Phon e: (033 ) 2350 4034 , 2351 8691 , 2360 830I

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IARBABHARATIYA SANGEET-O-SANSKRITI PARISHAD t), Kolkata - 700 006, W.B., India
/ Sans kritl Bhawan, 1A, Jadu nath Sen Lane, (off Kaila sh Bose Stree
Arts, Rabindra Bharati University,
Recognised by West Benga l State Akade my of Dance, Drama, Music & Fine
a/ Music and Performing Arts
Kolkata, Punja bi University, Patiala and Karnataka State D,: Gangubai Jlang
I rrtiversity, Mysuru, Karnataka. Equivalent to the Certif icate I Diplo ma
I Degrees of Raja Man Singh Tomar Music
& Art University, Gl•:alio,; A1adhya Pradesh and Indira Kala Sangit Vishwavidy
alaya , Khhairagarh, Chattisgarh.
MARKSHEET of the Annual Examination
\; Name : Arushi Sengupta s/d/w of Pras enjit Seng upta
~,
; '
t
~...' "'"· Regn. No. : SSSP/1071036/22-23 Roll No. : 45998 Subje ct : BHAR AT NATYAM Year : PP- I
i~~~
: .."1i1• Centre : Shinj ini Danc e Acad emy, Kanc hrapa ra
Code No.: 24N/44
~·~-
.
PREV IOUS SESS ION
~\\.11 CURR ENT SESS ION 2022-2023
..>'
...i\
. ·,.-p. Theor etical Theor etical
Total
~-.-~ Pract ical Total Pract ical
P\
·;•tl -· 1st 2nd 1st 2nd
~;"
" '\ Paper Paper Paper Pape r
,;_"\,
. ;i' '4 Full Marks 100 100
'"},-,~ t
•T
' ;
-~ Pass Mark s 35 35
,
'. I'~,
. -i;
78 78
I I
Passe d in. l st Division.
REMARKS I Distin ction in Practi cal .
I.Ol'II ~~ re
 . · BO OK S

fMMW@lT
?N PLANTS
- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --. . .---
SYLLABUS
. --- ~7
D ff us 1on - definit ion:
Osmosis - def 1nit1on example. semipermeable. memb
oc+ ve transport rane., root pressure,
Transpirat on - def in1t1on importance. and factors
affecting tronsp1rot1on
S·"'llcture and function of Xylem and Phloem in detai
l.
Importance of minerals: macro and micro -nutrients
; three def 1c1ency
d,seoses caused by lock of these essential nutrients

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
carb on diox ide from th e atm osph ere. The
You ha\·e alre ady lear nt that plan ts can wate r alon g with min erals is ab!>orbed from
prepare their own food b y a proc ess calle d the soil thro ugh the roots. It is then trnn.-.ported
vhmosvnthesis. For tlus process, plan ts requ ire upw ards to the leaves of the plant.
ca.Ii:xm-dioxide and wate r. The leav es take in
'
The food prep ared by the leav es is
tran spor ted arts of the plan t incl udin g

....
~..ad l'OOtat:•·•~~1-m-

l
~el
•.str.. .S
.,, in plan ts is the
tf#bf rcc,~

....,........
II
......
C 2 all
,,.
............
p
I
stances abso rbed or
art of the pl.m t are
of the plan t
~- ---
if water and food--'in
a cond ucti ng syst em
ti-;.._ues - xyle m and
1tg 1.J 111e ront (undergro \ torm the vasc ular
und)
ground) are the co11d11ct111;.:

~-l 's Transport in Plants

~r
THE CONDUCTING OR TRANSPORTING
TISSUES
Functions of ,,·le
Th-:.s tissue f1.."rn1s a tubular 1
- The n1ain f t ~ ~
~. . .1~,1~e tl..) !r~ ' ''- ' "' ' - il 1... "' , It~ . -- "'-UOf\ of \.,rL--_
ot Water and . -.<Qllis~
; :'\."':-:-:. :....l-ic:."' n..,')rs n.." the .1eri.1l P<1rt~ '--"f the rlant. roots rnin~rat
to the a.,,...;al 5-llts h.
The '\.y:en1 ti~~ut:' c'--"n~1sts 1.."f ,.c•:.- l)Tcs of
cc::::: ,Y:eni tr.1~hei ..is '\.\·len-1 Y('S:Sds '\.Ylem
~ T ..... 1 Parts ·
- · mchcicts. '·esseis
rro,·icte
ot the
and \.~·lein_~~
•~~
pb~~i
fi::-':'e~ .1r..d '\.Y;en1
. .
P.1r('ndn·n1.1.
.
~ lllechan1ca1 ._
. uprort to the l
_ pant.
- tren~tt.
,:) 1t,
• ~ t:' , .:1:-(' el'--"n~.lte1..i
'-
de,1d cells ,,·ith
ta..t.ier....., ..~ e:1(is. Their ,,· ..1lls ha Ye thick.enings
'- !~,-,:hie~
gs~inthe
has ~n tTunk of qI} rL
,,ith Ll~.r-.1: _F0~- The~· rr(l\'lde n1echanical
-·~1v ~.:
\. \"1en1 rin~s Thecut transvf>h,_
strr'ngth ,L'"ld surr,.."rt to the plant in addition .
determined bv~. aoe
. ~ o a tree
f •
,'hi.. 7
-~1
tL"' u...,nducting ,,·ater ur\',,ards. . counting the nUinbez :"
• They are tube-like structures
0ren at both ends. The,· are placed Activity 1
o;e aboYe the other t~ forn1 long To study xylem as the Water
tissue. c~
cha..'U1els. Just like tracheids, they pro,ide
:::!lechanical support to the plant and Take a soft h,ig of a fiowenn
conduct ,,·ater up,,·ards. and put it in a beaker cont-au• g ~
Add a few drops of red ink t ~ ~
• '\: em d They are LeaYe the h,ig in this water for-::
small, thick ,,-ailed, li,ing cells. They store hour. Cut a thin slice of the stem tt
food and also help to conduct "Tater and h,ig. Keep this slice of the stern tl
mineral salts. glass slide. Put a few drops o~ ,,-ate .
the slide. ObserYe the slide unde
microscope. You "ill obsen·e that cti
the xylem gets stained as wata
transported up through \.~·Ian.

~ lern "de r . em conduclS »-ater

They are thic It ~ .. ....... t \ Jman'I
.,.OH:.-.
with taperin . t rts of th~ P

..
mechanicals nous pa d a!..1
bundle an •
. :
 phloe m also exten ds along the Func tions of ph loem
x\' Ie 0 1 , in the root, stem
" th ot· theplant bodv,
- I 1. Phloem trans ports food prepa red by
lt'Ilg
~ -hes and
t:,raflL
leaves. the leaves to all parts of the plant .
The phloe m tissu e cons ists of the 2. Phloem parenchyrna helps in the storage
follo,nng four types of cells : sieve tubes, of food. The phloe m scler enchy ma
cooipanion cells, phloe m paren chym a and (phlo em fibres) provi des mech anica l
h}oem fibres. supp ort to the plant .
r.. c;,e~e tuopc are forme d of cylin drica l
Kinds of condu cting tissue s in plants
cells that are devoi d of nucle us. They
Cond ucting Tissu es
are found arran ged in vertic al rows ,
placed end to end. Their end ,valls are
perforated and are called -1e·:e plate s. Xylem trache ids - Sieve tubes
Thro ugh these sieve plate s, food ,- Xylem vesse ls - Comp anion cells
material passe s from cell to cell. Thus, .- Xylem paren chym a Phloe m
sie,·e tubes play an impo rtant role in paren chym a
transporting food. Xylem fibers Phloe m fibers
• Comnilnw are living, thin walle d, Differ ences betwe en xylem and phloe m
elongated cells found attac hed to the Phloe m
Xylem
sides of the sie\'e tubes. These cells help
the sieve tubes in the cond uctio n of 1. Conducts water and 1. Trans locate s food
miner al salts from from the leave s to
food. the storag e organ s '.
is forme d of thin- the roots to the
• I, - ·rend · and growi ng parts I
aerial parts of the
walled paren chym atous cells. These cells plant. of the plant. ;
I
store food. 2. Made up of I 2. Made up of sieve 1
.... 'i are dead scler enchy ma trach eids, vesse ls, tubes , comp anion \
•
fibres formed of elong ated cells. These xylem prenc hyma cells, phloe m ;
fibres pro,·ide mechanical stren gth and and xylem fibres. paren chym a and \
phloe m fibres. \
support to the plant. I

Pores in ltle sieve 3. Condu cting cells 3. Cond uctin g cells I

_....,...,:......_ plate Phloem sap
(vessels and tracheids) (sieve tubes ) are
passes lh~JSll-=
tlle ~IUl iiii living.

--: pla~ Cond uctio n

bidire ctiona l.
Condu ction requires
expen ditur e
is

of '
1

I
energ y.

wate r,
tern cann ot.
e demons-
Fig 1.3 LS. of plz/oe, ahead.
 \ ,m)l'"""tht' roots absorb water. Test Tube
'L1l-.l' four lL'Sl lubes c1nd mark them A A
C ,1nd D. , B,
Fill \\',ltt'r in ll'Sl tuhl'S A B , 11 tJ1 ('
' Cl · up lo
,lblHl l lhrt'l' qulHl l'l'S, c1nd only c1 littJp
,1mnunt nt w,,tl'r in ll'sl lubl' D
Water level fall
Inot hy cva s at
Pora.
lion from lhc abs0
water surface Plant

8 clue to the roois

011
presence of oil) Watc

A B C D ~ater level fall, W

Just as in tube B ater &ot
~tal'f of the c.,peri11umt but here the v .J, plant tbr
. · ems r0ots
l 1\. ,l ('lW1' firmh O\ er the mout h of le~t m the leaves have th • aJld
taken up the red e lca'le
tubt' \. ,1nd k,1,·c il.
colour of water.
T ,11'L' th rt'C youn g smal l-size d plan ts
such ,u, balsa m with their roots intact . D The leaves
The le
\ \ ,1sh their roots unde r tapw a ter and shrivelled up. water b
inser t the1n in the test tubes B, C and ration
'
D in a mann er that the roots get not be
by a
fully dippe d in water in test tubes B and throuo0
C but ren1ain well above the water level
in test tube D.
In C, add a dye (such as pink- colou red Transoort of Food
carn1ine) to water . Pour a few drops of Durin g photo synth esis, the
oil (like musta rd oil) in B and C which prod uce their food as glucose w
,-vill float on the surfac e and preve nt any stored in the form of starch. This
loss of water by evapo ration . trans porte d in the form of a st
soluti on throu gh the phloem upw
Mark the level s of wate r in the four
Q ards to all parts of the
test tubes with a m
l ·ts roots . This is also c
up for about 24 l
of solute s (food).
chang e in their w

Concise BIOLOGY
 TEA ABSORPTION BY THE ROOTS inner cell membrane. The outer cell wall is
\'IA \Ve · wit· I1 t Iw al1 ~l1rpt1on
· rigid ,rnd the inner cell membrane encloses
,Ht' f.lmihar ot·
thl' nudcus, cytoplasm and its contents.
t,, Hc1ttin~ r,lf,t'r or by (l)ttllll d1ppl'd
"·,1tt'r
• t ,r In t,l.,th (.1"l'!-. w,1k'1 1~ l bed
. ,11.._o, The ce ll wc1ll is said to be freelv
Ul \\ ,1 t . . . perrnc,1blc ,is it c1llows all s ubs tances t~
.,r .,F.,ert\ t't (,1p1ll,u1t \' t,1ll1,1ctwn of
t,,• tIlt' F l .,
p.iss through it. The cell membrane is
• m1..'lt'.:-uk!'.- ttH,•,uds n,11 ro,, '-p,1Cl''-)
\\·,1tt'f . semi- permeable . ft allows the water
. ~urf,1.:-t' tt'n:-wn But thl' ,1b"orpt10n of
·1n..1 ,-.. t,,· till' nwb 1~ qu1tl' . J ..
uitterent. To
molecules to pass through it, but prevents
,,•,1tt1 .. . the entry of any larger molecules. This
~ ,r,t uh.i it, kt us tir.;;t co nsider the
Ulll•l - • feature of the cell membrane facilitates the
,.turt' '-'f the r1..'1..1 t, movement of water molecules from the
::t[th.
- The ro1..'t -.,-.tem of plants consists of a soil into the root cells.
nuz ·,, rtnlt, \\ hich ...giYeS out lateral (ura11c/z) The cell sap in the root hair cell is said
' ' The lateral roots bear a large
)t to be of a high concentration as it contains
ttH · ·
,..,tier of trne outgrowths called root- more solutes compared to the surrounding
nuu,
hutrS (fig. i.-l). soil water. This promotes water absorption.

Speciality of root hairs

The root hairs are well-suited for
absorbing water from the soil in three
ways:
1. The numerous root hairs provide a
I g s . . More the surface
Fig 1.-J Root system of a plant area, greater is the absorption.
2. Root hairs contain cell sap which is
ROOT HAIR : Gi,·en below is a
of a higher cone?_ tr ,t,1 , than the
ma£Ilified ,iew of a root hair (Fig. 1.5). It
... surrounding soil water.
is a long protuberance (extension) of an
epidermal cell of the root. This cell being 3. The cell wall is freely permeable, i.e.,
a plant cell, has an outer cell wall and an permits movements of all types of
ut the cell membrane is
. It allows only some
ss through it.
a semi-permeable
e illustrated by the
IRlO.E'JS (Fig. 1.6).
eable membrane lies
one side (A) and a
on the other side (B).
a higher
 conccnlra lion of sugt1r molccul,es, t11erc arc
no sugt1r molecules in waler. simple
tim' process of .
In other words, side /\, containing on! c, carbon d. d1ffus- I
the atrnos ioxide ct· loll. ~l
water m~Jcculcs is cl diluh• • olutto : and Phere int If~....,_ ~
oxygen d. o th ""l
~hcrcas side B, containing sug,u ~olutio~ leaf ce ll s . iffuses oue le~
1s a concentrated solution ;1s lH•rc llw du . into th t ft ~
nng photosynth ~ atll\ ~
waler molecules lire comp,lr,1liv<.'ly less .rnd Thi 5 es1s. Os~
s ugar molecules cln' morL'. movement ~
gas, liquid o of llloJe I
WAHR MOLC:CULl.:S CAN
c•oncentration to r ijOlid
I cu ~
frol!l
L'ASILY rASS 1 ! ◄ ROUGH
THE SL:: l'ORI ~ SI Ml l'U~ML:AULI.: M[MBAANL' u : "'ailed diffu . ower con
s1on
o A0
o O oJ, O
\i •o()oO
oO
2· Osmosis . It .
. is the
water molecules f lllov,lllhl
higher concentPt' rorn its re~•111,
00. . 0 permeable
... ion th,0
oooo
0 ......►
o
0
ooo
°
. membm
ne to th ugh •
its 1ower concentration. ere,
o
MORE WATER Q Q
O Q
Q
oo~
~
•
0 SUGAR
MOLECULES
CANNOT PASS
3. Active transport : The r J
MOLECULES
GOINTHIS Q ~ 0 THROUGH
THESE PORES
absorb both water an d Cle Ill
fr om the soil. Water en~" - n•.
DIRECTION~ Q - O

0
o
o~o o
o~oo o O
~ - ( Q Q
0
h .
au cell by osmosis b ~
~r., \l"

c~ncen~ration of water ~ol e

FEWERWATER ~ ~
~
0 Q 0 higher
. ~
m the soil than insidellif
MOLECULES GO
IN THIS DIRECTION h aus. But in case of m.n
they are more in conce
Fig. 1.6 Diagrammatic representation of the
inside the root hairs than •
nature of a semi-permeable membrane
soil. These minerals have
After a while it will be observed that absorbed from a level~f
the level of water on side A decreases, and concentration (soil) to a level of
the level of sugar solution on side B concentration (cell). This ~
molecules from their lmcer ~vm.~m""
increases. This occurs be~P,use w~e~
to a higher concentmtitm requms
molecules whidt are more on •ide' ~ ha\119
and is called active transport.
moved across to side B, where tftey are
less in number.
Activity 3
The 1no:vement of water molecules from
a dilute solution to a concentrated sol · study osmosis with the help of
across . ed grapes) and fresh grapes.
known d as Aand B. In~
two bowls name ' er~
Three t ater and put sorn d511);
are seen 1n concentrate ,
ke . jtLeJ
e grapes in .
1.
 ~
A. Raisins in water 8. Grapes in sugar solution
SOIL
PARTICL[

ROOT\

~,Q~) .......
Raisins have swollen B. Grapes have shrunk WATER .ANO MINERALS
A. HfTEAtNG INTO fHE
fiOOT H.AJR
e two set ups (A & B) undisturbed for
th . . an d
. of ra1sms Fig. I . 7 Move111e11t of K 11tcr lllo11,: ,, 111,
urs Observe tl1e size
two !lo · 111i11rrtd, i11 ll plll11/
es after some time in both the bowls.
grap
In bowl A, raisins have swollen due to ascent of sap through the stem into the leaves
endosmosis and in bowl B, grapes have upto a certain height.
shrunk due to exosmosis.
TRANSPIRATION
These changes in their sizes have
You have learnt that plants continuousl y
happened due to the difference in the
absorb water through their roots. This water
concentrations of raisins and water and
is distributed through the stern to all parts of
also grapes and sugar solution. The outer the plant, including the leaves. Only a little
membrane of raisins and grapes is semi- amount of water is either retained in the plant
permeable in nature which allows the entry or utilised by it during photosynth esis. The
and exit of water molecules in and out of rest of it gets evaporated into the atmosphere
the cells. as water vapour through the stomata present
L in the epidermis of the leaves by a process
Aslenl of sap: The water is absorbed by called transpiratio n.
the root hairs from the surroundin g soil by
Tr, - · •, ttio11 is the loss of water in the
osmosis. It then moves into the inner cells of
the root by cell-to-cell diffusion and osmosis form of water vap our from the aerial
to reach the central xylem, which CQ~~8
upward into the stem and the l~v~;.Tbls spiration, a suction
upward movement of water and mmerals xylem vessel. This
force
(called sap) is called ascP L .1f sap.
force c o be pulled up from
I<oot press urc : It is the pressure the xyl o the stem and then
developed in the root due to the continuous ling force is called the
inflow of water because of This is very important
osmosis. As a result of this P. upward conduction
enters the xylem vessels and h pto a height of 100 m
~he plant sap upwards. Thus
18
one of the forces which co
 - -- -.a:ac • n cc--n::rnn - or ca p1 ary
tub es, wh ere nar row er the dia me ter 2. Transpiration hel ps.
, gre ate r
is the for ce of mo vem ent of wa ter co nc en tra tio n of in lllail\t .
mo lec ule s
up wa rds . Wh ene ver the xyl em ves pla nt bo dy . Th the sap .~tlli
sel s lie
em pty , suc h as du rin g the los s of
wa ter by a b sor b wa ter. f e r Oots colf\s••~
tra nsp ira tio n, the wa ter fro m bel ow
rises int o wa ter is no t evrorn th e sou l'lt'11n
the m by a cap illa ry force . Wa ter wo uld then beci~~ra~ed o~t \
1nolccules
are pu lle d up du e to the ir ten fur the r absorptio dilute, p; h,
de nc y of th .
rem ain ing joi ned tog eth er (co hes n of Wat ev
ion) an d e minerals required b er alon
sti ck to the sid es of the xy lem Y the g
ve sse ls Uses of water in the P~nt
(ad hes ion ). I nt
Pa
. Th e wa ter abs orb ed b
Factors affecting the rate of tra im po rta nt for the plant i th Y the r
nspiration T
ran spo rta tio n, food prond ree rn . 0c
. a1n w
Th e fol low ing 1nain fac tor s aff ect
of tra nsp ira tio n :
the rat e 1. Transportation The Uction and
bo dy , bo th i~ xylewater in the
1. Su nli gh t : Du rin g day tim e, tra nsp orts substances inm and
the rat e of Ph
tra nsp ira tio n is faster. Th is is bec aus fr om one par t to ano a solun,.__
e the ther. "Vil
sto 1n ata ren 1ai n op en to all ow 2. Food production. Water is r .
the
inw ard dif fus ion of car bo n dio xid
e for p~ ot? syn thesis. It combines ~
ph oto syn the sis . Du rin g nig ht tim d10x1de from the air in the
e, the
sto ma ta rem ain clo sed an d
tra nsp ira tio n ha rdl y occ urs .
he nc e sun lig ht and chlorophyll
glucose and oxygen.
r;~
2. Te mp era tur e: Tra nsp ira tio n is 3. Co oli ng. The heat utilized when ~
fas ter on
ho t su mm er da ys du e to is tra nsp ire d from the surface of~
fas ter
eva po rat ion of wa ter . in the form of water vapour indud
3. Wi nd : Tra nsp ira tio n is mo re cooling effect.
wh en the
wi nd is blo wi ng fas ter as wa ter va Yo u mu st ha ve experienced
po ur sta nd ing un der a tree during a hot su::i
mo ves aw ay fas ter fro m the sur fac
e$ ~id da y, giv es yo u a cooling effect...
lea ves.
1 ~l in g is no t entirely due to shade, bit
4. Hu mi dit y : Transpiration is reduce
d if cftte to the loss of water from the sur.ll:
the air is humid. Air cannot hold
any tal lea ves by evaporation. Since evat'!r.a
wa ter molecules when it is already ptt>duces coolness, it makes the air Ct~l 1
laden
wt th . ··-~·-·· cdbl air bei ng heavier, tends to setl!tidL
n1a kes the surroundings pleasant.
lmportan
Activity 4
rate transpiration.
. weu-wate
all-sized, with
over the plan 1nd
thene bag a
 J>lc1 c~ the plc1nt in sunligh t, and
obst•rvc 1l after 4-6 hours. You will
~lOliCC' that drops hc1V<.' appl'clrcd on the
rnrwr 1->urfc1Ce of thl' polythene bag over
br,ind1 /\, while no water drop appears on
br,1nch 13.
Conclu sion : This experim ent indicates
th,1t mo'-il wc1tC'r gets <.'vclporc1tcd from
lhc plant through its k•,1vcs.
Rt1fcmt' ,f wot tr 1·apo111· hr th,• plant
·t 1110
uth around the base of the pol. IMPORTANCE OF MINERALS
1 s
Leave the plant m . sun 1·1gI1 l an d nolc the
Nu lrien t clemen ts (miner als) arc
chc1nge after c1 few hours. essential for the plants to grow well and
You will see drops of water on the inside complete their life-cycle properly.
surface of the bag, whid1 have appeared due The nutrient elements are divided into
to tl1e condensation of water vapour given out tn (macro :
two broad categories - rr
bv the plant. The experiment gives better
large) required in larger concentrations, and
results when it is hot and sunny outside.
micronutrients (micro : small) required in very
small amounts. All of the nutrient elements are
Activity 5 obtained from the soil.
To demon strate that the plants lose Activity 6
water through leaves.
Take one small-sized, well-w atered To study factors affecti ng the rate of
potted plant having a few branches. Place transpiration.
a polythene bag over its one branch as Take two small potted plants of same
shown in Fig. (A) and tie it with a rubber type having equal numbe r of leaves .
band. Leave one plant undisturbed. In another
Remove all the leaves from another lant, a 1 vaseline on either surface of
branch Fig. (B) of the same h the plants at same
this too with a polythene b serve and compare
with a rubber band. s and record your

PLASTIC BAG
applied on its leaves
s ecause transp iration
gaseous exchange and
plant could not take

The plant loses water bY,

- - ~ - - - - - ~ - --r~ '~ crr~ op~e Orff ie sylla bus ........ ucne
r aeficien~~o a~Q th~
T b
a le 1.1: Mac ro-n utrie nts and . · y cl~a r
~ll
I~N ; ;--- - - - - 7 - -- - fu~ i;i~ ~~m
Nutr ients ~ i~cr~o~-~n~u~tr~i:e~:s~f~
::-=::::;= -:- :-- --- +- ---R or th
Mac ro-n utrie nts -_o_le_in the Plan t e plants
__ __ _~-t-_M _:_
ajor Def· .
1. Nitro gen (N) M • lCftJJ
1 aJor cons titue nt of all prote ins. cl
1 Yellowing of I
2. Phos phor us (P ) c ons titue
· nt of cell m e mbra ne of cereal . eaves
.
cer t am prote ins. an d p grains . '"'l'tti
urp1e anct
3. Pota ssium (K ) M b d l rect s
. ore a u~da nt in grow ing tissue s, e ay in se d Pots °II
p e gerniin .
invo lved m the open ing and closin foor growth With r ~
of stom ata . g O
transpiration. e"
Micr o-nu trien ts
1. Iron (Fe )
Cons titue nt of some prote ins.
2. Man gane se (Mn) yell owing of leaves
Cons titue nt of some enzy mes.
Yellowing of leaves
3. Zinc (Zn) spots . 'Wiih
Cons titue nt of plan t horm ones ,
activ ates enzy mes. Deshaped leaves, ye
o f leaves, stunted Plant

~~~~~~~~I C REVIEW QUESTIONS) ~ ~~~~

Objective Type Questions :

1. Put a tick mar k ( ✓) agai nst the corref~ jilte r ative in the
following statements :
(a) Diff wno n occurs whe n molecules !hove

( i) from lowe r concentration to higher

(i i) from higher concentration to lower COJtlarntration through a

membrane.

(b)

rnade
o1\1\I
ntinue to tr

. : e eC
 (d) Force responsible for the ascent of sap is :
(i) Capillary force L__ J (ii) Root pressure
(iii) Transpirational pull L ; (iv) All the three
(e) Raisins swell when put in :
(i) Rain water (ii) Saline water

(i ii) Mustard oil (iv) Saturated sugar solution

(f) The root hairs are suited for absorbing water from the soil because :
(i) They have a large surface area.

(ii) They have a semi-permeable membrane.

(iii) They contain a solution of higher concentration than the surrounding water.

(hi) All the three.

(g) Transpiration is defined as

(i) the rise of water up to the stem of a plant.
(ii) the elimination of water with dissolved water products.

(iii) the loss of water as water vapour from the aerial parts of a plant.

(iv) the loss of water as water vapour from the roots as well as the leaves of the plant.

(Ii) Which one of the following favours the fastest transpiration rate ?
(i) A cool, humid, windy day D (ii) A hot, humid, windy day

(iii) A hot, humid, still day D (iv) A hot, dry, windy day

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable terms given below :

(fast, leaves, conducting, ascent, humid)
(a) Transportation in plants is carried out by a ...................... system.
(b) The upward movment of sap ~ W f l l l l • ·s called ................ of sap.
(c) Transpiration is more when the wind a ~ ..
(d) Most water gets evaporated from the plant from a
(e) Transpiration is reduced if the air is ...................... .
3. Match the terms given in
Column A
(a) Phloem parenchy
(b) Tracheids
(c) Xylem vessels
(d) Sieve tubes
(e) Companion cells
 4. State whether the following statements are True or False Rew •t
· n e the fal
se st
(a) Water absorption mainly occurs through the root-hair. atell\ell~

(b) Water enters the root-hair by osmosis.

\
(c) Water absorbed by the roots reaches the leaves and is used.
in proctu .
food for the entire plant. cing
(d) A semi-permeable membrane allows larger molecules to pa th
ss rou h
but prevents the smaller ones. g'

(e) Transpiration is the loss of water from the roots of the plant.

(f) Transpiration cools the plant when it is hot outside.

5. Name the plant tissue which helps in carrying food to different parts f
o a plant,
6. Name the following:
(a) Two conducting tissues of the plants
(b) Four components of Xylem tissue
(c) Four components of Phloem tissue
(d) Three factors which increase the rate of transpiration
(e) Three macronutrients
(f) Three micronutrients

Short Answer Questions :

1. Define the following terms :
(a) Semi-permeable membrane (b) Osmosis ( c) Diffusion
(d) Transpiration (f) Translocation of
(g) Root hairs
2. Write two important functions of each oftlti mg:
(a) Xylem (b) Phloem (c) Root
3. •• ••
4.
5. Under .
re quickly an d (b) most slowly
6.
7.
8. What ar • •• •
 ([,) Transpiration, despit~ resulting in loss of water from the plant, remains a crucial process
for its overall well-bemg.
Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of words indicated in the brackets [)
10 · (n) Diffusion and Active transport [concentration gradient]
(b) Nitrogen and Potassium [role in plant]
(c) Xylem and Phloem [direction of conduction]

Answer Questions (Write the answers in your notebook) :

0 lrllllM-- OIL- - - -
L "; 11 experiment was set _up as shown in the figure
1· alongside. After some time, the water level in test
tube A fell down but not in test tube B.
Why was there a fall in the water level of test tube A
but not in that of test tube B ?

A B

Given alongside is an experimental set up. Study the figure and

2 1 - - - - PLANT
' answer the following questions:
__._ _ CORK
(n) What is the main objective of the experiment?
(b) Name the tissue which is responsible for the process shown in
the figure. WATER STAINED
WITH DYE
(c) Name two dyes which can be used in the above experiment to
make a coloured solution.

3. The set up shown alongside was kept in sunlight for an hour. It was
observed that drops of water appeared on the inside surface of the
polythene bag.
(a) Name the process w hich is being demonstrated.
(b) Why was the pot with its soil left uncovered by the polythene bag?
(c) Why was the pot left in sun1$ht ?
(d) Suppose that the pot ill
room instead of placiJ.J& ~
would be noticed ?

4. Briefly explain, how transpira · in water in plants ?

5. How does temperature, li
6. Draw a magnified view . From the parts labelled
by you, name the parts
(a) Outermost layer of
(c) Part that is freely p

lants