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    ANUPRASAD KUMMALI
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    VoIP Intro IP Telephony

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    VoIP Intro IP Telephony

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    4 views22 pages

    Intro

    Uploaded by

    ANUPRASAD KUMMALI
    VoIP Intro IP Telephony

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 22

    IP Telephony

    „ Instructor
    „ Ai-Chun Pang, acpang@csie.ntu.edu.tw
    „ Office Number: 417
    „ Textbook
    „ “Carrier Grade Voice over IP,” D. Collins, McGraw-Hill,
    Second Edition, 2003.
    „ Requirements
    „ Homework x 3 30%
    „ One mid-term exam (5/14) 40%
    „ One term project (proposal: 5/7) 30%
    „ Presentation ([5/28], 6/11 and 6/18), Demo (6/18)
    „ TAs (office number: 213)
    „ 黃宇傑, yjhuang.ntu91@msa.hinet.net
    „ 劉志孝, r91103@ms.csie.ntu.edu.tw
    „ Course Outline
    „ Introduction
    „ Transporting Voice by Using IP (Real-time Transport
    Protocol - RTP)
    „ Speech-Coding Techniques
    „ H.323
    „ Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and ENUM
    „ Media Gateway Control and the Softswitch Architecture
    „ VoIP and SS7
    „ Quality of Service
    „ Designing a Voice over IP Network
    „ Mobile IPv4, IPv6 and Micro-mobility
    „ Wireless All IP Network
    „ Mobile Number Portability
    Introduction

    Chapter 1
    Carrier Grade VoIP
    „ Carrier grade and VoIP
    „ mutually exclusive
    „ A serious alternative for voice communications with enhanced
    features
    „ Carrier grade
    „ The last time when it fails
    „ 99.999% reliability (high reliability)
    „ Fully redundant, Self-healing
    „ AT&T carries about 300 million voice calls a day (high capacity).
    „ Highly scalable
    „ Short call setup time, high speech quality
    „ No perceptible echo, noticeable delay and annoying noises on the
    line

    IP Telephony 5
    VoIP

    „ Transport voice traffic using the Internet


    Protocol (IP)
    „ One of the greatest challenges to VoIP is
    voice quality.
    „ One of the keys to acceptable voice quality is
    bandwidth.
    „ Control and prioritize the access
    „ Internet: best-effort transfer
    „ VoIP != Internet telephony
    „ The next generation Telcos
    „ Access and bandwidth are better managed.

    IP Telephony 6
    IP

    „ A packet-based protocol
    „ Routing on a packet-by-packet base
    „ Packet transfer with no guarantees
    „ May not receive in order
    „ May be lost or severely delayed
    „ TCP/IP
    „ Retransmission
    „ Assemble the packets in order
    „ Congestion control
    „ Useful for file-transfers and e-mail

    IP Telephony 7
    Data and Voice

    „ Data traffic
    „ Asynchronous – can be delayed
    „ Extremely error sensitive
    „ Voice traffic
    „ Synchronous – the stringent delay requirements
    „ More tolerant for errors
    „ IP is not for voice delivery.
    „ VoIP must
    „ Meet all the requirements for traditional telephony
    „ Offer new and attractive capabilities at a lower cost

    IP Telephony 8
    Why VoIP?

    „ Why carry voice?


    „ Internet supports instant access to anything
    „ However, voice services provide more revenues.
    „ Voice is still the killer application.
    „ Why use IP for voice?
    „ Traditional telephony carriers use circuit switching
    for carrying voice traffic.
    „ Circuit-switching is not suitable for multimedia
    communications.
    „ IP: lower equipment cost, integration of voice and
    data applications, potentially lower bandwidth
    requirements, the widespread availability of IP
    IP Telephony 9
    Lower Equipment Cost

    „ PSTN switch
    „ Proprietary – hardware, OS, applications
    „ High operation and management cost
    „ Training, support and feature development cost
    „ Mainframe computer
    „ The IP world
    „ Standard hardware and mass-produced
    „ Application software is quite separate
    „ A horizontal business model
    „ More open and competition-friendly
    „ IN
    „ does not match the openness and flexibility of IP.
    „ A few highly successful services
    IP Telephony 10
    Voice/Data Integration

    „ Click-to-talk application
    „ Personal communication
    „ E-commerce
    „ Web collaboration
    „ Shop on-line with a fried at another location
    „ Video conferencing
    „ IP-based PBX
    „ IP-based call centers
    „ IP-based voice mail

    IP Telephony 11
    Lower Bandwidth Requirements
    „ PSTN
    „ G.711 - 64 kbps
    „ Human speech frequency < 4K Hz
    „ The Nyquist Theorem: 8000 samples per second
    „ 8K * 8 bits
    „ Sophisticated coders
    „ 32kbps, 16kbps, 8kbps, 6.3kbps, 5.3kbps
    „ GSM – 13kbps
    „ Save more bandwidth by silence-detection
    „ Traditional telephony networks can use coders,
    too.
    „ But it is more difficult.
    „ VoIP – two ends of the call negotiate the coding
    scheme
    IP Telephony 12
    The Widespread Availability of IP

    „ IP
    „ LANs and WANs
    „ Dial-up Internet access
    „ The ubiquitous presence
    „ VoFR or VoATM
    „ Only for the backbone of the carriers

    IP Telephony 13
    VoIP Challenges

    „ VoIP must offer the same reliability and voice


    quality as PSTN.
    „ Mean Opinion Score (MOS)
    „ 5 (Excellent), 4 (Good), 3 (Fair), 2 (Poor), 1 (Bad)
    „ International Telecommunication Union
    Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-
    T) P.800
    „ Toll quality means a MOS of 4.0 or better.

    IP Telephony 14
    Speech Quality
    „ Must be as good as PSTN
    „ Delay
    „ The round-trip delay
    „ Coding/Decoding + Buffering Time + Tx. Time
    „ G.114 < 300 ms
    „ Jitter
    „ Delay variation
    „ Different routes or queuing times
    „ Adjusting to the jitter is difficult
    „ Jitter buffers add delay

    IP Telephony 15
    Speech Quality
    „ Echo
    „ High Delay ===> Echo is Critical
    „ Packet Loss
    „ Traditional retransmission cannot meet the
    real-time requirements
    „ Call Set-up Time
    „ Address Translation
    „ Directory Access

    IP Telephony 16
    Managing Access and Prioritizing Traffic

    „ A single network for a wide range of


    applications
    „ Call is admitted if sufficient resources are
    available
    „ Different types of traffic are handled in different
    ways
    „ If a network becomes heavily loaded, e-mail traffic
    should feel the effects before synchronous traffic
    (such as voice).
    „ QoS has required huge efforts

    IP Telephony 17
    Speech-coding Techniques

    „ In general, coding techniques are such that


    speech quality degrades as bandwidth reduces.
    „ The relationship is not linear.
    „ G.711 64kbps 4.3
    „ G.726 32kbps 4.0
    „ G.723 (celp) 6.3kbps 3.8
    „ G.728 16kbps 3.9
    „ G.729 8kbps 4.0
    „ GSM 13kbps 3.7

    IP Telephony 18
    Network Reliability and Scalability

    „ PSTN system fails


    „ 99.999% reliability
    „ Today’s VoIP solutions
    „ Redundancy and load sharing
    „ Scalable – easy to start on a small scale and then
    expand as traffic demand increases

    IP Telephony 19
    VoIP Implementations

    „ IP-based PBX solutions


    „ A single network
    „ Enhanced services

    IP Telephony 20
    VoIP Implementations

    „ IP voice mail
    „ One of the easiest
    applications
    „ IP call centers CTI
    Server
    „ Use the caller ID Internet

    „ Automatic call distribution


    „ Load the customer’s
    information on the agent’s
    desktop PBX/ACD ITG Web Server
    Call Center
    „ Click to talk

    IP Telephony 21
    VoIP Evolution
    IP
    IP Network
    Network
    VoIP
    VoIP VoIP Terminal
    Terminal Terminal Gateway PSTN

    1: PC to PC 2: Phone to PC over IP

    IP
    Network PSTN

    Gateway Gateway
    Gateway Gateway

    PSTN PSTN IP IP
    Network Network
    VoIP VoIP
    Terminal Terminal

    3: Phone to Phone over IP 4: PC to PC over PSTN


    IP Telephony 22

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