Journal of Child and Family Studies 24, 141-160, 2015

Parenting practices have been studied extensively in developed countries, but there are only limited
parenting studies conducted in developing countries, such as Indonesia, the fourth most populated
country in the world. Additionally, evidence-based parenting programs that aim to reduce parenting
risks and child emotional and behavioral problems are not available for Indonesian families. It is,
therefore, important to understand Indonesian parents' parenting practices and needs for accessing
parenting programs in order to contribute to the development of culturally relevant parenting programs
for Indonesian families. In this study, a survey was conducted to explore different aspects of parenting
practices and parents' views of parenting programs within an Indonesian population.

Participants were 273 Indonesian parents residing in Indonesia and Australia who had a child aged 2-12
years old. Results indicate that most parents showed a high level of parental self-efficacy, parental
adjustment, family relationships, and parental team work. They also reported low levels of dysfunctional
parenting practices and child emotional and behavioral problems. No statistical differences were found
in parenting practices and child emotional and behavioral problems between parents residing in
Indonesia and Australia. Further investigation showed that many parents still used ineffective parenting
strategies (e.g., shouting) when dealing with child misbehavior. Most parents were not familiar with
existing parenting programs, but they indicated a moderate to high level of interest in participating in a

moderate to high level of interest in participating in a parenting program, and noted several preferences
for the delivery of such a program. Parents showed a preference for having an evidence-based parenting
program, particularly a light touch intervention' that is affordable and conducted in an accessible place.

Limitations of the study are also discussed, along with suggestions for future research and implications
of findings.

BMC international health and human rights 16 (1), 1-11, 2016

Pre- and post-migration trauma due to forced migration may impact negatively on parents’ ability to
care for their children. Little qualitative work has examined Somali-born refugees’ experiences. The aim
of this study is to explore Somali-born refugees’ experiences and challenges of being parents in Sweden,
and the support they need in their parenting. A qualitative descriptive study was undertaken. Data were
collected from four focus group discussions (FGDs) among 23 Somali-born mothers and fathers living in
a county in central Sweden. Qualitative content analysis has been applied. A main category, Parenthood
in Transition, emerged as a description of a process of parenthood in transition. Two generic categories
were identified: Challenges, and Improved parenting. Challenges emerged from leaving the home
country and being new and feeling alienated in the new country. In Improved parenting, an awareness
of opportunities in the new country and ways to improve their parenting was described, which includes
how to improve their communication and relationship with their children. The parents described a need
for information on how to culturally adapt their parenting and obtain support from the authorities.
Parents experienced a process of parenthood in transition. They were looking to the future and for ways
to improve their parenting. Schools and social services can overcome barriers that prevent lack of
knowledge about the new country’s systems related to parenthood. Leaving the home country often
means separation from the family and losing the social network. We suggest that staff in schools and
social services offer parent training classes for these parents throughout their children’s childhood, with
benefits for the child and family
ESUT JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 5 (1), 2020

In this era of moral decadence, armed robbery, kidnapping, teenage pregnancy, drug abuse, school
dropouts, Almajiri vs Boko Haram recruitments, money rituals, cybercrime, house breaking, criminal
gangs to mention but a few are prevalent. This is an indication of aberration by the parents having
difficulties which jeopardizes the health and well-being of their children. This paper examined the
factors constraining the effectiveness of parenting and child welfare which are to be found in the large
societal matrix of the child’s welfare system. The system supposed to provide substitutes for family
functions, provide services to improve family functioning and ensure that the children are protected.
The paper made use of in-debt interview survey to examine these factors as well as secondary sources
of data from the existing literature, books and journal articles. It was revealed among others, that
participation in school work, child-parent relationship and household characteristics are contributory
factors. Also, poverty has a very weak response to child welfare. The paper recommended that
incidence of street children is a response to poverty. Parental interest, child labour etc. are all responses
to the socio-economic environments. Also regular survey on child labour and street children to monitor
the trends with policies aiming at improving child welfare in Nigeria with respect to child-parent and
household relationship as well as characteristics in their policy formulations.

child abuse in Nigeria

EB Wilson-Oyelaran

Child abuse & neglect 13 (3), 379-387, 1989

Physical abuse and exploitative child labor are two common forms of child abuse in Nigeria. Exploitative
child labor exists in both the formal and informal sectors where children work as hairdressers, beggars'
assistants, hawkers, and as factory and agricultural workers under conditions characterized by long
hours, hazardous environment, and meager remuneration. Research on the incidence of physical abuse
in Nigeria is less systematic, and few empirical studies are available. Physical abuse is primarily the result
of corporal punishment which has become excessive. Poverty and the existence of a dependent
capitalist economy are often proffered as the primary causes of child abuse. While both explanations
have some validity, their unidimensional nature limits their explanatory capacity. These explanations
also lead to the belief that very little can be done to improve the quality of children's lives until the
social order is restructured. The ecological model proposes that child abuse can best be understood if it
is analyzed multidimensionally with emphasis on the individual, family, social environment, and cultural
milieau, as well as the dynamic interaction between these levels.

This model appears appropriate for the study of child abuse in Nigeria, and its application is advocated
as a vehicle for improving the quality of child abuse research.

Kayleigh M Maul, Rubaba Naeem, Uzma Rahim Khan, Asad I Mian, Aisha K Yousafzai, Nick Brown Child
abuse & neglect 88, 51-57, 2019

Child abuse is a global problem and pervades all cultures and socio-economic strata. The effects can be
profound and life altering for victims. There is substantial literature from high income countries about
signs of abuse, but a dearth of data from low and middle income countries like Pakistan.
Healthcare professionals (HCP) are ideally placed to detect abuse, but, to inform interventions, an
understanding of their experiences, training needs and cultural beliefs is needed. This study aimed to:

(1) Explore the challenges that HCP face when managing cases of abuse; (2) Explore cultural beliefs and
understand how these shape practice and (3) Identify training needs. A qualitative study using a
phenomenological design was conducted. In-depth interviews were conducted with doctors, nurses and
security staff in the emergency department of a large

private hospital in Pakistan (n = 15). Interviews were

undertaken in Urdu, translated into English and analysed using an inductive thematic approach.

Multiple challenges were identified. The process of referral to legal services was poorly understood and
further training and guidelines was suggested by participants. As the legal system in Pakistan does not
allow HCP to keep potentially abused patients in their custody, they felt restricted in their ability to
advocate and concerned about the safety of both the identified children and themselves. HCP have
potential to detect abuse early; however, in Pakistan there are numerous challenges. HCP require sup

port through training, as well as clear institutional frameworks and ledal sunnort to undertake this role

Kayleigh M Maul, Rubaba Naeem, Uzma Rahim Khan, Asad I Mian, Aisha K Yousafzai, Nick Brown Child
abuse & neglect 88, 51-57, 2019

Child abuse is a global problem and pervades all cultures and socio-economic strata. The effects can be
profound and life altering for victims. There is substantial literature from high income countries about
signs of abuse, but a dearth of data from low and middle income countries like Pakistan.

Healthcare professionals (HCP) are ideally placed to detect abuse, but, to inform interventions, an
understanding of their experiences, training needs and cultural beliefs is needed. This study aimed to:

(1) Explore the challenges that HCP face when managing cases of abuse; (2) Explore cultural beliefs and
understand how these shape practice and (3) Identify training needs. A qualitative study using a
phenomenological design was conducted. In-depth interviews were conducted with doctors, nurses and
security staff in the emergency department of a large

private hospital in Pakistan (n = 15). Interviews were

undertaken in Urdu, translated into English and analysed using an inductive thematic approach.

Multiple challenges were identified. The process of referral to legal services was poorly understood and
further training and guidelines was suggested by participants. As the legal system in Pakistan does not
allow HCP to keep potentially abused patients in their custody, they felt restricted in their ability to
advocate and concerned about the safety of both the identified children and themselves. HCP have
potential to detect abuse early; however, in Pakistan there are numerous challenges. HCP require
support through training, as well as clear institutional frameworks and ledal sunnort to undertake this
role