1.

ARTICLE

The effect of sex education on premarital sex among adolescents-Sex education is a preventive effort to
avoid free sex to damage reproductive health and mental unpreparedness in living their days a parents.
So, it needs extra education so that there is no misunderstanding of the concept of sex education
material.

 • The effects of sex education on premarital sex include, the lack of knowledge about sex
education causes adolescents to take premarital sexual behaviour, imperfect socialization,
misunderstanding about of the concept of sex education on premarital sex, strong curiosity and
some people think taboo about the concept of sex education.
 The conclusion in this literature review is the effect of sex education on behaviour sex, namely
low knowledge, misunderstanding of the concept of sex education and imperfect socialization,
not only from school but the role of the family is needed to instil sex education to reduce sexual
behaviour premarital sex in adolescent
 Lack of sex education and the misconception of the concept of sex education regarding
premarital sex which is misunderstood causes various negative problems is adolescent.

2. LITERATURE
The influence of sex education on adolescent’s involvement in premarital sex and adolescent
pregnancies in Arusha City,Tanzania- Premarital sex and adolescent pregnancy are issues of
great concern to parent,school stakeholders and society at large. Teenage pregnancy is a serious
problem among adolescent girls in Tanzania.

 Globally Tanzania is among countries with highest rates of Adolescent pregnancies

having 44% of women become pregnant at teen age
 Accounting for 40% of school dropouts
 This study, therefore, intended to identify and describe the influence of sex education
on adolescents’ involvement in Premarital sex and adolescent pregnancies in Arusha
City, Tanzania.
 The study population comprised adolescents aged 14-24 years
 The major findings were as follows; majority of the adolescents Engage in sexual
practices with multiple partners. Sex education guides Adolescents to avoid premarital
sex and reproduction but is also a factor in Influencing adolescents’ engagement in
sexual acts.
3. ARTICLE

Student Attitude towards Sex education among senior secondary schools in Bekwarra local
government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria- According to WHO, Sexuality is a central aspect of
being human throughout life and encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation,
eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction.

 According to Frimpong (2010), sex education is “the systematic attempt to promote the
healthy awareness in the individual on matters of his/her sexual development, functioning,
behavior and attitudes through direct teaching”.
  According to WHO, Sexuality is a central aspect of being human throughout life and
encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure,
intimacy and reproduction.
 While sexuality can include all of these dimensions, not all of them are always experienced
or expressed. Sexuality is influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, social,
economic, political, ethical, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors (WHO, 2006)
 The concept of sex education and its introduction in junior secondary schools has witnessed
much controversies and misconception by many teachers, parents, the society and students.
The concept of sex education which is sometimes called sexuality education or sex and
relationship education attracts a plethora of definitions from different people.
4. ARTICLE

Assessment of Knowledge and Benefits of Sex Education among Adolescents of Government

Secondary School Tudun Wada, Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State

 Majority of respondents demonstrated a strong understanding of the concept of sex education,

with a mean score of 3.7.
 Some respondents expressed shyness when taught about sex education, suggesting the need for
sensitive and supportive teaching approaches.
 Conclusion: Emphasis on the importance for nurses to prioritize early-stage sex education for
adolescents to establish a solid foundation for their lifetime.
5. ARTICLE

Perceived Factors Influencing Teaching of Sex Education Among Senior Secondary School Students in
Gusau, Zamfara State: Implication for Sexuality Counselling.

 Sex education encompasses the acquisition of information and the formation of attitudes
and beliefs concerning sex, sexual identity, relationships, and intimacy, playing a crucial role
in correcting misconceptions among secondary school students.
 Employing a descriptive survey design, the research involved a sample size of 346 SSII
students, utilizing a meticulously crafted questionnaire, the Factors Influencing the Teaching
of Sex Education Questionnaire (FITSEQ), to gather comprehensive data from participants.
6. ARTICLE

The Effect of Sex Education on Adolescents' Sexual Behavior Among Senior Secondary Schools Students-
The study investigated the effect of sex education on adolescents' sexual behavior among senior
secondary school students in Sunyani municipality

 A significant portion, comprising 67% of the surveyed population, demonstrated a lack of

knowledge regarding sex education, highlighting a critical gap in understanding among
adolescents.
 These findings underscore the pressing need for comprehensive and accessible sex education
programs. within senior secondary schools to address misconceptions and equip adolescents
with accurate information, thereby fostering healthier attitudes and behaviors regarding
sexuality.
7. LITERATURE
The Effect of Sex Education on Premarital Sex Among Adolescents- Adolescent are an age group that
is vulnerable to risky behaviour, including premarital sex, because during adolescent there are
various changes both physically, namely the maturation of reproductive organs, emotional change.

 Lack of sex education and the misconception of the concept of sex education regarding
premarital sex which is misunderstood causes various negative problems is adolescent.
 purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of sex education on premarital sex. This
literature review is sourced from the Pubmed and Google Scholar database from 2017-2021
and manually select criteria according o the inclusion and exclusion criteria using the PICOS
method that the effects of sex education on premarital sex include, the lack of knowledge
about sex education causes adolescents to take premarital sexual behaviour,
 The conclusion in this literature review is the effect of sex education on behaviour sex
family is needed to instil sex education to reduce sexual behaviour premarital
8. ARTICLE

Effective Strategies to Provide Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Services and to Increase
Demand and Community Support – This study is a descriptive review of the effectiveness of
initiatives to improve adolescent access to and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services

 (10 initiatives demonstrating weak but positive effects and one randomized controlled trial
demonstrating strong positive results on some outcome measures) for approaches that use
a combination of health worker training,
 Findings from 17 of 21 initiatives assessing demand-generation activities
 11 showed positive results. Packages of interventions that train health workers, improve
facility adolescent

9. ARTICLE

The Sexuality Education Initiative: the comprehensive sexuality education community has been
sidetracked from improving the sexuality education

 Education Initiative is comprised of a 12-session classroom sexuality education curriculum

for ninth grade students
 Theory of change that recognises the complex relationship between the individual and
broader environment of cultural norms, socio-economic inequalities, health disparities, legal
and institutional factors.
 This paper describes that experience and presents the rights-based framework that was
used, which seeks to improve the learning experience of students
10. ARTICLE
Comprehensive sexuality education - or the many other ways this may be referred to - is a
curriculum-based process of teaching and learning about the cognitive, emotional, physical and
social aspects of sexuality.
 Only 37% of young people in sub- Saharan Africa can demonstrate comprehensive knowledge
about HIV prevention and transmission.
 2 out of 3 girls in many countries lack the knowledge they need as they enter puberty and begin
menstruating.
 In East and Southern Africa pregnancy rates range 15-25%, some of the highest in the world.
11. LITERATURE
Three Decades of Research: The Case for Comprehensive Sex Education-School- Based sex
education plays a vital role in the sexual health and well-being of young people. Sex education
has long been characterized by competing definitions, goals, and philosophies, which has
muddied efforts to understand and gauge its effectiveness.
 The research team identified papers meeting the systematic literature review criteria. Of
8,058 relevant articles, 218 met specific review criteria. More than 80% focused solely
on pregnancy and disease prevention and were excluded, leaving 39.
 Outcomes include appreciation of sexual diversity, dating and intimate partner violence
prevention, development of healthy relationships, prevention of child sex abuse,
improved social/emotional learning, and increased media literacy.
 Public health practitioners and policy-makers have long considered school-based sex
education to play a vital role in the sexual health and well-being of young people.
 Public health practitioners and policy-makers have long considered school-based sex
education to play a vital role in the sexual health and well-being of young people.
12. LITERATURE

Sex education is the one school subject that is supposed to provide adolescents with the
information and skills they need to navigate relationships, understand sex and sexuality, and find
the resources they need for obtaining additional information and relevant health services.

 In the United States, available guidelines for sex education include the Guidelines for
Comprehensive Sexuality Education, K-12, which were first published by the Sexuality
Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS) in 1991 and have been updated
twice (most recently in 2004),3 and the National Sexuality Education Standards, published by the
Future of Sex Education Initiative in 2011.4
 The three main data sets that are used to gather information about the receipt of sex education
in the United States are the School Health Profiles (SHP),10 the School Health Policies and
Practices Study (SHPPS),6,11 and the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG).7,
 The NSFG measures are not designed to collect information about the quality of instruction, the
amount of instruction, or even much about its content or tone.14
 For example, the survey item that asks if adolescents were taught about “methods of birth
control” does not distinguish between instruction that presents contraception in a positive or
negative manner.
 For example, a didactic presentation on methods of contraception is very different from asking
students to role-play talking to a potential partner about using birth control.
 There are several learning recommendations related to pleasure in the UNESCO technical
guidance, including “describe ways that human beings feel pleasure from physical contact (e.g.
kissing, touching, caressing, sexual contact) throughout their life,” which is a learning objective
for children aged 9 to 12 years;
 “state that sexual feelings, fantasies and desires are natural and not shameful, and occur
throughout life,” which is a learning objective for those aged 12 to 15 years;
 “understand that sexual stimulation involves physical and psychological aspects, and people
respond in different ways, at different times,” which is a learning objective for those aged 12 to
15 years, and which includes as a key idea for ages 15 and older that “Engaging in sexual
behaviours should feel pleasurable and comes with associated responsibilities for one’s health
and well-being.”5
 If we look beyond these national surveillance systems, we find that when asked about sex
education, young people are dissatisfied with the dearth of messages related to positive aspects
of sexuality and the narrow ways that sex is discussed.
 For example, in a qualitative analysis of stakeholders, including youths, adolescents frequently
mentioned the lack of discussion about pleasure as a reason they were frustrated with sex
education.21
 The experience of sexual and gender minority youths is even worse, with young people feeling
either overlooked or subjected to information that is exclusively heteronormative. 22,23
 For example, the SHP data show that in grades 6 though 8, the percentage of schools that
reported teaching all 19 sexual health topics examined varied widely, from 5.1% of schools in
Arizona to 40.2% in New Mexico.10
 In high schools, the percentage of schools that covered all 19 topics varied from 4.5% in Utah to
84.4% in New Jersey.10
 The NSFG documents that although 80% or more of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years report
receipt of instruction about HIV/AIDS, STIs, or abstinence-focused topics, instruction about birth
control methods, including where to obtain a method and how to use a condom, is less
common.
 In the years 2011 to 2013, only 57% of sexually experienced girls and 43% of sexually
experienced boys reported receiving instruction about birth control methods prior to first sex. 7
13. ARTICLE

An Exploratory Study into Perceptions of Grade 11 Learners towards School-Based Sex Education -
The qualitative study aimed to explore the Perceptions of Grade 11 learners towards school-based
Sex education in Randburg, Johannesburg.

 a sample of 5 male And 5 female Grade 11 learners was obtained through Snowball
sampling.
 The data. Findings of the study indicated that while Learners believed that sex education in
schools was Appropriate, it was shallow and needed a more in-depth
 Approach. Learners believed that emotional issues Regarding sexual activity
14. ARTICLE

People’s engagement with sexuality education at secondary schools -response to the HIV epidemic.
Drawing on findings from an ethnographic study, this study explores how young people

• South Africa, in order to understand the dynamics that support or hinder engagement. Focus
group discussions were held with Grade 9 and 11 learners (aged 14–18 years)
• 16 randomly selected public secondary schools across three provincial districts.
• Is influenced by a variety of cognitive, affective and behavioural pathways including internalised
discourse around HIV and AIDS,
15. LITERATURE

Sex education helps in preparing adolescents to have responsible attitudes and behaviour towards
sex for a harmonious sexual life. This study assessed the level of knowledge and attitude towards sex
education among secondary school students in an urban south-western Nigeria.

 Multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 378 students from a
population of 3674 students in public secondary schools.
 Majority of the respondents 338 (89.9%) were between age 14–17 with mean age of 16
± 5.22 years.
 Majority of the respondents 309 (82.1%) had a good knowledge of sex education.
 More than half, 216 (57.5%) of the respondents had positive attitude towards sex
education.
 Human sexuality is concerned with the way people experience and express themselves
as sexual beings. On the other hand, sex education involves the process of acquiring
knowledge and making up beliefs, values, and attitudes about intimacy, relationships,
and identity [1].
 According to Obiunu [1], sex education helps in preparing adolescents to have
responsible attitudes and behaviour towards sex for a harmonious sexual life.
 It also helps students practice abstinence before marriage which stands as the best
protection against sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies among
adolescents [1].