2022 Third International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT)

Design and Development of IOT based Smart Door

Lock System
2022 Third International Conference on Intelligent Computing Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT) | 978-1-6654-1005-2/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICICICT54557.2022.9917767

NAKANDHRAKUMAR. R. S RAMKUMAR VENKATASAMY JOSHUVA AROCKIA DHANRAJ

Department of Mechatronics Department of Mechatronics Department of Mechatronics
Engineering, Engineering, Engineering,
Hindustan Institute of Technology and Hindustan Institute of Technology and Hindustan Institute of Technology and
Science, Chennai 603103 Science, Chennai 603103 Science, Chennai 603103
India India India
ngk.me.cad@gmail.com ramkv@hindustanuniv.ac.in joshuva1991@gmail.com

S ARAVINTH K.BALACHANDAR DHAMODHARAN. N

Department of Mechanical School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechatronics
Engineering, Department of Mechatronics, Engineering,
Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Hindusthan College of Engineering &
Chennai, India Technology, Chennai, India Technology, Coimbatore, India
aravinthkumar315@gmail.com balachandar3089@gmail.com dhamumt265@gmail.com
Abstract— In today's world of the internet, security and even at a distance. Most of us have faced the issues with
comfort are the two eyes. The internet of things (IoT) helps us losing the key for our houses, this project will completely
achieve this as this provides comfort and security to the user. avoid all problems.
The only thing that stands between us and the world outside us
is the door so having proper security to safeguard our houses is The proposed with about the importance of smart door
important. Through the years, door locks have gone all the way lock system, by explaining about the RFID unlocking system
from big, chunky complicated locks to contactless smart locks. so that we could avoid the olden traditional way of unlocking
Many doors in traditional systems had mechanical locks that door by using the keys. They explain about the advantage of
had a limited number of keys. This article proposes Smart automation in unlocking door lock system without any need
Door Unlock System based on Face Recognition, Fingerprint, of mechanical contact. So, through this we get the idea and
RF card, Password and IoT to enhance the security. A camera need of smart door lock system.[1]. They also explain the
sensor is used in this system to capture the face, and an image drawback of traditional lock system. So, through this we got
matching algorithm is used to detect the authenticated faces. the idea of RFID way of opening the lock.it really helped to
Only the person whose face is matched can open the door. This learn and study about the RFID and its tag and card reader.
system Fingerprint sensor is used to capture the finger and After that we came to discuss on the security of the lock door
matching algorithm will be used to detect the fingerprint. So, so we came to the proposed about the security of the door
limitation of managing keys will be resolved. The security lock system.in this they discussed about the password and
system is also designed with the elderly in mind, as it is difficult
the Bluetooth way of security so we got some basic
for them to open the door manually.
understanding on key type and smart phone type of opening
Keywords— iot, rf card, fingerprint sensor, key, mechanical the lock which also created some securities. [2]. Through this
lock we learnt about another application of unlocking that is the
keypad unlock through this it also adds up some securities.
I. INTRODUCTION we came to know about android-based unlocking smart door
Safety and security are part of human life. We humans lock through the paper explained and gave idea about
often work hard take every opportunity we can, earn and unlocking door lock using smart phone with Arduino
save them. This had been a habit for several generations. It is application which gave us a major clarity and idea about the
also important to save what we have earned, few put their IOT system.it also explained about the Bluetooth and GSM
money in banks, few buy assets, few invest their money and module. The WIFI module which helped us to easily connect
other spend on necessities or gift to their loved ones. But is with the door lock system and it also helped by operating
that the same when it comes to our houses? Humans always them, using the android application which is nothing but the
are feared they get frightened easily to relieve them from blink and started to study and research about the IOT system
their fear they need security, and that security is locks. It is where we found the authors who are who proposed about the
amazing how a device such as a lock puts a relief in people's IOT based door entering system, where they explained about
mind that they are safe. Research says people work more the unlocking of the door using the remote, which initiated
than half of their lifetime for spending on their living and for the idea for us to open through using smart phone as
family needs so such valuables must surely be protected and replacement to remote way of door unlock [3]. They were
the only hopes are locks. Over the time of years there’s been used WIFI module for the IOT based unlocking system.it
a lot of innovation in locks. Today we are in an era where was flexible and easy to handle and learn about it. And study
locks can be unlocked from anywhere in the world. Now, we about the type of lock which we going to use. we know that
are going to develop our version of smart lock that meets our it should be an electric lock, so by studying some of the
objectives. In 2020, during COVID-19 about 1990 robbery literatures we came to know about the solenoid lock and its
cases were reported. Out of which 345 were reported as uses.it operates under the electromagnetic force. This paper
burglary/house break-ins. So this project was proposed to explains on intelligent lock system and learnt about the
reduce these robberies by giving alerts to the users under all importance of solenoid lock, they explained about its
use cases. Users will be able to take look at what's happening mechanism and easiness to operate [4,12]. Smart digital door
lock of home automation was proposed, which narrated

978-1-6654-1005-2/22/$31.00 ©2022
Authorized licensed use limited IEEE
to: KIIT University. Downloaded on1525
March 14,2024 at 08:09:24 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 2022 Third International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT)

about the use of the smart door lock with the home 3. Depending on the movement of door, the door sensor
appliances and its connections in easy manner and newly records an HIGH or LOW signal which helps us to display
introduced a module called the ZigBee module [6,13]. So the status of the door.
through that we learnt to merge the components altogether
by using the relay module. Here he introduced ZigBee
module concept which is embedded in door lock directly as
the RF chip as shown in the above chart. Then we researched
on other papers for other type of general connections. From
the automatic door locking system they generalize the
working of the automatic door lock system using the stepper
motor operation as testing and using Bluetooth as its main
control [7,15]. In this research, they were taken the face
recognition to next level for the owner to recording the audio Fig. 1. Flow diagram of integration of all required components
and text messages. The proposed method was achieved by
the raspberry kit and also analyses the efficiency of the
system gives better results [8,14]. This research paper
explains the android application was helpful in-home
security, because of the smartphone-based microcontroller
[9]. This author explains the fog disinfection machine for the
smart home with various sensors is controlled by the internet
through the mobile application from any place [10]. The
catboosting approach is used for supervising the data with
normal and abnormal activities and it is also used to act in
intelligent. smart home environment devices for adaptive
anomaly detection using that technique [11]. This author
explains the door lock security to the owner by control the
whole building with a Bluetooth through smartphone using
Arduino and using PIR sensors to sanitize the hands [12]. Fig. 2. Assembled view of prototype model
The main goal of this project is to establish the
Figure 2 demonstrates that the isometric view of
development of working model of smart lock by integrating,
assembled components which has been drawn using
IOT concepts, RF card and Finger print sensor. Following
solidworks software.
sections such as Materials and Methodology and Results and
discussion elaborate the development of smart lock system. B. Experiment
II. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
A. System Design
At first, researched and studied the available concepts
and new methods. From the knowledge we gained, we
selected a power efficient as well as cost effective method.
Then we wrote down our requirements and objectives and
selected the components that it needed. For the
microcontroller we decided not to stay on the Arduino and
selected something new like the bolt IoT WIFI module to try
something new. Next step we decided to do was designing
the lock to place it by fixing onto the door. For this project
we selected a rectangle shaped model so that it can contain
all the major components of the project. After designing,
simulation has to be done considering a real-time
environment. For this, we used fritzing software. The
fingerprint reader, door sensor and relay were connected to
the MCU. The electric solenoid was then connected to relay.
Thus, all the real-time components were connected in
software. Next step was to develop a firmware and test it
until we reach our objectives which are the final results. The Fig. 3. Proposed model followed for smart door lock
final step is to demonstrate the prototype and showcase the
end results. Figure 1 shows the flow diagram of integration Figure 3 details that the proposed model followed and
of all required electronics and mechanical components. developed for smart door lock. The door lock works like an
1. The MCU will be reading and waiting for inputs from on/off switch which is controlled based on the user's actions.
fingerprint reader or IoT service. The lock can be triggered by an IoT application. The lock
system utilizes a DC powered and Wi-Fi capable Bolt IoT
2. If any one of the inputs is recorded as HIGH the MCU microcontroller as its core which is used for controlling 12V
sends a 5V signal to relay which then outputs a 12V which is solenoid. The solenoid is controlled by a 12V relay module.
enough to operate the solenoid. Further, the system is equipped with a DC power jack. All
objectives are achieved successfully and our simulation works

978-1-6654-1005-2/22/$31.00 ©2022
Authorized licensed use limited IEEE
to: KIIT University. Downloaded on1526
March 14,2024 at 08:09:24 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 2022 Third International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT)

fine with a few takeaways. The fritzing software that we used Figure 6 shows that digital screen and key pad for typing
for simulation does not support features to showcase any IoT secret number. It is the outer of our prototype which is
simulation, hence we used an ON/OFF switch to trigger the displayed above where the keypad and finger print module
lock and an LCD display to show the status of the door. All of are visible in it along with the display.so these are the
the components are connected together and controlled by the respective design of our project prototype. As show in fusion
microcontroller. The programs are entered in Arduino ide 360 model we fixed the design of solenoid lock on the side
software and it is read as simulation. As per our ideology all of the prototype. We fixed the RFID in the side since to
the objectives mentioned were achieved. The door lock is reduce the size of the prototype. Assembled components
activated and operated based on inputs and we were able to get with wire connections are shown in figure 7.
the status of the door.

Fig. 4. Survey of traditional lock system

These are some of the possibilities of demerits of

traditional locking system. Traditional lock deals a major time Fig. 7. Assembled view of sensor modules and components
delay in big level.in case of bank locks it deals a huge time
delay to unlock the bank locker. They also create a unsurity
and fear of lock unlock or hack status. Due to covid situation
there are possibilities of getting in contact while opening the
lock. So to avoid and overcome from such issues we should
concentrate on development of smart lock door system.

Fig. 8. Analysis of response of each method with respect to time

At each time interval we tested with three appliances that

are keypad, RFID, fingerprint where we found that it
Fig. 5. Survey of smart door lock system
deviates with respect to time and delayed time interval has
These are some of the merits of smart door lock system. been shown in figure 8. We analyzed and found that these
Where no key is required and it can be fast opened delay in time is due to the loose connections and some loss
comparatively time is conserved. It secures a huge time in of energy resistance of energy occurs usually when the
bank to open the lock doors.it also displays the state of lock device is compactible due to inner radiations of energy. So
whether it is locked or unlocked.so it creates and avoids the we propose that in future these demerits and lags should be
fear of loss of key and also the fear of lock status. Figure 4 & 5 removed. And developed algorithm has been used to run in
shows the survey of the traditional and smart door lock Neural Network. The actual images were captured using
system. variety of sensors. The model’s innovation is in how the
number of passes of the entire training data is chosen, which
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION improves the classification’s performance. The number of
passes of the entire training data is defined as a hyper-
parameter that can affect the deep learning model
performance. The number of epochs was set to 5, 10, 15 and
20 in order to keep the average training time at 2 seconds per
epoch. Starting with the seventh epoch, our results show that
the model is over fitting. The validation set’s accuracy
ranges from 76% to 98.7%, while the test set’s accuracy
ranges from 96% to 83.6 percent. When compared to the
traditional method, the proposed method performed
extremely well.

Fig. 6. Working model of prototype design

978-1-6654-1005-2/22/$31.00 ©2022
Authorized licensed use limited IEEE
to: KIIT University. Downloaded on1527
March 14,2024 at 08:09:24 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 2022 Third International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT)

IV. CONCLUSION [7] Muhammad A. Iqbal, Oladrian G. Olaleye, and Magdy A. Bayoumi,
“A review on Internet of Things (IoT); Security and Privacy
The proposed methodology was successfully done using Requirementsand the solution approaches”, Global Journal of
matching algorithm for finger print recognition and to Computer Science and Technology: E-Network, Web & Security,
control the doors using Arduino microcontroller. The Vol. 16 (7), 2016.
objectives were met successfully as proposed and the [8] Chakraborty P, and Sultana S, “IoT-Based Smart Home Security and
Automation System”, InMicro-Electronics and Telecommunication
simulation shows how our real-time prototype would work. Engineering, pp. 497-505, 2022.
This project then the end use will become comfort a little
[9] Chaniago M B, and Alamsyah R M, “Design of Energy Management
more because the technology brings an opportunity to and IoT-Based Smart Home Security System Improvement”,
monitor their doors which makes them feel secured also the https://doi. org/10.37178/ca-c. 23.1. 087. CENTRAL ASIA AND
user won’t need to carry his/her keys all the time. This THE CAUCASUS. Mar 1;23(1):pp. 933-942, 2022.
project, it’s very useful for even household locking systems, [10] Sayeduzzaman M, Borno M, Islam S, Islam M, and Howlader S, “A
there could be no fear of loss of keys and it locks Design of an IoT-Based Smart Home with Auto-sanitization System,”
automatically so no fear of whether the door unlocked or not. InSmart Trends in Computing and Communications 2022 (pp. 197-
207). Springer, Singapore.
REFERENCES [11] Reddy DK, and Behera HS, “CatBoosting Approach for Anomaly
Detection in IoT-Based Smart Home Environment”, InComputational
[1] Nishad N Gupte and Mihir R Shelar, “Smart door locking system”, Intelligence in Data Mining 2022 (pp. 753-764). Springer, Singapore.
International Journal Of Research And Technology, vol. 2 (11),
[12] Shanthini M, and Vidya G, “IoT-Based Smart Door Lock with
November 2013.
Sanitizing System”, InInventive Computation and Information
[2] Pradnya Neheta and JP Choudary, “About Door Locking Security Technologies 2021 (pp. 63-79). Springer, Singapore.
System”, International Journal Of Research And Technology, vol. 153
[13] Dansana D, Mishra BK, Sindhuja K, and Sahoo S, “IoT-Based Smart
(2), November 2016.
Security System on a Door Lock Application”, InNext Generation of
[3] Rishabh Gupta and Bala Murugan, “About IOT Based Door Entry Internet of Things 2021 (pp. 695-703). Springer, Singapore.
System”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, October 2016.
[14] Alaa M, Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Talal M, and Kiah ML, “A review of
[4] Adarsh V Patil and S Akshay, “About Android Based Smart Door smart home applications based on Internet of Things”, Journal of
Locking System”, International Journal Of Research And Network and Computer Applications. Vol. 97, pp. 48-65, 2017.
Technology, Special issue 2018, NCESC 2018 conference
[15] Sepasgozar S, Karimi R, Farahzadi L, Moezzi F, Shirowzhan S, M
proceedings.
Ebrahimzadeh S, Hui F, and Aye , “A systematic content review of
[5] Neelam Manjgoankar, “, Automatic door locking system,” IJEDR, artificial intelligence and the internet of things applications in smart
vol. 4 (1),2016. home”, Applied Sciences, Vol.10 (9),2020.
[6] Jae young Pyun, “Security Vulnerabilities in Bluetooth Technology as
Used in IoT”, International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology (IJERT), vol. 5 (12), December 2016.

978-1-6654-1005-2/22/$31.00 ©2022
Authorized licensed use limited IEEE
to: KIIT University. Downloaded on1528
March 14,2024 at 08:09:24 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.