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Java Package Session 10

The document discusses Java packages, including built-in and user-defined packages. It covers how to create packages, compile and run package programs, access packages from other packages, subpackages, putting multiple public classes in a package, and static imports.

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arifmohammad7567
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43 views

Java Package Session 10

The document discusses Java packages, including built-in and user-defined packages. It covers how to create packages, compile and run package programs, access packages from other packages, subpackages, putting multiple public classes in a package, and static imports.

Uploaded by

arifmohammad7567
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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java Package

A java package is a group of similar types of classes, interfaces and sub-packages.


Package in java can be categorized in two form, built-in package and user-defined package.
There are many built-in packages such as java, lang, awt, javax, swing, net, io, util, sql etc.
Here, we will have the detailed learning of creating and using user-defined packages.
Advantage of Java Package
1) Java package is used to categorize the classes and interfaces so that they can be easily
maintained.
2) Java package provides access protection.
3) Java package removes naming collision.

Simple example of java package


The package keyword is used to create a package in java.
1. //save as Simple.java
2. package mypack;
3. public class Simple{
4. public static void main(String args[]){
5. System.out.println("Welcome to package");
6. }
7. }

How to compile java package


If you are not using any IDE, you need to follow the syntax given below:
1. javac -d directory javafilename

For example
1. javac -d . Simple.java

The -d switch specifies the destination where to put the generated class file. You can use
any directory name like /home (in case of Linux), d:/abc (in case of windows) etc. If you
want to keep the package within the same directory, you can use . (dot).

How to run java package program


You need to use fully qualified name e.g. mypack.Simple etc to run the class.

To Compile: javac -d . Simple.java


To Run: java mypack.Simple
Output:Welcome to package

The -d is a switch that tells the compiler where to put the class file i.e. it represents
destination. The . represents the current folder.

How to access package from another


package?
There are three ways to access the package from outside the package.
1. import package.*;
2. import package.classname;
3. fully qualified name.

1) Using packagename.*
If you use package.* then all the classes and interfaces of this package will be accessible
but not subpackages.
The import keyword is used to make the classes and interface of another package accessible
to the current package.

Example of package that import the packagename.*


1. //save by A.java
2. package pack;
3. public class A{
4. public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
5. }
1. //save by B.java
2. package mypack;
3. import pack.*;
4.
5. class B{
6. public static void main(String args[]){
7. A obj = new A();
8. obj.msg();
9. }
10. }

Output:Hello

2) Using packagename.classname
If you import package.classname then only declared class of this package will be accessible.

Example of package by import package.classname


1. //save by A.java
2.
3. package pack;
4. public class A{
5. public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
6. }
1. //save by B.java
2. package mypack;
3. import pack.A;
4.
5. class B{
6. public static void main(String args[]){
7. A obj = new A();
8. obj.msg();
9. }
10. }

Output:Hello

3) Using fully qualified name


If you use fully qualified name then only declared class of this package will be accessible.
Now there is no need to import. But you need to use fully qualified name every time when
you are accessing the class or interface.
It is generally used when two packages have same class name e.g. java.util and java.sql
packages contain Date class.

Example of package by import fully qualified name


1. //save by A.java
2. package pack;
3. public class A{
4. public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
5. }
1. //save by B.java
2. package mypack;
3. class B{
4. public static void main(String args[]){
5. pack.A obj = new pack.A();//using fully qualified name
6. obj.msg();
7. }
8. }

Output:Hello

Note: If you import a package, subpackages will not be imported.

If you import a package, all the classes and interface of that package will be imported
excluding the classes and interfaces of the subpackages. Hence, you need to import the
subpackage as well.

Note: Sequence of the program must be package then import


then class.

Subpackage in java
Package inside the package is called the subpackage. It should be created to categorize
the package further.
Let's take an example, Sun Microsystem has definded a package named java that contains
many classes like System, String, Reader, Writer, Socket etc. These classes represent a
particular group e.g. Reader and Writer classes are for Input/Output operation, Socket and
ServerSocket classes are for networking etc and so on. So, Sun has subcategorized the java
package into subpackages such as lang, net, io etc. and put the Input/Output related
classes in io package, Server and ServerSocket classes in net packages and so on

Example of Subpackage
1. package com.javatpoint.core;
2. class Simple{
3. public static void main(String args[]){
4. System.out.println("Hello subpackage");
5. }
6. }

To Compile: javac -d . Simple.java


To Run: java com.javatpoint.core.Simple
Output:Hello subpackage

How to put two public classes in a package?


If you want to put two public classes in a package, have two java source files containing
one public class, but keep the package name same. For example:
1. //save as A.java
2.
3. package javatpoint;
4. public class A{}
1. //save as B.java
2.
3. package javatpoint;
4. public class B{}

Static Import:
The static import feature of Java 5 facilitate the java programmer to access any static
member of a class directly. There is no need to qualify it by the class name.

Advantage of static import:


 Less coding is required if you have access any static member of a class oftenly.

Disadvantage of static import:


 If you overuse the static import feature, it makes the program unreadable and
unmaintainable.
Simple Example of static import
1. import static java.lang.System.*;
2. class StaticImportExample{
3. public static void main(String args[]){
4.
5. out.println("Hello");//Now no need of System.out
6. out.println("Java");
7.
8. }
9. }
10.
Test it Now
Output:Hello
Java

What is the difference between import and static


import?
The import allows the java programmer to access classes of a package without package
qualification whereas the static import feature allows to access the static members of a
class without the class qualification. The import provides accessibility to classes and
interface whereas static import provides accessibility to static members of the class.

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