sin x+ cos'x second condition.
Since, f(x) = sin² x+ cos x=1
Now, f(x) =1 is a constant function and we know (iv) Here, x=2+\3, which is irrational and
that constant function is neither injective nor satisfying second condition.
surjective. :: f(2+/3) =-1
. fis neither one-one nor onto.
Clearly, f(x) is many one as f(x) =-1 for x =2
60. Soln. and 2+3.
We have given, A= {1,2,3,4} And f(x) takes values only 1 and -1.

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