MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI

A
MICRO PROJECT REPORT
ON

" Classification Of Sewage Treatmennt Plant "

SUBMITTED BY
Awari Mayuri Rajendra (2209920133)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. Kamble V.P.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

S. R. E. I’s
SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE
TAL-JUNNER, DIST-PUNE 412410

1
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI
S. R. E. I’s
SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE
TAL-JUNNER, DIST-PUNE 412410

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Awari Mayuri Rajendra (2209920133)
Have satisfactorily completed Micro Project on
" Classification Of Sewage Treatmennt Plant"
As a part of Syllabus of PHE (22504)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
For the partial fulfillment of

Diploma in Civil Engineering

In the academic year 2023-24

SUBJECT TEACHER H.O.D.

(Kamble V.P.) (Kamble V.P)

PRINCIPAL
(Kapile A.S)

2
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This project is done as a semester project, as a part course titled “Classification Of

Sewage Treatment Plant”.
We are really thankful to our course the Principal Prof. Kapile A.S and The HOD Prof.
Kamble V.P ,Civil Department, Samarth Polytechnic, Belhe for his invaluable guidance and
assistance, without which the accomplishment of the task would have never been possible.We
also thanks Mr. kamble sir For giving this opportunity to explore into the real world and realize
the interrelation without which a Project can never progress.

In my present project I have chosen the topic “Classification Of Sewage Treatment

Plant”.

I also thankful to parents, friend and all staff of Civil engineering department, for
providing me relevant information and Necessary clarifications and great support.

Name of student- Awari Mayuri Rajendra (2209920133)

Enrollment No-2209920133

3
 ABSTRACT

Wastewater treatment is a crucial method of sizeable significance for environmental,

economic and social aspects of property. though waste matter treatment helps scale back
environmental pollution, therefore limiting negative social effects, it should have negative
impacts on sustainability; for example, waste discharged throughout the treatment.
Determination of the impact of a selected method typically involves application of a group of
property indicators that measure environmental, economic and social problems. as an example,
property indicators for analysis of waste matter treatment processes square measure normally
given in tabular kind. The objective of this work is to assess a group of property indicators for
analysis of environmental, economic and social aspects of waste matter treatment processes. a
number of the given indicators haven't antecedently been employed in the context of waste
matter treatment. typically environmental property is assessed through calculation of greenhouse
emission unleash, waste discharge and energy use. The results show that environmental and
economic indicators will simply be determined quantitatively, however social indicators need a
qualitative approach. The usability of the symptoms and their limitations square measure
critically analyzed.

4
 INDEX

Sr. Title Sub Page

No. title No.

Certificate 2.
Acknowledgement 3.
Abstract 4.
Index 5.

1. Introduction 7.
2. Methodology 1.Location of Treatment Plant 8.
2.Types Of Treatment Plant 9.
3.Waste Water Treatment
Procedure 10.

3. Conclusion 19.
4. References 20.
5. Teacher evolution sheet 21.
6. Microproject evolution sheet 26.

5
Actual procedure followed :

Activity Sign of
Sr. Activity
Subject
No. Details of Activity Start Date Finish
Teacher
date
Select a project name with the help of a subject
1 teacher. Teacher guide the how to make a project.

Discuss the Micro project subject with group

2 members and how to collect the information.

Collect the information with the help of textbook ,

3 reference books. Note down the main points with
the help of group members.

Collect information and diagram to saw the

4 teacher. Teacher guide to how to prepare a
report of micro Project.

Made the micro project report with the help of

5 group members and printout the pages and made a
file of micro project

Check the project with the help of teacher and

6 submit the micro project report.

6
 Chapter No 1

INTRODUCTION

Sewage treatment is that the method of removing contaminants from waste matter and
home biodegradable pollution, each effluents and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and
biological processes to get rid of physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is
to supply AN environmentally safe fluid waste stream and a solid waste appropriate for disposal
or reprocess. The objective of biodegradable pollution treatment is to supply a disposable
effluent while not inflicting hurt to the encompassing surroundings, and forestall pollution.
Globally, solely two hundredth of waste matter made receive correct treatment (UNESCO 2012).
Globally, two million plenty of biodegradable pollution, industrial and agricultural waste
discharged into world waterways per day and regarding one.8 million youngsters die per annum
from water borne diseases. so, there's a necessity to treat biodegradable pollution waste matter in
such the way that quality of water is improved and don't cause hurt to surroundings.

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 Chapter 2

Methodology

• LOCATION OF TREATMENT PLANT :-

The treatment plant ought to be settled as regarding the purpose of disposal as potential. If the
waste product on be disposed finally in to the stream, the plant ought to be settled close to the
stream bank. Care ought to be taken whereas locating the positioning that it should air the
downstream facet of the town and sufficiently off from water intake works. If finally the waste
product on be applied ashore, the treatment plant ought to be settled close to the land at such an
area from wherever the treated waste product will directly flow below attraction forces toward
the disposal purpose. The plant mustn't be abundant remote from the city to scale back the length
of the sewer main. On the opposite hand the positioning mustn't be on the point of the city, that it
should cause difficulties within the enlargement of city and should bemire the final atmosphere
by smell and fly nuisance.

• LAYOUT OF TREATMENT PLANT :-

The following point should be kept in mind while giving layout of any sewage treatment plant:

• All the plant should be situated within the order of sequence, in order that waste product
from one method should directly move to alternative method.
• If potential all the plant should be situated at such elevation that waste product will be
due one plant into next underneath its force of gravity solely.
• All the treatment units ought to be organized in such some way that minimum space is
needed it'll additionally guarantee economy in its value. o Sufficient space ought to be
occupied for future extension.
• Staff quarter and workplace additionally ought to be provided close to the treatment
plant, in order that operators will watch the plant simply. o The website of treatment plant
ought to be terribly neat and provides superb look.
• Bypass and overflow weir ought to be provided to chop out of operation any unit once
needed.
• All channels, conduits ought to be set in such some way on get flexibility. convenience
and economy within the operation.

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TYPES OF THE TREATMENT PROCESS

TYPES OF TYPES OF
SR TYPES OF NAME OF THE
TREATMENT IMPURITIES
NO TREATMENT UNIT
UNIT REMOVED

Large
Physical Suspended and
1 Physical Screen
TREATMENT Floating
Matter

Physical Grit Chamber Grit

Slit Sand and

Physical Clarifiers Other Heavier
Matter

Chemical Dissolved
2 Chemical Chemical Reactors
TREATMENT Chemicals

Trickling Filters Plants

Dissolved
Biological Activated Sludge
3 Biological Organic
TREATMENT Rotating Biological
Chemical
Contactors Digestors

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCEDURE

Sewage treatment generally involves three stages, called

• Primary treatment
• Secondary treatment
• Tertiary treatment

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 PRIMARY TREATMENT :-

• Primary treatment of effluent involves geological phenomenon of solid waste among the
water. this can be done once filtering out larger contaminants among the water. effluent is
competent many tanks and filters that separate water from contaminants.

• Primary treatment removes materials which will be simply collected from the raw
biodegradable pollution before they harm or clog the pumps and biodegradable pollution
lines of primary treatment clarifiers trash, tree limbs, leaves, branches etc.

THE MAJOR STEPS ARE :-

1. Wastewater is screened to remove larger objects.

2. Then grit is removed.
3. Rest of the solids are finally extracted using gravity in large sedimentation tanks.

PRIMARY TREATMENT

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 • BAR SCREENING

A Bar Screen could be a mechanical filter accustomed take away giant objects from waste. it's
a part of initial} filtration flow and it always is that the first level of filtration being put in at the
incoming to a waste treatment plant. They usually include a series of vertical steel bars spaced
between one and three inches apart.

The incoming sewerage water passes through a bar screen to get rid of all giant objects like cans,
rags, sticks, plastic packets etc. Carried within the sewerage stream. this can be most typically
through with an automatic automatically raked bar screen in fashionable plants serving giant
populations, while in smaller or less fashionable plants, a manually clean screen is also used.

BAR SCREENING

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GRIT REMOVAL PROCESS

Grit removal is that the method wont to take away sand, silt and grit from water. Grit (and sand)
removal is usually found within the headworks of waste material treatment plants (WWTP). Grit
removal may also be wont to take away sand from stream water intakes before process for potable
water, use in industrial applications to get rid of fine abrasives, similarly as getting used to get rid
of grit entrained in sludge. Pre-treatment could embrace a sand or grit channel or chamber,
wherever the rate of the incoming waste material is adjusted to permit the settlement of sand, grit,
stones, and broken glass. These particles square measure removed as a result of they will harm
pumps and different instrumentation.

GRIT REMOVAL PROCESS

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 • SECONDARY TREATMENT :-

Secondary treatment could be a treatment method for effluent (or waste product) to attain an
explicit degree of effluent quality by employing a sewage treatment plant with physical section
separation to get rid of settleable solids and a organic process to get rid of dissolved and suspended
organic compounds. once this type of treatment, the effluent could also be referred to as as
secondary-treated effluent. Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological
matter. Secondary treatment is often performed by autochthonal, water-borne micro-organisms
during a managed surround. Secondary treatment might need a separation method to get rid of the
micro- organisms from the treated water before discharge or tertiary treatment.

1.ACTIVATED SLUDGE –

In general, activated sludge plants embrace a spread of mechanisms and processes that use
dissolved O to push the expansion of biological flock that considerably removes organic material.
The term activated sludge refers to suspended aerobic sludge consisting of flocs of active
microorganism, that consume and take away aerobically perishable organic substances from
screened or screened and pre-settled sewer water. Activated sludge systems will treat disease,
brown water, greywater, dirty sludge and industrial sewer water as long because the pollutants to
be treated ar perishable.

ACTIVATED SLUDGE

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2.HIGH-RATE TRICKLING FILTERS -

A trickling filter, conjointly referred to as trickling biofilter, biofilter, biological filter and
biological trickling filter, could be a fixed-bed, biological reactor that operates beneath (mostly)
aerobic conditions. Pre- settled waste is unceasingly ‘trickled’ or sprayed over the filter. because
the water migrates through the pores of the filter, organics square measure aerobically degraded
by the biofilm covering the filter material. In older plants and people receiving variable loadings,
trickling filter beds square measure used wherever the settled waste material liquor is unfold onto
the surface of a bed created from coke, stone chips or specially unreal plastic media. Biological
films of bacterium, protozoa and fungi kind on the media's surfaces and eat or otherwise scale back
the organic content

HIGH-RATE TRICKLING FILTERS

14
 • TERTIARY TREATMENT

Tertiary treatment is that the final cleanup method that improves waste material quality before
it's reused, recycled or discharged to the setting. The treatment removes remaining inorganic
compounds, and substances, like the gas and phosphorus. This treatment is a further treatment
given to the sewerage within which typically medical care is administrated to kill unhealthful
bacterium. The purpose of tertiary treatment is to supply a final treatment stage to lift the effluent
quality before it's discharged to the receiving setting (sea, river, lake, ground, etc.). over one
tertiary treatment method is also used at any treatment plant. Tertiary treatment of effluent involves
a series of further steps once secondary treatment to additional cut back organics, turbidity,
nitrogen, phosphorus, metals, and pathogens. Most processes involve some kind of chemical
science treatment like natural process, filtration, activated charcoal surface assimilation of
organics, reverse diffusion, and extra medical care.

1. FILTRATION Sand filtration removes a lot of of the residual suspended matter. Filtration over
atomic number 6, conjointly known as carbon sorption, removes residual toxins.

2. LAGOONS OR PONDS Settlement and any biological improvement of waste product could
also be achieved through storage in giant semisynthetic ponds or lagoons. These lagoons square
measure extremely aerobic and colonisation by native macrophytes, particularly reeds, is
commonly inspired. tiny filter-feeding invertebrates like branchiopod and species of Rotiferal
greatly assist in treatment by removing fine particulates.

3. BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL Biological nutrient removal (BNR) is regarded by

some as a sort of secondary treatment method, and by others as a tertiary (or "advanced") treatment
method. Wastewater could contain high levels of the nutrients chemical element and phosphorus.
Excessive unleash to the surroundings will cause a build-up of nutrients, referred to as
eutrophication, which may successively encourage the overgrowth of weeds, algae, and blue-green
algae (blue-green algae). this might cause associate protoctist bloom, a ascension within the
population of protoctist. The protoctist numbers ar unsustainable and eventually most of them die.
The decomposition of the protoctist by bacterium uses up such a lot of the atomic number 8 within
the water that the majority or all of the animals die, that creates a lot of organic matter for the
bacterium to decompose. additionally to inflicting deoxygenation, some protoctist species
manufacture toxins that contaminate drinkable provides. totally different treatment processes ar
needed to get rid of chemical element and phosphorus.

4. Nitrogen REMOVAL Nitrogen is removed through the biological oxidisation of chemical

element from ammonia to nitrate (nitrification), followed by denitrification, the reduction of nitrate
to chemical element gas. chemical element gas is discharged to the atmosphere and so far from the
water. Nitrification itself may be a ballroom dance aerobic method, every step expedited by a
distinct style of bacterium. The oxidisation of ammonia (NH3) to radical (NO2−) is most typically
expedited by Nitrosomonas spp. ("nitroso" touching on the formation of a nitroso practical group).

15
radical oxidisation to nitrate (NO3−), although historically believed to be expedited by Nitrobacter
spp. (nitro referring the formation of a nitro practical group), is currently legendary to be expedited
within the surroundings virtually solely by fungus genus spp.

5. PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL Every adult human excretes between two hundred and one,000
grams (7.1 and 35.3 oz) of phosphorus annually. Phosphorus are often removed biologically in a
very method referred to as increased biological phosphorus removal. In this method, specific
bacterium, referred to as polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), ar by selection enriched
and accumulate massive quantities of phosphorus inside their cells (up to twenty % of their mass).
once the biomass enriched in these bacterium is separated from the treated water, these biosolids
have a high fertiliser worth. Phosphorus removal may also be achieved by chemical precipitation,
usually with salts of iron (e.g. metal chloride), metal (e.g. alum), or lime.[8]:18 this might cause
excessive sludge production as hydroxides precipitate and also the additional chemicals are often
costly. Chemical phosphorus removal needs considerably smaller instrumentation footprint than
biological removal, is simpler to control and is commonly a lot of reliable than biological
phosphorus removal.[21] Another technique for phosphorus removal is to use granular dirt. Some
systems use each biological phosphorus removal and chemical phosphorus removal. The chemical
phosphorus removal in those systems is also used as a backup system, to be used once the
biological phosphorus removal isn't removing enough phosphorus, or is also used unceasingly. In
either case, exploitation each biological and chemical phosphorus removal has the advantage of
not increasing sludge production the maximum amount as chemical phosphorus removal on its
own, with the disadvantage of the multiplied initial price related to putting in 2 totally different
systems. Once removed, phosphorus, within the type of a phosphate-rich waste product sludge, is
also drop in a very lowland or used as fertiliser. within the latter case, the treated waste product .

6. DISINFECTION The purpose of medical aid within the treatment of waste water is to well cut
back the amount of microorganisms within the water to be discharged into the surroundings for
the later use of drinking, bathing, irrigation, etc. The effectiveness of medical aid depends on the
standard of the water being treated (e.g., cloudiness, pH, etc.), the sort of medical aid getting used,
the disinfectant dose (concentration and time), and different environmental variables. Cloudy
water can be treated less with success, since solid matter will defend organisms, particularly from
actinic radiation or if contact times ar low. Generally, short contact times, low doses and high
flows all work against effective medical aid. Common ways of medical aid embody gas, chlorine,
actinic radiation, or bleach.[8]:16 Monochloramine, that is employed for drinkable, isn't employed
in the treatment of waste water due to its persistence. once multiple steps of medical aid, the treated
water is prepared to be discharged into the water cycle by means that of the closest body of water
or agriculture. Afterwards, the water are often transferred to reserves for everyday human uses.
Chlorination remains the foremost common type of waste water medical aid in North America
because of its low price and long history of effectiveness. One disadvantage is that chlorination of
residual organic material will generate chlorinated-organic compounds that could be cancer or
harmful to the surroundings. Residual chemical element or chloramines can also be capable of
chlorinating organic material within the natural aquatic surroundings.

16
8.SLUDGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

The sludges accumulated in a very waste material treatment method should be treated and
disposed of in a very safe and effective manner. the aim of digestion is to scale back the quantity
of organic matter and also the range of disease-causing microorganisms gift within the solids. the
foremost common treatment choices embody anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, and
composting. burning is additionally used, albeit to a way lesser degree. the employment of a
inexperienced approach, like phytoremediation, has been recently planned as a valuable tool to
boost waste product sludge contaminated by trace components and chronic organic pollutants
Sludge treatment depends on the number of solids generated and alternative site-specific
conditions. Composting is most frequently applied to small-scale plants with aerobic digestion for
mid-sized operations, and anaerobic digestion for the larger-scale operations. The sludge is usually
more established a questionable pre-thickener that de-waters the sludge. sorts of pre-thickeners
embody centrifugal sludge thickeners, rotary drum sludge thickeners and belt filter presses.
Dewatered sludge could also be incinerated or transported offsite for disposal during a
exceedingly|in a very} lowland or use as an agricultural soil change.

9.IMPORTANCE OF SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT PLANT

It is very important to provide some degree of treatment to wastewater before it can be used for
agricultural or landscape irrigation or for aquaculture.

The principal objective of sewage treatment is generally to allow human effluents to be disposed
of without danger to human health or unacceptable damage to the natural environment.

According to a research, a large number of people die from water born diseases in most of the
developing countries. Therefore, it is very important to get the proper treatment of the water for a
healthy living.

17
 CONCLUSION

A successful technical project involves integration of various fields. This is an attempt to

combine several aspects of environmental, biological and chemical and civil engineering.

Since, in Vellore Municipal Corporation there is no proper treatment plant for sewage, it is
necessary to construct a Sewage Treatment Plant. The plant is designed perfectly to meet the future
expansion for the next 30 years in accordance with Indian Coral provisions. This project consists
the design of the complete components of a Sewage Treatment Plant from receiving chamber,
screening chamber, grit chamber, skimming tank, sedimentation tank, secondary class

18
 REFERENCES

1) https://www.google.com/search?q=conclusion+of+test+on+aggrigate&rlz=1C1CHBF_en
IN1035IN1035&ei=rdehY-rbD93yz7sP5qSgqA8&ved=0ahUKEwiq5t2pxIj8AhVd-
XMBHWYSCPUQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=conclusion+of+test+on+aggrigate&gs_lcp

2) https://www.studocu.com/my/document/politeknik-port-dickson/civil-engineering/aiv-lab-
report/13006315
3) https://civilplanets.com/aggregate-impact-value-test/

19
 TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET

Name of Student :- Awari Mayuri Rajendra

Enrollment No: 2209920133

Name of Program :- Public Health Engg.

Semester: V

Course Title: Diploma in Civil Engineering

Course Code: 22504

Title of Microproject : Classification Of Sewage Treatment Plant

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 Planned Start Planned Name of Responsible
S. Details of activity
No.
Date Finish date Team Members
1 Search micro project topics related

Awari Mayuri Rajendra

To subject.

2 Selection of micro project title

3 Search & collect information
related to selected topic
4 Completion of micro project topic

Proposal
5 Analyze & finalize collected data
For micro-Project report.
6 Finalize Design
7 Implementation of micro project
8 Report preparation, finalization,
Submission

Resourced Required :

S. No. Name of Resource /Material Specifications Qty. Remarks

1 Window10 EDIT
1 PC
2 Details of types of test on NOTES
aggrigate 1 Book

21
 Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project
(Please tick in appropriate cell for each characteristic)

Charact Poor Average Goo Excellent

e d
No ristic to ( Marks 1-3 ) ( Marks 4 - 5 ) ( Marks 6 - 8 ) ( Marks 9-
be 10 )
assessed
1 Relevanc Relate to very few Related to some Take care of at Take care
e to the LOs Los least one CO of more
course than one
CO

2 Not more than two At-least 5 relevant At –least 7 About 10

Literatur sources (primary sources, at least 2 relevant sources, relevant
e and secondary), latest most latest sources,
Survey very old reference most latest
/informat
ion
collectio
n
3 Complet Completed less Completed 50 to Completed 60 to Completed
i on of than 50% 60% 80% more than
the 80 %
Target
asper
project
proposal
4 Analysis Sample Size small, Sufficient and Sufficient and Enough
of Data data neither appropriate appropriate Data
and organized nor sample, enough sample, enough collected by
represent presented well data generated but data generated sufficient
ation not organized which is and
and not presented organized and appropriate
well. No or poor presented well but Sample
inferences drawn poor inferences size. Proper
drawn inferences
drawn by
organising
And
presenting
Data
through

22
S Charact Poor Average Goo Excellent
e d
r. ristic to ( Marks 1-3 ) ( Marks 4 - 5 ) ( Marks 6 - 8 ) ( Marks 9-
No be 10 )
. assesse
d
tables,
charts and
graphs.

5 Quality Incomplete Just Well Well

of fabrication/asse Assembled assembled/fabric assembled
Protot mbly. /fabricated and ated with proper /fabricated
y pe/ parts are not functioning parts.In with proper
Model functioning well. proper shape, functioning
Not in proper within tolerance parts. In
shape, dimensions dimensions and proper
beyond tolerance good shape,
limit. finish/appearanc within
Appearance/finis h e. But no creativity tolerance
is shabby. in design and useof dimension s
material and good
finish/appear
ance.
Creativity
in design
and use of
material

6 Report Very short, poor Nearly sufficient Detailed, correct Very

Preparat quality sketches, and correct details and clear detailed,
ion Details about about methods, description of correct,
methods, material, material, methods, clear
precaution and precautions and materials, description
conclusions conclusion, but precautions and of methods,
omitted, some clarity is not there Conclusions. materials,
details are wrong in presentation. Sufficient Graphic precautions
But not enough Description. and
graphic conclusion
description. s. Enough
tables,
charts and
sketches

23
7 Present Major information Includes major Includes major Well
ation is not included, information but not information and organized,
information is not well organized and well organized but includes
well organized. notpresented well not presentedwell major
informatio
n ,well
presented
8 Any other
(depending upon
nature of
project: please
indicators by
indien)
Defense Could not reply to Replied to Replied properly Replied
9 considerablenumber considerable to considerable mos
of question. number of number of t of
questions but not question. the
very properly questio
ns
properl
y

24
 Microproject Evaluation Sheet

Sr. Name of students (A) Process and (B) Individual Total

No. Product Presentation/ Marks (10)
Assessment (6 Viva (4 Marks)
Marks )
1) Awari Mayuri Rajendra

Comment/Suggestion about work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if

any)

……………………….……………………….……………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………….……………………………………………………………………

Name and Signature Dated Signature

(Mr. Kamble V.P.)

25