Telephony and Voip Fundamentals: Steven Taylor
Telephony and Voip Fundamentals: Steven Taylor
Fundamentals
Steven Taylor
President, Distributed Networking Associates, Inc.
Publisher/Editor, Webtorials
taylor@webtorials.com
Larry Hettick
Vice President, Wireline Solutions
Current Analysis
larry@larryhettick.com
Copyright, 2004 - Distributed Networking Associates and/or Larry Hettick. All portions of
this presentation are copyrighted by Distributed Networking Associates and/or Larry Hettick
and/or the organization credited as the source of information. All forms of reproduction
and/or recording, including photocopying, tape recording, and video taping are strictly
prohibited without the express prior written permission of Distributed Networking Associates
and/or Larry Hettick.
1
Thanks to the sponsor…
This presentation is
made possible in part
due to the generous
support of Nortel
Networks.
Agenda
The Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN)
Architecture
Digital Voice
2
PSTN Architecture
SS7 Control
Network
Tandem
Office
Central
Office Tandem
Office Central
Office
Call info
Control info
3
Traditional Digital Hierarchy
64 kbps (DS0) is the fundamental building
block
DS1 (T1) carries 24 DS0s in 1.544 Mbps
DS3 (T3) carries 28 T1s in ~45 Mbps
OC1 carries 3 T3s on ~150 Mbps
Data speeds have been adapted to fit into
this hierarchy
Agenda
The Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN)
Architecture
Digital Voice
4
Traditional Data Nets
Layer 1:
Physical Layer
Layer 2: Ethernet,
Frame Relay, etc.
Layer 3:
IP
Layer 4:
TCP, UDP
Layer 7:
Application data
VoIP
Layer 1:
Physical Layer
Layer 2: Ethernet,
Frame Relay, etc.
Layer 3:
IP
Layer 4: UDP
for conversation content
Layer 7:
Voice Packets
5
Voice Variables
Three distinct functions may or may not be
used:
Compression
Could packetize 64 kbps PCM
But usually implies a more efficient coding scheme
Packetizing
Same low-bit-rate algorithms can be used over a dedicated
connection
VoIP is always packetized
Silence Suppression
Agenda
The Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN)
Architecture
Digital Voice
6
Integrated Traditional
and VoIP Network
Control Networks
Tandem
Office
IP Network
Central
Gateway Gateway
Office Tandem
Office Central
Office
Call info
Control info
7
VoIP Network Architecture
IP Telephony
Service Provider
(IPSP) PSTN
PSTN
IP Centrex IP Phone
IP Phone
Traditional
Traditional
PBX
PBX
Private IP Network
VoIP
VoIP
Router
Router
Agenda
The Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN)
Architecture
Digital Voice
8
Converged IT Network
Architecture
IP Telephony
Service Provider
(IPSP) PSTN
PSTN
IP Phone
Information IP Centrex IP Phone
Processing
IP PBX IP PBX Traditional
Traditional Internet (with or
(with or Phone
Phone Without Without
Router) Router)
Traditional
Traditional
and Storage
PBX
PBX
Private IP Network
VoIP
VoIP
Router
Router
Thank you!
Summary
The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Architecture
Digital Voice
What is Voice over IP (VoIP)?
Implementing VoIP
Unified Communications and Applications Convergence
For more information
Webtorials
http://www.webtorials.com
Nortel Networks
Sponsor of this presentation
http://www.nortelnetworks.com