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Module 3 - Research Designs

The document discusses different types of research designs including quantitative, qualitative, descriptive, experimental, correlational, diagnostic, and explanatory research designs. It provides details on the key elements and purposes of each design type to help researchers select the most appropriate design for their research topic and objectives.

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17 views

Module 3 - Research Designs

The document discusses different types of research designs including quantitative, qualitative, descriptive, experimental, correlational, diagnostic, and explanatory research designs. It provides details on the key elements and purposes of each design type to help researchers select the most appropriate design for their research topic and objectives.

Uploaded by

venom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Research Design

• Elements of Research designs


• At the end of the module, you should be able to:
recommend an appropriate research design for the
assigned topic.
What is research design?

• A research design includes the process and methods used to carry


out scientific research. It is a framework or plan for a study
employed as a guide in gathering and evaluating data.
• It is also defined as a framework of methods and techniques
chosen by a researcher to combine various components of
research in a reasonably logical manner so that the research
problem is efficiently handled.
• It is a blueprint or plan for the collection, measurement, and
analysis of data, created to answer your research questions.
Types of Research Design

• Research design can be broadly classified into:


 quantitative, and,
qualitative research design.
Types of Research Design

Quantitative Qualitative
• Quantitative research is implemented in • Qualitative research is implemented
cases where it is important for a in cases where a relationship
researcher to have statistical conclusions between collected data and
to collect actionable insights. observation is established on the
• Quantitative research design is important basis of mathematical calculations.
for the growth of any organization because
any conclusion drawn on the basis of
numbers and analysis will only prove to be
effective for the business.
Types of Research Design

Quantitative Qualitative
• Surveys • Focus groups
• Questionnaires • Unstructured interviews
• Tests • Unstructured observations
• Existing databases
Further, research design can be divided into five types :

1. Descriptive Research Design


2. Experimental Research Design
3. Correlational Research Design
4. Diagnostic Research Design
5. Explanatory Research Design
Descriptive Research Design

• In a descriptive research design, a researcher is solely interested


in describing the situation or case under his/her research study.
Case study – focuses on collecting information about a specific object,
event or activity, such as a particular business unit or organization.
Content Analysis- an observational research method that is used to
systematically evaluate the symbolic contents of all forms of recorded
communications.
Feasibility study is an analysis that takes all of a project's relevant factors
into account—including economic, technical, legal, and scheduling
considerations—to ascertain the likelihood of completing the project
successfully.
Survey – a system for collecting information from or about people to
describe, compare, or explain their knowledge, attitudes and behavior.
Experimental Research Design

• Experimental research design is used to establish a relationship


between the cause and effect of a situation.
• It is a causal research design where the effect caused by the
independent variable on the dependent variable is observed.
Correlational Research Design

• Correlational research is a non-experimental research design


technique which helps researchers to establish a relationship
between two closely connected variables.
• Two different groups are required to conduct this research design
method.
• There is no assumption while evaluating a relationship between
two different variables and statistical analysis techniques are used
to calculate the relationship between them.
Diagnostic research design:

• In diagnostic design, the researcher is looking to evaluate the


underlying cause of a specific topic or phenomenon. This method
helps one learn more about the factors that create troublesome
situations.
• This design has three parts of the research:
Inception of the issue
Diagnosis of the issue
Solution for the issue
Explanatory research design:
• Explanatory design uses a researcher’s ideas and thoughts on a
subject to further explore their theories.
• The research explains unexplored aspects of a subject and details
about what, how, and why of research questions.
Features of a Good Research Design

• A research design appropriate for a particular research problem,


usually involves the consideration of the following factors:
The means of obtaining information;
The availability and skills of the researcher and his staff, if any;
The objective of the problem to be studied;
The nature of the problem to be studied; and
The availability of time and money for the research work.
Given the above multitude of research designs, which design should
researchers choose for their research?

• Generally speaking, researchers tend to select those research


designs that they are most comfortable with and feel most
competent to handle, but ideally, the choice should depend on the
nature of the research phenomenon being studied.
Given the above multitude of research designs, which design should
researchers choose for their research?

• Regardless of the specific research design chosen, the researcher


should strive to collect quantitative and qualitative data using a
combination of techniques such as questionnaires, interviews,
observations, documents, or secondary data.

• the goal of the researcher should be to collect as much and as


diverse data as possible that can help generate the best possible
insights about the phenomenon of interest.

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