UNIT 1 SHORT NOTES- CLOUD COMPUTING

Introduction:
Definition: cloud computing
cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers,
storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the
Internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and
economies of scale.

Cloud computing with an example:

Today, there are several examples of cloud computing applications used by both
businesses and individuals. One type of cloud service would be streaming
platforms for audio or video, where the actual media files are stored
remotely. Another would be data storage platforms like Google Drive, Dropbox,
OneDrive, or Box.

Why is cloud computing used?

The cloud offers businesses more flexibility overall versus hosting on a local
server. And, if you need extra bandwidth, a cloud-based service can meet that
demand instantly, rather than undergoing a complex (and expensive) update to
your IT infrastructure.

Business advantages of cloud computing:

1. Cost Savings
2. Security
3. Flexibility
4. Mobility
5. Insight
6. Increased Collaboration
7. Quality Control
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 8. Disaster Recovery
9. Loss Prevention
10.Automatic Software Updates
11.Competitive Edge
12.Sustainability

Types of cloud computing:

There are four main types of cloud computing: private clouds, public clouds,
hybrid clouds, and multiclouds.

Types of cloud computing services:

1. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
2. Platforms-as-a-Service (PaaS)
3. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

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Private Cloud:
In a private cloud, computing resources are dedicated and proprietary, and a
single organization hosts and manages the system. What makes it private is the
fact that the underlying hardware layer is segregated from any other client's
infrastructure.
Example for private cloud:

HP Data Centers, Microsoft, Elastra-private cloud, and Ubuntu are the

example of a private cloud.

Public cloud:
A public cloud is an IT model where public cloud service providers make
computing services—including compute and storage, develop-and-deploy
environments, and applications—available on-demand to organizations and
individuals over the public internet.

Example for public cloud:

The cloud resources (like servers and storage) are owned and operated by a third-
party cloud service provider and delivered over the internet. With a public cloud,
all hardware, software and other supporting infrastructure are owned and
managed by the cloud provider.
Example for public cloud: Microsoft Azure is an example of a public cloud.

Hybrid cloud:
Hybrid cloud refers to a mixed computing, storage, and services environment
made up of on-premises infrastructure, private cloud services, and a public
cloud—such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Microsoft Azure—with
orchestration among the various platforms.

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Multi cloud:
"Multi-cloud" means multiple public clouds. A company that uses a multi-cloud
deployment incorporates multiple public clouds from more than one cloud
provider.
Multi-cloud examples:
Multi cloud computing, as this word suggests, is the use of multiple public
cloud services from different vendors within one architecture at the same time.
For instance, a business might use AWS for data storage, Google Cloud
Platform for development and testing, and yet Microsoft Azure for disaster
recovery.

CLOUD MIGRATION
Introduction:

Cloud migration is the procedure of transferring applications, data, and other types of
business components to any cloud computing platform. There are several parts of cloud
migration an organization can perform. The most used model is the applications and data
transfer through an on-premises and local data center to any public cloud.

But, a cloud migration can also entail transferring applications and data from a single cloud
environment or facilitate them to another- a model called cloud-to-cloud migration. The other
type of cloud migration is reverse cloud migration, cloud exit, and cloud repatriation where
applications or data are transferred and back to the local data center.

Cloud Migration Strategies Types

Migrating to a cloud can be a good investment for our business. We might be admiring where
to start like several companies.
Gartner specified some options that are widely called "the six Rs of migration", defined as
follows:

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1. Rehosting (lift-and-shift)
The most general path is rehosting (or lift-and-shift), which implements as it sounds. It holds
our application and then drops it into our new hosting platform without changing the
architecture and code of the app. Also, it is a general way for enterprises unfamiliar with cloud
computing, who profit from the deployment speed without having to waste money or time on
planning for enlargement.

Besides, by migrating our existing infrastructure, we are applying a cloud just like other data
centers. It pays for making good use of various cloud services present for a few enterprises.
For example, adding scalable functions to our application to develop the experience for an
improving segment of many users.

2. Re-platforming
Re-platforming is called "lift-tinker-and-shift". It includes making some cloud optimizations
without modifying our app's core architecture. It is the better strategy for enterprises that are
not ready for configuration and expansion, or those enterprises that wish to improve trust inside
the cloud.

3. Re-factoring
It means to rebuild our applications from leverage to scratch cloud-native abilities. We could
not perform serverless computing or auto-scaling. A potential disadvantage is vendor lock-
in as we are re-creating on the cloud infrastructure. It is the most expensive and time-
consuming route as we may expect. But, it is also future-proof for enterprises that wish to take
benefit from more standard cloud features.
It covers the most common three approaches for migrating our existing infrastructure.

4. Re-purchasing
It means replacing our existing applications along with a new SaaS-based and cloud-native
platform (such as a homegrown CRM using Salesforce). The complexity is losing the existing
training and code's familiarity with our team over a new platform. However, the profit is
ignoring the cost of the development.

Re-purchasing is the most cost-effective process if moving through a highly personalized

legacy landscape and minimizing the apps and service number we have to handle. Once we
have accessed the nature and size of our application portfolio, we may detect cloud migration
is not correct for us.

5. Retiring
When we don't find an application useful and then simply turn off these applications. The
consequence savings may boost our business situation for application migration if we are
accessible for making the move.

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6. Re-visiting
Re-visiting may be all or some of our applications must reside in the house. For example,
applications that have unique sensitivity or handle internal processes to an enterprise. Don't be
scared for revisiting cloud computing at any later date. We must migrate only what makes
effects to the business.

ENRICHING THE ‘INTEGRATION AS A SERVICE’ PARADIGM FOR

THE CLOUD ERA

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD INTEGRATION:

 Cloud Integration is about simplifying technology so that it could be

adopted by a much broader audience.

 Cloud integration is the process of configuring multiple application

programs to share data in the cloud. In a network that incorporates cloud
integration; various applications communicate either directly or through
third-party software.

 Cloud integration is the linking of information flows between cloud-hosted

applications and other applications hosted in different clouds or in the
datacenter.

 Without integration, cloud applications can’t share data with the rest of the
Company and that limits or even eliminates the utility of the cloud.

ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD INTEGRATION: Cloud integration offers the

following advantages over older, compartmentalized organizational methods:

We propose the following definition of cloud computing:

 Each user can access personal data in real time from any device and from
any location with Internet access.

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  Each user can integrate personal data such as calendars and contact lists
served by diverse application programs.
 Each user can employ the same logon information (username and password)
for all personal applications.
 The system efficiently passes control messages among application
programs.
 By avoiding the use of data silos, data integrity is maintained.
 Cloud integration offers scalability to allow for future expansion in terms of
the number of users, the number of applications, or both.

INTEGRATION as a service (IaaS):

 In B2B systems are capable of driving this new on-demand

integration model because they are traditionally employed to automate
business processes between manufacturers and their trading partners.
 That means they provide application-to-application connectivity along with
the functionality that is very crucial for linking internal and external
software securely.
 The use of hub & spoke (H&S) architecture further simplifies the
implementation and avoids placing an excessive processing burden on the
customer sides.
 The hub is installed at the SaaS provider’s cloud center to do the heavy
lifting such as reformatting files.
 A spoke unit at each user site typically acts as basic data transfer utility.

THE EVOLUTION OF SaaS:

 There are several ways clouds can be leveraged inspiringly and incredibly
for diverse IT problems.

 Today there is a small list of services being delivered via the clouds and in
future, many more critical applications will be deployed and consumed.

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  IT as a Service (ITaaS) is the most recent and efficient delivery method in
the important IT landscape.
 Integration as a service (IaaS) is the budding and distinctive capability of
clouds in fulfilling the business integration requirements.

1. The Web is the largest digital information superhighway

2. The Web is the largest repository of all kinds of resources such as web pages,
applications comprising enterprise components, business services, POJOs, blogs,
corporate data, etc.
3. The Web is turning out to be the open, cost-effective and generic business
execution platform (E-commerce, business, auction, etc. happen in the web for
global users) comprising a wider variety of containers, adaptors, drivers,
connectors, etc.
4. The Web is the global-scale communication infrastructure (VoIP, Video
conferencing, IP TV etc,)
5. The Web is the next-generation discovery, Connectivity, and integration
middleware.
THE CHALLENGES OF SaaS PARADIGM:
1. Controllability
2. Visibility & flexibility
3. Security and Privacy
4. High Performance and Availability
5. Integration and Composition
6. Standards

 A number of approaches are being investigated for resolving the identified

issues and flaws. Private cloud, hybrid and the latest community cloud are
being prescribed as the solution for most of
these inefficiencies and deficiencies.

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  There are several companies focusing on this issue. Boomi
(http://www.dell.com) is one among them. This company has published
several well-written white papers elaborating the issues confronting those
enterprises thinking and trying to embrace the third-party public clouds for
hosting their services and applications.

 Integration Challenges: Challenges specific to integration

 The first issue is that the majority of SaaS applications are point

solutions and service one line of business.

 As a result, companies without a method of synchronizing data between

multiple lines of businesses are at a serious disadvantage in terms of
maintaining accurate data, forecasting, and automating key business
processes.
 Real-time data and functionality sharing is an essential ingredient for clouds.

ENTERPRISE CLOUD COMPUTING PARADIGM:

Introduction:
The enterprise cloud is a model for IT infrastructure and platform services that delivers the
advantages of public cloud offerings for enterprise applications without compromising on the
value provided by private datacenter environments.

What is Enterprise Cloud?

Enterprise cloud is a computing model where businesses can access virtualized IT
resources from a public or private cloud services provider on a pay-per-use basis.
These resources can include servers, processing power (CPU cores), data storage,
virtualization capabilities, and networking infrastructure.

Enterprise cloud computing creates new opportunities for businesses to reduce

costs while enhancing business resiliency, flexibility, and network security.

As organizations undergo digital transformation, they need flexible and scalable

access to three types of computing resources: processing power, computer memory,
and data storage. In the past, these organizations would bear the cost of
implementing and maintaining their own networks and data centers. Now, Enterprise
cloud service providers deliver computing resources to their customers through the

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Internet. They may also provide software cloud management systems or managed
services to help their customers maximize the benefits of enterprise cloud.
enterprises can access these resources at a low cost by partnering with public and
private enterprise cloud service providers.

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