Borbon PeTa #4

Borbon, Raphael Juan Jacinto O.
Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology (MW/1-6pm)

Performance Task #4
Process of Soil Sample Collection:

Indoor Collection – Footprints in soil/dust samples
 Footwear should be photographed before being recovered.

 Particle Samples collected using Vacuum Method
 Labeled with the date, location, time and name of the technician
 (flower gardens, points of entry and exit and alibi locations should also be taken)
Outdoor Collection – Locard’s Principle
 soil samples should be taken at regular intervals up to 100 yards from the
gravesite or point of recovery.
 grid search is set up and samples can be taken from each square of the grid and
labeled as to which grid it was taken from.
 About a tablespoon of soil should be enough for most modern tests
(Usually only the surface soil needs to be sampled)
 soil samples should be taken at regular intervals as the remains are exposed
(Buried body)
 After the remains are removed from the gravesite the bottom of the grave should
also be sampled (New shovel or scoop every grid)
Vehicles –
 Lumps of soil under wheel wells and fender.

 Lumps collected in protective material to minimize bumping in transport.
 Soil Analyst can read to know where the vehicle has been.
Clothing and Footwear –
 Should be collected intact

 No attempt should be made to remove soil from clothing, footwear or tires.
 If these items can be removed intact they should be placed in a paper bag or
enclosed in a druggist's fold and then placed in a paper bag.
 Care must be taken so that the paper bag is protected so that evidence is not lost
through holes in the bag.
 Some evidence can be placed in plastic bags but is must be completely dry.
 Wet samples placed in plastic with quickly degrade and rot and become useless.
Soil Sample Analysis:
 Know the ratio of mineral and organic content.

 Electron Microscopic Examination
 Density gradient tube Method
 By use of heat to test the point at which the sample will undergo an exothermic
reaction or an endothermic reaction.
 exothermic reaction the sample essentially burns and releases heat.
 endothermic reaction the sample will absorb the heat.
 Nuclear Resonencing and Mass Spectometry
Tool Marks and Characteristics:
 Design characteristics – this is the basic pattern of the shoe sole or tire tread
design. These patterns are usually patented although illegal copies or “knock-offs
are often reproduced and are somewhat specific to a manufacturer. Usually
many shoes or tires are produced that have this basic pattern design.
 Wear patterns – as the shoe or tire is worn or used on a vehicle the pattern area
will wear down as erosion of the tread or sole material takes place. This wear
pattern generally follows a somewhat “normal progression”. However, other
factors such as the gait or walking pattern of an individual wearing the shoes, or
the front end misalignment of the tires on a vehicle of the under or over inflation
of the tires will have an effect on the overall wear pattern. It must be remembered
that the wear pattern alone will not provide the basis for positive identification.
 Accidental characteristics – during the normal use of the shoe or tire some
damage such as small cuts and nicks are imparted on the tread or pattern
surface. These characteristics are known as “accidental” and occur randomly on
all tire and shoe designs commonly in use. Assuming the agreement of the
design characteristics and wear patterns, The “match of accidental
characteristics may allow for the positive identification of a particular shoe or tire
having made a particular impression.
Process of Preserving and Packaging Tools:
 Photograph before moving

 Collect through vacuum/scooping
 Keep intact
 Put Plastic because air does not seep in
 Put Protection against bumps to preserve it better
 Take notes of area around the point of recovery
Casting and Molding Process:
 Photographing and measuring the impression

 Removing leaves, twigs, or loose objects that may have fallen into impression.
Debris that is embedded in the surface of impression should remain.
 Preserving the impression by spraying it with a fixative agent (hairspray) to make
the surface impervious to the liquid that will be poured in.
 Placing a retaining wall on the impression.
 Mixing of the plaster of Paris in a proportion of 7 parts plaster of Paris to 4 parts
water.
 Pouring of the plaster of Paris mixture into the impression.
 Placing of the reinforcement material.
 Pouring of the remaining plaster of Paris mixture until 1 inch of its thickness.
 Allow the cast to harden for about 20-30minutes.
 Place a marking for identification: case number, time and date of casting, place
of casting, name of person who made the cast or other identifying marks. This
should be done before the cast is completely hardened
Types of Tire/Track Impressions:
 If the surface is soft or semi-soft, such as mud, dirt, or snow, the tire will leave an
imprint under the weight of the vehicle.
 If the surface is hard, such as road pavement, the tire might still leave a trace, if
dirt or dust was present. As with other traces such as fingerprints or shoeprints,
tire tracks are extremely important in forensic investigations.
 Class characteristics include size and general patterns.
 Individual characteristics include regular wear and tear as well as accidental cuts
or holes.
Steps in the examination of Shoe Print/Tire Impression:
Comparative – are conducted to determine if a known shoe or tire made the

impression.
Investigative – are conducted on impressions to provide information regarding

manufacture or design descriptions that may provide investigative leads.

Borbon PeTa #4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Borbon PeTa #4

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Borbon PeTa #4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Borbon, Raphael Juan Jacinto O.

Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology (MW/1-6pm)

Process of Soil Sample Collection:

 Footwear should be photographed before being recovered.

Outdoor Collection – Locard’s Principle

 Lumps of soil under wheel wells and fender.

 Should be collected intact

Soil Sample Analysis:

 Know the ratio of mineral and organic content.

Tool Marks and Characteristics:

Process of Preserving and Packaging Tools:

 Photograph before moving

Casting and Molding Process:

 Photographing and measuring the impression

Types of Tire/Track Impressions:

Steps in the examination of Shoe Print/Tire Impression:

Comparative – are conducted to determine if a known shoe or tire made the

Investigative – are conducted on impressions to provide information regarding

You might also like