Unit 1

INTRODUCTION TO
TECHNOLOGY AND
LEARNING
 Introduction
Technology has become integral to our daily lives, permeating
various aspects of society and revolutionizing how we communicate,
work, and live. From smartphones to artificial intelligence, technology
has transformed the world we know.

Moreover, technology has profoundly impacted various sectors,

including healthcare, transportation, entertainment, finance, and
education. It has improved medical treatments, facilitated global trade
and travel, revolutionized entertainment platforms, streamlined
financial transactions, and transformed the way we learn and teach.

As technology advances at an unprecedented pace, it is essential to

explore its potential benefits while considering the ethical, social, and
environmental implications. By harnessing technology responsibly,
collaboratively, and for the greater good, we can unlock its full
potential to create a more inclusive, sustainable, and prosperous
world for generations to come.
Lesson 1: ICT Competency Standards for Philippine
Pre-service Teacher Education

Learning Outcomes:
Identify the competency standard ICT necessary in teaching for
pre-service teacher education
Familiarized with the ISTE National Educational Technology
Standard for Teachers
What is ICT ?
What is ICT?

ICT stands for Information and

communication technology

The means of all technologies that

allow people and organization to
interact in digital world.
Who do you think is better equipped to handle
21st century learners?

Teacher using traditional teacher using digital

teaching method technology
ICT Competency Standards (CHED-UNESCO) as provided in the 2017,
Policy, Standards, and Guidelines (PSG) for Pre-Service Teacher
Education

The program outcomes for teacher education degrees clearly state that every future
teacher ‘’ demonstrates proficiency in the development and utilization of
Information, Communication, and Technology (ICT) resources in promoting
quality teaching-learning process.

To ensure that the program outcomes related to ICT shall be achieved, competencies
were identified to be developed by every Pre-Service Teacher (CHED-UNESCO,
Bangkok, 2009).
The ICT Competency Standards is made up of seven domains. Each domain has a set of
competencies. The competencies are expressed in desired learning outcomes. Becoming proficient in
the different competencies will enable you to handle learners of the 21st century in the future classroom.
These domains and corresponding competencies:

1.1. Demonstrate awareness of policies

affecting ICT in education

Domain 1:
1.2. Comply with ICT policies as they affect the
Understanding teaching-learning environment
ICT in Education

1.3. Contextualize ICT policies in

the learning environment
 2.1.Demonstrate understanding of concepts,
principles and theories of ICT systems as they apply
to teaching-learning

2.2.Evaluate digital and non-digital learning resources in

response to student's diverse needs.
Domain 2:
Curriculum and
2.3. Develop digital learning resources to
Assessment enhance teaching-learning

2.4. Use ICT tools to develop 21st century skills:

information media and technology skills,
learning skills, learning and innovation skills,
career skills and effective communication skills.
 3.1. Apply relevant technology tools for
classroom activities

Domain 3: 3.2. Use ICT knowledge to solve complex problems

and support students collaborative activities
Pedagogy

3.3. Model collaborative knowledge construction in

face-to-face and virtual environment you sent
 4.1 Demonstrate competence in the technical
operations of technology tools and systems as
they apply to teaching and learning

Domain 4: 4.2 Use technology tools to create new learning

Technology opportunities to support a community of learners

Tools
4.3 Demonstrate proficiency in the use of
technology tools to support teaching and learning
 5.1 Manage technology-assisted
instruction in an inclusive classroom
Domain 5: environment
Organization and
Administration
5.2 Exhibit leadership in shared
decision-making using technology tools
you sent
 6.1. Explore existing and emerging technology to
acquire additional content and pedagogical
knowledge

Domain 6: Teacher
6.2 Utilize technology tools in creating
Professional communities of practice
Learning
6.3 Collaborative with peers, colleagues, and
stakeholders to access information in support of
professional learning you sent
 7.1 Demonstrate social, ethical, and legal
responsibility in the use of technology
tools and resources
Module 7: Teacher
Disposition
7.2 Show a positive attitude toward the use
of technology tools
The Department of Education issued Order 42, s. 2017
mandating the use of the Philippine Professional Standard for
Teachers (PPST) to start with the beginning teachers who are
fresh graduates from the Teacher education program. The
document includes showing skills in the positive use of ICT to
facilitate teaching and learning and showing skills in the selection,
development, and use of a variety of teaching-learning resources
including ICT to address learning goals.
ISTE NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS FOR TEACHERS
(NETS’ T)

The program outcomes for teacher education degrees clearly state

that every future teacher: "demonstrate proficiency in the development
and utilization of Information, Communication, and Technology (ICT)
resources in promoting quality teaching-learning process. An international
organization for educational technology called the International Society
for Technology in Education (ISTE), established standards for both
teachers and students.
These standards were also referred to in the
development of the Philippine ICT Competency
standards which include the following:
 These standards were also referred to in the
development of the Philippine ICT Competency
standards which include the following:

Standard 1: Technology Operations and Concepts

This means that teachers demonstrate a sound
understanding of technology operations and concepts.
Standard 2: Planning and Designing Learning
Environment and Experiences
This standard implies that teachers utilize the use of
technology to plan and design effective learning environments
and experiences.
Standard 3: Teaching. Learning and Curriculum

Teachers should be mindful of the implementation of the

curriculum plan. They have to include strategies for applying
technology to maximize student learning.
Standard 4: Assessment and Evaluation

Teachers apply technology to facilitate a variety of effective

assessment and evaluation strategies to collect and analyze
data, interpret results, and communicate findings to improve
instructional practice and maximize student learning.
Standard 5: Productivity and Professional Practice

Teachers use technology to engage in ongoing professional

development and lifelong learning in support of student
learning, increase productivity, and build a community of
learners.
Standard 6: Social, Ethical, Legal and Human Issues
Teachers understand the social, ethical, legal, and human issues
surrounding the use of technology in support of student learning
who come from diverse backgrounds, affirm diversity, promote
safe and healthy use of technology resources, and facilitate
access to technology resources for all students.
ISTE also developed standards needed for students.
These standards will be used as a guide by teachers
to plan technology-based activities in which students
achieve success in learning, communication, and life
skills.
Standard 1: Creativity and Innovation

This standard will produce students who demonstrate

creative thinking, construct knowledge, and develop
innovative products and processes using technology
from existing Knowledge.
Standard 2: Communication and Collaboration

This standard requires students to use digital media and

environments to communicate and work collaboratively to
support individual learning and contribute to the learning of
others. This includes the use of a variety of media and
formats for global awareness with learners from other
cultures.
Standard 3: Research and Information Fluency

Students are expected to apply digital tools to gather,

evaluate, and use information and plan strategies for
inquiry. This standard expects the student to locate,
organize, analyze, evaluate, synthesize, and ethically use
information from a variety of sources and media.
Standard 4: Critical Thinking. Problem-Solving and
Decision Making

This standard expects the students to use critical

thinking skills to plan and conduct research, manage
projects, solve problems, and make informed decisions
using appropriate digital tools.
Standard 5: Digital Citizenship

It is required by this standard that every technology

student becomes a digital citizen who demonstrates
ethical and legal behavior, exemplified by the practice of
safe, legal, and responsible use of information. Further,
the student exhibits a positive attitude toward the support
of technology for collaboration, learning, and productivity
as a digital citizen.
Standard 6: Technology Operations and Concepts

A sound understanding of technology concepts, systems,

and operations is a standard that students should comply
with. They too, are expected to further transfer current
knowledge to learning of new technologies.
 A. ISTE STANDARD FOR TEACHERS B. ISTE STANDARD FOR STUDENTS

1. Technology Operations and Concepts 1. Creativity and Innovation

2. Planning and Designing Learning

2. Communication and Collaboration
Environment and Experiences

3. Teaching, Learning and Curriculum 3. Research and Information Fluency

4. Critical Thinking, Problem-Solving and

4. Assessment and Evaluation
Decision Making

5. Productivity and Professional Practice 5. Digital Citizenship

6. Social, Ethical, Legal and Human

6. Technology Operations and Concepts
Issues
Lesson 2: Understanding the Basic
Concept in ICT
 Technology refers to
methods, processes,
and devices used for
practical purposes.It
includes instruments
from pencil and paper
to modern electronic
gadgets and tools for
practical tasks.
Information and
Communication Technology
and Literacy or ICT Literacy is
the use of digital technology,
communication tools, and
networks to access, manage,
integrate, evaluate, create, and
communicate information (Guro
21, 2011).
 Educational Technology
refers to the utilization of
technology in teaching and
learning, which includes both
non-digital (flip charts,
pictures, models, realia, etc.).
And digital (electronic tools:
hardware, software, and
connections, etc.).
Digital Literacy refers to
the ability to discover,
assess, utilize, share,
and Generate content
with the use of
information technologies
and the internet
(Cornell University).
 Digital Learning is an
instructional practice that
utilizes technology to
reinforce students’ learning
experience. It covers the use
of a broad spectrum of
processes that comprises
blended or virtual learning. It
can come online or offline,
which utilizes digital
technology.
Online Digital Tools and Apps
use an Internet connection to
access the information needed,
like Skype.
It is a telecommunication
application software product that
focuses on providing video chat
and video calls between
computers, tablets, and mobile
devices via the Internet and regular
telephones.
Off-line Digital Tools and
Apps can still be used
even if there is no internet
access. Among these are
Canary Learning, Pocket,
Evertone, iBooks, and KA
LITE (Gupta, Priyanka,
2017).
Instructional Technology
refers to the theory and practice
of design, Development,
utilization, management, and
evaluation of the processes and
resources for learning
(Association for Educational
Communications and
Technology, Seels, B.B.
&Richey, P.C. 1994).
 Software refers to program
control instructions and
accompanying documentation
stored on disks or tapes when
not being used in the
computer. By extension, the
term refers to audiovisual
materials (Smaldino, 2005).
Multimedia is a
sequential or
simultaneous use of a
variety of media formats
in a given presentation
or self-study program
(Smaldino, 2005).
 The Internet is a massive network of
networks, a networking infrastructure. It
connects millions of computers globally,
forming a network in which any computer can
communicate with any other computer as long
as they are connected to the internet. It is
generally defined as a global network
connecting millions of computers (Off-line
Digital Tools and Apps can still be used even
if there is no internet access. Among these
are Canary Learning, Pocket, Evertone,
iBooks, and KA LITE (Gupta, Priyanka, 2017).
The World Wide Web (www) is also
called the Web, which is a graphical
environment on computer networks
that allows you to access,view, and
maintain documentation that can
include text, data, sound, and videos
(Smaldino, 2005). It is a way of
accessing information over the
medium of the internet. It is an
information-sharing model that is
built on top of the Internet.
Web Access is the ability of the learner to access
the Internet at any point during
The lesson is to take advantage of the array of
available educational resources.
Productivity Tools refers
to any type of software
associated with computers
and related technologies
that canbe used astools
for personal,professional,
or classroom productivity

Examples: Microsoft Office

A Technology Tool is an instrument used for doing work. It can be anything that
helps you accomplish your goal with the use of technology. These technology
tools can be classified as:

a. Data/Calculation
Tools. Examples:spreadsheets, Excels, Sketchpads, probability constructor

b. Design Tools.
These are used to make models and design, create, and build. Included here
are Family Tree Maker, Golly Gee, and Crazy Machines, among others.
c. Discussion Tools. Four different approaches utilize discussion and
interaction on the Internet. These are threaded discussion forums, Blogging,
Live chat, Video Teleconferencing, Netiquette, and Safety on the Net.

d. Email Tools. Emails are great communication tools for sending

messages, photographs, videos, and other files. It allows you to reach out
to others around the world.

e. Handheld Devices. Handheld devices have become popular among learners. These
include Personal Digital Assistants, global positioning systems, (GPS) and Geographic
Information systems (GIS) in the classroom, Portable electronic keyboards, Digital
cameras, Mobile phones, Palm, and Handheld computers.
Webquest is a teacher-structured research experience for students that is
primarily based on the use of the World Wide Web and typically takes one or
more instructional periods (Bender & Waller, 2011).

A blog is an online journal where posted information from both teachers and students
is arranged. There are three kinds of blogs: blogs used for communication, blogs
used for instruction, and blogs used for both (Ferriter & Garry, 2010).

Wiki, an editable website usually with limited access, allows students to

collaboratively create and post written work or digital files, such as digital photos or
videos. Wikipedia is one of the most widely recognized of all the wikis
atters, 2011).
Flipped classroom utilizes a reverse instructional delivery, where the teacher is required
to use the web resources as homework or out-of-class activity as initial instruction of the
lesson, which will be discussed during class time.

A podcast is a video or audio

multi-media clip about a single
topic typically in the format of the
radio talk show. The two essential
functions of a podcast are to
retrieve information to
disseminate information (Eash,
2006)
Google Apps is a cloud-based
teaching tool that is stored in the
Google server and is available for
students both at home and in school.
It includes Gmail, a free mail for all;
Google Calendar – a tool used for
organizational purposes; Google
sites that provide options for
developing blogs and wikis; and
Google Docs are used for
sophisticated word processing and
editing for the document.
 Vlog is a video blog where
each entry is posted as a
video instead of the text.

VOIP (voice over Internet protocol) is a

category of hardware and software that
enables people to use the Internet as a
transmission medium for telephone calls
by sending voice data in packets using IP
rather than traditional circuit transmission.
 Facebook is a popular social networking
site used by students and adults worldwide
to present information about themselves
and the world.

Facebook Messenger is a FREE mobile

messaging app used for instant messaging,
sharing photos, videos, audio recordings, and
group chats. The app, which is free to
download, can be used to communicate with
your friends on Facebook and with your
phone contacts.
Lesson 3:
Roles of ICT in Teaching and Learning
The new ICT enables self-paced learning through various
tools such as assignments, computers, etc as a result of this
the teaching-learning enterprise has become more productive
and meaningful. ICT helps facilitate the transaction between
producers and users by keeping the students updated and
enhancing the teacher’s capacity and ability to foster live
contact between the teacher and the student through e-mail,
chat sessions, etc.
According to Stosic (2015), educational technology has three domains:

1. Technology as a tutor. Technology can support teachers,

tutors, and other Professionals to help students learn better.

2. Technology as a teaching tool. Technology can be used as

an instrument in teaching.

3. Technology as a learning tool. Technology makes learning

easier and more effective. Use these tools for learning for life.
Appropriate use of ICT can transform the
whole teaching-learning process leading to a
paradigm shift in both content and teaching
methodology. ICT has the potential to
transcend the barriers and space. ICT
integration in the field of education has
impacted hugely in improving the quality of
education.
For Teachers and Teaching :

1. Provides essential support to teachers.

2. Modernizes the teaching-learning environment.

3. Enhances teaching-learning methods and strategies in teaching.

4. Opens opportunities for educational research.

5. Improves the capability of teachers and inculcates scientific attitude.

6. Serves as an avenue for teacher professional development.

7. Encourages scientific attitude.

For Learners and Learning :

1. Supports learners in learning how to learn on their own.

There are three categories of knowledge according to Egbert (2009):
declarative knowledge, structural knowledge, and procedural knowledge.

Declarative knowledge consists of the discrete pieces of information that

answers the questions what, who, when, and where. It is often learned
through memorization of facts, drills and practice. It can be learned by
simple mnemonics or conceptual maps. Declarative knowledge is the
fundamental knowledge necessary for students to achieve more complex
higher order thinking such as critical thinking and creativity, inquiry and
production.
 Structural knowledge consists of facts or pieces of declarative knowledge put
together to attain some form of meaning. An example of declarative knowledge is
"pencil". The idea that evolved from a pencil is an understanding that: "it is
something used to write." This is referred to as structural knowledge. It can be
presented by concept, maps, categorization, or classification.

Procedural knowledge is knowledge in action or the knowledge of how to

do something. It is based on facts but learned through the process of
procedural knowledge. Examples include how to drive a car, how to use a
cell phone, or how to speak English. Procedural knowledge is indicated by
a performance task or graphical representation of a concept.
For Learners and Learning :

2. Develop the communication skills of learners through social

interactions.

3. Augments learners’ higher-order-thinking skills: critical

thinking, problem-solving and creativity.
Thank You