EDUCATION (MUMBAI) EST MICRO PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED BY Mr. DOMBE OMKAR ANIL. (23213020035) AT NAVSAHYADRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY POLYTECHNIC GUIDED BY:
TITLE - Visit near by RO plant and prepare details
technical report
Prof. Ms.Dhumal.S.
1 CONTENTS
Sr. No. Title Page
No.
1 Certificate 1
2 Content 2
3 Acknowledgement 3
4 Abstract 4
5 Introduction 5-14
6 Conclusion 15
2 Acknowledgement
with their kind guidance. We are very grateful to these intellectuals
who did their best to With the deep sense of gratitude, we would like to thanks all the peoples who have lit our path help during our project work It is our proud privilege to express deep sense of gratitude to, Mr. Bhokre sir, Principal of Navsahyadri Institute of Technology Polytechnic, Naigaon, for his comments and kind permission to complete this project. We remain indebted to Prof.K.V.Shingate, H.O.D. Civil Engineering Department for their timely suggestion and valuable guidance The special gratitude goes to Prof.Ms.Dhumal S., staff mentor and technical staff members, of Civil Engineering Department for their expensive, excellent and precious guidance in completion of this work.
3 Abstract Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a membrane based process technology to purify water by separating the dissolved solids from feed stream resulting in permeate and reject stream for a wide range of applications in domestic as well as industrial applications. It is seen from literature review that RO technology is used to remove dissolved solids, colour, organic contaminants, and nitrate from feed stream. Hence RO technology used in the treatment of water and hazardous waste, separation processes in the food, beverage and paper industry, as well as recovery of organic and inorganic materials from chemical processes as an alternative method . This paper intends to provide an overall vision of RO technology as an alternative method for treating wastewater in different Industrial applications. The present short review shows applicability of RO system for treating effluents from beverage industry, distillery spent wash, ground water treatment, recovery of phenol compounds, and reclamation of wastewater and sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) treatment indicating efficiency and applicability of RO technology. Now a day’s water scarcity is burning issue. As it is quite obvious that there is day to day increase in population, the demand for water also increases to satisfy the needs of the community there comes a necessity to redesign the existing treatment plants, or design the new
4 treatment plants. Redesign or design includes hydraulic design and process of treatment of water in the plant. For hydraulic design of the plant, we need to forecast the population. We forecasted the population by geometrical method. To design the treatment process of water we need to know the properties of raw water.
Introduction Purity of water and water for purification are concepts rooted in Indian culture. The perception of quality of water for different purposes is intuitively present in the language and minds of people. And similar are concepts of water used as a purifying agent in daily activities and rites. Along with these, different practices for treatment of water and protection of quality of water are also imbedded. Boiling of water for drinking, using herbs for cleansing of water, protection of drinking water wells from surface pollution are all examples of traditional knowledge and practices of water quality and protection of safe water. In certain communities it is a belief that 'natural water' such as water from wells as opposed to 'artificial water' coming from pipes is more suitable for purpose of rites. Also, some communities consider energy agents such as electricity as being artificial, therefore impure. These age-old concepts are now changing and slowly being evolved and merged with modern scientific-based ideas of water quality, pollution, protection of water and water treatment. Any new technology that gains acceptance within this society in flux needs to keep pace with these evolving perceptions and beliefs about water quality. Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a partially permeable membrane to remove ions, unwanted molecules and larger particles from drinking water. A reverse osmosis
5 plant is a manufacturing plant where the process of reverse osmosis takes place. An average modern reverse osmosis plant needs six kilowatt-hours of electricity to desalinate one cubic metre of water. [1] The process also results in an amount of salty briny waste.
Why we need RO plant?
We live in a pollution- ridden and highly toxic environment which can lead to a number of health problems. As a result, the demand for good RO water purifiers has increased drastically. The advanced purification process removes dissolved impurities and microorganisms from water to make it safe for consumption. However, before choosing a water purifier, ensure that you compare the features, brand, maintenance and most importantly the price of RO water purifiers in India.
Automatic Shut-Off Valve (SOV)
This RO system feature aims to conserve water by closing the valve automatically once the storage tank is full. It hinders the any more water from going into the membrane, and it also impedes flow to the
6 drain. The SOV apens to send the safe drinking water through the membrane once the water is drawn from the RO faucet and the tank's pressure falls. Raw Water Tank: The most common RO storage tanks can hold two to four gallons of water. Thanks to the bladder located inside the tank, the water remains pressurized in the reservoir when it's full. RO tanks are typically 15 Inches tali and 12 Inches in diameter. We all know that access to clean, fresh water is fundamental to our health and wellbeing, and filtering our water ensures that this is achieved. Most water filters remove harmful chemicals and bacteria, which if consumed can cause diseases and general ill-health. We live in a pollution- ridden and highly toxic environment which can lead to a number of health problems. As a result, the demand for good RO water purifiers has increased drastically. The advanced purification process removes dissolved impurities and microorganisms from water to make it safe for consumption. Many small communities like residential complexes have today set up their own RO plants. This is often necessary in overcrowded cities where municipal supplied water is clearly inadequate. A redundant RO plant will be mean the loss of supply that these communities depend on.
7 Reverse osmosis removes contaminants from unfiltered water, or feed water, when pressure forces it through a semipermeable membrane. Water flows from the more concentrated side (more contaminants) of the RO membrane to the less concentrated side (fewer contaminants) to provide clean drinking water. The fresh water produced is called the permeate. The concentrated water left over is called the waste or brine. A semipermeable membrane has small pores that block contaminants but allow water molecules to flow through. In osmosis, water becomes more concentrated as it passes through the membrane to obtain equilibrium on both sides. Reverse osmosis, however, blocks contaminants from entering the less concentrated side of the membrane. For example, when pressure is applied to a volume of saltwater during reverse osmosis, the salt is left behind and only clean water flows through. The RO membrane is the focal point of a reverse osmosis system, but an RO system also includes other types of filtration. RO systems are made up of 3, 4, or 5 stages of filtration. Every reverse osmosis water system contains a sediment filter and a carbon filter in addition to the RO
8 How to reduce wastewater in an RO system: 1. Add a permeate pump. Installing a permeate pump to a reverse osmosis system is the best way to increase its efficiency. Permeate pumps reduce the wastewater from an RO system by 75 to 80%. Not every reverse osmosis system is designed to use one, so make sure the one you choose is plumbed for an additional pump. 2. Choose an RO system with an automatic shut off valve. An ASO valve stops the flow of water to the drain once the storage tank is full.
9 3. Use the RO reject water for landscaping or artificial lakes. Drain water has higher levels of total dissolved solids (TDS), but it's safe to use in your lawn or garden.
➤Does Reverse Osmosis Waste Water?
A reverse osmosis system sends water with rejected contaminants down the drain as wastewater, unlike other filters that trap contaminants. As water flows through the system, it's divided into two streams. One stream carries the filtered water to a dedicated faucet, and the other stream carries the removed salts, dissolved pollutants, and minerals to the drain. The brine or "wastewater" carries rejected contaminants from a reverse osmosis system to the drain. 4 gallons of water exits the drain for every gallon of water produced. But the brine water is used for a purpose, so it's not exactly wasted. The wastewater in an RO system helps clean the water, just like a dishwasher uses water to clean dishes or a washing machine uses water to clean clothes. However, it's our job in caring for the environment to minimize the amount of water sent to the drain and increase the efficiency of the RO system.
● Benefits of Reverse Osmosis System are:-
Harmful dissolved contaminants reduced Sodium reduced Bad tastes and odors reduced More environmentally friendly than bottled water
First: Cooling Towers -
10 Where the number of refrigerated coolers was station 22, where receiving water on three lines, and reduce the temperature from 75 degrees to 32-34 degrees by the ventilation towers, so as to save them from evaporating as we mentioned earlier, adding that the disposal of elemental iron and magnesium by oxidation and then disposal it
Second : Softeners After reducing the temperature and disposal partly of Calcium and Magnesium, at this stage to get rid of the material impurity by sedimentated in the basin round ,andnumber it four basins and time of two hours and capacity of 600 cubic meters for each basin , the addition of a "polymer" helping to sedimentation , as well as at this stage to disposal from Fe and Mn by sediment it and other materials such as imperfection of magnesium and calcium (to remove water hardness) at the bottom of the softness with the material deposited and then get rid of them all. It is noted that 5% of the amount of water coming from the cooling system does not pass through this stage, but proceed immediately to the Sand Filters, and the goal is to maintain the number of simple elements and compounds for water
11 Third : Sand Filters Before it enters the water to this stage, will be add a substance acid to rid it of the rest of the iron .The number of sedimentation basins are twelve basin , and where the ten basins under the work and the remaining are two for washing , and arewashed to rid it of sediment , and is the transfer of water from the bottom of soil to top and then the opposite From top to bottom. The major benefits of the basins are: 1) Removal of the remaining suspended solids (5% - 10% ) 2) Removal of about 90% of bacteria 3) Removal of iron and manganese
12 4) Removal of color and taste
The sand used in filter has several properties and methods at its disposal and organized , and kind it be a Single-Medium Sand Filters-as in the picture Down - and you must change the sand every four years for each filter, and where losing the filter at each washing 4% of the productivity of the plant .
Fourth : RO. Plants
Objective at this stage is to remove the dissolved solids in water and its final stage.
13 Fourth : STORAGE TANKS
Here is stored distilled water coming from RO.PLANTS, and we note that the water is distilled and perfectly free from any elements and compounds so we have to mixdistilled water with simple partial amount of water coming directly from the Sand Filters, even contains a small amount of the main elements and important of water. Also added at this stage of chlorine to kill bacteria and the
14 remaining water tomaintain in the future than any other viruses.The goal is to save water and maintain the balance of the pumping .Then pumped water from the store to the water networks in Riyadh by the amount of 500 meter cubic per hour for this plant only .But sludge is disposal in sewage and does not return to the plant again.
